Article(id=1208356305253811018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208356297246879939, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00097, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1745164800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-21, revisedDate=1749398400000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766024193347, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1756310400000, pubDateStr=2025-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1758297600000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766024193347, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774079889567, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1208356297246879939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756310400000', pubDateStr='2025-08-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766024191437, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774330854827, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243196968781070575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208356297246879939, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243196968781070576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1208356297246879939, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=105, endPage=113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208356306344330075, articleId=1208356305253811018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Study on the initiation of the first solar eruption triggering the May 2024 geomagnetic storm, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This article focuses on the triggering process of an X1.0 class flare that occurred on May 8, which is the first event in a series of solar eruptions related to the massive geomagnetic storm event on May 10-11, 2024. Multi-wavelength observations show that the solar source region of this event is composed of two closely-related active regions, AR 13668 and AR 13664. There are four filaments in the core area of the activity, and the corresponding high-temperature observations exhibit four sets of bright corona loops, corresponding to one twisted magnetic flux rope and three weakly twisted sheared magnetic arcades in the nonlinear force-free field model. The complex triggering process of X1.0 class flares is analyzed, and it is found that they are associated with the eruption of two M-class flares and two hot channels. The eruption of the hot channel HC1 during the first M-class flare provides favorable conditions for the fast rise of the hot channel HC2 after its formation, which in turn propels the fast rise of HC1. Eventually, the two hot channels merge and successfully erupt, forming a halo coronal mass ejections. The joint analysis of multi-wavelength observations and nonlinear force-free field shows that the formation of the hot channel HC2 is caused by the tether-cutting magnetic reconnection of two sheared magnetic arcades triggered by the magnetic flux cancellation. This process occurs during the second M-class flare, and the fast rise of the hot channel HC2 subsequently triggers the onset of the X1.0 class flare. The study reveals the complex triggering process of the first X-class solar flare related to the massive geomagnetic storm in 2024 May, which involves coupling between multiple flares and hot channel eruptions, deepening our understanding of the triggering process of extreme space weather events in the source region.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yingna SU, Yudi OU, Xiaowen ZHANG, Shuangfeng WAN, Weilin TENG, Haisheng JI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208356308630225876, articleId=1208356305253811018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=2024年5月特大地磁暴的首个太阳爆发触发过程研究, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

重点研究了2024年5月10—11日特大地磁暴事件的系列太阳爆发的“先锋官”,即发生在5月8日的X1.0级耀斑的触发过程。多波段观测显示,该事件的太阳源区包含2个密不可分的活动区AR13668和AR13664。活动核心区存在4个暗条,相应的高温波段表现为4组亮的热冕环结构,对应非线性无力场模型中的1个扭缠磁绳和3个弱扭缠的剪切磁拱。分析X1.0级耀斑的复杂触发过程,发现其伴随2个M级耀斑和2个热通道的爆发。发生在第1个M级耀斑期间的热通道HC1的爆发为热通道HC2形成后便迅速进入快速上升相提供了有利条件,而HC2的快速上升又推进了HC1的快速爆发,最终二者合并为一体成功抛出后,形成一个晕状日冕物质抛射。多波段观测和非线性无力场联合分析表明,热通道HC2的形成是光球磁对消引发的2组剪切磁拱的缰绳截断磁重联所致,该过程发生在第2个M级耀斑期间,随后热通道HC2的快速上升触发了X1.0级耀斑的开始。揭示了2024年5月特大地磁暴的首个日面爆发触发的复杂过程,即多个耀斑和热通道爆发的耦合,推动对极端空间天气事件日面爆发的触发过程的深入理解。

, authors=

宿英娜,研究员,研究方向为太阳物理,电子信箱:

, authorsList=宿英娜, 欧雨迪, 张潇文, 万双峰, 滕伟霖, 季海生, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=9d8ljeCY0gLQch9JKckgRw==, magXml=9d8ljeCY0gLQch9JKckgRw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=fI87zKeLnpJyp/89yTlRfw==, pdfFileSize=5543301, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=coDlcDkqrdwAb7SnvTmDTg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KjOXUFMha0orN9P/dXRiLQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1242144374092542042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=ynsu@pmo.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374163845214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374092542042, language=EN, stringName=Yingna SU, firstName=Yingna, middleName=null, lastName=SU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374235148383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374092542042, language=CN, stringName=宿英娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023
2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026, bio={"content":"

