Article(id=1207358807286583578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1207293801786347529, articleNumber=null, orderNo=19, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.11.01613, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=1, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1722182400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-29, revisedDate=1731859200000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765786371299, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1749744000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1750867200000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1733414400000, onlineFirstDateStr=2024-12-06, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765786371299, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774079267836, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1207293801786347529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='116', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749744000000', pubDateStr='2025-06-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765770872748, creator='system', updateTime=1774330933326, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243197298025545972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1207293801786347529, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243197298025545973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1207293801786347529, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=45, endPage=50, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207358808477765972, articleId=1207358807286583578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Pollutants purification in environmental processes and self-purifying city, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the pollution control of China entering a critical stage and the proposal of "dual carbon" targets, traditional pollution control technologies face numerous challenges in terms of synergistic reduction of carbon and pollutant emissions and coordinated control of pollutions in multiple media. There is an urgent need to explore a new paradigm for pollution control. To tackle the complex issue of urban environmental pollution, this work expands pollution control efforts from emission sources to environmental processes, offering a promising new approach.The self-purification function of urban environment can be enhanced through artificial technologies, and the pollutants can be purified in environmental processes under natural conditions by light, heat, wind, oxygen, and water. Furtherly, through coupling the artificial enhanced environmental self-purification technologies for gas-water-soil multi-medium, a "self-purifying city" can be constructed. The artificial enhanced self-purification technologies and "self-purifying city" would provide a new growth point for environmental protection, consolidate the current achievements of pollution source emission control, and ensure the continuous improvement of environmental quality. This paper introduces the theories and technologies of artificial enhanced self-purification and "self-purifying city" and provides an outlook on future research in this area.

