Article(id=1202251047352885811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1202251045700333591, articleNumber=null, orderNo=19, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.06.00737, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1719072000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-23, revisedDate=1732636800000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764568586432, onlineDateStr=2025-12-01, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1750780800000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764568586432, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774079685772, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1202251045700333591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748361600000', pubDateStr='2025-05-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764568586039, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774330940338, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243197327440196270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1202251045700333591, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243197327440196271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1202251045700333591, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=54, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202251048107860545, articleId=1202251047352885811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Research progress in soybean and corn belt composite planting technology, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the growth of population and the limited resources of cultivated land, the traditional agricultural model of high input and high output has become unsustainable, and the ecological benefits of improving soil fertility, making full use of the spatiotemporal allocation of crop intercropping, enhancing the stability of farmland ecosystem, and promoting the economic and social benefits of sustainable agricultural development have become urgent problems to be solved in sustainable agricultural development. In this paper, the research status of soybean and maize strip composite planting at home and abroad was reviewed, and its effects on improving soil quality and ecological environment were discussed, and the advantages of optimizing the utilization of photosynthetic space resources and improving crop yield were clarified. As a resource-saving and environment-friendly technology model, soybean and corn strip compound planting has achieved remarkable effects on the efficient utilization of land resources, the enhancement of ecological stability and the improvement of crop yield, which solves the