宿英娜,研究员,研究方向为太阳物理,电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

宿英娜,研究员,研究方向为太阳物理,电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144373828300877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373840883790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373853466703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242144373928964178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373937352787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373945741396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026)])]), Author(id=1242144374298062945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374373560420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374298062945, language=EN, stringName=Yudi OU, firstName=Yudi, middleName=null, lastName=OU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374440669285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374298062945, language=CN, stringName=欧雨迪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023
2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144373828300877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373840883790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373853466703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242144373928964178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373937352787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373945741396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026)])]), Author(id=1242144374503583847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374604247146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374503583847, language=EN, stringName=Xiaowen ZHANG, firstName=Xiaowen, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3. College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374671356013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374503583847, language=CN, stringName=张潇文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3. 加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校文理学院,伯克利 94720, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144374012850262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144374021238871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144374012850262, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144374025433176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144374012850262, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校文理学院,伯克利 94720)])]), Author(id=1242144374746853489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374822350965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374746853489, language=EN, stringName=Shuangfeng WAN, firstName=Shuangfeng, middleName=null, lastName=WAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374893654136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374746853489, language=CN, stringName=万双峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023
2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144373828300877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373840883790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373853466703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242144373928964178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373937352787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373945741396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026)])]), Author(id=1242144374964957307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242144375065620608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374964957307, language=EN, stringName=Weilin TENG, firstName=Weilin, middleName=null, lastName=TENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242144375145312386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374964957307, language=CN, stringName=滕伟霖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023
2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144373828300877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373840883790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373853466703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242144373928964178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373937352787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373945741396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026)])]), Author(id=1242144375212421252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242144375296307335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144375212421252, language=EN, stringName=Haisheng JI, firstName=Haisheng, middleName=null, lastName=JI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242144375359221896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144375212421252, language=CN, stringName=季海生, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023
2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144373828300877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373840883790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373853466703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242144373928964178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373937352787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373945741396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1242144375485051017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=geomagnetic storm), Keyword(id=1242144375543771274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=solar flare), Keyword(id=1242144375610880139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=coronal mass ejection), Keyword(id=1242144375673794703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=hot channel), Keyword(id=1242144375745097872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=magnetic field), Keyword(id=1242144375824789653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=地磁暴), Keyword(id=1242144375891898520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=太阳耀斑), Keyword(id=1242144375959007386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=日冕物质抛射), Keyword(id=1242144376030310557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=热通道), Keyword(id=1242144376101613729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=磁场)], refs=[Reference(id=1242144379297673433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=23, issue=3, pageStart=arXiv: 2411.12490v3, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=Weiler E, Mostl C, Davies E E, journalName=Space weather, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Weiler E , Mostl C , Davies E E , et al. First observations of a geomagentic superstorm with a Sub-L1 monitor[J]. Space weather, 2025, 23 (3): arXiv: 2411.12490v3., articleTitle=First observations of a geomagentic superstorm with a Sub-L1 monitor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144379364782299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ad8914, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=976, issue=1, pageStart=L12, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=Jarolim R, Veronig A M, Purkhart S, journalName=The Astrophysical Journal Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Jarolim R , Veronig A M , Purkhart S , et al. Magnetic field evolution of the solar active region 13664[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2024, 976 (1): L12., articleTitle=Magnetic field evolution of the solar active region 13664, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144379431891165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ad7ba4, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=974, issue=1, pageStart=L8, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=Liu Y D, Hu H D, Zhao X W, journalName=The Astrophysical Journal Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Liu Y D , Hu H D , Zhao X W , et al. A pileup of coronal mass ejections produced the largest geomagnetic storm in two decades[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2024, 974 (1): L8., articleTitle=A pileup of coronal mass ejections produced the largest geomagnetic storm in two decades, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144379499000031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=692, issue=null, pageStart=A112, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=Wang R, Liu Y D, Zhao X W, journalName=Astronomy & Astrophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Wang R , Liu Y D , Zhao X W , et al. Unveiling key factors in solar eruptions leading to the solar superstorm in 2024 May[J]. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2024, 692: A112., articleTitle=Unveiling key factors in solar eruptions leading to the solar superstorm in 2024 May, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144379561914593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ad6d6c, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=972, issue=1, pageStart=L1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=Li Y, Liu X F, Jing Z C, journalName=The Astrophysical Journal Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Li Y , Liu X F , Jing Z C , et al. Various features of the X-class white-light flares in super active region NOAA 13664[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2024, 972 (1): L1., articleTitle=Various features of the X-class white-light flares in super active region NOAA 13664, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144379633217762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.1007/s11207-011-9841-3, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=275, issue=1-2, pageStart=3, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=Pesnell W D, Thompson B J, Chamberlin P C, journalName=Solar Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Pesnell W D , Thompson B J , Chamberlin P C . The solar dynamics observatory (SDO)[J]. Solar Physics, 2012, 275 (1-2): 3- 15., articleTitle=The solar dynamics observatory (SDO), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144379712909540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.1007/s11207-011-9776-8, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=275, issue=1-2, pageStart=17, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=Lemen J R, Title A M, Akin D J, journalName=Solar Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Lemen J R , Title A M , Akin D J , et al. The atmospheric imaging assembly (AIA) on the solar dynamics observatory (SDO)[J]. Solar Physics, 2012, 275 (1-2): 17- 40., articleTitle=The atmospheric imaging assembly (AIA) on the solar dynamics observatory (SDO), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144379792601318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.1007/s11207-011-9834-2, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=275, issue=1-2, pageStart=207, pageEnd=227, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=Scherrer P H, Schou J, Bush R I, journalName=Solar Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Scherrer P H , Schou J , Bush R I , et al. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Investigation for the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)[J]. Solar Physics, 2012, 275 (1-2): 207- 227., articleTitle=The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Investigation for the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144379859710184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.1007/s11207-023-02166-x, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=298, issue=5, pageStart=68, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=Gan W Q, Zhu C, Deng Y Y, journalName=Solar Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Gan W Q , Zhu C , Deng Y Y , et al. The advanced space-based solar observatory (ASO-S)[J]. Solar Physics, 2023, 298 (5): 68., articleTitle=The advanced space-based solar observatory (ASO-S), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144379926819050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.1088/1674-4527/19/11/161, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=19, issue=11, pageStart=161, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=Su J T, Bai X Y, Chen J, journalName=Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Su J T , Bai X Y , Chen J , et al. Data reduction and calibration of the FMG onboard ASO-S[J]. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2019, 19 (11): 161., articleTitle=Data reduction and calibration of the FMG onboard ASO-S, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144379989733612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.1007/s11207-023-02236-0, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=298, issue=12, pageStart=141, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=Liu S, Su J T, Bai X Y, journalName=Solar Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Liu S , Su J T , Bai X Y , et al. The magnetic-field calibration of the full-disk magnetograph onboard the advanced space based solar observatory (ASO-S/FMG)[J]. Solar Physics, 2023, 298 (12): 141., articleTitle=The magnetic-field calibration of the full-disk magnetograph onboard the advanced space based solar observatory (ASO-S/FMG), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144380056842478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.1088/1674-4527/19/11/162, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=19, issue=11, pageStart=162, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=Feng L, Li H, Chen B, journalName=Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Feng L , Li H , Chen B , et al. The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) for the ASO-S mission-Ⅲ. data and potential diagnostics[J]. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2019, 19 (11): 162., articleTitle=The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) for the ASO-S mission-Ⅲ. data and potential diagnostics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144380132339952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.1088/1674-4527/19/11/163, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=19, issue=11, pageStart=163, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=Su Y, Liu W, Li Y P, journalName=Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Su Y , Liu W , Li Y P , et al. Simulations and software development for the hard X-ray imager onboard ASO-S[J]. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2019, 19 (11): 163., articleTitle=Simulations and software development for the hard X-ray imager onboard ASO-S, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144380216226034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=65, issue=8, pageStart=289602, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=Li C, Fang C, Li Z, journalName=Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Li C , Fang C , Li Z , et al. The Chinese Hα solar explorer (CHASE) mission: An overview[J]. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2022, 65 (8): 289602., articleTitle=The Chinese Hα solar explorer (CHASE) mission: An overview, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144380287529204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=60, issue=1, pageStart=2, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=Su Y N, journalName=Acta Astronomica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Su Y N . Studying solar eruptions from reconstructed magnetic field[J]. Acta Astronomica Sinica, 2019, 60 (1): 2., articleTitle=Studying solar eruptions from reconstructed magnetic field, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144380358832374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201014391, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=516, issue=null, pageStart=A107, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=Wiegelmann T, Inhester B, journalName=Astronomy and Astrophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Wiegelmann T , Inhester B . How to deal with measurement errors and lacking data in nonlinear force-free coronal magnetic field modelling?[J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2010, 516: A107., articleTitle=How to deal with measurement errors and lacking data in nonlinear force-free coronal magnetic field modelling?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144380425941240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/148, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=818, issue=2, pageStart=148, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=Liu R, Kliem B, Titov V S, journalName=The Astrophysical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Liu R , Kliem B , Titov V S , et al. Structure, stability, and evolution of magnetic flux ropes from the perspective of magnetic twist[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2016, 818 (2): 148., articleTitle=Structure, stability, and evolution of magnetic flux ropes from the perspective of magnetic twist, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242144380501438714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, doi=10.1086/320559, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=552, issue=2, pageStart=833, pageEnd=848, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=Moore R L, Sterling A C, Hudson H S, journalName=The Astrophysical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Moore R L , Sterling A C , Hudson H S , et al. Onset of the magnetic explosion in solar flares and coronal mass ejections[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2001, 552 (2): 833- 848., articleTitle=Onset of the magnetic explosion in solar flares and coronal mass ejections, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1242144378949546192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, awardId=XDB0560000, language=CN, fundingSource=中国科学院基础与交叉前沿科研先导专项(B类)(XDB0560000), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242144379020849362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, awardId=2022YFF0503001, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0503001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242144379075375316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, awardId=2021YFA1600502, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA1600502), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242144379155067094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, awardId=12173092, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金委员会面上项目(12173092), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144373828300877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373840883790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373853466703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242144373928964178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373937352787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373945741396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242144374012850262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144374021238871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144374012850262, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144374025433176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144374012850262, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校文理学院,伯克利 94720)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242144376273580199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=aF1Rn8KoAIzNHHcI9I9Lqg==, figureFileBig=lIX0PJHpTpDOSrZNTVP05Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144376336494762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, label=图1, caption=爆发前的太阳源区概况

