Article(id=1157769350020255960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1157769345825947680, articleNumber=null, orderNo=17, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.08.01026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1724083200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-20, revisedDate=1733155200000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753963323358, onlineDateStr=2025-07-31, pubDate=1737993600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1739894400000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-02-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753963323358, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774079393834, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1157769345825947680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737993600000', pubDateStr='2025-01-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753963322359, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774330990473, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243197537721627315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1157769345825947680, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243197537721627316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1157769345825947680, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=42, endPage=51, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1157769351043666140, articleId=1157769350020255960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Micro-LED display technology: Present status, challenges, and future perspectives, columnId=1157769347117793317, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive: New Display Science and Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhe ZHUANG, Bin LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bin LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1157769367414034757, articleId=1157769350020255960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=Micro-LED新型显示技术的现状、挑战及展望, columnId=1157769347289759783, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题:新型显示科学与技术专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

微型发光二极管(Micro-LED)具有较好的稳定性,是当前高亮显示应用的最佳选择,其具有高对比度、低响应时间、宽工作温区、低能耗和广视角等优势,成为当前产业界和学术界比较看好的新型显示技术。综述了Micro-LED新型显示技术的原理,对比其与现有技术的性能,从材料、器件、集成和成本良率等几个角度探讨了Micro-LED新型显示技术的关键技术挑战。未来3~5年内,Micro-LED显示技术仍然会在材料、器件、集成等技术方面存在技术创新和重大突破的关键机会,该技术支撑着未来显示产业的发展,也是中国科技创新引领全球的一次重要科技革命。建议鼓励创新,营造良好的科技创新环境,通过产学研合作解决当前Micro-LED新型显示技术的关键问题。同时发挥市场和社会资本的作用,引导产业遵循技术发展和商业发展规律。Micro-LED显示产业尽管仍面临技术挑战,但增强现实等近眼显示设备的推出,可能彻底革新现有的显示产品形态,Micro-LED显示产业市场将可能迎来爆发式增长。

, authors=

庄喆,助理教授,研究方向为宽禁带半导体材料与器件,电子信箱:

, authorsList=庄喆, 刘斌, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘斌, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘斌(通信作者),教授,研究方向为宽禁带半导体材料与器件,电子信箱:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=YwwUYUp8XNnUP7K/83I/8A==, magXml=YwwUYUp8XNnUP7K/83I/8A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=UnXZbIFPddMgOXfSenS5LA==, pdfFileSize=1563084, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=2IvM/Ut+FDWzPsOJsidZlg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+hGA0wvVM3/xw7Mtku9CCA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1242142274268771070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zzhuang@nju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242142274369434370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, authorId=1242142274268771070, language=EN, stringName=Zhe ZHUANG, firstName=Zhe, middleName=null, lastName=ZHUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
2. School of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215163, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242142274444931846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, authorId=1242142274268771070, language=CN, stringName=庄喆, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. 南京大学江苏省光电信息功能材料重点实验室, 南京 210093
2. 南京大学集成电路学院, 苏州 215163, bio={"content":"

庄喆,助理教授,研究方向为宽禁带半导体材料与器件,电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

庄喆,助理教授,研究方向为宽禁带半导体材料与器件,电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242142273996141297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274004529906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142273996141297, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274008724211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142273996141297, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 南京大学江苏省光电信息功能材料重点实验室, 南京 210093)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242142274092610294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274100998902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142274092610294, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215163, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274109387511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142274092610294, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 南京大学集成电路学院, 苏州 215163)])]), Author(id=1242142274520429320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=bliu@nju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242142274616898316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, authorId=1242142274520429320, language=EN, stringName=Bin LIU, firstName=Bin, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, *, address=1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
3. School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242142274679812878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, authorId=1242142274520429320, language=CN, stringName=刘斌, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, *, address=1. 南京大学江苏省光电信息功能材料重点实验室, 南京 210093
3. 南京大学电子科学与工程学院, 南京 210093, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242142273996141297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274004529906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142273996141297, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274008724211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142273996141297, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 南京大学江苏省光电信息功能材料重点实验室, 南京 210093)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242142274172302073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274180690683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142274172302073, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274189079291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142274172302073, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 南京大学电子科学与工程学院, 南京 210093)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1242142276235899669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Micro-LED displays), Keyword(id=1242142276311397143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Micro-LED chips), Keyword(id=1242142276370117401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=technical challenges), Keyword(id=1242142276445614875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=industrial development), Keyword(id=1242142276537889565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=Micro-LED新型显示), Keyword(id=1242142276609192735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=Micro-LED芯片), Keyword(id=1242142276676301601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=技术挑战), Keyword(id=1242142276743410467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=产业发展)], refs=[Reference(id=1242142277234144038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=欧阳钟灿. 新型显示技术在崛起[N]. 