Article(id=1212410685917663985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1212410683682099946, articleNumber=null, orderNo=17, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01086, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1709654400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-06, revisedDate=1725465600000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766990833024, onlineDateStr=2025-12-29, pubDate=1762963200000, pubDateStr=2025-11-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766678400000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766990833024, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774080269047, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1212410683682099946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='21', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762963200000', pubDateStr='2025-11-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766990832490, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1774330578192, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243195808502366441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1212410683682099946, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243195808502366442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1212410683682099946, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=61, endPage=68, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212410686337094391, articleId=1212410685917663985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Progress of steelmaking alloy reduction technology, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The production of ferroalloys necessitates the consumption of substantial quantities of alloy materials. Achieving the national "dual carbon" strategic goals and reducing energy consumption in the steel industry necessitates the implementation of scientific and practical methods and approaches for ferroalloy charging. The objective of alloy reduction technology in the steelmaking alloying process is twofold: first, to minimize the use of alloying elements, and second, to reduce production costs, while ensuring that the final steel retains the required properties and characteristics. The present paper introduces the physicochemical properties of ferroalloys and employs drum tests to quantitatively evaluate their pulverization performance. During handling, alloys should be stored in tiered arrangements based on particle size and density to ensure absorption rates. It is imperative to mitigate the occurrence of collisions during storage, transportation, and utilization to avert pulverization losses prior to furnace entry. An intelligent control system for alloy reduction in steelmaking, developed using neural networks and big data models, has been successfully implemented in over ten domestic steel enterprises. The substitution of customized alloy recycling plans, derived from field operation data and process analysis, has been demonstrated to reduce ferroalloy usage costs for steel producers. In the process of smelting particular steel grades, it is imperative to exercise caution with regard to the presence of deleterious elements within the alloy. Concurrently, precise selection should be made based on changes in the main alloy components to reduce cost increases caused by fluctuations in alloy composition. By analyzing current alloy reduction technologies in steelmaking, this study proposes future improvement directions and trends for ferroalloy reduction methods. Initial efforts must concentrate on the enhancement of ferroalloy quality, with the objective of reducing the usage of superfluous alloy elements and averting the squandering of resources. Secondly, the advancement of digitalization and automation technologies has the potential to enhance the stability and controllability of steelmaking operations by enabling the monitoring and control of the alloying process.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xin LIU, Yanping BAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanping BAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212410688602018619, articleId=1212410685917663985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=炼钢用合金减量化技术进展, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

炼钢合金化过程中的合金减量化技术旨在减少合金元素的使用,降低生产成本,同时确保最终的钢材仍然具有所需的性能和特性。介绍了铁合金的理化特性,利用转鼓实验定量评价铁合金粉化性能。在使用过程中应根据合金粒度和密度进行梯级存放,确保其吸收率,且在存储、转运和使用过程中应尽量减少碰撞,避免入炉前的粉化损失。利用神经网络及大数据模型建立炼钢合金减量化智能控制系统,已应用于国内10余家钢铁企业。基于现场操作数据及过程分析,给出定制化合金循环替代方案,降低钢铁企业铁合金使用成本。在冶炼特定钢种时应注意合金中有害元素含量,同时针对合金主成分变化做出精细化选择,减少因合金成分波动引起的成本增加。通过分析当前炼钢用合金减量化技术,提出了未来铁合金减量化方法的改进方向和趋势:一是注重铁合金品质的提升,减少不必要的合金元素使用,避免资源浪费;二是提升数字化和自动化技术水平,以监测和控制合金化过程,提高炼钢工艺的稳定性和可控性。

, authors=

刘昕,博士研究生,研究方向为炼钢用合金减量化,电子信箱:

, authorsList=刘昕, 包燕平, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=包燕平, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