(a)~(b)和(c)~(f)中的图像分别拍摄于2024年5月7日03:01 UT和2024年5月8日03:00 UT。(a)~(b)耀斑发生1天前ASO−S/FMG和SDO/HMI拍摄的视向光球磁图(2024年5月7日03:01 UT);(c)SDO/HMI拍摄的视向光球磁图(2024年5月8日03:00 UT);(d)~(e)SDO/AIA拍摄的131 Å和304 Å的图像;(f)CHASE拍摄的Hα线心的图像

, figureFileSmall=aF1Rn8KoAIzNHHcI9I9Lqg==, figureFileBig=lIX0PJHpTpDOSrZNTVP05Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144376428769453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=TZ4XQ6PeqJbTXZvAg9lpoA==, figureFileBig=JEEq9XQQxbHnPwv2/OT7QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144376516849841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, label=图2, caption=爆发概况总览

(a)ASO−S/HXI硬X射线(10~20 keV,紫色曲线)和GOES软X射线(1~8 Å,黑色曲线)的光变曲线,3条竖直的红色虚线表示3个耀斑峰值时刻;(b)~(e)展示了SDO/AIA和CHASE分别在131 Å((b)(d))和Hα线心((c)(e))拍摄的爆发前和爆发后的核心活动区的图像

, figureFileSmall=TZ4XQ6PeqJbTXZvAg9lpoA==, figureFileBig=JEEq9XQQxbHnPwv2/OT7QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144376579764402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jpAm8ryAUfUhJq0i2zUaEg==, figureFileBig=ToDwhFSIBXjmHEzE0cVdcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144376638484661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, label=图3, caption=热通道HC1的演化

(a)~(c)AIA 131 Å的3幅图像显示了HC1的初始爆发过程,粉色箭头标记热通道HC1;(b)中的红/绿等值线表示SDO/HMI观测的视向磁图的正/负磁极。(d)~(f)为与(a)~(c)对应的3幅AIA 304 Å图像;图(e)~(f)中的蓝色等值线表示HXI在03:24 UT的10~20 keV成像,其中,HXI成像使用了“CLEAN”的算法进行图像重构

, figureFileSmall=jpAm8ryAUfUhJq0i2zUaEg==, figureFileBig=ToDwhFSIBXjmHEzE0cVdcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144376701399223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=l7O21UpQ8lCsPc6ddw93aQ==, figureFileBig=XtQNcYy/Ke58kno322JUuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144376776896697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, label=图4, caption=热通道HC2的形成