人民日报, 2022-09-13(20)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142277301252903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=History of display technology[EB/OL]. [2024-01-20]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_display_technology., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142277389333288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=105, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=Huang Y G, Hsiang E L, Deng M Y, journalName=Light, Science & Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Huang Y G , Hsiang E L , Deng M Y , et al. Mini-LED, micro-LED and OLED displays: Present status and future perspectives[J]. Light, Science & Applications, 2020, 9: 105., articleTitle=Mini-LED, micro-LED and OLED displays: Present status and future perspectives, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142277448053545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1002/jsid.1058, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=6, pageStart=446, pageEnd=465, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=Hsiang E L, Yang Z Y, Yang Q, journalName=Journal of the Society for Information Display, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Hsiang E L , Yang Z Y , Yang Q , et al. Prospects and challenges of mini-LED, OLED, and micro-LED displays[J]. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 2021, 29 (6): 446- 465., articleTitle=Prospects and challenges of mini-LED, OLED, and micro-LED displays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142277506773802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1063/1.98799, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1987, volume=51, issue=12, pageStart=913, pageEnd=915, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=Tang C W, VanSlyke S A, journalName=Applied physics letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Tang C W , VanSlyke S A . Organic electroluminescent diodes[J]. Applied physics letters, 1987, 51 (12): 913- 915., articleTitle=Organic electroluminescent diodes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142277565494059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LG signature z988 inch class 8k smart OLED TV w/AI ThinQ (87.6''Diag)[EB/OL]. [2024-01-20]. https://www.lg.com/us/tvs/lg-OLED88Z9PUA-signature-oled-8k-tv., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142277645185836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1038/s41928-022-00828-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=5, issue=9, pageStart=564, pageEnd=573, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=Behrman K, Kymissis I, journalName=Nature Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Behrman K , Kymissis I . Micro light-emitting diodes[J]. Nature Electronics, 2022, 5 (9): 564- 573., articleTitle=Micro light-emitting diodes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142277712294702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1364/OE.27.00A746, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=27, issue=12, pageStart=746, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=Gou F W, Hsiang E L, Tan G J, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Gou F W , Hsiang E L , Tan G J , et al. Angular color shift of micro-LED displays[J]. Optics Express, 2019, 27 (12): 746., articleTitle=Angular color shift of micro-LED displays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142277775209263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1002/jsid.764, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=27, issue=4, pageStart=199, pageEnd=206, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=Gou F W, Hsiang E L, Tan G J, journalName=Journal of the Society for Information Display, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Gou F W , Hsiang E L , Tan G J , et al. High performance color-converted micro-LED displays[J]. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 2019, 27 (4): 199- 206., articleTitle=High performance color-converted micro-LED displays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142277846512433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1088/2515-7647/acf972, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=5, issue=4, pageStart=042502, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=Lin C C, Wu Y R, Kuo H C, journalName=Journal of Physics: Photonics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Lin C C , Wu Y R , Kuo H C , et al. The micro-LED roadmap: status quo and prospects[J]. Journal of Physics: Photonics, 2023, 5 (4): 042502., articleTitle=The micro-LED roadmap: status quo and prospects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142277913621299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1002/adfm.201502870, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=36, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=Zhuang Z, Guo X, Liu B, journalName=Advanced Functional Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zhuang Z , Guo X , Liu B , et al. High color rendering index hybrid Ⅲ nitride/nanocrystals white lightemitting diodes[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2016, 26 (1): 36- 43., articleTitle=High color rendering index hybrid Ⅲ nitride/nanocrystals white lightemitting diodes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142277976535860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1002/adma.201904354, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=32, issue=27, pageStart=1904354, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=Liu B, Chen D J, Lu H, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Liu B , Chen D J , Lu H , et al. Hybrid light emitters and UV solar-blind avalanche photodiodes based on Ⅲ-nitride semiconductors[J]. Advanced Materials, 2020, 32 (27): 1904354., articleTitle=Hybrid light emitters and UV solar-blind avalanche photodiodes based on Ⅲ-nitride semiconductors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278047839030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1038/s41566-021-00783-1, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=449, pageEnd=455, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=Park J, Choi J H, Kong K, journalName=Nature Photonics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Park J , Choi J H , Kong K , et al. Electrically driven mid-submicrometre pixelation of InGaN micro-light-emitting diode displays for augmented-reality glasses[J]. Nature Photonics, 2021, 15: 449- 455., articleTitle=Electrically driven mid-submicrometre pixelation of InGaN micro-light-emitting diode displays for augmented-reality glasses, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278106559287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1002/aelm.201800617, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=5, issue=3, pageStart=1800617, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=Um J G, Jeong D Y, Jung Y, journalName=Advanced Electronic Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Um J G , Jeong D Y , Jung Y , et al. Active-matrix GaN μ-LED display using oxide thin-film transistor backplane and flip chip LED bonding[J]. Advanced Electronic Materials, 2019, 5 (3): 1800617., articleTitle=Active-matrix GaN μ-LED display using oxide thin-film transistor backplane and flip chip LED bonding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278177862456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yadavalli K, Chuang C L, El-Ghoroury H S. Monolithic and heterogeneous integration of RGB micro-LED arrays with pixel-level optics array and CMOS image processor to enable small form-factor display applications[C] //Proceedings of Optical Architectures for Displays and Sensing in Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality (AR, VR, MR). SPIE, 2020: 746., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278244971322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1002/jsid.662, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=26, issue=4, pageStart=223, pageEnd=228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=Gou F W, Chen H W, Li M C, journalName=Journal of the Society for Information Display, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Gou F W , Chen H W , Li M C , et al. Motion-blur-free LCD for high-resolution virtual reality displays[J]. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 2018, 26 (4): 223- 228., articleTitle=Motion-blur-free LCD for high-resolution virtual reality displays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278303691579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1364/OE.25.012915, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=25, issue=11, pageStart=12915, pageEnd=12925, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=He J, Chen H W, Chen H, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference= He J , Chen H W , Chen H , et al. Hybrid downconverters with green perovskite-polymer composite films for wide color gamut displays[J]. Optics Express, 2017, 25 (11): 12915- 12925., articleTitle=Hybrid downconverters with green perovskite-polymer composite films for wide color gamut displays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278416937788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1002/sdtp.11562, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=48, issue=1, pageStart=13, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=Hosoumi S, Yamaguchi T, Inoue H, journalName=SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Hosoumi S , Yamaguchi T , Inoue H , et al. 3-4:Ultra-wide color gamut OLED display using a deep-red phosphorescent device with high efficiency, long life, thermal stability, and absolute BT.2020 red chromaticity[J]. SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 2017, 48 (1): 13- 16., articleTitle=3-4:Ultra-wide color gamut OLED display using a deep-red phosphorescent device with high efficiency, long life, thermal stability, and absolute BT.2020 red chromaticity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278513406781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1364/PRJ.428168, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=9, pageStart=1796, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=Zhuang Z, Iida D, Velazquez-Rizo M, journalName=Photonics Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zhuang Z , Iida D , Velazquez-Rizo M , et al. 630-nm red InGaN micro-light-emitting diodes (20μm×20μm) exceeding 1 mW/mm2 for full-color micro-displays[J]. Photonics Research, 2021, 9 (9): 1796., articleTitle=630-nm red InGaN micro-light-emitting diodes (20μm×20μm) exceeding 1 mW/mm2 for full-color micro-displays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278609875774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1063/1.125841, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=76, issue=5, pageStart=631, pageEnd=633, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=Jin S X, Li J, Li J Z, journalName=Applied physics letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Jin S X , Li J , Li J Z , et al. GaN microdisk light emitting diodes[J]. Applied physics letters, 2000, 76 (5): 631- 633., articleTitle=GaN microdisk light emitting diodes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278685373247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1063/1.1351521, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=78, issue=9, pageStart=1303, pageEnd=1305, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=Jiang H X, Jin S X, Li J, journalName=Applied physics letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Jiang H X , Jin S X , Li J , et al. Ⅲ-nitride blue microdisplays[J]. Applied physics letters, 2001, 78 (9): 1303- 1305., articleTitle=Ⅲ-nitride blue microdisplays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278752482112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Day J, Li J, Lie D Y C, et al. Ⅲ-nitride full-scale high-resolution microdisplays[J]. 2011, 99(3): 031116., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278827979585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Crystal LED[EB/OL]. [2024-01-20]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_LED., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278924448578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Samsung homepage[EB/OL]. [2024-01-20]. https://www.samsung.com/us/business/displays/direct-view-led/the-wall., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142278995751747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=015012, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=Wong M S, Nakamura S, DenBaars S P, journalName=ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Wong M S , Nakamura S , DenBaars S P . Review-progress in high performance Ⅲ-nitride micro-light-emitting diodes[J]. ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 2019, 9 (1): 015012., articleTitle=Review-progress in high performance Ⅲ-nitride micro-light-emitting diodes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142279054472004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1088/1361-6641/ac3962, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=013001, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=Iida D, Ohkawa K, journalName=Semiconductor Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Iida D , Ohkawa K . Recent progress in red light-emitting diodes by Ⅲ-nitride materials[J]. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 2022, 37 (1): 013001., articleTitle=Recent progress in red light-emitting diodes by Ⅲ-nitride materials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142279113192261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1002/pssr.201600059, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=10, issue=6, pageStart=480, pageEnd=484, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=Bulashevich K A, Karpov S Y, journalName=Physica Status Solidi (RRL)-Rapid Research Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Bulashevich K A , Karpov S Y . Impact of surface recombination on efficiency of Ⅲ-nitride light-emitting diodes[J]. Physica Status Solidi (RRL)-Rapid Research Letters, 2016, 10 (6): 480- 484., articleTitle=Impact of surface recombination on efficiency of Ⅲ-nitride light-emitting diodes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142279171912518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.7567/APEX.7.071003, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=7, issue=7, pageStart=071003, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=Hwang J I, Hashimoto R, Saito S, journalName=Applied Physics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Hwang J I , Hashimoto R , Saito S , et al. Development of InGaN-based red LED grown on (0001) polar surface[J]. Applied Physics Express, 2014, 7 (7): 071003., articleTitle=Development of InGaN-based red LED grown on (0001) polar surface, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142279226438471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=011004, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=28, authorNames=Pasayat S S, Gupta C, Wong M S, journalName=Applied Physics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Pasayat S S , Gupta C , Wong M S , et al. Demonstration of ultra-small (< 10μm)632 nm red InGaN micro-LEDs with useful on-wafer external quantum efficiency (> 0.2%) for mini-displays[J]. Applied Physics Express, 2020, 14 (1): 011004., articleTitle=Demonstration of ultra-small (< 10μm)632 nm red InGaN micro-LEDs with useful on-wafer external quantum efficiency (> 0.2%) for mini-displays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142280686056267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li P P, Li H J, Zhang H J, et al. Size-independent peak external quantum efficiency (>2%) of InGaN red micro-light-emitting diodes with an emission wavelength over 600 nm[J]. 