scientific and technological problems of single traditional planting mode, soil nutrient imbalance, insufficient utilization of farmland space resources, and diversified and stable economic benefits, and provides important theoretical support for promoting the wide application of soybean and corn strip compound planting technology and achieving high-quality and sustainable development goals of agriculture.

, authors=null, authorsList=Manxiu WANG, Guolong GE, Xiangqian ZHANG, Xuanyi CHANG, Hexiao MA, Xiaoxiang WANG, Jianwei ZHANG, Dejian ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiangqian ZHANG, Dejian ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1202251048556651092, articleId=1202251047352885811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术研究进展, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着人口增长和耕地资源的紧张,传统高投入、高产出的农业模式已难以持续,提高土壤肥力、充分利用作物间作时空配置、增强农田生态系统稳定性等方面的生态效益,以及促进农业可持续发展方面的经济社会效益已成为农业可持续发展亟待解决的问题。综述了大豆‖玉米带状复合种植国内外研究现状,论述了其在改善土壤质量及生态环境等方面的影响,明确了优化光合空间资源利用、提高作物产量等方面的优势。大豆‖玉米带状复合种植作为一种资源节约型和环境友好型技术模式,土地资源高效利用、生态稳定性增强和作物产量提升效果显著,破解了传统种植模式单一、土壤养分失衡和农田空间资源利用不充分,以及经济收益多元稳定的科技难题,为推动大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术广泛应用,以及实现农业高质量、可持续发展目标提供重要理论支撑。

, authors=

王满秀,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤耕作与农业生态,电子信箱:

, authorsList=王满秀, 葛国龙, 张向前, 陈宣伊, 马鹤逍, 王小象, 张健伟, 张德健, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张向前, 张德健, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张向前(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为土壤耕作与农业生态等,电子信箱:
张德健(共同通信作者),教授,研究方向为旱作农业等,电子信箱:
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大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术研究进展
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王满秀 1 , 葛国龙 1 , 张向前 2, 3, * , 陈宣伊 1 , 马鹤逍 1 , 王小象 1 , 张健伟 2, 3 , 张德健 1, *
科技导报 | 特色专题 2025,43(10): 54-60
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科技导报 |特色专题 2025 , 43 (10) : 54 -60
大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术研究进展
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王满秀1 , 葛国龙1, 张向前2, 3, * , 陈宣伊1, 马鹤逍1, 王小象1, 张健伟2, 3, 张德健1, *
作者信息
  • 1. 内蒙古大学生命科学学院, 呼和浩特 010020
  • 2. 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 呼和浩特 010031
  • 3. 内蒙古自治区退化农田污染防治与生态修复重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010031
通讯作者:
张向前(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为土壤耕作与农业生态等,电子信箱:
张德健(共同通信作者),教授,研究方向为旱作农业等,电子信箱:
Research progress in soybean and corn belt composite planting technology
Manxiu WANG1 , Guolong GE1, Xiangqian ZHANG2, 3, * , Xuanyi CHANG1, Hexiao MA1, Xiaoxiang WANG1, Jianwei ZHANG2, 3, Dejian ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