, authors=null, authorsList=Wenpo SHAN, Jinzhu MA, Biwu CHU, Yaoyang XU, Chao CAI, Qinglin CHEN, Zhaoji ZHANG, Xin LU, Hong HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1207358809396318576, articleId=1207358807286583578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=污染物环境过程净化与自净城市构建, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着中国污染控制进入深水区和“双碳”目标的提出,传统污染源治理技术在碳污协同减排和多介质污染协同控制等方面面临诸多挑战,亟需探索环境治理新范式。针对城市环境复合污染治理难题,将污染控制由排放源拓展至环境过程,论述了通过人工手段强化城市环境的自净功能,利用自然界的光、热、风、氧、水等条件实现污染物的环境过程净化,耦合气-水-土多介质人工强化环境自净技术构建“自净城市”,有望成为环境保护工作新的增长点,从而巩固当前污染源排放控制的成果,保障环境质量持续改善。在此基础上,对污染物环境过程净化、自净城市的理论与技术进行了介绍,如将气–水–土多介质人工强化环境自净技术在城市区域进行多场景、多过程、全方位应用,以提升城市环境容量,持续改善城市环境质量,并对城市环境污染物自净过程与机制、人工强化自净材料与技术、多介质环境自净应用策略与方案、城市环境自净能力评估4方面提出了发展建议。

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单文坡,研究员,研究方向为大气污染控制,电子信箱:

马金珠(共同第一作者),研究员,研究方向为大气污染控制,电子信箱:

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贺泓(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为环境催化与大气霾化学,电子信箱:
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污染物环境过程净化与自净城市构建
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单文坡 1 , 马金珠 2 , 楚碧武 2 , 徐耀阳 1 , 蔡超 1 , 陈青林 1 , 张召基 1 , 卢新 1 , 贺泓 1, 2, *
科技导报 | 特色专题 2025,43(11): 45-50
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科技导报 |特色专题 2025 , 43 (11) : 45 -50
污染物环境过程净化与自净城市构建
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单文坡1 , 马金珠2 , 楚碧武2, 徐耀阳1, 蔡超1, 陈青林1, 张召基1, 卢新1, 贺泓1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1. 中国科学院城市环境研究所, 厦门 361021
  • 2. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085
通讯作者:
贺泓(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为环境催化与大气霾化学,电子信箱:
Pollutants purification in environmental processes and self-purifying city
Wenpo SHAN1 , Jinzhu MA2 , Biwu CHU2, Yaoyang XU1, Chao CAI1, Qinglin CHEN1, Zhaoji ZHANG1, Xin LU1, Hong HE1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
  • 2. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
出版时间: 2025-06-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.11.01613
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随着中国污染控制进入深水区和“双碳”目标的提出,传统污染源治理技术在碳污协同减排和多介质污染协同控制等方面面临诸多挑战,亟需探索环境治理新范式。针对城市环境复合污染治理难题,将污染控制由排放源拓展至环境过程,论述了通过人工手段强化城市环境的自净功能,利用自然界的光、热、风、氧、水等条件实现污染物的环境过程净化,耦合气-水-土多介质人工强化环境自净技术构建“自净城市”,有望成为环境保护工作新的增长点,从而巩固当前污染源排放控制的成果,保障环境质量持续改善。在此基础上,对污染物环境过程净化、自净城市的理论与技术进行了介绍,如将气–水–土多介质人工强化环境自净技术在城市区域进行多场景、多过程、全方位应用,以提升城市环境容量,持续改善城市环境质量,并对城市环境污染物自净过程与机制、人工强化自净材料与技术、多介质环境自净应用策略与方案、城市环境自净能力评估4方面提出了发展建议。

城市环境  /  多介质污染  /  环境过程净化  /  人工强化自净  /  自净城市