2021, 119(8): 081102., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142280765748044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1063/1.5142538, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=116, issue=16, pageStart=162101, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=Iida D, Zhuang Z, Kirilenko P, journalName=Applied physics letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Iida D , Zhuang Z , Kirilenko P , et al. 633-nm InGaN-based red LEDs grown on thick underlying GaN layers with reduced in-plane residual stress[J]. Applied physics letters, 2020, 116 (16): 162101., articleTitle=633-nm InGaN-based red LEDs grown on thick underlying GaN layers with reduced in-plane residual stress, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142280870605645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=13, issue=3, pageStart=031001, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=Iida D, Zhuang Z, Kirilenko P, journalName=Applied Physics Express, AIP Advances, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Iida D , Zhuang Z , Kirilenko P , et al. Demonstration of low forward voltage InGaN-based red LEDs[J]. Applied Physics Express, AIP Advances, 2020, 13 (3): 031001., articleTitle=Demonstration of low forward voltage InGaN-based red LEDs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142280933520206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=6, pageStart=065125, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=Iida D, Kirilenko P, Velazquez-Rizo M, journalName=AIP Adoances, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Iida D , Kirilenko P , Velazquez-Rizo M , et al. Demonstration of 621-nm-wavelength InGaN-based single-quantum-well LEDs with an external quantum efficiency of 4.3% at 10.1 A/cm2[J]. AIP Adoances, 2022, 12 (6): 065125., articleTitle=Demonstration of 621-nm-wavelength InGaN-based single-quantum-well LEDs with an external quantum efficiency of 4.3% at 10.1 A/cm2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142280988046159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1063/1.5010762, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=123, issue=16, pageStart=160901, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=Mitchell B, Dierolf V, Gregorkiewicz T, journalName=Journal of Applied Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Mitchell B , Dierolf V , Gregorkiewicz T , et al. Perspective: Toward efficient GaN-based red light emitting diodes using europium doping[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2018, 123 (16): 160901., articleTitle=Perspective: Toward efficient GaN-based red light emitting diodes using europium doping, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281055155024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04781, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=19, issue=5, pageStart=2832, pageEnd=2839, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=Bi Z X, Lenrick F, Colvin J, journalName=Nano Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Bi Z X , Lenrick F , Colvin J , et al. InGaN platelets: Synthesis and applications toward green and red light-emitting diodes[J]. Nano Letters, 2019, 19 (5): 2832- 2839., articleTitle=InGaN platelets: Synthesis and applications toward green and red light-emitting diodes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281113875281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=12, issue=15, pageStart=17845, pageEnd=17851, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=Bi Z X, Lu T P, Colvin J, journalName=ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Bi Z X , Lu T P , Colvin J , et al. Realization of ultrahigh quality InGaN platelets to be used as relaxed templates for red micro-LEDs[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12 (15): 17845- 17851., articleTitle=Realization of ultrahigh quality InGaN platelets to be used as relaxed templates for red micro-LEDs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281189372754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1109/LED.2023.3335928, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=1, pageStart=76, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=Sang Y M, Zhuang Z, Xing K, journalName=IEEE Electron Device Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Sang Y M , Zhuang Z , Xing K , et al. Optimizing Al composition in barriers for InGaN amber micro-LEDs with high wall-plug efficiency[J]. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2024, 45 (1): 76- 79., articleTitle=Optimizing Al composition in barriers for InGaN amber micro-LEDs with high wall-plug efficiency, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281264870227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1364/PRJ.402555, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=11, pageStart=1671, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=37, authorNames=Zhang S N, Zhang J L, Gao J D, journalName=Photonics Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zhang S N , Zhang J L , Gao J D , et al. Efficient emission of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes: Toward orange and red[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8 (11): 1671., articleTitle=Efficient emission of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes: Toward orange and red, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281331979092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1002/adfm.202300042, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=26, pageStart=2300042, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=38, authorNames=Chen Z Y, Sheng B W, Liu F, journalName=Advanced Functional Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Chen Z Y , Sheng B W , Liu F , et al. High-efficiency InGaN red mini-LEDs on sapphire toward full-color nitride displays: Effect of strain modulation[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33 (26): 2300042., articleTitle=High-efficiency InGaN red mini-LEDs on sapphire toward full-color nitride displays: Effect of strain modulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281407476565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1063/5.0177137, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=123, issue=23, pageStart=232106, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=39, authorNames=Yu L M, Hao Z B, Luo Y, journalName=Applied physics letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Yu L M , Hao Z B , Luo Y , et al. Improving performances of ultra-small size (1~20μm) InGaN red micro-LEDs by growing on freestanding GaN substrates[J]. Applied physics letters, 2023, 123 (23): 232106., articleTitle=Improving performances of ultra-small size (1~20μm) InGaN red micro-LEDs by growing on freestanding GaN substrates, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281495556951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04933-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=608, issue=7921, pageStart=56, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=40, authorNames=Sheen M, Ko Y, Kim D U, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Sheen M , Ko Y , Kim D U , et al. Highly efficient blue InGaN nanoscale light-emitting diodes[J]. Nature, 2022, 608 (7921): 56- 61., articleTitle=Highly efficient blue InGaN nanoscale light-emitting diodes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281558471513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1021/acsnano.0c01180, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=14, issue=6, pageStart=6906, pageEnd=6911, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=41, authorNames=Bai J, Cai Y F, Feng P, journalName=ACS Nano, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Bai J , Cai Y F , Feng P , et al. Ultrasmall, ultracompact and ultrahigh efficient InGaN micro light emitting diodes (μLEDs) with narrow spectral line width[J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14 (6): 6906- 6911., articleTitle=Ultrasmall, ultracompact and ultrahigh efficient InGaN micro light emitting diodes (μLEDs) with narrow spectral line width, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281629774682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1364/PRJ.439741, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=12, pageStart=2429, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=42, authorNames=Zhuang Z, Iida D, Ohkawa K, journalName=Photonics Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zhuang Z , Iida D , Ohkawa K . Ultrasmall and ultradense InGaN-based RGB monochromatic micro-light-emitting diode arrays by pixilation of conductive p-GaN[J]. Photonics Research, 2021, 9 (12): 2429., articleTitle=Ultrasmall and ultradense InGaN-based RGB monochromatic micro-light-emitting diode arrays by pixilation of conductive p-GaN, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281709466460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1364/OL.438009, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=20, pageStart=5092, pageEnd=5095, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=43, authorNames=Zhuang Z, Iida