(a)~(d)AIA 131 Å的4个时刻的观测图像,粉色箭头标记热通道HC2;(c)中的红/绿等值线表示SDO/HMI观测的视向光球磁图的正/负磁极;(e)~(h)为与(a)~(d)对应的AIA 304 Å观测图像;图(f)中的蓝色等值线表示HXI在04:27 UT的20~50 keV成像

, figureFileSmall=l7O21UpQ8lCsPc6ddw93aQ==, figureFileBig=XtQNcYy/Ke58kno322JUuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144376835616955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Wqn01ISvw26WXqno4sUl1g==, figureFileBig=6+GuaF7xx635zI8iFVUAMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144378299429054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, label=图5, caption=AIA 131 Å、131 Å差分、304 Å和LST/SDI图像中热通道HC1和HC2的爆发过程

(a)中的S1和S2分别表示HC1和HC2的初始爆发方向;(k)和(o)中的绿/粉色虚线箭头表示热通道爆发期间西部足点增亮的传播方向

, figureFileSmall=Wqn01ISvw26WXqno4sUl1g==, figureFileBig=6+GuaF7xx635zI8iFVUAMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144378362343615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=b5eWJU1PVVNuMmCmkWbgBA==, figureFileBig=oVb/RHWLW+iisPGGQZ54WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144378433646785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, label=图6, caption=爆发热通道的观测时距图

(a)~(b)(94 Å)和(c)~(d)(131 Å)分别显示沿2个热通道初始爆发方向(图 5(a)中slit1和slit2)的观测时距图, 热通道发HC1和HC2的外边缘分别用粉色和红色虚线标记

, figureFileSmall=b5eWJU1PVVNuMmCmkWbgBA==, figureFileBig=oVb/RHWLW+iisPGGQZ54WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144378492367043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5RcD4McJl4HrKXXhFAeNow==, figureFileBig=3nyz5SwtNekXELLTgEkcQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144378572058821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, label=图7, caption=爆发前的源区磁场分布及演化

(a)~(b)为SDO/HMI拍摄的爆发前的视向光球磁图和光球矢量磁图;(b)中的背景图显示磁场的垂直分量,蓝色(正)和红色(负)箭头表示横向磁场,其强度由箭头的长度表示;(c)背景图为矢量磁图的垂直分量,正(白色)和负(黑色)垂直磁场分量上的速度场分别由黑色和红色箭头表示;(d)为(a)中蓝框所包围区域内的正(红色)和负(蓝色)磁通量随时间的演化,插图显示了04:20~04:32 UT时间范围内磁通量变化的放大图

, figureFileSmall=5RcD4McJl4HrKXXhFAeNow==, figureFileBig=3nyz5SwtNekXELLTgEkcQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144378639167687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=FNB350U7eJ1FASXOvFq/tQ==, figureFileBig=NjmQD6bL1Mg16EOFOT+t1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144378702082249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, label=图8, caption=观测和非线性无力场模型对比

(a)为03:12 UT时刻的AIA 131 Å图像,红色点线表示热通道HC1;(b)~(c)背景图分别为03:12 UT的HMI光球视向磁图和非线性无力场模型中的磁扭缠分布图,蓝色、绿色、黄色和粉色曲线分别对应图 2中的暗条F1、F2、F3和F4,而红色曲线与(a)中的热通道HC1对应;(c)中的绿色等值线对应的磁扭缠数为−1

, figureFileSmall=FNB350U7eJ1FASXOvFq/tQ==, figureFileBig=NjmQD6bL1Mg16EOFOT+t1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144378773385419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IF+CDGOfbJMo8xp2CixbCg==, figureFileBig=0CaQyYN8ikZdPaUrOGTrYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242144378827911373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, language=CN, label=图9, caption=热通道HC2形成前和爆发后,活动区AR13664非线性无力场模型的对比

(a)和(b)中对应F1、F2、F3和F4的磁力线是从同一位置追踪的,例如粉线F4是从其右足点开始追踪的磁扭缠数大于0.7(局部放大图)的一组磁力线

, figureFileSmall=IF+CDGOfbJMo8xp2CixbCg==, figureFileBig=0CaQyYN8ikZdPaUrOGTrYg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1125356956822126595, delFlag=0, nameCn=科技导报, nameEn=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-7857, eissn=, cn=11-1421/N, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Rev, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1784015846012, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=K, firstLetterEn=K, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=自然科学, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, picEn=yjSfclmpNm7ihn9NbTZ69g==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283818766098219763, language=CN, name=科技导报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国科学技术协会, publishedBy=科技导报社, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/home, createdTime=1784015846037, updatedTime=1784015846037, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283818766144357108, language=EN, name=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/home, createdTime=1784015846048, updatedTime=1784015846048, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031591421210625, websiteList=[Website(id=1146104741081231361, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751182263881, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1751778001962, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科技导报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148021146403992296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751639170504, updateTime=1751639170504, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146378826469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751639170498, updateTime=1751639170498, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146366243556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1751639170495, updateTime=1751639170495, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146395603687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751639170502, updateTime=1751639170502, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146387215078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751639170500, updateTime=1751639170500, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1146105254833139715, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1751182386363, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753500121937, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science & Technology Review, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155838567709528217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753502988984, updateTime=1753502988984, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567692750998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753502988980, updateTime=1753502988980, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567688556693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1753502988979, updateTime=1753502988979, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567705333912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1753502988983, updateTime=1753502988983, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567701139607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1753502988982, updateTime=1753502988982, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科技导报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science & Technology Review, journalPhotoCn=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, journalPhotoEn=yjSfclmpNm7ihn9NbTZ69g==, journalFirstLetter=K, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=0.91, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00097, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00097, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00097, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00097, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1756310400000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
2024年5月特大地磁暴的首个太阳爆发触发过程研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
宿英娜 1, 2 , 欧雨迪 1, 2 , 张潇文 3 , 万双峰 1, 2 , 滕伟霖 1, 2 , 季海生 1, 2
科技导报 | 特色专题 2025,43(16): 105-113
收起
收藏切换
科技导报 |特色专题 2025 , 43 (16) : 105 -113
2024年5月特大地磁暴的首个太阳爆发触发过程研究
全屏
[Author(id=1242144374092542042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=ynsu@pmo.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374163845214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374092542042, language=EN, stringName=Yingna SU, firstName=Yingna, middleName=null, lastName=SU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374235148383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374092542042, language=CN, stringName=宿英娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023
2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026, bio={"content":"

