Article(id=1146098721231569140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1146500023279260422, articleNumber=null, orderNo=19, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.08.00986, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723392000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-12, revisedDate=1728403200000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751180828583, onlineDateStr=2025-06-29, pubDate=1744473600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1747065600000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1751180828583, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-06-29, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751180828583, creator=18627231156, updateTime=1774079575307, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1146500023279260422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744473600000', pubDateStr='2025-04-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751276506490, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774330951331, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243197373556568751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1146500023279260422, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243197373556568752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1146500023279260422, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=67, endPage=78, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1146098722712158471, articleId=1146098721231569140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Development and application status of new hydrogen storage and transportation technologies, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Various hydrogen storage and transportation technologies emerging at the forefront of research and development, including solid-state metal hydrides, hydrogen-rich organic liquids, methanol-based hydrogen storage, and ammonia-based hydrogen storage, have distinct characteristics and are suited to different application scenarios. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the technical features, current development status, economic costs, and key technological challenges of these novel approaches. Additionally, it explores future development trends and offers a comprehensive assessment of their economic feasibility and potential applications. At present, solid-state hydrogen storage has been demonstrated through certain applications, but large-scale commercialization remains challenging due to high costs and high energy consumption. Organic liquid hydrogen storage offers operational convenience yet is limited by high dehydrogenation temperatures, slow hydrogen release rates, and reliance on precious metal catalysts. Meanwhile, green methanol and green ammonia-based hydrogen storage face challenges related to energy consumption, safety risks, and economic constraints. Given the unique advantage and limitation of each storage and transportation technology, it is crucial to conduct a comprehensive analysis considering factors such as hydrogen storage capacity, transportation distance, safety, carbon emissions, and specific application scenarios to determine the most suitable technological pathway and deployment strategy.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yan ZHANG, Xusheng WANG, Xi LIN, Jiaze YAN, Yujie SUN, Fang JIANG, Jianxin ZOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jianxin ZOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1146098734091305650, articleId=1146098721231569140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=新型氢储运技术发展及应用现状, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

重点分析了固态储氢、有机液态储氢、甲醇储氢和氨储氢等多种新型储运氢技术特点、发展现状、经济成本及关键技术瓶颈，探讨了其未来发展方向，并横向对比了不同氢储运技术的经济性水平与应用前景。当前，固态储氢技术已在部分领域实现示范应用，但其大规模产业化仍面临高成本和高能耗等挑战。有机液态储氢技术虽然操作便捷，但受限于脱氢温度高、释氢速率低及对贵金属催化剂的依赖。绿色甲醇和绿氨储氢技术在能耗、安全性和经济性方面仍存在一定制约。不同储运技术各具优势与局限，需要综合考虑氢储运量、运输距离、安全性、碳排放及具体应用场景，以确定最优的技术路径和应用方案。

, authors=, authorsList=张岩, 王旭升, 林羲, 晏嘉泽, 孙玉杰, 姜方, 邹建新, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邹建新, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=, copyrightStatement=版权所有，未经授权，不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=s62Qgh8eOW4OCcC17eCCAQ==, magXml=s62Qgh8eOW4OCcC17eCCAQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=TP2PfUGzj10ZnOST2PGwTg==, pdfFileSize=6348499, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=B3BS+bkJ2l2p/4jMEbt4xw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=6fd0LuwgTQ1HKhubMTO5bg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1242143050353422354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1146098721231569140, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhangyan@h2cn.org, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242143050424725525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1146098721231569140, authorId=1242143050353422354, language=EN, stringName=Yan ZHANG, firstName=Yan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=1. Beijing Guohydro Zhonglian Hydrogen Energy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100007, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242143050500222999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1146098721231569140, authorId=1242143050353422354, language=CN, stringName=张岩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=1. 北京国氢中联氢能科技研究院有限公司, 北京 100007, bio={"content":"

张岩，高级工程师，研究方向为储运氢技术，电子信箱：zhangyan@h2cn.org

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张岩，高级工程师，研究方向为储运氢技术，电子信箱：zhangyan@h2cn.org

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种类		代表化学式	储氢量/%	优势	尘势
合金储氢材料	AB5	LaNi5	1.4	反应所需压力低、吸/放氢速率快、抗杂质性能好	稀土系储氢材料成本较高、循环稳定性较差、且易氧化
	AB	TiFe	1.9	成本低廉、吸/放氢温度较低	储氢量较低、活化较困难
	AB2	TiMn2	2.0	成本低廉、吸/放氢温度较低	储氢量较低、活化较困难
	A2B	Mg2Ni	3.6	循环稳定性优异、质量较轻	反应活化能较高、吸/放氢动力学速率迟缓
纯金属储氢材料	V		3.8	储氢量较大、吸/放氢速率较快	材料容易氧化、成本较高
	Mg		7.6	成本低廉、储氢密度高、材料可逆性能良好	放氢所需温度更高、动力学速率迟缓