D, Velazquez-Rizo M, journalName=Optics Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Zhuang Z , Iida D , Velazquez-Rizo M , et al. Ultra-small InGaN green micro-light-emitting diodes fabricated by selective passivation of p-GaN[J]. Optics Letters, 2021, 46 (20): 5092- 5095., articleTitle=Ultra-small InGaN green micro-light-emitting diodes fabricated by selective passivation of p-GaN, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281780769629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1038/s41565-021-00966-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=16, issue=11, pageStart=1231, pageEnd=1236, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=44, authorNames=Meng W Q, Xu F F, Yu Z H, journalName=Nature Nanotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Meng W Q , Xu F F , Yu Z H , et al. Three-dimensional monolithic micro-LED display driven by atomically thin transistor matrix[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2021, 16 (11): 1231- 1236., articleTitle=Three-dimensional monolithic micro-LED display driven by atomically thin transistor matrix, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281860461406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1038/s41565-022-01102-7, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=17, issue=5, pageStart=500, pageEnd=506, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=45, authorNames=Hwangbo S, Hu L, Hoang A T, journalName=Nature Nanotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Hwangbo S , Hu L , Hoang A T , et al. Wafer-scale monolithic integration of full-colour micro-LED display using MoS2 transistor[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2022, 17 (5): 500- 506., articleTitle=Wafer-scale monolithic integration of full-colour micro-LED display using MoS2 transistor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142281940153183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05889-w, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=617, issue=7960, pageStart=287, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=46, authorNames=Chang W, Kim J, Kim M, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Chang W , Kim J , Kim M , et al. Concurrent self-assembly of RGB microLEDs for next-generation displays[J]. Nature, 2023, 617 (7960): 287- 291., articleTitle=Concurrent self-assembly of RGB microLEDs for next-generation displays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142282019844960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1109/LED.2023.3285657, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=1320, pageEnd=1323, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=47, authorNames=Xu F F, Tao T, Zhang D Q, journalName=IEEE Electron Device Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Xu F F , Tao T , Zhang D Q , et al. Wafer-scale monolithic integration of blue micro-light-emitting diodes and green/red quantum dots for full-color displays[J]. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2023, 44 (8): 1320- 1323., articleTitle=Wafer-scale monolithic integration of blue micro-light-emitting diodes and green/red quantum dots for full-color displays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142282086953825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05612-1, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=614, issue=7946, pageStart=81, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=48, authorNames=Shin J, Kim H, Sundaram S, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Shin J , Kim H , Sundaram S , et al. Vertical full-colour micro-LEDs via 2D materials-based layer transfer[J]. Nature, 2023, 614 (7946): 81- 87., articleTitle=Vertical full-colour micro-LEDs via 2D materials-based layer transfer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242142282145674082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, doi=10.35848/1882-0786/aced7c, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=16, issue=8, pageStart=084001, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=49, authorNames=Saito T, Hasegawa N, Imura K, journalName=Applied Physics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Saito T , Hasegawa N , Imura K , et al. RGB monolithic GaInN-based μLED arrays connected via tunnel junctions[J]. Applied Physics Express, 2023, 16 (8): 084001., articleTitle=RGB monolithic GaInN-based μLED arrays connected via tunnel junctions, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242142273996141297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274004529906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142273996141297, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274008724211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142273996141297, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 南京大学江苏省光电信息功能材料重点实验室, 南京 210093)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242142274092610294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274100998902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142274092610294, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215163, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274109387511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142274092610294, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 南京大学集成电路学院, 苏州 215163)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242142274172302073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274180690683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142274172302073, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242142274189079291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, companyId=1242142274172302073, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 南京大学电子科学与工程学院, 南京 210093)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242142276911182628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pgIspVVecRHwTWhKny3k/Q==, figureFileBig=2IvM/Ut+FDWzPsOJsidZlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242142276982485797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1157769350020255960, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Micro-LED主要应用领域示意

图片来源:Yole Development公司的《Micro-LED技术与市场报告》

, figureFileSmall=pgIspVVecRHwTWhKny3k/Q==, figureFileBig=2IvM/Ut+FDWzPsOJsidZlg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1125356956822126595, delFlag=0, nameCn=科技导报, nameEn=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-7857, eissn=, cn=11-1421/N, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Rev, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1774230116083, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=自然科学, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, picEn=yjSfclmpNm7ihn9NbTZ69g==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1242774439910290156, language=CN, name=科技导报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国科学技术协会, publishedBy=科技导报社, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/home, createdTime=1774230116107, updatedTime=1774230116107, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1242774439960621805, language=EN, name=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/home, createdTime=1774230116119, updatedTime=1774230116119, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031591421210625, websiteList=[Website(id=1146104741081231361, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751182263881, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1751778001962, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科技导报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148021146403992296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751639170504, updateTime=1751639170504, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146378826469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751639170498, updateTime=1751639170498, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146366243556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1751639170495, updateTime=1751639170495, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146395603687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751639170502, updateTime=1751639170502, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146387215078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751639170500, updateTime=1751639170500, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1146105254833139715, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1751182386363, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753500121937, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science & Technology Review, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155838567709528217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753502988984, updateTime=1753502988984, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567692750998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753502988980, updateTime=1753502988980, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567688556693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1753502988979, updateTime=1753502988979, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567705333912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1753502988983, updateTime=1753502988983, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567701139607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1753502988982, updateTime=1753502988982, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科技导报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science & Technology Review, journalPhotoCn=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, journalPhotoEn=yjSfclmpNm7ihn9NbTZ69g==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=0.91, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=null, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.08.01026, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.08.01026, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.08.01026, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.08.01026, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1737993600000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
Micro-LED新型显示技术的现状、挑战及展望
收藏切换
PDF下载
庄喆 1, 2 , 刘斌 1, 3, *
科技导报 | 特色专题:新型显示科学与技术专题 2025,43(2): 42-51
收起
收藏切换
科技导报 | 特色专题:新型显示科学与技术专题 2025, 43(2): 42-51
Micro-LED新型显示技术的现状、挑战及展望
全屏
庄喆1, 2 , 刘斌1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1. 南京大学江苏省光电信息功能材料重点实验室, 南京 210093
  • 2. 南京大学集成电路学院, 苏州 215163
  • 3. 南京大学电子科学与工程学院, 南京 210093
  • 庄喆,助理教授,研究方向为宽禁带半导体材料与器件,电子信箱:

通讯作者:

刘斌(通信作者),教授,研究方向为宽禁带半导体材料与器件,电子信箱:
Micro-LED display technology: Present status, challenges, and future perspectives
Zhe ZHUANG1, 2 , Bin LIU1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
  • 2. School of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Suzhou 215163, China
  • 3. School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
出版时间: 2025-01-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.08.01026
文章导航
收藏切换

微型发光二极管(Micro-LED)具有较好的稳定性,是当前高亮显示应用的最佳选择,其具有高对比度、低响应时间、宽工作温区、低能耗和广视角等优势,成为当前产业界和学术界比较看好的新型显示技术。综述了Micro-LED新型显示技术的原理,对比其与现有技术的性能,从材料、器件、集成和成本良率等几个角度探讨了Micro-LED新型显示技术的关键技术挑战。未来3~5年内,Micro-LED显示技术仍然会在材料、器件、集成等技术方面存在技术创新和重大突破的关键机会,该技术支撑着未来显示产业的发展,也是中国科技创新引领全球的一次重要科技革命。建议鼓励创新,营造良好的科技创新环境,通过产学研合作解决当前Micro-LED新型显示技术的关键问题。同时发挥市场和社会资本的作用,引导产业遵循技术发展和商业发展规律。Micro-LED显示产业尽管仍面临技术挑战,但增强现实等近眼显示设备的推出,可能彻底革新现有的显示产品形态,Micro-LED显示产业市场将可能迎来爆发式增长。

Micro-LED新型显示  /  Micro-LED芯片  /  技术挑战  /  产业发展
Micro-LED displays  /  Micro-LED chips  /  technical challenges  /  industrial development
庄喆, 刘斌. Micro-LED新型显示技术的现状、挑战及展望. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (2) : 42 -51 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.08.01026
Zhe ZHUANG, Bin LIU. Micro-LED display technology: Present status, challenges, and future perspectives[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (2) : 42 -51 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.08.01026
显示技术,顾名思义,是指将信息转换为可视化的图案信号,并通过屏幕等输出设备呈现给人们的一种信息技术。显示技术的发展可以追溯到1897年阴极射线管(CRT)的发明,这是世界上最早的电子显示器,并于1922年成功实现商业化。最初的CRT显示器是单色的,主要应用于早期的黑白电视。随着1954年生产出第1支彩色CRT,CRT显示技术成为近半个多世纪的主流显示技术。直到2000年,CRT技术逐步被液晶显示(LCD)技术取代[1-2]
LCD主要基于液晶分子材料,这种材料在光学上表现出各向异性,其分子排列可以通过电压控制,从而改变光的偏振性能,通过上下偏振片、彩色滤光片和背光模组实现图像画面显示[3]。可以说,LCD技术是目前最成熟、产业链最完整的主流显示技术,已经广泛应用于智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等电子产品。目前,在迷你发光二极管(Mini LED)背光技术的推动下,液晶产品色域广、亮度和对比度高,在车载、家居、教育和医疗等各类应用场景中仍然占据主导地位。然而,LCD从机理上来讲是依靠背光模组发光的,液晶本身并不发光,由于采用多个光学组件来实现全彩化,其光亮度损失大,导致整个LCD技术电光转换效率低、能耗大。此外,液晶响应速度多在毫秒级别,对快速运动图像可能出现轻微拖尾现象[4]
为消除光学组件对光亮度的损失,科研人员开始从背发光LCD技术向主动自发光技术探索,有机发光二极管(OLED)和微发光二极管(Micro-LED)技术是其中最重要的2种代表性技术。继1987年第1支可实用化的OLED器件报道以来[5],过去几十年里OLED显示技术已经从实验室走向市场产品,并且近几年已经在8K高清显示屏上实现商业化应用[6]。值得一提的是,由于OLED自身的可弯曲特性,OLED显示在一些柔性可穿戴产品和曲面显示屏等方面具有显著优势。然而,OLED显示亮度仍然有限,通常在1000~10000 cd/m2,在一些很强的背景光环境下(如太阳光直射下)无法满足显示对比度要求[7]。另外,OLED器件寿命仍然是目前一个备受关注的技术挑战,特别是在峰值亮度附近工作时的寿命衰减问题,亟待解决。
相反,另一种自发光技术——Micro-LED显示技术由于采用的是无机化合物半导体材料(Ⅲ族氮化物半导体),其具有非常好的稳定性,寿命显著长于OLED显示芯片。更重要的是,已经证实Micro-LED亮度可达100万~1000万cd/m2,是OLED和LCD显示技术亮度的100~1000倍[7],成为高亮显示应用(如增强/虚拟现实眼镜、车载显示、机载显示)等的最佳选择(图 1)。除此之外,Micro-LED还具有高对比度、低响应时间、宽工作温区、低能耗和广视角等优势,成为当前产业界和学术界均比较看好的新型显示技术。
Micro-LED显示技术是利用Micro-LED器件构成独立的像素单元,由驱动电路独立控制显示面板上每个像素单元发光而形成图像。因此,从构成组件上来说,Micro-LED显示主要由Micro-LED像元和驱动电路2大部分组成。Micro-LED器件的基本原理和结构与传统照明芯片是类似的,其外延结构主要包括n型半导体层、有源区量子阱和p型半导体层,即典型的p-i-n型二极管结构。正是由于这种半导体电子-空穴复合发光的物理机制,Micro-LED器件才成为一种高效的发光光源,能够显著降低显示芯片功耗。
为了实现全彩显示,每个像素单元需要由红绿蓝(RGB)三色芯片构成。目前,全彩化主要有2种技术路线。第1种是直接采用红绿蓝三色芯片,这种方案中蓝绿光芯片采用Ⅲ族氮化物半导体材料,而红光则采用Ⅲ族磷化物半导体材料。由于红绿蓝三色芯片全采用电致发光芯片,因此被认为是最有希望实现高效和低能耗的全彩显示方案。当然,由于3种芯片的材料体系差异,其芯片集成后发光呈远场分布[8]和驱动电路[9]均会有明显差异,需要额外设计和优化。第2种是采用色转换原理,利用蓝光芯片激发绿光和红光量子点材料,或利用紫光芯片激发蓝绿红光量子点材料[10]。这种方法中电致发光芯片是统一的,因此,每个像素中三色芯片驱动电路从原理上来讲是基本一致的,有利于降低驱动电路的设计和制备复杂度。然而,这种方法实现红光和绿光发射主要是利用光致发光原理,类似于白光照明芯片中利用黄光荧光粉的技术方案,从发光机理上来讲存在中间能量损失过程[11-12],因此,不利于实现高效率和低能耗的技术需求。此外,红光或绿光量子点容易受到临近Micro-LED芯片的光激发,即光串扰问题,因此,三色芯片集成时需要额外的光挡墙设计[9]
在显示驱动电路方面,Micro-LED新型显示技术多采用有源驱动电路,通常每个像素均配备具有开关功能的晶体管和电荷存储电容,可以对每个像素进行独立控制。根据不同应用场景和Micro-LED像素单元大小,通常会采用不同类型驱动晶体管。对于像素密度在几百像素每英寸(pixel per inch,PPI)量级的显示应用,多采用薄膜晶体管,其沟道材料目前主要是低温多晶硅[13]和氧化物半导体(如铟镓锌氧(IGZO)薄膜)[14]等;而对于像素密度在上千PPI以上的显示应用(如虚拟/增强现实眼镜等),则多采用的是硅基互补金属氧化物半导体器件(complementary metal oxide semiconductor,CMOS)[15]。除了像素密度,柔性显示、透明显示等不同应用场景需求也会对驱动电路材料选择和设计制造起到决定作用。
1)环境对比度(ambient contrast ratio)。由于显示屏幕不可能在完全黑暗的光环境下使用,因此实际的环境对比度反映了显示平板受环境光的影响情况。环境对比度与显示面板的亮度,以及对环境光的反射率有关。根据文献[4]的计算仿真,在各种不同的环境光照下,Micro-LED显示平板均表现出了最高的环境对比度;而OLED的环境对比度会随着环境光亮度增强而快速下降。因此,在环境光不强时,OLED的环境对比度比LCD更高;而当环境光很强时,OLED的环境对比度则比LCD更低。
2)运动图像响应时间(motion picture response time)。尽管LCD的响应时间(毫秒级)比OLED(微秒级)和Micro-LED(纳秒级)要慢很多,但并不代表LCD一定会遭受严重的运动图像拖影。这是因为在描述一个移动物体的视觉感知时,不仅依赖于像素的响应时间,还依赖于晶体管的帧率和占空比。因此,运动图像响应时间是广泛接受的重要性能参数。通常情况下,Micro-LED和OLED的帧率时间远大于像素响应时间,所以在运动图像响应时间方面,Micro-LED和OLED是相当的。而LCD通过一些特殊设计同样可以将液晶响应时间降低到2 ms以下[16],在这种情况下,LCD运动图像响应时间可以与Micro-LED和OLED差不多。
3)色域(color gamut)。色域指标体现了全彩显示屏能够显示的色彩范围,通常采用Rec.2020作为标准色域范围,用百分比表示覆盖标准色域的范围[17-19]。对于采用RGB芯片的Micro-LED显示来说,由于绿光Micro-LED芯片的发光光谱半峰宽较宽(大于30 nm),因此,其整体的色域约占Rec.2020的80%。而LCD若采用量子点等窄线宽色转换材料,其色域约占Rec.2020的84%。OLED通常会采用谐振腔结构,因此谱线较窄,其色域可占Rec.2020的90%。因此,Micro-LED在色域方面仍然需要进一步提升,主要是要降低绿光Micro-LED的谱线宽度。
4)效率和功耗(efficiency and power consumption)。效率和功耗通常是一对相关的性能指标。通常情况下,自发光的OLED和Micro-LED显示技术比背光LCD技术效率更高。尽管OLED采用圆偏振片,发光效率会下降50%,但是总体来讲,效率仍然略高于Micro-LED芯片,这主要是由于随着Micro-LED芯片尺寸下降,其效率会逐渐下降所导致的。因此,当前功耗问题仍然是Micro-LED显示面临的重要技术问题。
5)成本(cost)。成本是最终决定Micro-LED显示能否走向市场并成功商用的关键指标。LCD显示技术最为成熟,因此其成本也最低。OLED在过去几十年的技术发展中制造良率也显著提升,成本已经控制在合理范围内。而Micro-LED处在商用化初期,受限于不同芯片尺寸的巨量转移良率,目前Micro-LED显示屏的价格仍然显著高于OLED和LCD显示屏。
当然,还有视角、寿命、柔性等相关性能参数,Micro-LED均表现出与OLED相当,甚至更优的性能。因此,从理论上讲,Micro-LED显示整体性能相较于OLED和LCD具有显著优势,但是由于技术成熟度低,目前仍然在高速发展阶段。
根据前文介绍,Micro-LED显示的芯片尺寸主要取决于应用场景。传统照明芯片的典型长度或宽度通常在300 µm以上,大功率芯片甚至达到1~2 mm。然而用于显示的Micro-LED芯片则通常在100 µm以下,长度或宽度的典型值为1~50 µm,而具体的芯片尺寸则通常由显示屏与人眼的距离决定。
由于人眼在1°视角范围内最多能分辨60个像素点,因此,在保证人眼最大分辨率的前提下,显示屏距离人眼越近,要求的像素间距越小,对应的像素密度要求就越高。例如,增强现实眼镜离人眼距离约1~3 cm,因此,对应的最大像素密度为2910~8731 PPI,像素间距为3~8 µm;而智能手表或手机的工作视距为20~30 cm,所以最大像素密度为291~437 PPI,像素间距为58~87 µm。虽然这些数据只是粗略估算,但是可以清楚地反映出Micro-LED工作视距对芯片尺寸和像素间距的影响。
Micro-LED显示技术以Micro-LED作为显示像素元,通过规模化集成和独立驱动控制来实现最终的图像显示。因此,Micro-LED显示面板的制造工艺涵盖了从基础材料、关键器件到系统集成的复杂技术链,主要分为以下几个部分。
1)Micro-LED材料外延。目前蓝绿光主要采用氮化镓基半导体,商用衬底主要采用硅或蓝宝石衬底;红光是磷化物半导体,主要采用的是砷化镓衬底。外延结构和工艺基本类似于传统照明LED技术。但要针对Micro-LED的特殊需求(如波长均匀性、效率等)开发一些优化结构和外延工艺。