宿英娜,研究员,研究方向为太阳物理,电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

宿英娜,研究员,研究方向为太阳物理,电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144373828300877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373840883790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373853466703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242144373928964178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373937352787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373945741396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026)])]), Author(id=1242144374298062945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374373560420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374298062945, language=EN, stringName=Yudi OU, firstName=Yudi, middleName=null, lastName=OU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374440669285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374298062945, language=CN, stringName=欧雨迪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023
2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144373828300877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373840883790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373853466703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242144373928964178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373937352787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373945741396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026)])]), Author(id=1242144374503583847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374604247146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374503583847, language=EN, stringName=Xiaowen ZHANG, firstName=Xiaowen, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3. College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374671356013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374503583847, language=CN, stringName=张潇文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3. 加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校文理学院,伯克利 94720, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144374012850262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144374021238871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144374012850262, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144374025433176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144374012850262, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校文理学院,伯克利 94720)])]), Author(id=1242144374746853489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374822350965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374746853489, language=EN, stringName=Shuangfeng WAN, firstName=Shuangfeng, middleName=null, lastName=WAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242144374893654136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374746853489, language=CN, stringName=万双峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023
2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144373828300877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373840883790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373853466703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242144373928964178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373937352787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373945741396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026)])]), Author(id=1242144374964957307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242144375065620608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374964957307, language=EN, stringName=Weilin TENG, firstName=Weilin, middleName=null, lastName=TENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242144375145312386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144374964957307, language=CN, stringName=滕伟霖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023
2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144373828300877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373840883790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373853466703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242144373928964178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373937352787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373945741396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026)])]), Author(id=1242144375212421252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242144375296307335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144375212421252, language=EN, stringName=Haisheng JI, firstName=Haisheng, middleName=null, lastName=JI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242144375359221896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, authorId=1242144375212421252, language=CN, stringName=季海生, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023
2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242144373828300877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373840883790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373853466703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373828300877, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242144373928964178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373937352787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242144373945741396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1208356305253811018, companyId=1242144373928964178, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026)])])]
宿英娜1, 2 , 欧雨迪1, 2, 张潇文3, 万双峰1, 2, 滕伟霖1, 2, 季海生1, 2
作者信息
  • 1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023
  • 2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026
  • 3. 加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校文理学院,伯克利 94720
Study on the initiation of the first solar eruption triggering the May 2024 geomagnetic storm
Yingna SU1, 2 , Yudi OU1, 2, Xiaowen ZHANG3, Shuangfeng WAN1, 2, Weilin TENG1, 2, Haisheng JI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 2. School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
  • 3. College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
出版时间: 2025-08-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00097
文章导航
收藏切换

重点研究了2024年5月10—11日特大地磁暴事件的系列太阳爆发的“先锋官”,即发生在5月8日的X1.0级耀斑的触发过程。多波段观测显示,该事件的太阳源区包含2个密不可分的活动区AR13668和AR13664。活动核心区存在4个暗条,相应的高温波段表现为4组亮的热冕环结构,对应非线性无力场模型中的1个扭缠磁绳和3个弱扭缠的剪切磁拱。分析X1.0级耀斑的复杂触发过程,发现其伴随2个M级耀斑和2个热通道的爆发。发生在第1个M级耀斑期间的热通道HC1的爆发为热通道HC2形成后便迅速进入快速上升相提供了有利条件,而HC2的快速上升又推进了HC1的快速爆发,最终二者合并为一体成功抛出后,形成一个晕状日冕物质抛射。多波段观测和非线性无力场联合分析表明,热通道HC2的形成是光球磁对消引发的2组剪切磁拱的缰绳截断磁重联所致,该过程发生在第2个M级耀斑期间,随后热通道HC2的快速上升触发了X1.0级耀斑的开始。揭示了2024年5月特大地磁暴的首个日面爆发触发的复杂过程,即多个耀斑和热通道爆发的耦合,推动对极端空间天气事件日面爆发的触发过程的深入理解。

地磁暴  /  太阳耀斑  /  日冕物质抛射  /  热通道  /  磁场

This article focuses on the triggering process of an X1.0 class flare that occurred on May 8, which is the first event in a series of solar eruptions related to the massive geomagnetic storm event on May 10-11, 2024. Multi-wavelength observations show that the solar source region of this event is composed of two closely-related active regions, AR 13668 and AR 13664. There are four filaments in the core area of the activity, and the corresponding high-temperature observations exhibit four sets of bright corona loops, corresponding to one twisted magnetic flux rope and three weakly twisted sheared magnetic arcades in the nonlinear force-free field model. The complex triggering process of X1.0 class flares is analyzed, and it is found that they are associated with the eruption of two M-class flares and two hot channels. The eruption of the hot channel HC1 during the first M-class flare provides favorable conditions for the fast rise of the hot channel HC2 after its formation, which in turn propels the fast rise of HC1. Eventually, the two hot channels merge and successfully erupt, forming a halo coronal mass ejections. The joint analysis of multi-wavelength observations and nonlinear force-free field shows that the formation of the hot channel HC2 is caused by the tether-cutting magnetic reconnection of two sheared magnetic arcades triggered by the magnetic flux cancellation. This process occurs during the second M-class flare, and the fast rise of the hot channel HC2 subsequently triggers the onset of the X1.0 class flare. The study reveals the complex triggering process of the first X-class solar flare related to the massive geomagnetic storm in 2024 May, which involves coupling between multiple flares and hot channel eruptions, deepening our understanding of the triggering process of extreme space weather events in the source region.