  • 2. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
  • 3. Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention and Ecological Restoration of Degenerated Farmland in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010031, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.06.00737
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随着人口增长和耕地资源的紧张,传统高投入、高产出的农业模式已难以持续,提高土壤肥力、充分利用作物间作时空配置、增强农田生态系统稳定性等方面的生态效益,以及促进农业可持续发展方面的经济社会效益已成为农业可持续发展亟待解决的问题。综述了大豆‖玉米带状复合种植国内外研究现状,论述了其在改善土壤质量及生态环境等方面的影响,明确了优化光合空间资源利用、提高作物产量等方面的优势。大豆‖玉米带状复合种植作为一种资源节约型和环境友好型技术模式,土地资源高效利用、生态稳定性增强和作物产量提升效果显著,破解了传统种植模式单一、土壤养分失衡和农田空间资源利用不充分,以及经济收益多元稳定的科技难题,为推动大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术广泛应用,以及实现农业高质量、可持续发展目标提供重要理论支撑。

大豆和玉米  /  复合种植  /  土壤特性  /  光合特征

With the growth of population and the limited resources of cultivated land, the traditional agricultural model of high input and high output has become unsustainable, and the ecological benefits of improving soil fertility, making full use of the spatiotemporal allocation of crop intercropping, enhancing the stability of farmland ecosystem, and promoting the economic and social benefits of sustainable agricultural development have become urgent problems to be solved in sustainable agricultural development. In this paper, the research status of soybean and maize strip composite planting at home and abroad was reviewed, and its effects on improving soil quality and ecological environment were discussed, and the advantages of optimizing the utilization of photosynthetic space resources and improving crop yield were clarified. As a resource-saving and environment-friendly technology model, soybean and corn strip compound planting has achieved remarkable effects on the efficient utilization of land resources, the enhancement of ecological stability and the improvement of crop yield, which solves the scientific and technological problems of single traditional planting mode, soil nutrient imbalance, insufficient utilization of farmland space resources, and diversified and stable economic benefits, and provides important theoretical support for promoting the wide application of soybean and corn strip compound planting technology and achieving high-quality and sustainable development goals of agriculture.

soybean and corn  /  composite planting  /  soil characteristics  /  photosynthetic characteristics
王满秀, 葛国龙, 张向前, 陈宣伊, 马鹤逍, 王小象, 张健伟, 张德健. 大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术研究进展. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (10) : 54 -60 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.06.00737