With the pollution control of China entering a critical stage and the proposal of "dual carbon" targets, traditional pollution control technologies face numerous challenges in terms of synergistic reduction of carbon and pollutant emissions and coordinated control of pollutions in multiple media. There is an urgent need to explore a new paradigm for pollution control. To tackle the complex issue of urban environmental pollution, this work expands pollution control efforts from emission sources to environmental processes, offering a promising new approach.The self-purification function of urban environment can be enhanced through artificial technologies, and the pollutants can be purified in environmental processes under natural conditions by light, heat, wind, oxygen, and water. Furtherly, through coupling the artificial enhanced environmental self-purification technologies for gas-water-soil multi-medium, a "self-purifying city" can be constructed. The artificial enhanced self-purification technologies and "self-purifying city" would provide a new growth point for environmental protection, consolidate the current achievements of pollution source emission control, and ensure the continuous improvement of environmental quality. This paper introduces the theories and technologies of artificial enhanced self-purification and "self-purifying city" and provides an outlook on future research in this area.

urban environment  /  multimedia environment pollution  /  pollutants purification in environmental processes  /  artificial enhanced self-purification  /  self-purifying city
单文坡, 马金珠, 楚碧武, 徐耀阳, 蔡超, 陈青林, 张召基, 卢新, 贺泓. 污染物环境过程净化与自净城市构建. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (11) : 45 -50 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.11.01613
Wenpo SHAN, Jinzhu MA, Biwu CHU, Yaoyang XU, Chao CAI, Qinglin CHEN, Zhaoji ZHANG, Xin LU, Hong HE. Pollutants purification in environmental processes and self-purifying city[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (11) : 45 -50 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.11.01613
改革开放以来,中国经历了世界历史上规模最大、速度最快的城镇化进程,人口城镇化率从1978年的17.9% 增长到2023年的66.2%,并产生了多污染物、多过程和多介质的城市环境复合污染问题。以燃烧产生的氮氧化物(NOx)为例,从污染源排放以后进入大气,经过一系列的大气环境过程,可以引发灰霾、光化学烟雾、酸雨等污染问题;NOx经过沉降进入水体以后,可以影响水体pH值,并导致水体富营养化;进入土壤以后,可以引发土壤酸化;同时,在微生物作用下,水体和土壤中的含氮物种可以转化为氧化亚氮(N2O)返回到大气中,而N2O是一种强温室气体,其温室效应是二氧化碳(CO2)的298倍(图 1[12]。可见,城市环境多介质复合污染问题复杂且难以有效控制。
当前,国内外污染控制均以污染源减排为主。污染源减排技术的不断升级与推广应用,在环境质量改善过程中发挥了巨大作用,污染物排放总量显著下降。但是,源减排有一定限度,目前很多污染源减排已经接近极限,即使标准更加严格,减排潜力并不大,代价甚高。以NOx排放控制领域广泛采用的选择性催化还原(NH3−SCR)技术为例,该技术对燃煤烟气和柴油车尾气NOx的净化效率已经超过90%,进一步减排空间有限、技术难度大、成本高、收益低;该技术在工业源的应用中,为了匹配催化剂的工作温度区间,很多应用场景下需要额外补热提升烟气温度,同时,NOx净化过程中需要大量消耗氨(NH3)作为还原剂,并且产生副产物N2O,使得该技术在“减污”的同时却明显“增碳”[34]。此外,NOx是形成臭氧(O3)污染的关键前体物,与挥发性有机物(VOCs)共同影响近地面大气O3浓度,但由于O3与其前体物浓度之间的非线性关系,决定了现阶段仅从污染源减排前体物难以有效解决O3污染问题[56]。另一方面,一些高效的污水处理技术和土壤修复技术也往往伴随较高的能耗和碳排放。因此,在污染控制新形势下,亟需探索环境治理新范式,提出基于环境过程控制的新思路,提升环境自净能力,最终达成污染负荷与环境自净的平衡,实现可持续发展。