geomagnetic storm  /  solar flare  /  coronal mass ejection  /  hot channel  /  magnetic field
宿英娜, 欧雨迪, 张潇文, 万双峰, 滕伟霖, 季海生. 2024年5月特大地磁暴的首个太阳爆发触发过程研究. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (16) : 105 -113 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00097
Yingna SU, Yudi OU, Xiaowen ZHANG, Shuangfeng WAN, Weilin TENG, Haisheng JI. Study on the initiation of the first solar eruption triggering the May 2024 geomagnetic storm[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (16) : 105 -113 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00097
由具有地磁效应的太阳风暴引发的剧烈空间天气已被公认为一种自然灾害。研究表明,约每50~100年发生一次的极端地磁暴事件[1],可能引发技术系统的大规模瘫痪,但预测这类太阳风暴及其具体影响仍存在显著挑战。2024年5月10—11日,发生了自2003年11月以来最强的地磁暴,其Dst指数峰值达到−412 nT[2]。此极端空间天气事件源自2024年5月8—9日在太阳活动区13668/13664发生的4个与X级或M级太阳耀斑相关的晕状日冕物质抛射(coronal mass ejections,CME)在传播期间的相互作用。这本质上是一种“完美风暴”,即多种因素共同作用,最终导致了一场异常规模的地磁暴[3]
采用基于物理信息神经网络(physics−informedneural networks)的NF2非线性无力场外推代码对该太阳源区开展三维磁场重构,研究发现约90% 的耀斑事件与相对自由磁能的减少有关[1]。研究关注的爆发事件期间均存在异常强烈的磁通量浮现,这些爆发沿极性反转线(polarity inversion line,PIL)在碰撞剪切作用下产生[4]
2024年4月30日出现在日面东边缘的AR13664与随后数日浮现的AR13668合并形成一个复杂的超级活动区[3],如图 1所示。在随太阳自转从东向西运动的过程中,该活动区连续产生了一系列M/X级耀斑和CME,其中包括12个X级耀斑[5]。在本研究中,重点关注引发2024年5月特大地磁暴的太阳源区爆发事件中的首个X1.0级耀斑的触发和演化过程。
美国SDO(太阳动力学天文台,Solar DynamicsObservatory)[6]的全日面观测覆盖了爆发全过程:大气成像组件(atmospheric imaging assembly,AIA)[7]可以提供7个远紫外(EUV)波段(94 Å、131 Å、171 Å、193 Å、211 Å、304 Å、335 Å)图像,时间分辨率为12 s,空间分辨率1.2";日震与磁场成像仪(Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager,HMI)[8]提供时间分辨率为45 s的视向磁图、多普勒速度图和时间分辨率720 s的矢量磁图,空间分辨率为1"。本文用到了搭载在中国“夸父一号”(Advanced Space−based Solar Observatory,ASO−S)卫星[9]上的全日面矢量磁像仪(Full−disk vector Magnetograph,FMG)[1011]、莱曼阿尔法太阳望远镜(Lyman−alpha Solar Telescope,LST)[12]和太阳硬X射线成像仪(Hard X−ray Imager,HXI)[13]的观测数据。其中,FMG利用磁敏感线Fe I 5234.19 Å,通过斯托克斯偏振测量获取全日面光球磁场数据,像素大小为0.55",时间分辨率为2 min。全日面成像仪(solar disk imager,LST/SDI)提供Lyα波段的全日面成像,像素大小为0.5",空间分辨率为9.5",时间分辨率分别可达1 min(常规模式)和6 s(爆发模式)。HXI是基于傅立叶空间调制的硬X射线成像仪,其空间分辨率可达3.1",时间分辨率可达4 s(常规模式)。Hα全日面太阳图像源自中国“羲和号”(Chinese HαSolar Explorer,CHASE)卫星[14]上搭载的Hα成像光谱仪(Hα Imaging Spectrograph,HIS),时间分辨率达1 min,每个像素为0.52"。
图 1展示了耀斑前活动区的多波段观测图像。ASO−S/FMG和SDO/HMI的视向光球磁图(图 1(a)~(c))显示源区磁场由2个活动区(AR13668和AR13664)的多对磁极构成,其结构十分复杂。对比几幅磁图可以看出,爆发前1天内,太阳源区尤其是核心活动区AR13664存在强烈的磁浮现过程。活动核心区存在多组热冕环(图 1(d)),其足点表现为多条亮带(图 1(e)),相应的CHASE卫星的Hα观测呈现出多个暗条(图 1(f))。
图 2(a)中的GOES卫星软X射线光变曲线显示,研究关注的X1.0级耀斑峰值在05:09 UT。研究发现,在此之前1.5 h内发生的M1.8级(峰值时刻03:27 UT)和M3.6级(峰值时刻04:30 UT)耀斑均与该X1.0级耀斑密切相关。AIA 131 Å观测显示爆发前活动核心区存在4组高度剪切的热冕环(图 2(b)中的L1、L2、L3、L4),与CHASE/Hα观测图像(图 2(c))中的4个暗条(F1、F2、F3、F4)对应。爆发前的4组热冕环在爆发后演化为一组拱形冕环(图 2(d))。而与之对应的4个暗条在爆发前后并无显著变化,如 图 2中的CHASE/Hα在爆发前后的图像(图 2(c)(e))所示。
接下来展示整个爆发的演化过程。在03:02 UT,主体位于活动区AR 13668的热通道HC1开始出现,如图 3第1行的粉色虚线所示。随后,该热通道缓慢上升并不断扩张,如图 3中第1行的131 Å序列图像所示。热通道HC1的上升发生在第1个M1.8级耀斑期间,在131 Å和304 Å图像中分别出现增亮的冕环和耀斑带(图 3)。该耀斑期间冕环和耀斑带最亮的区域位于活动区13664,与HXI在10~20 keV的源(图 3(e)(f))在空间位置上一致。
热通道HC1上升一段时间后,原冕环L3开始显著增亮,随后形成一个跨越L3的新热通道HC2,如 图 4中第1行的AIA 131 Å序列图像所示。相应的304 Å序列图像显示,增亮的原冕环L3区出现显著增亮的亮带(图 4第2行),与HXI 20~50 keV波段探测到硬X射线源空间位置一致(图 4(f))。热通道HC2的形成过程发生在M3.6耀斑期间。
热通道HC2形成之后便迅速开始快速上升,在与位于其上方的热通道HC1合并后,形成一个跨越2个活动区的大尺度热通道,最后一起抛射出去,如 图 5第1行(131 Å)和第2行(131 Å差分)的时间序列图像所示。合并后的热通道在后续上升过程中不断向西部扩张,对应AIA 304 Å和LST/SDI观测到的亮点的滑动(图 5(k)(o),绿/ 粉色带箭头的虚线所示)。2个热通道的合并和上升过程发生在X1.0级耀斑的上升相,其间原冕环L3处的增亮一直最强,而AR13668和AR13664的其他区域也呈现出不同强度的亮环(图 5的第1、2行)和亮带(图 5的第3、4行)。热通道成功抛射出去后,X1.0级耀斑达到峰值(05:09 UT)。