包燕平(通信作者),教授,研究方向为洁净钢与夹杂物控制,电子信箱:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HxRvkBQb3x1nqgqzCWA29g==, magXml=HxRvkBQb3x1nqgqzCWA29g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zcqe3xG3ix2NxlDx9glA/g==, pdfFileSize=3398454, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=KZmlciMzS0e/aS91PgtRgg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=BniG1sU5/gRCg3OFUUkB3A==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1242145986995364212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=L15755584029@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242145987075055990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, authorId=1242145986995364212, language=EN, stringName=Xin LIU, firstName=Xin, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1State Key Lab of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242145987142164855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, authorId=1242145986995364212, language=CN, stringName=刘昕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京 100083, bio={"content":"

刘昕,博士研究生,研究方向为炼钢用合金减量化,电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刘昕,博士研究生,研究方向为炼钢用合金减量化,电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242145986911478127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145986932449648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, companyId=1242145986911478127, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Lab of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145986940838257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, companyId=1242145986911478127, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京 100083)])]), Author(id=1242145987213468025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=baoyp@ustb.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242145987293159803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, authorId=1242145987213468025, language=EN, stringName=Yanping BAO, firstName=Yanping, middleName=null, lastName=BAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1State Key Lab of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242145987364462972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, authorId=1242145987213468025, language=CN, stringName=包燕平, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京 100083, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242145986911478127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145986932449648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, companyId=1242145986911478127, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Lab of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145986940838257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, companyId=1242145986911478127, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京 100083)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1242145987519652221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=double carbon), Keyword(id=1242145987603538302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=steelmaking ferroalloys), Keyword(id=1242145987666452863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=raw material analysis), Keyword(id=1242145987725173120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=cost optimization), Keyword(id=1242145987800670593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=intelligent control system), Keyword(id=1242145987863585154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=双碳), Keyword(id=1242145987943276931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=炼钢铁合金), Keyword(id=1242145988006191492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=原料分析), Keyword(id=1242145988073300357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=成本优化), Keyword(id=1242145988140409222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=智能控制系统)], refs=[Reference(id=1242145991151919511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=12, pageStart=1689, pageEnd=1697, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=郑瑞轩, 包燕平, 王仲亮, journalName=工程科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑瑞轩, 包燕平, 王仲亮. 炼钢合金减量化智能控制模型及其应用[J]. 工程科学学报, 2021, 43(12): 1689-1697., articleTitle=炼钢合金减量化智能控制模型及其应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991214834072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=7, pageStart=1171, pageEnd=1182, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=王仲亮, 顾超, 王敏, journalName=工程科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王仲亮, 顾超, 王敏, . 深度学习在炼钢过程中的研究进展及应用现状[J]. 工程科学学报, 2022, 44(7): 1171-1182., articleTitle=深度学习在炼钢过程中的研究进展及应用现状, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991277748633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=8, pageStart=127, pageEnd=136, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=简小枚, 汪鹏, 陈玮, journalName=科技导报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=简小枚, 汪鹏, 陈玮, . 中国钒资源全生命周期动态物质流分析[J]. 科技导报, 2022, 40(8): 127-136., articleTitle=中国钒资源全生命周期动态物质流分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991344857498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=53, issue=4, pageStart=2364, pageEnd=2376, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Pitkälä J, Holappa L, Jokilaakso A, journalName=Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pitkälä J, Holappa L, Jokilaakso A. A study of the effect of alloying elements and temperature on nitrogen solubility in industrial stainless steelmaking[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2022, 53(4): 2364-2376., articleTitle=A study of the effect of alloying elements and temperature on nitrogen solubility in industrial stainless steelmaking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991411966363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=4, pageStart=280, pageEnd=288, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=张笑盼, 华承健, 徐维利, journalName=江西冶金, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张笑盼, 华承健, 徐维利, . 