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典型储氢金属/合金性能及其优缺点

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种类		代表化学式	储氢量/%	优势	尘势
合金储氢材料	AB5	LaNi5	1.4	反应所需压力低、吸/放氢速率快、抗杂质性能好	稀土系储氢材料成本较高、循环稳定性较差、且易氧化
	AB	TiFe	1.9	成本低廉、吸/放氢温度较低	储氢量较低、活化较困难
	AB2	TiMn2	2.0	成本低廉、吸/放氢温度较低	储氢量较低、活化较困难
	A2B	Mg2Ni	3.6	循环稳定性优异、质量较轻	反应活化能较高、吸/放氢动力学速率迟缓
纯金属储氢材料	V		3.8	储氢量较大、吸/放氢速率较快	材料容易氧化、成本较高
	Mg		7.6	成本低廉、储氢密度高、材料可逆性能良好	放氢所需温度更高、动力学速率迟缓

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项目	氢气	甲醇	氨气
分子式	H2	CH3OH	NH3
摩尔质量/（g/mol）	2	32	17
密度/（kg/m3）	70.8	791.0	617.0
沸点/℃	－252.87	64.85	－34.00
闪电/℃	－253.00	11.15	132.15
自燃温度/℃	560	465	654
热值/（MJ/kg）	143.0	20.0	18.6
氢体积分数/%	100.0	17.6	12.5
体积能量密度/（Wh/L）	1305	4600	4325
化学计量空燃比	34.78	6.50	6.14
储存温度	－253	20	20
储存压力	1.01	1.01	11.11
爆炸极限/%	4.0~75.6	6.0~36.0	16.0~25.0

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甲醇、氨、氢物理性质对比

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项目	氢气	甲醇	氨气
分子式	H2	CH3OH	NH3
摩尔质量/（g/mol）	2	32	17
密度/（kg/m3）	70.8	791.0	617.0
沸点/℃	－252.87	64.85	－34.00
闪电/℃	－253.00	11.15	132.15
自燃温度/℃	560	465	654
热值/（MJ/kg）	143.0	20.0	18.6
氢体积分数/%	100.0	17.6	12.5
体积能量密度/（Wh/L）	1305	4600	4325
化学计量空燃比	34.78	6.50	6.14
储存温度	－253	20	20
储存压力	1.01	1.01	11.11
爆炸极限/%	4.0~75.6	6.0~36.0	16.0~25.0

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储运氢技术	固态储运氢	有机液态储运氢	甲醇储运氢	氨储运氢
氨储运氢	固态储氢在氢能自行车、公交车、氢发电等方面有示范应用，但其距离大规模产业化发展还有一定距离	日本千代田化工建设、德国HT，以及国内武汉氢阳等公司开展了相关应用	现阶段，甲醇的储运技术成熟，可通过卡车、火车、船舶等多种运输方式实现甲醇的运输	氨作为一种全球范围内广泛使用和运输的原料物质，可充分利用当前已有氨工业的技术设施进行未来氢能的广泛运输
技术特点	固态储氢系统体积储氢密度高、储氢压力低，从而降低了其对储氢装置压力等级等关键技术指标的要求	有机液态储氢技术利用有机液态载体与氢气的可逆加氢、脱氢反应实现氢的储存	基于甲醇的储氢技术是将氢气与二氧化碳反应，生成甲醇，来存储与运输氢气	基于氨的储氢技术是将氢气与氮气反应，生成氨，来存储与运输氢气
技术瓶颈	能耗较高、固定成本大	脱氢温度较高、释氢速率较低、氢气提纯难度较大	能耗较高、有一定碳排放、氢气纯化和除一氧化碳杂质气体困难	绿氨技术能耗较高、存在安全风险隐患以及成本较高
发展前景	有望广泛应用于船舶、车载用氢、大规模储能等领域	车载用氢、氢运输、储能等领域	船舶动力、大规模储运氢等领域	船舶动力、大规模储运氢等领域

), ArticleFig(id=1242143055847960711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1146098721231569140, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

新型氢储运技术对比

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储运氢技术	固态储运氢	有机液态储运氢	甲醇储运氢	氨储运氢
氨储运氢	固态储氢在氢能自行车、公交车、氢发电等方面有示范应用，但其距离大规模产业化发展还有一定距离	日本千代田化工建设、德国HT，以及国内武汉氢阳等公司开展了相关应用	现阶段，甲醇的储运技术成熟，可通过卡车、火车、船舶等多种运输方式实现甲醇的运输	氨作为一种全球范围内广泛使用和运输的原料物质，可充分利用当前已有氨工业的技术设施进行未来氢能的广泛运输
技术特点	固态储氢系统体积储氢密度高、储氢压力低，从而降低了其对储氢装置压力等级等关键技术指标的要求	有机液态储氢技术利用有机液态载体与氢气的可逆加氢、脱氢反应实现氢的储存	基于甲醇的储氢技术是将氢气与二氧化碳反应，生成甲醇，来存储与运输氢气	基于氨的储氢技术是将氢气与氮气反应，生成氨，来存储与运输氢气
技术瓶颈	能耗较高、固定成本大	脱氢温度较高、释氢速率较低、氢气提纯难度较大	能耗较高、有一定碳排放、氢气纯化和除一氧化碳杂质气体困难	绿氨技术能耗较高、存在安全风险隐患以及成本较高
发展前景	有望广泛应用于船舶、车载用氢、大规模储能等领域	车载用氢、氢运输、储能等领域	船舶动力、大规模储运氢等领域	船舶动力、大规模储运氢等领域

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