Manxiu WANG, Guolong GE, Xiangqian ZHANG, Xuanyi CHANG, Hexiao MA, Xiaoxiang WANG, Jianwei ZHANG, Dejian ZHANG. Research progress in soybean and corn belt composite planting technology[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (10) : 54 -60 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.06.00737
中国大豆和玉米生产在粮油兼用方面占据主导地位,然而耕地面积因城市化、工业化建设需求,使得部分耕地被占用,进而导致耕地总面积减少,大豆和玉米种植产出一直未能有效提升,使得中国在大豆和玉米供应上高度依赖进口,大豆对外依赖率持续超过80%[1]。根据国家统计局的数据,2010年中国进口玉米157万t,是2009年进口量的19倍[2];2022年中国大豆产量仅为2028万t,相比之下,同年大豆进口量达到了9108万t[3],国内大豆和玉米市场存在显著的供需矛盾,产量难以满足其大量需求[4]。2022年中央“一号文件”强调,实施大豆和油料产能提升工程,积极推动大豆油料产业规模化、专业化发展,有效扩大国内大豆油料生产规模[5]。有限耕地面积内,实现大豆和玉米自给率稳定供给的目标,仍然是中国面临的重要难题之一。近年来,大豆‖玉米带状复合种植模式陆续推广应用,该模式不仅有助于稳定玉米产量,还能有效提高大豆种植面积并展现出明显产量优势[67],通过优化行比配置,利用玉米边行优势,有效缓解了作物种间竞争关系,显著提升农业系统整体生产能力。大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术通过发挥2种作物生态位优势,有效提升光热资源和养分利用效率,实现大豆和玉米互补生长,协同促进两者产量提升[811]
因此,该技术结合传统种植模式的优势,同时利用“高、矮”2种作物间生物学互作和生态位互补效应,有效实现土地资源高效利用、作物产量提升,以及农业生产系统环境友好性,积极响应现代农业可持续发展理念,且此技术持续创新与完善,其应用领域逐步扩大,应用范围更加广泛。本文分析了全国各地带状复合种植各阶段土壤理化性状的变化规律,明确其对植物农艺性状、光合生理特性影响差异性,以期该技术为不同区域农田生态治理、生产发展及中国“稳粮增豆”和国家粮油安全提供有效理论技术支撑。
四川农业大学杨文钰团队在巴基斯坦试验推广“带状复合种植”技术后,巴哈瓦尔布尔、杰格瓦尔、伊斯兰堡和莱亚4个地区准备加入示范种植计划[1213]。在埃塞俄比亚西部地区,实施大豆‖玉米间作模式可有效提升农作物生产力水平,在确保大豆与玉米产量稳定性及推动农业可持续发展过程中扮演关键角色[14]
大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术通过优化资源配置,可实现大豆与玉米高效共生,掌握复合种植的先进理念,巧妙运用玉米边行效应,保障大豆茁壮成长,更有助于保持土地生产力,实现双作物的丰产目标[15],且该技术曾连续11年入选国家和省级主推技术,2019年被遴选为国家大豆振兴计划重点推广技术[16]。2020— 2023年,中央“一号文件”多次提及大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术,强调了对其全面推广应用的重视,包括加大政策扶持力度、明确优先支持区域、优选作物品种及强化服务体系建设,并特别强调了在黄淮海、西北和西南地区的推广实施,以确保这一农艺技术能够得到有效推广和深入实践[17]。2022年,山东省德州市大力示范推广大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术,全市推广面积约2.27 hm2,发现此技术在提高土地利用效率和促进农民增收方面具有潜力[18]。2023年,贵州省六盘水市盘州市的盘关镇成功实施大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术,全镇累计完成种植面积达33.33 hm2,具体分布于向阳村11.33 hm2、沿塘村6.67 hm2、长地村6.67 hm2、丘田村4 hm2,以及尖山村4.67 hm2,各村均按计划完成了种植任务,有效推动了当地农业结构的优化升级[19]。内蒙古在推广大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术方面也取得显著进展,2018年包头市先行成功实施33.33 hm2试验示范项目,2019年土右旗达到112 hm2,2021年内蒙古在7个盟市16个旗县市建立了626.67 hm2的高质量高标准示范基地,通过基地带动1766.67 hm2农田采用新技术,累计推广面积达到3345.33 hm2,目前,该种植模式开始全区范围内普及[20]。该种植技术的实施,既是落实习近平总书记关于“三农”工作精神的有力举措,也是扩大粮油作物单产工程的有效抓手,可有效提升粮油自给率。
土壤团聚体是构建土壤结构的基石,在土壤的微小生态系统中发挥着储存养分的重要作用[21]。土壤团聚体平均重量直径和平均几何直径是衡量其结构稳定性的关键指标,这2个参数越大,表明土壤团聚体稳定性越好[22]。相比于单作玉米,实施大豆‖玉米间作模式能够有效提升土壤中团聚体含量,减少细粒土壤比例,增强土壤结构稳定性,并显著提高土壤团聚体平均重量直径和平均几何直径[23]。大豆‖玉米带状模式增强微团聚体胶结作用,间接促进微团聚体转化为大团聚体,增强其土壤稳定性[2425]。在一定范围内,土壤容重越大,土质越板结;容重越小,土质越疏松,间作后土壤容重较小,土质相对较疏松[26]。大豆‖玉米间作通过其根系交互作用,土壤颗粒有序排列,促进土壤团粒结构构建,显著提高土壤孔隙度,改善土壤透气性,增强其渗透性,有效降低土壤侵蚀风险,且作物残茬量和根系分解物的输入增加,有助于土壤有机质含量提高。间作使作物根系深入土壤不同层次中,有效利用土壤水分,降低土壤表层水分蒸发率,通过结构和生长习性不同且互补2种作物,玉米植株为大豆植株遮阳,避免土壤表面温度升高,降低水分蒸发速率,提供稳定的微气候环境,促进矮生作物良好生长,不同作物根系有助于提高土壤中O2供应量,促进通风作用,提高土壤微生物活性,使根系健康生长[2728]。玉米根系根须发达则既保障自身水分供应,又有利于大豆水分保持,整体上提高土壤水分利用效率,2种作物根系互补性使其在复合种植时能够共同利用土壤中的水分资源,减少水分浪费[29]