为了更好地分析2个热通道的爆发过程,沿图 5(a)中2个热通道的爆发方向(S1和S2)做了94 Å和131 Å的观测时距图,如图 6所示。图 6中显示热通道HC1自03:00 UT开始上升(速度:50.5 km/s)直至03:40 UT左右,之后上升速度变得极其缓慢。大约1 h后,热通道HC2形成后便快速上升(速度:119.9 km/s),没有经历缓慢上升阶段,随后位于其上方的热通道HC1也进入快速上升阶段(速度:85.4 km/s)。从图 6中可以看出热通道HC2快速上升开始时刻比热通道HC1稍早,且HC2上升速度更快。
X1.0级耀斑期间,最亮的冕环和耀斑带对应的光球磁场是一对紧密靠近的磁极(P1, N1),如图 7(a)中蓝框所示。这对磁极之间的矢量磁场呈现出高度剪切特征,即横场方向(红蓝箭头)几乎与两者之间的极性反转线平行,如图 7(b)中局部放大的光球矢量磁图。Wang等[4]指出这对磁极之间存在碰撞剪切。图 7(b)显示磁极(P1, N1)西部的一对磁极(P2, N2)也是高度剪切的。光球磁场随时间的长期演化表明,磁极N1一直在向西部快速移动,不断挤压P1。磁极N2也在不断向西快速移动,而磁极P2主体呈现出顺时针旋转运动,靠近磁中性线的部分呈现出向东运动的趋势,如图 7(c)中的光球速度图显示。图 7(a)中蓝框区域中的正负磁通量随时间的演化曲线(图 7(d))表明,在3个耀斑期间的大部分时间里,N1和P1的极性反转线附近区域内的磁通量(尤其是负磁通量)在增大,而热通道HC2形成前10 min内出现短时间的显著磁对消。负磁通量的增大主要是因为磁极N1的向西运动导致更多负磁通量进入蓝框区域,而10 min左右短时间的显著对消与热通道的形成紧密相关。
了解日冕磁场的三维结构是理解太阳爆发触发机制的前提。由于观测技术限制,目前尚无法对日冕磁场进行常规直接观测,因此发展了多种利用光球磁场来重建日冕磁场的方法[15]。为了进一步研究热通道HC2的形成和X1.0级耀斑的触发,采用“最优化法”[16],以03:12 UT的HMI光球矢量磁场为边界,构建了该活动区的三维非线性无力场模型。
图 8展示了AIA 131 Å的观测和非线性无力场模型的对比。观测中的4组亮冕环L1~L4(图 8(a))与模型中的4组磁力线F1~F4(图 8(b))对应,这些磁力线还与图 2中CHASE/Hα图像的4个暗条的位置和形状符合较好。而观测的热通道HC1与模型中对应的磁场结构在形态上有些差别。图 8(c)显示HC1和F1为磁扭缠数[17]大于1的磁通量绳结构,而其他3组磁力线的磁扭缠数均小于1,对应弱扭缠的剪切磁拱。
图 9展示了热通道HC2形成前和爆发后该活动区的非线性无力场模型的对比。从图中可以看出,HC2形成前后,磁拱F2和F4发生显著变化,即HC2形成后同一位置可追踪的2组磁力线都减少了。具体而言,图 9中的局部放大磁扭缠分布图显示扭缠数大于0.7的面积减小了。模型中磁拱F2和F4中磁力线的减少,再结合热通道HC2形成的观测及其形成前10 min的磁极P1和N1之间的磁对消,推测热通道HC2的形成是源自光球磁对消引发的剪切磁拱F2和F4之间的缰绳截断(tether−cutting)磁重联[18]
2024年5月10—11日发生了自2003年11月以来最强的地磁暴事件,Dst峰值指数达到−412 nT。该极端空间天气事件的太阳爆发源头为AR13668和AR13664发生的一系列大耀斑和晕状CME。本文采用多波段观测和非线性无力场外推,重点分析其中的首个X1.0级耀斑的触发过程。
该事件的太阳爆发源区的磁场结构和2024年5月8日X1.0级耀斑的触发过程均十分复杂。爆发前核心区存在多个暗条和亮的热冕环。在X1.0级耀斑之前1.5 h内发生的2个M级耀斑和2个热通道的爆发均与该耀斑的触发密切相关,然而活动区的暗条均未发生显著变化。第1个M级耀斑伴随热通道HC1的出现和爆发,而该热通道在以50.5 km/s的速度上升到一定高度后,便进入了长达1 h的极其缓慢的上升阶段。接下来,碰撞剪切极性反转线附近的光球磁对消引发的缰绳截断磁重联导致热通道HC2的形成,其形成过程伴随第2个M级耀斑。有趣的是,热通道HC2形成之后,并未经历常见的缓慢上升阶段,而是迅速以119.9 km/s的速度直接进入快速上升阶段,随后X1.0级耀斑开始。HC2的爆发又促进了位于其上方的热通道HC1的快速(85.4 km/s)上升,最终2个热通道合并为一体成功抛射出去,并产生一个速度为530 km/s的晕状CME。
研究表明,该特大地磁暴事件由多个大耀斑及伴随的晕状CME相互作用所致。其中的首个X1.0级耀斑的触发伴随2个M级耀斑和2个热通道的爆发。发生在第1个M级耀斑期间的热通道HC1的爆发,为第2个M级耀斑期间热通道HC2形成后迅速进入快速上升阶段提供了有利条件,而HC2的快速上升又进一步推进HC1的快速爆发和X1.0级耀斑的开始。本研究揭示了特大地磁暴源区爆发的复杂性,展示了多个耀斑和磁绳的相继爆发与相互作用可能是引起这次“完美风暴”的首个X1.0级耀斑的原因。
  • 中国科学院基础与交叉前沿科研先导专项(B类)(XDB0560000)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0503001)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA1600502)
  • 国家自然科学基金委员会面上项目(12173092)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Weiler E , Mostl C , Davies E E , et al. First observations of a geomagentic superstorm with a Sub-L1 monitor[J]. Space weather, 2025, 23 (3): arXiv: 2411.12490v3.
2
Jarolim R , Veronig A M , Purkhart S , et al. Magnetic field evolution of the solar active region 13664[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2024, 976 (1): L12.
3
Liu Y D , Hu H D , Zhao X W , et al. A pileup of coronal mass ejections produced the largest geomagnetic storm in two decades[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2024, 974 (1): L8.
4
Wang R , Liu Y D , Zhao X W , et al. Unveiling key factors in solar eruptions leading to the solar superstorm in 2024 May[J]. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2024, 692: A112.
5