炼钢过程中铁合金减量化技术研究[J]. 江西冶金, 2024, 44(4): 280-288., articleTitle=炼钢过程中铁合金减量化技术研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991474880924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王仲亮. 钢液洁净化脱氧技术基础研究及在高品质轴承钢中的应用[D]. 北京: 北京科技大学, 2025., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991541989789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=43, issue=1, pageStart=47, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=王星, 危尚好, 秦登平, journalName=冶金自动化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王星, 危尚好, 秦登平, . 炼钢合金最小成本控制系统的开发及应用[J]. 冶金自动化, 2019, 43(1): 47-52., articleTitle=炼钢合金最小成本控制系统的开发及应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991609098654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=47, issue=6, pageStart=41, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=蔡常青, journalName=福建冶金, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔡常青. 铁合金在炼钢使用的质量要求与降成本情况[J]. 福建冶金, 2018, 47(6): 41-43., articleTitle=铁合金在炼钢使用的质量要求与降成本情况, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991676207519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=8, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=胥昌第, journalName=冶金管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胥昌第. 铁合金在炼钢生产中的作用[J]. 冶金管理, 2009(10): 8-9., articleTitle=铁合金在炼钢生产中的作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991739122080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=25, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=朱建忠, 刘玉宝, journalName=新疆钢铁, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱建忠, 刘玉宝. 铝锰铁合金用于转炉炼钢脱氧的探讨[J]. 新疆钢铁, 2004(1): 25-26., articleTitle=铝锰铁合金用于转炉炼钢脱氧的探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991810425249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=7, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=杜成武, 朱苗勇, 董世泽, journalName=铁合金, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杜成武, 朱苗勇, 董世泽, . 硅铝钡铁合金在炼钢中的脱氧研究[J]. 铁合金, 2003(2): 7-10., articleTitle=硅铝钡铁合金在炼钢中的脱氧研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991877534114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=45, issue=2, pageStart=57, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=郭军, 闻昕舒, 赵一鹏, journalName=铁合金, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭军, 闻昕舒, 赵一鹏, . 中国铁合金行业技术进步现状及预测[J]. 铁合金, 2014, 45(2): 57-64., articleTitle=中国铁合金行业技术进步现状及预测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991932060067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=51, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=赵跃萍, 李水娥, 张金柱, journalName=炼钢, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵跃萍, 李水娥, 张金柱, . 硅系铁合金在钢包内作用规律的研究及应用[J]. 炼钢, 2003(4): 51-55., articleTitle=硅系铁合金在钢包内作用规律的研究及应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145991999168932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄合生, 炼钢用铁合金检验检测技术开发及应用[R]. 韶关: 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992083055013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=44, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=陈海堤, 邓琴, 王涛, journalName=大型铸锻件, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈海堤, 邓琴, 王涛, . 炼钢车间铁合金节约管理措施[J]. 大型铸锻件, 2013(6): 44-45., articleTitle=炼钢车间铁合金节约管理措施, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992150163878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=包燕平, 王仲亮, 王敏. 使用转鼓定量评价炼钢用铁合金抗碎性和耐磨性的方法[P]. 北京: CN111610305B, 2021−11−09., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992255021479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=40, issue=9, pageStart=1017, pageEnd=1026, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=包燕平, 张超杰, 王敏, journalName=工程科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=包燕平, 张超杰, 王敏. 炼钢过程中合金减量化研究现状及展望[J]. 工程科学学报, 2018, 40(9): 1017-1026., articleTitle=炼钢过程中合金减量化研究现状及展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992326324649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=14, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=何孝雨, 王敏, 冀建立, journalName=炼钢, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何孝雨, 王敏, 冀建立, . 基于GA−BP神经网络预测转炉出钢过程Mn元素合金化收得率[J]. 炼钢, 2022, 38(4): 14-20., articleTitle=基于GA−BP神经网络预测转炉出钢过程Mn元素合金化收得率, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992401822122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=34, issue=11, pageStart=1256, pageEnd=1261, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=邓志银, 朱苗勇, 钟保军, journalName=北京科技大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓志银, 朱苗勇, 钟保军, . 不同脱氧方式对钢中夹杂物的影响[J]. 北京科技大学学报, 2012, 34(11): 1256-1261., articleTitle=不同脱氧方式对钢中夹杂物的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992464736683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=43, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=周德光, 罗伯钢, 曾立, journalName=炼钢, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周德光, 罗伯钢, 曾立, . 钢中氮的控制及其对质量的影响[J]. 炼钢, 2005(1): 43-46., articleTitle=钢中氮的控制及其对质量的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992540234156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=64, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=卢耀华, journalName=宝钢技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卢耀华. 