土壤剖面中,大豆和玉米根系分布特征各异:玉米根系偏向表层,专注于浅层土壤养分获取,大豆根系则深入土壤深层,能够汲取深层养分,实现2种作物对土壤养分资源的互补性利用。大豆根部形成的根瘤菌固氮作用强化了氮肥的利用,同时促进了玉米对氮的吸收,确保玉米生长所需[3031],且禾本科与豆科间套作利于作物对氮的吸收,磷的种间促进作用显著,钾离子通过扩散的方式在土壤中进行转移,大豆、玉米对钾的吸收利用与肥料类型及其遗传特性有关,部分间套作模式对钾吸收有促进作用,因而植株氮、磷、钾养分吸收总量比相应单作显著提高[10],大豆根系与根瘤菌的共生关系促进土壤氮素循环,增加土壤有机氮,改善土壤结构,提高土壤保水保肥能力,玉米和大豆复合种植提高土壤pH值,玉米属于C4植物,其光合作用产生有机酸较少,而大豆属于C3植物,其光合作用产生有机酸较多,两者相互作用可中和土壤中酸性或碱性物质,使土壤pH值趋于中性,有利于作物正常生长[3234]。相较于单作,成熟期套作玉米时,土壤无机氮和总氮含量上升,套作大豆时则呈现下降趋势[35]。大豆和玉米共生阶段,套作方式可有效调控氮素在土壤中的分布,即共生初期增加大豆土壤中氮素供应,减少玉米土壤中氮素含量,而共生后期,大豆固氮能力增强,适当减少大豆根系周围氮素浓度,实现氮素资源高效利用和环境可持续管理[3537]
土壤微生物群落在调控土壤呼吸作用、加速有机质的分解及推动养分循环等生态过程中发挥着至关重要作用,被视为衡量土壤质量的关键生物指标之一[38]。玉米‖大豆间作模式相比于玉米单作改变了玉米根际细菌和真菌群落组成和数量,提高玉米根际土壤微生物群落Observed_species、Chao1和Shannon等多样性指数水平,增加根际土壤中有益微生物数量,降低潜在致病菌等有害微生物数量,减少玉米致病风险,增加产量[39]。在大豆‖玉米间作和相应单作系统中,玉米间作相比于单作,增强了土壤中细菌、真菌和线虫群落组成的复杂性,且增加土壤微生物网络环境的稳定性,但植物寄生线虫的密度和β−葡萄糖苷酶活性降低[40]。采用大豆‖玉米带状间作及相应单作栽培处理模式,带状间作土壤酶活性,即土壤蛋白酶、脲酶和硝酸盐还原酶活性显著高于单一栽培[41]。带状复合种植模式,导致土壤属性变化及微生物微环境具有群落结构差异性,且从土壤作物根际微生物群落碳源利用角度,研究大豆‖玉米间作模式对土壤微生物多样性影响,以期为农业生产实践提供更多理论依据[42]
综合以上分析,大豆‖玉米带状复合种植对土壤物理性状和化学性状均具有显著积极影响。该种植模式通过改善土壤结构、降低土壤密度和增加土壤孔隙度,有助于根系生长和扩展,从而提高土壤透气性和蓄水性,且有助于改善土壤养分循环,增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤微生物酶、菌群活性,进而提高土壤肥力和作物产量,有助于实现可持续农业发展目标。
大豆‖玉米间作能优化作物生长特征,提升生物量积累及籽粒产量[4344]。随着生育时期推进,大豆和玉米株高、茎粗均呈现稳步上升趋势,而叶面积均呈先增后降的趋势。玉米拔节期,玉米株高差异显著,而吐丝期,其株高差异极显著。大豆在鼓粒期,大部分株高随着出苗天数的增加而显著低于单作。玉米茎粗在大喇叭口期达到最大值,于吐丝期和拔节期逐渐减小,而大豆茎粗则随着出苗天数的增多而持续增大,并最终趋于稳定。大豆‖玉米不同复合种植模式玉米单株叶面积差异不显著,大豆各时期具有显著差异[45]。不同种植模式下,植物株高、茎粗普遍遵循单作优于带状复合种植、4行玉米带优于2行玉米带的规律,且2行玉米带模式中:3行大豆带的株高优于4行大豆带,而穗位高方面:带状复合种植模式优于单作,且带状复合种植模式中:3行大豆带的穗位高也优于4行大豆带[4547]
籽粒产量的高低取决于干物质积累量,而干物质积累效率和其在籽粒中的分配比例则是决定籽粒产量的关键因素[48]。大豆‖玉米间作系统中,玉米茎叶的干物质积累速率会先增后减,而间作有助于提高玉米果穗的干物质累积效率,而大豆叶片的干物质积累量则呈现“花前增多、花后减少”的趋势[4950],由于相邻高秆作物对大豆产生遮荫,大豆植株主茎生长呈现伸长和变细现象,其叶面积指数和地上部分干物积累能力也相对减弱[51],玉米生长期间,拔节期和大喇叭口期干物质积累不同处理间差异不显著,而吐丝期则表现出明显差异,大豆分枝期干物质积累各处理间差异不显著,其开花结荚至鼓粒期各间作模式下干物质积累则表现显著的整体差异性[45]
综合以上分析,大豆‖玉米带状复合种植能有效优化2种植株生长特征,其对作物形态指标和干物质积累具有显著影响。玉米株高、茎粗和叶面积等形态指标均增加,玉米果穗干物质积累显著促进,产量潜力有所提高。相较于玉米而言,间作大豆虽然受到玉米遮荫作用,大豆植株主茎生长出现伸长和变细现象,但其叶面积指数和地上部分干物积累能力仍然增强明显。此外,间作大豆干物质积累模式更有利于籽粒充实和成熟。这些变化不仅可以提高作物产量,还可改善作物品质和抗逆性。因此,大豆‖玉米间作是一种高效的农业生产方式,值得在实际生产中广泛应用。
光照条件与植物生长状况具有直接影响,光合作用是决定作物产量高低的关键因素[52]。复合种植技术显著提升玉米叶片蒸腾和光合效率[53],带状复合种植体系中,高秆玉米在光资源竞争中占优势,提高了自身光能利用率,而矮秆大豆在与玉米“资源”竞争中相对较弱,其光能利用率下降[54],大豆生育后期,玉米遮荫效应加强,其光合作用能力减弱,净光合率显著下降,且气孔导度和蒸腾作用降低,叶内CO2浓度上升[55]。大豆植株群体冠层内部的光环境直接影响其叶片光合特性,而大豆‖玉米复合种植的合理密度与植株群体冠层内部的光环境密切相关,光环境内部光合作用中的光和色素对植物光能吸收、传递和转化过程有直接作用[56],叶绿素含量降低与高秆作物遮荫性有关,带状复合种植玉米、大豆种植密度增加会降低叶片叶绿素,增加光合性能,进而使光能运转效率升高[57],利于大豆叶片干物质养分吸收积累,提升粮食综合产量。