Li Y , Liu X F , Jing Z C , et al. Various features of the X-class white-light flares in super active region NOAA 13664[J]. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2024, 972 (1): L1.
6
Pesnell W D , Thompson B J , Chamberlin P C . The solar dynamics observatory (SDO)[J]. Solar Physics, 2012, 275 (1-2): 3- 15.
7
Lemen J R , Title A M , Akin D J , et al. The atmospheric imaging assembly (AIA) on the solar dynamics observatory (SDO)[J]. Solar Physics, 2012, 275 (1-2): 17- 40.
8
Scherrer P H , Schou J , Bush R I , et al. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Investigation for the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)[J]. Solar Physics, 2012, 275 (1-2): 207- 227.
9
Gan W Q , Zhu C , Deng Y Y , et al. The advanced space-based solar observatory (ASO-S)[J]. Solar Physics, 2023, 298 (5): 68.
10
Su J T , Bai X Y , Chen J , et al. Data reduction and calibration of the FMG onboard ASO-S[J]. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2019, 19 (11): 161.
11
Liu S , Su J T , Bai X Y , et al. The magnetic-field calibration of the full-disk magnetograph onboard the advanced space based solar observatory (ASO-S/FMG)[J]. Solar Physics, 2023, 298 (12): 141.
12
Feng L , Li H , Chen B , et al. The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) for the ASO-S mission-Ⅲ. data and potential diagnostics[J]. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2019, 19 (11): 162.
13
Su Y , Liu W , Li Y P , et al. Simulations and software development for the hard X-ray imager onboard ASO-S[J]. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2019, 19 (11): 163.
14
Li C , Fang C , Li Z , et al. The Chinese Hα solar explorer (CHASE) mission: An overview[J]. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2022, 65 (8): 289602.
15
Su Y N . Studying solar eruptions from reconstructed magnetic field[J]. Acta Astronomica Sinica, 2019, 60 (1): 2.
16
Wiegelmann T , Inhester B . How to deal with measurement errors and lacking data in nonlinear force-free coronal magnetic field modelling?[J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2010, 516: A107.
17
Liu R , Kliem B , Titov V S , et al. Structure, stability, and evolution of magnetic flux ropes from the perspective of magnetic twist[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2016, 818 (2): 148.
18
Moore R L , Sterling A C , Hudson H S , et al. Onset of the magnetic explosion in solar flares and coronal mass ejections[J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2001, 552 (2): 833- 848.
2025年第43卷第16期
PDF下载
1539
770
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00097
  • 接收时间:2025-04-21
  • 首发时间:2025-12-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-21
  • 修回日期:2025-06-09
基金
中国科学院基础与交叉前沿科研先导专项(B类)(XDB0560000)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0503001)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA1600502)
国家自然科学基金委员会面上项目(12173092)
作者信息
    1. 中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京 210023
    2. 中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥 230026
    3. 加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校文理学院,伯克利 94720
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00097
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