Article(id=1146098734301025225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1146500022360707816, articleNumber=null, orderNo=22, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.06.00762, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1720886400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-14, revisedDate=1729094400000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-17, acceptedDate=1743609600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-03, onlineDate=1751180831742, onlineDateStr=2025-06-29, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1749052800000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-06-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1751180831742, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-06-29, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751180831742, creator=18627231156, updateTime=1774079637002, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1146500022360707816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745769600000', pubDateStr='2025-04-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751276506271, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774330523255, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243195578088276195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1146500022360707816, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243195578088276196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1146500022360707816, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=73, endPage=79, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1146098734561072098, articleId=1146098734301025225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=A study of top-level domain name hosting in the root zone, columnId=1150494644690366681, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The Domain Name System, as a core foundational resource of the internet, relies on the stability of its Root Zone to ensure the operational security of the global domain name system. Based on Root Zone top−level domain data released by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority this study analyzes resolution service addresses of top−level domain authoritative servers to reveal the centralized characteristics of current Top−level domain name registration and hosting practices. The research findings indicate that resolution services for 1,458 active Top−level domain name s exhibit significant dependency on a limited number of Top−level domain name hosting institutions. Specifically, Afilias and Identity Digital Limited host 32.58% and 32.17% of Top−level domain name s respectively, with the top three institutions collectively accounting for over 90% of hosted Top−level domain name s. Quantitative evaluation using the Gini coefficient shows that Top−level domain name hosting resources reach a centralization degree of 0.83, substantially higher than the 0.44 measured for registry management, indicating severe oligopolistic risks in the hosting sector. The study warns that overly concentrated hosting architectures may introduce single points of failure risks (such as regional cyberattacks affecting multiple Top−level domain name resolution services) and undermine the diversity of the domain name ecosystem. To address these challenges, the research suggests promoting self−built authoritative servers by Top−level domain name registries, optimizing hosting institution qualification mechanisms, and exploring blockchain−based decentralized domain name resolution technologies, aiming to enhance the Root Zone's risk resilience and long−term stability.
, authors=null, authorsList=Wenyu CHEN, Shuo HE, Hanming LI, Jieling XIE, Qi ZHAO, Feng LENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Feng LENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1146098738134618399, articleId=1146098734301025225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=根区顶级域名托管情况研究, columnId=1146540929516700224, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
域名系统作为互联网核心基础资源,在日常网络访问中发挥着不可或缺的关键作用。根区的稳定性直接决定全球域名体系的运行安全。基于互联网数字分配机构发布的根区顶级域名数据,通过分析顶级域权威服务器的解析服务地址,揭示了当前顶级域名注册与托管的集中化特征。研究发现,1458个活跃顶级域名的解析服务高度依赖少数顶级域名托管机构,其中Afilias和Identity Digital Limited分别托管了32.58%和32.17%的顶级域名,前3大机构合计占比超90%。通过基尼系数量化评估,顶级域名托管资源的中心化程度达到0.83,显著高于注册管理机构(0.44),表明托管环节存在严重的寡头垄断风险。研究指出,过度集中的托管架构可能引发单点故障隐患(如区域性网络攻击波及多顶级域名解析服务),并削弱域名生态多样性。为此,建议推动顶级域名注册管理机构自建权威服务器、优化托管机构准入机制,并探索基于区块链的分散化域名解析技术,以提升根区抗风险能力与长期稳定性。
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, authorsList=陈闻宇, 何烁, 李汉明, 谢杰灵, 赵琦, 冷峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=冷峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=3dXqdqnEoxP0PXQATG8P3g==, magXml=3dXqdqnEoxP0PXQATG8P3g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=tz2fYWgG+YLGCSMDlGMbVA==, pdfFileSize=1474655, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=YT2hVQldzSekb2WJHeRWCw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=sXAJiWPNK9SIEeJl8synLA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1242143302737273438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1146098734301025225, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chenwenyu@cnnic.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242143302829548130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1146098734301025225, authorId=1242143302737273438, language=EN, stringName=Wenyu CHEN, firstName=Wenyu, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=China Internet Network Information Center, Beijing 100080, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242143302909239909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1146098734301025225, authorId=1242143302737273438, language=CN, stringName=陈闻宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国互联网络信息中心, 北京 100080, bio={"content":"
陈闻宇,高级工程师,研究方向为网络安全、区块链,电子信箱: chenwenyu@cnnic.cn
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陈闻宇,高级工程师,研究方向为网络安全、区块链,电子信箱: chenwenyu@cnnic.cn
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| 机构 | TLD数量/个 |
| Binky Moon, LLC | 196 |
| Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | 53 |
| Dog Beach, LLC | 49 |
| Charleston Road Registry Inc. | 46 |
| Registry Services, LLC | 36 |
| XYZ.COM LLC | 35 |
| Identity Digital Limited | 23 |
| Not assigned | 21 |
| National Internet Exchange of India | 16 |
| Dish DBS Corporation | 11 |
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TLD注册量排名TOP10的机构
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| 机构 | TLD数量/个 |
| Binky Moon, LLC | 196 |
| Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | 53 |
| Dog Beach, LLC | 49 |
| Charleston Road Registry Inc. | 46 |
| Registry Services, LLC | 36 |
| XYZ.COM LLC | 35 |
| Identity Digital Limited | 23 |
| Not assigned | 21 |
| National Internet Exchange of India | 16 |
| Dish DBS Corporation | 11 |
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| 机构 | TLD数量/个 |
| Afilias, Inc. | 475 |
| Identity Digital Limited | 469 |
| Neustar Security Services | 377 |
| WoodyNet, Inc. | 160 |
| CentralNic Ltd | 120 |
| Nominet UK | 79 |
| Netnod AB | 76 |
| VeriSign Global Registry Services | 53 |
| Google | 49 |
| CIRA Canadian Internet Registration Authority | 45 |
| Autorit Canadienne pour les enregistrements Internet |
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TLD运行托管数量排名TOP10的机构
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| 机构 | TLD数量/个 |
| Afilias, Inc. | 475 |
| Identity Digital Limited | 469 |
| Neustar Security Services | 377 |
| WoodyNet, Inc. | 160 |
| CentralNic Ltd | 120 |
| Nominet UK | 79 |
| Netnod AB | 76 |
| VeriSign Global Registry Services | 53 |
| Google | 49 |
| CIRA Canadian Internet Registration Authority | 45 |
| Autorit Canadienne pour les enregistrements Internet |
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