大豆‖玉米带状复合种植模式确保玉米产量稳定性,有效提升大豆种植面积,具有较显著的产量优势[58],各区域带状复合种植系统中大豆和玉米单产水平均低于净作,西南和长江流域大豆产量表现最佳,达到1610 kg·hm−2,其较西北地区高18.34%,比全国平均产量高6.41%[5960],间作模式较单作均表现出显著的增产效应,大豆‖玉米间作模式中,大豆产量减少,但其籽粒重却显著提升,这一现象可能是大豆结荚数减少及籽粒数下降导致的[6162]
大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术是先进农业生产模式之一,要求农户具备较高专业素质和相应机械设备支持,且初期需要较多资金投入。但这种模式可显著提高作物产量和农户经济收益,实现高投入与高产出良性循环。相较于传统种植方法,它能有效增加农户收入,提升幅度为15%~26%[6364]。大豆‖玉米带状复合种植提升单产和经济价值,减少农业生产整体开支,高矮2种作物合理搭配,兼顾各自生长需求,实现资源共享和互利共生,且带状复合种植有助于作物更全面地吸收利用土壤养分、水分和阳光,有效减少化肥和农药使用量,降低农业生产整体成本[65]
根据中国农业生产实际和可持续发展要求,带状复合种植模式可作为绿色优质高产栽培的新途径。“带状复合种植技术”主要集中在产量与经济效益、保护性耕作与可持续发展[66]等方面,需要充分利用生长季节、气候条件和当地经济条件选择适合种植的品种;合理调整玉米、大豆农艺性状与农机紧密结合的问题,选择和改造相适应的农业机械,达到降低投入且增加收入的目的;关注农业市场变化、动向需求,是加强与种植模式产品加工、储藏、运输、销售相配套环节的构建之一。本文介绍了该技术在促进土壤养分循环、合理种植空间布局、作物资源互补与优化等方面的内在机制,阐述了该带状复合种植技术应用后对农民经济及社会效益的影响。研究和实践表明,带状复合种植技术的应用已在多个国家和地区显示出其独特优势和潜力,该技术能提高土地生产力,有助于维护土壤“健康”、减少化学投入品的使用,并增强农业生态系统“韧性和稳定性”。此外,该技术为农民带来多元化的收益途径,促进农业经济可持续发展[6769]
目前,国内研究人员对传统间作、套种研究较为深入,但对带状复合种植模式研究较少,为充分发掘带状复合种植的优势和潜力,应更加深入探究该种植模式下作物生理生化机制及土壤物理、化学、生物等性状的长期变化特征的研究,同时开展种、管、收配套机具的研制,以提升大豆玉米带状复合种植全程机械化水平,进而充分发挥该技术模式在光合作用、养分利用及经济效益等方面的显著优势,随着研究不断深入和技术不断完善,这种模式有望在未来农业生产中发挥更大作用,为实现农业可持续发展作出贡献。然而,要充分发挥大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术的综合效益,实现全部机械化、玉米和大豆产量潜力最大化的目标,仍需面对一系列挑战,包括此技术推广普及度、改进现用系统、农民接受度不高等问题[7071]。通过不断研究创新,该带状复合种植技术将能更好适应不同地区的农业生产条件,通过加强科研合作、提升技术培训、完善政策支持等措施,有望成为实现农业绿色转型的关键策略之一,为大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术成为全球食品安全和生态环境保护作出更大贡献。
  • 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFDZ0071)
  • 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0216)
  • 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院创新基金项目(22023CXJJN18)
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2025年第43卷第10期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.06.00737
  • 接收时间:2024-06-23
  • 首发时间:2025-12-01
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-23
  • 修回日期:2024-11-27
基金
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFDZ0071)
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0216)
内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院创新基金项目(22023CXJJN18)
作者信息
    1. 内蒙古大学生命科学学院, 呼和浩特 010020
    2. 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 呼和浩特 010031
    3. 内蒙古自治区退化农田污染防治与生态修复重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010031

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张向前(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为土壤耕作与农业生态等,电子信箱:
张德健(共同通信作者),教授,研究方向为旱作农业等,电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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