一次排放的污染物在环境介质中会发生复杂的二次转化,成为城市环境复合污染形成的重要原因。但另一方面,污染物的迁移转化也可以起到自然净化作用。自然界气、水、土多介质和其中的生物圈,对各种污染物都具有一定的环境容量,也都具有一定的自净能力。在一次污染物减排潜力减弱、二次污染物难以有效控制、环境质量进一步改善难度加大的背景下,通过环境工程手段强化城市的环境自净能力,借助自然界的光、热等关键因子驱动环境污染物的催化净化和生物净化,有望在环境污染精准治理中发挥重要作用,在人口聚集区取得显著的健康收益,有效支撑美丽中国建设和双碳目标的实现。
污染物从污染源经过处理后排入环境,然后在大气、水体和土壤介质之间迁移转化,并在物理、化学或生物作用下由一次污染物生成二次污染物(图 1)。排放到大气环境中的NOx、VOCs、NH3等污染物经过一系列大气化学、光化学反应,生成细颗粒物(PM2.5)和O3等二次污染物,引发灰霾和光化学烟雾,产生严重的大气污染问题;排放入水体的无机汞在微生物作用下,可以转变为毒性更强的二次污染物甲基汞;土壤和底泥中的有机物、含N与含S物质在微生物作用下,可以生成CH4、N2O、NH3、H2S等强温室气体和污染物。
污染物进入环境后,其治理远比污染源控制复杂,难度更大,需要多介质、多过程、多污染物协同控制。尤其对于流动性大、扩散范围广的大气污染物,目前缺少环境过程净化技术的工程应用案例。环境具有一定的自净能力,污染物在气−水−土环境介质中可以通过物理、化学和生物过程实现自然净化,逐渐降低浓度和环境危害,使环境质量得到恢复。但是,环境自净能力有限,当进入环境的污染物超过环境自然自净能力时,环境污染就会发生,尤其在污染排放连续且集中的城市区域[7]。因此,非常有必要针对城市环境复合污染治理难题,将污染控制由排放源拓展至环境过程。通过人工手段,模拟污染物在环境过程中的净化机制,强化环境自净功能,促进污染物的环境过程净化,巩固当前污染源排放控制成果,形成环境保护工作新思路,保障环境质量持续改善。
在当前污染源减排潜力受限,环境质量改善难度加大的背景下,通过人工手段强化城市环境的自净功能,利用自然界的光、热、风、氧、水等条件实现污染物的环境过程净化,有望成为污染源控制的重要途径,有效支撑“双碳”目标的实现,并在城市等人口聚集区取得显著的健康效益。以光催化和常温催化为技术基础,贺泓等提出了“环境催化城市”概念,通过将城市中的建筑物内外、硬化地面等表面涂覆催化材料,即可在自然界的光、热等条件下实现环境中低浓度气态污染物自发催化净化[8]。在此基础上,若将环境自净进一步拓展至多介质,则可以利用更为丰富的人工强化技术实现城市环境自净。具代表性的人工强化自净技术如下。
1)常温催化技术。
常温催化技术可以全天候净化污染物,耐久长效,且受季节、区位影响较小,是理想的人工强化环境自净技术。目前,研究较多的污染物常温催化净化技术主要是O3催化分解和甲醛(HCHO)催化氧化,亟需对相关研究进行拓展和延伸,使该技术适用于更多污染物和更多场景的环境自净。
近年来,中国O3污染日益严重,以O3为首要污染物的天数比例不断增加。影响O3污染的因素非常复杂,仅靠前体物排放控制短期内难以有效控制O3污染。另一方面,O3分解反应是放热反应,在热力学上可行,因此可以利用O3分解催化剂实现大气环境O3持续分解为O2。目前,该技术研究已经较为成熟,基于过渡金属的低成本催化剂可以在高空速、高湿度、常温条件下连续稳定实现O3分解[911],并且已经在北京等地开展了环境大气O3催化净化应用示范,具有非常好的应用前景。
人类大部分时间是在室内环境中生活,因此,室内空气质量对人体健康有着重要影响。甲醛是室内常见的污染物质,来源广泛,对人体健康有严重危害。贵金属催化剂在室温条件下,可以将甲醛完全氧化为CO2和H2O[12],安全高效,但贵金属昂贵的价格限制了其广泛应用。因此,研究人员们致力于低贵金属和非贵金属催化剂研究,并逐步降低了甲醛常温氧化催化剂的合成成本,实现了在室内空气净化领域的规模化应用。由于其常温催化净化特点,该类催化剂可以与涂料、墙布、窗帘等产品结合使用,在多场景下连续稳定净化室内甲醛。
2)光催化技术。
光催化技术净化污染物的工作原理是光催化剂在太阳光照射下产生光生电子和空穴,迁移到催化剂表面并与吸附的H2O和O2等分子反应,产生具有强氧化性的羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧自由基(·O2),进而与污染物发生反应将其氧化或矿化。大气环境中的重要污染物NOx、VOCs、硫氧化物(SOx)、NH3等均可利用光催化技术进行净化[1315]。NOx和SOx可以在光催化剂表面被矿化为硝酸盐和硫酸盐,进而通过降雨等过程被清除,进入水体或土壤,催化剂得到再生;VOCs和NH3可以在光催化剂表面被氧化为CO2、N2和H2O。TiO2是研究最多的半导体光催化剂,可以应用于多种污染物的光催化净化,并且成本低廉,具有非常好的应用前景。但是,光催化技术应用于人工强化环境自净功能尚有诸多问题需要解决,污染物净化效率、产物选择性、催化剂稳定性均有待进一步提升。
3)湿地净化技术。
人工湿地是一类模仿自然湿地生境特征和环境过程,以降解城市源污染物的水体自净强化系统。基于自然系统物理特征的生境营造是人工湿地技术实现城市水体污染物自净的核心,例如,空间位置、大小、形状、结构、孔径、表面粗糙度等几何参数的优化设计,关系到湿地微生物、植物和动物的生物多样性及其对多种污染物协同净化的综合效率[1617]。基质是湿地净化系统中的关键功能材料,亦称湿地自净材料,如种类繁多的生物炭。基质的粒度和空隙等物理结构以及对污染物的吸附能力,是湿地生物繁殖和生长环境营造必须优先考虑的关键性能指标。湿地微生物主要包括细菌、真菌和古菌,具有分布广、数量多、代谢和作用类型多样等特点,承担起水体中含氮化合物和有机物的主要净化功能,其脱氮过程主要包括硝化、反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、异化硝酸盐还原为铵等[1819]。挺水植物、沉水植物和浮水植物等湿地植物不仅能直接吸收转化氮、磷和重金属离子等污染物,还可以为微生物和动物提供栖息场所。湿地动物包括浮游动物、底栖动物和小型鱼类等消费者,不仅能够摄食含碳和氮等有机颗粒物以维持湿地生态系统物质和能量平衡,其多样性也是湿地净化功能的“指示器”[16, 20]。滞留时间是决定自然湿地环境过程的水力学核心参数,其长短关系到湿地微生物和植物对污染物的净化效率,是调控人工湿地自净强化的关键变量[21]。目前,人工湿地技术已广泛应用于水体净化,随着人工智能在环境领域的应用和发展,其支撑下的湿地净化技术创新将成为城市水体环境自净强化领域的重要方向,例如生境智能设计和营造、基质的智能生产和填充、生物种类的智能遴选和优化、水力智能调控等系列新技术。