2)Micro-LED器件制备。对于10 µm以上的大部分器件仍然采用LED照明的工艺线,只是在芯片尺寸和电极设计上可能有所差异。但对于10 µm以下特别微小的Micro-LED器件,需要使用步进式光刻机(stepper)工艺。同时,需要针对Micro-LED微缩化后的性能衰减和后续集成进行工艺优化和改进。
3)Micro-LED与驱动基板集成。目前主要有2种集成方案,一种是巨量转移方法,将Micro-LED芯片从衬底上剥离下来,通过中间载体转移到驱动基板上,通常叫作pick-and-place方法;此外,也可以不采用中间载体,直接通过微流控自组装的方式实现Micro-LED芯片与基板的精准定位集成。另一种是单片集成方法,通过晶圆级键合方式将LED外延晶圆和驱动基板集成在一起,然后去除LED晶圆背部衬底,从背面进行器件定义Micro-LED像素点。这种方法可以避免巨量转移过程中的良率降低问题,是一种高效的集成方式。
除此之外,Micro-LED显示还有缺陷检测和修复、光束整形和外部光学设计、全彩化等一系列加工制造工艺,是一项复杂的系统性工程。
Micro-LED的器件概念是2000年提出的,当时主要是面向氮化镓基蓝光LED的固态照明技术[20]。随着氮化镓基LED技术的快速发展,研究者发现,这些Micro-LED器件阵列如果独立寻址和控制,则可成为显示像素阵列。为此,第1个无源10×10氮化镓基蓝光Micro-LED显示阵列原型于2001年被提出来,每个Micro-LED像素由导电金属线进行互连,这就是早期的无源Micro-LED显示原型验证[21]。然而,受限于无源驱动单次只能控制一行,在同等电流下,扫描行数的增加会使占空比下降,使非选择时的行像素很快处于关断状态。因此,像素亮度与扫描行数成反比。换句话说,对于高像素阵列来讲,要实现相同的亮度,需要大幅等比例提高驱动电流。因此,无源驱动不利于实现高分辨率和高像素密度的显示阵列,人们开始转向有源驱动。
2011年,Micro-LED显示技术取得了重要突破,通过采用硅CMOS的集成电路(integrated circuit,IC)驱动,实现了640×480的显示面阵,并且能够实现视频图像的播放,这项技术也开启了Micro-LED显示应用的探索[22]。2012年,日本索尼公司发布了第1台大屏Micro-LED电视机,命名为Crystal LED display[23]。这一产品发布也预示着Micro-LED显示技术的商用化前景,同时也将Micro-LED显示技术带入了全球消费电子市场。为了提高制造良率,韩国三星公司采用了模组拼接技术,于2017年发布了146英寸Micro-LED平板电视“The Wall”[24]。自此之后,Micro-LED新型显示技术迎来了快速发展,大量研究人员和公司研发团队开始布局这一技术领域。
Micro-LED显示技术从实验室走向产业化应用的过程中,仍然面临着诸多的关键技术挑战,下面主要从材料、器件、集成、成本和良率等几个角度讨论。
1)在材料层面,Micro-LED芯片对材料缺陷的敏感度很高。因此,在异质外延过程中如何降低缺陷密度是Micro-LED显示的关键挑战;此外,Micro-LED显示屏可能集成上万,甚至几十万和上百万颗Micro-LED芯片,这些芯片的波长均匀性直接影响显示屏的显示效果。因此,从外延晶圆层面提高波长均匀性,是实现高质量Micro-LED显示的关键挑战。
另外,当前蓝绿红光Micro-LED芯片中,红光芯片效率最低,这主要是由于磷化物材料较快的表面复合速率所导致的。为了解决这一问题,采用和蓝绿光相同的氮化物半导体材料实现红光芯片成为了一种重要技术替代方案。然而,红光氮化物LED芯片需要高铟组分的铟镓氮量子阱。铟组分增加会导致晶格失配增大,需要降低生长温度,导致材料质量下降,因此,当前氮化物Micro-LED芯片的发光效率小于10%,距离蓝绿光20% 以上的效率仍然存在很大差距[25-26]
2)在器件层面,Micro-LED芯片主要受到“尺寸效应”的影响,即随着芯片尺寸降低,发光效率逐渐下降。这一效应目前普遍认为是由于Micro-LED芯片制造过程中刻蚀工艺所引起的。由于干法刻蚀会在芯片侧壁引入很多刻蚀缺陷,这些缺陷是非辐射复合中心,会在器件小电流工作条件下起主导作用,降低Micro-LED芯片效率。这种效应在磷化物红光Micro-LED芯片上尤为明显,这主要是与上述谈到的磷化物材料表面复合速率快有关[27]。因此,优化Micro-LED的像素化工艺是制造高效率Micro-LED芯片的关键技术挑战。
3)在集成层面,主要有2大集成方案。第一是与驱动电路基板的集成,若采用巨量转移方案,则存在衬底剥离时芯片碎裂、中间基底转移黏附性降低和倒装对准键合漏焊等问题,导致最终良率受限;若采用晶圆级键合方案,则存在键合过程中晶圆热失配和受力不均等问题,导致晶圆易碎裂。除了集成工艺外,薄膜晶体管(TFT)目前主要采用低温多晶硅(LTPS)和氧化物半导体,这些晶体管受限于迁移率而导致驱动能力有限,因此,常常出现功耗高、发热量大,以及难以微缩化的问题。
第二是Micro-LED红绿蓝三色芯片的集成,若采用三色芯片,则磷化物材料很脆,在转移过程中容易碎裂;若采用量子点色转换芯片,则量子点的大规模图形化及邻近像素点之间的光串扰问题仍然面临挑战。
4)成本和良率是阻碍Micro-LED显示技术产业化应用的最关键挑战。Micro-LED制造工艺复杂,涉及到材料、器件和集成等诸多环节。目前,制约Micro-LED显示良率主要在集成环节,无论是巨量转移还是晶圆键合,其工艺成熟度仍不高。当然,前道材料和器件工艺的良率可能也会影响到集成环节。正是因为良率受限和成本居高不下,Micro-LED显示目前主要停留在原型机和样机展示阶段,尚未实现大规模量产。
针对以上技术挑战,国内外众多研究机构和企业对Micro-LED技术链进行了全方位的探索和研究,使Micro-LED技术在近几年迅速发展。首先,从基础材料上来讲,Micro-LED全彩化显示中的红光芯片效率问题,成为了包括诺贝尔奖得主中村修二团队在内的众多科研团队攻关的重要方向。在2014年,日本东芝公司就研制出了铟镓氮量子阱红光LED器件,发光波长为629 nm,外量子效率是2.9%,这是当时最高的氮化物红光LED芯片效率[28]。2019年以后,中村修二团队、英国剑桥大学、沙特阿卜杜拉国王科技大学等报道了各自的技术方案,通过采用多孔氮化镓模板、氮化镓厚膜或氧化镓衬底、铝镓氮应变补偿等方法,成功将发光波长超过620 nm的红光LED芯片外量子效率提高到4.3%[29-33]。此外,国际上有采用稀土元素掺杂氮化镓薄膜、铟镓氮纳米线等技术方法来实现红光发光[34-36]。国内研究团队研究进展同样迅速,北京大学、清华大学、南昌大学、南京大学、中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所等研究团队先后报道了不同发光波长、不同衬底(蓝宝石、硅、氮化镓)的红光Micro-LED器件研究结果[37-40]。南昌大学报道的小电流注入条件下的10 µm红光Micro-LED芯片峰值波长为615 nm,量子效率达到26%,是目前国际报道的最高水平。此外,国内外也有一批企业正在开展这方面的研究,包括法国的Soitec公司、英国的Plessey公司和Porotech公司、韩国的Soft-Epi公司、美国Nanosys-Glo公司,以及中国的晶能光电公司和晶湛半导体公司等,采用了蓝宝石衬底、硅衬底或纳米线等不同的技术路线。
在器件制造上,Micro-LED的像素化工艺问题是研究重点。目前,主流的像素化方法是通过干法刻蚀台面形成像素隔离。为了降低干法刻蚀损伤,一方面,是使用低损伤刻蚀方法,另一方面,是对刻蚀侧壁进行湿法腐蚀修复和钝化层保护。目前大量报道的最常用方法是采用碱性溶液(如氢氧化钾溶液)进行湿法腐蚀,可以把刻蚀损伤去除。2022年,韩国三星显示公司在《Nature》上报道了一种溶胶凝胶法制备的二氧化硅侧壁钝化新方法,能够使亚微米LED器件仍然保持20% 以上的峰值外量子效率[41]。此外,为了从根本上避免刻蚀,也有一些新的Micro-LED像素化方法,例如,利用离子注入方法或氢等离子体钝化p型氮化镓方法实现像素隔离、选区直接外延生长等[13, 42-44]
在系统集成上,驱动晶体管除了传统的LTPS和氧化物外,研究人员发展了新型二维半导体材料晶体管驱动技术,通过直接外延生长或转移的方式实现与Micro-LED像素单元的单片异质集成[45-46]。此外,在Micro-LED巨量转移上,韩国LG公司在《Nature》上报道了一种流体自组装的三色Micro-LED同步转移技术,15 min完成转移,良率可达99.99%[47]。在量子点全彩化图层方面,研究人员从最初的喷涂式制备工艺,开始转向规模化的光刻图案化方法,大大提升了集成效率和图案化精度[48]
在产业化上,目前Micro-LED显示最先落地的产品最有可能是手表和车载显示,随后可能是增强现实虚拟现实等近眼显示设备。国外厂商包括苹果公司、Meta公司等均在积极布局和推动Micro-LED显示的消费级产品,国内天马微电子股份有限公司、维信诺公司、成都辰显光电有限公司、京东方科技集团股份有限公司、康佳集团股份有限公司等显示厂商也在近期不断有产品展出,相关的生产线开始逐步建立起来。因此,从国内外厂商的产品规划上来讲,未来2~3年内Micro-LED显示消费类产品一定会推出市场,成为重要的消费级卖点。
Micro-LED显示技术相关学术论文和专利数量呈现出爆发式增长趋势,学术界和产业界正在合作解决一些技术痛点问题。因此,在未来3~5年内,Micro-LED显示技术仍然会在材料、器件、集成等技术方面存在技术创新和重大突破的关键机会。
从材料上来说,红光芯片问题始终未能解决,无论是延续传统磷化物Micro-LED方案,还是采用氮化物Micro-LED技术,目前的效率仍然有待进一步提高。因此,从基础材料上实现突破,大幅提升红光Micro-LED芯片效率,特别是100℃高温下仍然能保持很好的发光性能一定是未来重要的技术发展趋势和目标。
另外,从规模化制造角度上讲,晶圆尺寸方面蓝宝石衬底已经开始从4英寸转向6英寸,而硅衬底已经开始从8英寸向12英寸迈进,国外ALLOS公司,国内晶能光电公司和晶湛半导体公司均已有相关报道。当然,在晶圆尺寸增大的同时,外延材料的均匀性、缺陷、翘曲等工程性问题需要进一步改善。
从器件制程工艺上讲,台面刻蚀依然会是主流的Micro-LED制程工艺。因此,在低损伤刻蚀、侧壁损伤修复、侧壁钝化方面仍然需要进一步优化。特别是刻蚀设备的开发和优化,可能可以从源头减少损伤的产生。此外,侧壁钝化层采用原子层沉积技术,也可以更大程度地保护侧壁,可能也会成为未来的一种主流的技术工艺方法。
从集成工艺上讲,巨量转移仍然是一个需要重点发展的技术方向,其中激光巨量转移可能成为最有潜力的方案,因为这种转移方式能够用于更小尺寸Micro-LED芯片(支持精度可小于2 µm),同时可实现超高转移效率(支持几十KK颗/h,几千万颗/h)。而巨量转移技术需要转移设备和工艺的联合开发,因此,巨转设备的研发也会成为Micro-LED产业化发展的关键技术。此外,与硅基CMOS的单片集成方案是增强现实和虚拟现实等近眼显示设备的主要技术路线,因此,采用8英寸以上Micro-LED晶圆与硅CMOS键合集成将成为主流。
从集成方式上来讲,三色芯片目前主要是采用水平集成的方式,即三色芯片在同一水平面上;未来极有可能从水平向垂直方向集成,例如,通过隧道结外延生长将氮化物红绿蓝光进行垂直堆叠,也可以通过多次转移或多次晶圆键合的方式将三色Micro-LED芯片垂直堆叠,这些方法均已有相关报道[15, 49-50],并受到了很多显示企业的重点关注。
Micro-LED显示作为下一代主流显示技术的重要选择,在众多细分显示领域均有替代现有技术的潜力。然而,受限于其技术成熟度和良率成本,当前Micro-LED显示技术仍处在产业爆发前期,因此,机遇与挑战并存。
国内目前基本已具备完整的Micro-LED技术产业链,包括上游的芯片制造和巨量转移技术能力。芯片制造主要依托于前期的固态照明产业,无论是衬底、外延、器件制程工艺,还是金属有机化学气相沉积(metal organic chemical vapor deposition,MOCVD)等相关设备,均已大部分实现国产化,形成了比较良好的市场环境,且照明产业规模已位居全球第1。因此,Micro-LED在芯片制造方面具备很好的技术产业链,能够很快适应Micro-LED新型显示的芯片需求。但巨量转移技术尚未成熟,从装备到工艺均有待进一步提升。目前国内外厂商均已布局巨量转移装备,整体技术水平相差不大。随着国内Micro-LED芯片需求急速增加,巨量转移设备会迎来很大的市场机会。
对于中游面板制造而言,主流技术仍然是TFT驱动和CMOS驱动2大类,近些年技术创新活跃,专利申请数量上升明显。总体来讲,显示驱动技术主要来源于中国、韩国和美国。国内在前期LCD和OLED显示方面已有很好的技术积累,因此,国内很快能够构建起下一代Micro-LED新型显示技术驱动面板设计和制造的研发和生产能力。
在下游的整机应用方面,国内整体市场规模和潜力巨大。目前来看,小尺寸穿戴显示电子设备,如智能手环和手表是最容易突破的细分市场,因为较小的屏体尺寸有助于减少Micro-LED的工艺成本,苹果公司应该是这一应用当前的主要推手。其次是增强现实和虚拟现实近眼显示,在户外光照强度比较大的条件下,只能采用高亮度显示的Micro-LED技术,而近眼显示屏体尺寸同样较小,有助于减少工艺成本而实现产业化应用,目前国内有不少初创型企业正瞄准这一细分市场。最后是车载显示,特别是在当前新能源车如火如荼发展时期,车内高清大屏显示已经成为新能源车发展的必然趋势,因此,也成为Micro-LED新型显示应用的重要场景。
显示产业是高新科技产业,已经成为中国重要的经济支柱。因此,发展先进的显示技术是中国科技创新和促进经济稳步发展的重要举措。Micro-LED新型显示技术作为下一代显示技术的重要方向,是大国科技创新能力的重要体现。Micro-LED芯片技术主要是从传统的固态照明技术延伸出来的,而过去10多年中国的固态照明技术已经引领全球,产业规模显著。因此,中国有能力抢占Micro-LED新型显示技术的创新高地,率先开拓出可穿戴设备、近眼显示、车载平板显示等应用市场,延续固态照明的市场规模和技术能力。
当然,由于当前Micro-LED新型显示技术仍处在市场爆发前期,技术创新至关重要。建议政府大力鼓励创新,重点扶持一批有核心技术的中小型企业,营造良好的科技创新环境。同时鼓励科研院所和重点高校积极与企业开展技术合作,创新企业和高校的人才培养机制,通过产学研解决当前Micro-LED新型显示技术的关键挑战。关注上中下游各产业链的合理布局,避免浪费政府和社会资源。
从产业长远发展来看,政府应主要以引导为主,应该发挥市场和社会资本的作用,遵循技术发展和商业发展规律,避免过早的产能过剩,使整个Micro-LED显示产业能够健康有序发展。从国际竞争上来讲,要积极布局国际发明专利,提升技术和产品竞争力;同时要积极参与国际标准的制定,提升中国企业的行业话语权。
Micro-LED新型显示技术支撑着未来显示产业的发展,也是中国科技创新引领全球的一次重要科技革命。尽管Micro-LED显示仍然面临着从材料、器件到集成的诸多技术挑战,但是在全球科技工作者的创新协作下,相信在不远的将来,一定能在消费级电子设备等细分市场实现突破,特别是增强现实等近眼显示设备的推出,可能彻底革新现有的显示产品形态,迎来Micro-LED显示产业市场的爆发性增长。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
欧阳钟灿. 新型显示技术在崛起[N]. 人民日报, 2022-09-13(20).
2
History of display technology[EB/OL]. [2024-01-20]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_display_technology.
3
Huang Y G , Hsiang E L , Deng M Y , et al. Mini-LED, micro-LED and OLED displays: Present status and future perspectives[J]. Light, Science & Applications, 2020, 9: 105.
4
Hsiang E L , Yang Z Y , Yang Q , et al. Prospects and challenges of mini-LED, OLED, and micro-LED displays[J]. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 2021, 29 (6): 446- 465.
5
Tang C W , VanSlyke S A . Organic electroluminescent diodes[J]. Applied physics letters, 1987, 51 (12): 913- 915.
6
LG signature z988 inch class 8k smart OLED TV w/AI ThinQ (87.6''Diag)[EB/OL]. [2024-01-20]. https://www.lg.com/us/tvs/lg-OLED88Z9PUA-signature-oled-8k-tv.
7
Behrman K , Kymissis I . Micro light-emitting diodes[J]. Nature Electronics, 2022, 5 (9): 564- 573.
8
Gou F W , Hsiang E L , Tan G J , et al. Angular color shift of micro-LED displays[J]. Optics Express, 2019, 27 (12): 746.
9
Gou F W , Hsiang E L , Tan G J , et al. High performance color-converted micro-LED displays[J]. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 2019, 27 (4): 199- 206.
10
Lin C C , Wu Y R , Kuo H C , et al. The micro-LED roadmap: status quo and prospects[J]. Journal of Physics: Photonics, 2023, 5 (4): 042502.
11
Zhuang Z , Guo X , Liu B , et al. High color rendering index hybrid Ⅲ nitride/nanocrystals white lightemitting diodes[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2016, 26 (1): 36- 43.
12
Liu B , Chen D J , Lu H , et al. Hybrid light emitters and UV solar-blind avalanche photodiodes based on Ⅲ-nitride semiconductors[J]. Advanced Materials, 2020, 32 (27): 1904354.
13
Park J , Choi J H , Kong K , et al. Electrically driven mid-submicrometre pixelation of InGaN micro-light-emitting diode displays for augmented-reality glasses[J]. Nature Photonics, 2021, 15: 449- 455.
14
Um J G , Jeong D Y , Jung Y , et al. Active-matrix GaN μ-LED display using oxide thin-film transistor backplane and flip chip LED bonding[J]. Advanced Electronic Materials, 2019, 5 (3): 1800617.
15
Yadavalli K, Chuang C L, El-Ghoroury H S. Monolithic and heterogeneous integration of RGB micro-LED arrays with pixel-level optics array and CMOS image processor to enable small form-factor display applications[C] //Proceedings of Optical Architectures for Displays and Sensing in Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality (AR, VR, MR). SPIE, 2020: 746.
16
Gou F W , Chen H W , Li M C , et al. Motion-blur-free LCD for high-resolution virtual reality displays[J]. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 2018, 26 (4): 223- 228.
17
He J , Chen H W , Chen H , et al. Hybrid downconverters with green perovskite-polymer composite films for wide color gamut displays[J]. Optics Express, 2017, 25 (11): 12915- 12925.
18
Hosoumi S , Yamaguchi T , Inoue H , et al. 3-4:Ultra-wide color gamut OLED display using a deep-red phosphorescent device with high efficiency, long life, thermal stability, and absolute BT.2020 red chromaticity[J]. SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 2017, 48 (1): 13- 16.
19
Zhuang Z , Iida D , Velazquez-Rizo M , et al. 630-nm red InGaN micro-light-emitting diodes (20μm×20μm) exceeding 1 mW/mm2 for full-color micro-displays[J]. Photonics Research, 2021, 9 (9): 1796.
20
Jin S X , Li J , Li J Z , et al. GaN microdisk light emitting diodes[J]. Applied physics letters, 2000, 76 (5): 631- 633.
21
Jiang H X , Jin S X , Li J , et al. Ⅲ-nitride blue microdisplays[J]. Applied physics letters, 2001, 78 (9): 1303- 1305.
22
Day J, Li J, Lie D Y C, et al. Ⅲ-nitride full-scale high-resolution microdisplays[J]. 2011, 99(3): 031116.
23
Crystal LED[EB/OL]. [2024-01-20]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_LED.
25
Wong M S , Nakamura S , DenBaars S P . Review-progress in high performance Ⅲ-nitride micro-light-emitting diodes[J]. ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 2019, 9 (1): 015012.
26
Iida D , Ohkawa K . Recent progress in red light-emitting diodes by Ⅲ-nitride materials[J]. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 2022, 37 (1): 013001.
27
Bulashevich K A , Karpov S Y . Impact of surface recombination on efficiency of Ⅲ-nitride light-emitting diodes[J]. Physica Status Solidi (RRL)-Rapid Research Letters, 2016, 10 (6): 480- 484.
28
Hwang J I , Hashimoto R , Saito S , et al. Development of InGaN-based red LED grown on (0001) polar surface[J]. Applied Physics Express, 2014, 7 (7): 071003.
29
Pasayat S S , Gupta C , Wong M S , et al. Demonstration of ultra-small (< 10μm)632 nm red InGaN micro-LEDs with useful on-wafer external quantum efficiency (> 0.2%) for mini-displays[J]. Applied Physics Express, 2020, 14 (1): 011004.
30
Li P P, Li H J, Zhang H J, et al. Size-independent peak external quantum efficiency (>2%) of InGaN red micro-light-emitting diodes with an emission wavelength over 600 nm[J]. 2021, 119(8): 081102.
31
Iida D , Zhuang Z , Kirilenko P , et al. 633-nm InGaN-based red LEDs grown on thick underlying GaN layers with reduced in-plane residual stress[J]. Applied physics letters, 2020, 116 (16): 162101.
32
Iida D , Zhuang Z , Kirilenko P , et al. Demonstration of low forward voltage InGaN-based red LEDs[J]. Applied Physics Express, AIP Advances, 2020, 13 (3): 031001.
33
Iida D , Kirilenko P , Velazquez-Rizo M , et al. Demonstration of 621-nm-wavelength InGaN-based single-quantum-well LEDs with an external quantum efficiency of 4.3% at 10.1 A/cm2[J]. AIP Adoances, 2022, 12 (6): 065125.
34
Mitchell B , Dierolf V , Gregorkiewicz T , et al. Perspective: Toward efficient GaN-based red light emitting diodes using europium doping[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2018, 123 (16): 160901.
35
Bi Z X , Lenrick F , Colvin J , et al. InGaN platelets: Synthesis and applications toward green and red light-emitting diodes[J]. Nano Letters, 2019, 19 (5): 2832- 2839.
36
Bi Z X , Lu T P , Colvin J , et al. Realization of ultrahigh quality InGaN platelets to be used as relaxed templates for red micro-LEDs[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12 (15): 17845- 17851.
37
Sang Y M , Zhuang Z , Xing K , et al. Optimizing Al composition in barriers for InGaN amber micro-LEDs with high wall-plug efficiency[J]. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2024, 45 (1): 76- 79.
38
Zhang S N , Zhang J L , Gao J D , et al. Efficient emission of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes: Toward orange and red[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8 (11): 1671.
39
Chen Z Y , Sheng B W , Liu F , et al. High-efficiency InGaN red mini-LEDs on sapphire toward full-color nitride displays: Effect of strain modulation[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33 (26): 2300042.
40
Yu L M , Hao Z B , Luo Y , et al. Improving performances of ultra-small size (1~20μm) InGaN red micro-LEDs by growing on freestanding GaN substrates[J]. Applied physics letters, 2023, 123 (23): 232106.
41
Sheen M , Ko Y , Kim D U , et al. Highly efficient blue InGaN nanoscale light-emitting diodes[J]. Nature, 2022, 608 (7921): 56- 61.
42
Bai J , Cai Y F , Feng P , et al. Ultrasmall, ultracompact and ultrahigh efficient InGaN micro light emitting diodes (μLEDs) with narrow spectral line width[J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14 (6): 6906- 6911.
43
Zhuang Z , Iida D , Ohkawa K . Ultrasmall and ultradense InGaN-based RGB monochromatic micro-light-emitting diode arrays by pixilation of conductive p-GaN[J]. Photonics Research, 2021, 9 (12): 2429.
44
Zhuang Z , Iida D , Velazquez-Rizo M , et al. Ultra-small InGaN green micro-light-emitting diodes fabricated by selective passivation of p-GaN[J]. Optics Letters, 2021, 46 (20): 5092- 5095.
45
Meng W Q , Xu F F , Yu Z H , et al. Three-dimensional monolithic micro-LED display driven by atomically thin transistor matrix[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2021, 16 (11): 1231- 1236.
46
Hwangbo S , Hu L , Hoang A T , et al. Wafer-scale monolithic integration of full-colour micro-LED display using MoS2 transistor[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2022, 17 (5): 500- 506.
47
Chang W , Kim J , Kim M , et al. Concurrent self-assembly of RGB microLEDs for next-generation displays[J]. Nature, 2023, 617 (7960): 287- 291.
48
Xu F F , Tao T , Zhang D Q , et al. Wafer-scale monolithic integration of blue micro-light-emitting diodes and green/red quantum dots for full-color displays[J]. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2023, 44 (8): 1320- 1323.
49
Shin J , Kim H , Sundaram S , et al. Vertical full-colour micro-LEDs via 2D materials-based layer transfer[J]. Nature, 2023, 614 (7946): 81- 87.
50
Saito T , Hasegawa N , Imura K , et al. RGB monolithic GaInN-based μLED arrays connected via tunnel junctions[J]. Applied Physics Express, 2023, 16 (8): 084001.
2025年第43卷第2期
PDF下载
4701
2529
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.08.01026
  • 接收时间:2024-08-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-31
  • 出版时间:2025-01-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-20
  • 修回日期:2024-12-03
基金
作者信息
    1. 南京大学江苏省光电信息功能材料重点实验室, 南京 210093
    2. 南京大学集成电路学院, 苏州 215163
    3. 南京大学电子科学与工程学院, 南京 210093

通讯作者:

刘斌(通信作者),教授,研究方向为宽禁带半导体材料与器件,电子信箱:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.08.01026
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