4)土壤生物修复技术。
土壤的自净能力主要来自复杂多样的净化功能。土壤颗粒可以对污染物起截留过滤作用;土壤胶体对污染物起吸附、交换作用;土壤中的化学组分可以利用氧化还原作用使污染物的赋存形态发生变化;土壤的水动力条件可以影响污染物的运移和空间分布;土壤生物可以利用自身的代谢功能,对土壤中的污染物吸收或转化,实现低成本、可持续的原位处理,提高环境自净能力。土壤生物修复技术中,植物修复和微生物修复是人工强化土壤环境自净的重点技术。植物修复对土壤重金属修复效果良好,但对有机污染物的降解效率有限,且对重度污染土壤修复效果有限[22]。植物修复是比较理想的人工强化环境自净方法,可以通过对植被物种的优选和改良,在净化土壤污染物的同时发挥绿化和固碳作用,但对于富集重金属等污染物的植物体需要进行无害化处置。此外,由于植物修复技术具有修复效率低和地理气候依赖性强等局限性,在一定程度上影响了其广泛应用。微生物修复主要是利用微生物的代谢将土壤污染物去除或稳定化,该技术对土壤无机污染物和有机污染物均具有较好的修复效果,尤其是土壤有机污染物的自净主要通过微生物群落的降解作用实现。土壤中的生物和非生物因素,包括微生物群落组成、温度、电子受体、盐度和压力、基质和理化性质等都会影响微生物修复过程,可以通过调控土壤中的关键因子影响污染物的迁移和转化,实现人工强化自净功能[23]
在城市化的进程中,人口、产业和交通的高度集中导致污染物的高强度排放,尽管国家已经下大力气进行污染治理,但污染物排放量仍会在一定条件下超过气−水−土等环境介质的自净能力,致使环境污染问题未得到彻底解决,严重制约美丽中国建设进程。随着污染治理的深入,城市污染源减排逐渐接近极限,排放标准更加严格,产生的经济代价巨大且收效有限。提升城市环境自净能力,实现环境自净化与污染负荷的平衡是推动城市高质量发展的新质生产力。将气−水−土多介质人工强化环境自净技术在城市区域进行多场景、多过程、全方位应用,可以显著提升城市环境容量,持续改善城市环境质量,构建自净城市。自净城市主要指基于自然界的自净功能,耦合人工强化技术,实现大气、水体、土壤污染物多介质低碳/零碳环境自净化的城市(图 2)。
自净城市的建设需要在人与自然和谐共生的理念下,将人工强化环境自净理论融入城市规划、市政工程、环保战略,面向城市多介质污染物协同净化需求,在多场景中耦合多技术,实现多污染物的高效协同自净。同时,需要建立城市自净效果评估方法与智慧管理系统,动态评估自净效果和城市环境容量,实现自净城市的智慧管控。
自净城市概念的提出将污染控制由源减排延伸至环境过程净化,为解决城市环境复合污染问题提出了新路径,提供了新范式,但相关理论方法与技术体系仍然十分欠缺。为此,需要重点建立人工强化的城市环境自净理论与方法体系,开发气−水−土多介质耦合的污染物人工强化自净关键技术,构建城市自净效果评估方法与智慧管理平台,开展区域环境多介质高效协同自净应用示范。以下几个方面的工作可以为自净城市的构建提供关键支撑。
1)城市环境污染物自净过程与机制。核算区域环境污染物排放与环境容量,针对多介质复合污染关键污染物的自然迁移转化过程,阐明其跨介质多界面迁移转化规律,定量评估环境自净过程在气−水−土等环境介质中的环境效应,识别多介质污染体系中环境自净的关键限速步骤,并进一步针对性地强化城市环境的自净过程,为构建城市环境自净理论提供科学基础。
2)人工强化自净材料与技术。面向城市大气、水体、土壤污染物净化需求,识别人工强化自净的关键环节和环境过程,研究气态污染物常温催化净化、水体物化生化协同自净、土壤−微生物协同增效等关键技术,重点突破高性能自净材料设计合成与应用技术,形成面向不同应用场景的人工强化自净解决方案。
3)多介质环境自净应用策略与方案。面向气−水−土多介质耦合污染物净化需求,研究城市环境关键污染物(如含氮、含碳污染物)的跨介质迁移转化机制。建立污染物动态平衡关系,集成气−水−土自净技术,建设区域环境污染物多介质自净示范工程,实现城市环境污染物多介质协同净化。
4)城市环境自净能力评估。由于城市开放环境的复杂性,污染物的排放、扩散、传输以及自然自净过程和人工强化自净过程耦合在一起,强化自净效果的准确评估十分困难。需要结合观测和模拟手段解析环境质量和污染排放量、环境自净量的高时空分辨响应关系,基于深度学习和频率变换等大数据算法构建自净强化成效智慧化评估技术体系和智能决策系统,为自净强化技术的规模化应用提供保障。
  • 国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(22188102)
  • 中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2023-JB-05-11)
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2025年第43卷第11期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.11.01613
  • 接收时间:2024-07-29
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2025-06-13
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-29
  • 修回日期:2024-11-18
基金
国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(22188102)
中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2023-JB-05-11)
作者信息
    1. 中国科学院城市环境研究所, 厦门 361021
    2. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085

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贺泓(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为环境催化与大气霾化学,电子信箱:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.11.01613
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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