含硼淬透性钢的微合金化元素稳定性控制[J]. 宝钢技术, 2014(1): 64-68., articleTitle=含硼淬透性钢的微合金化元素稳定性控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992607343021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=40, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=王明林, 成国光, 赵沛, journalName=钢铁研究学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王明林, 成国光, 赵沛, . 含钛低碳钢凝固过程中氧化钛形成的热力学[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2004(3): 40-43., articleTitle=含钛低碳钢凝固过程中氧化钛形成的热力学, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992674451886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=18, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=赖云, 邹锦忠, journalName=江西冶金, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赖云, 邹锦忠. 硅锰和铝锰脱氧合金化实践[J]. 江西冶金, 2005(4): 18-20., articleTitle=硅锰和铝锰脱氧合金化实践, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992745755055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=35, issue=4, pageStart=11, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=朱秋菊, journalName=甘肃冶金, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱秋菊. 纯钙包芯线在转炉炼钢中合金替代的研究[J]. 甘肃冶金, 2013, 35(4): 11-12., articleTitle=纯钙包芯线在转炉炼钢中合金替代的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992817058224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=柴丽涛, 任剑波, 孙巧梅. 使用SiC替代部分FeSi和增碳剂的生产实践[C]//2012年全国炼钢—连铸生产技术会. 北京: 中国金属学会, 2012: 4., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992888361393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张胜利, 李海峰, 吴本胜, 等. 钢中残余铬替代部分锰的生产应用[C]//2014年全国炼钢—连铸生产技术会. 北京: 中国金属学会, 2014: 4., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145992963858866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=28, issue=null, pageStart=538, pageEnd=551, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Madhavan N, Brooks G A, Rhamdhani M A, journalName=Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Madhavan N, Brooks G A, Rhamdhani M A, et al. General heat balance for oxygen steelmaking[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2021, 28: 538-551., articleTitle=General heat balance for oxygen steelmaking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145993026773427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=249, pageEnd=258, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Liu X, Bao Y P, Hua C J, journalName=Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu X, Bao Y P, Hua C J, et al. Denaturation behavior of inclusions in industrial pure iron by calcium treatment[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2023, 30(2): 249-258., articleTitle=Denaturation behavior of inclusions in industrial pure iron by calcium treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145993114853812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=53, issue=null, pageStart=5455, pageEnd=5516, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Khan A, Sohail A, Zahoora U, journalName=Artificial Intelligence Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Khan A, Sohail A, Zahoora U, et al. A survey of the recent architectures of deep convolutional neural networks[J]. Artificial Intelligence Review, 2020, 53: 5455-5516., articleTitle=A survey of the recent architectures of deep convolutional neural networks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145993181962677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=95, issue=null, pageStart=125, pageEnd=142, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Acosta S M, Amoroso A L, Anna A M O S, journalName=Applied Mathematical Modelling, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Acosta S M, Amoroso A L, Anna A M O S, et al. Relevance vector machine with tuning based on self−adaptive differential evolution approach for predictive modelling of a chemical process[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2021, 95: 125-142., articleTitle=Relevance vector machine with tuning based on self−adaptive differential evolution approach for predictive modelling of a chemical process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145993257460150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=48, issue=null, pageStart=25, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Coronado P D U, Lynn R, Louhichi W, journalName=Journal of Manufacturing Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Coronado P D U, Lynn R, Louhichi W, et al. Part data integration in the Shop Floor Digital Twin: Mobile and cloud technologies to enable a manufacturing execution system[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2018, 48: 25-33., articleTitle=Part data integration in the Shop Floor Digital Twin: Mobile and cloud technologies to enable a manufacturing execution system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145993337151927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=28, issue=null, pageStart=1288, pageEnd=1297, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Chu J H, Bao Y P, journalName=International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chu J H, Bao Y P. Mn evaporation and denitrification behaviors of molten Mn steel in the vacuum refining with slag process[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2021, 28: 1288-1297., articleTitle=Mn evaporation and denitrification behaviors of molten Mn steel in the vacuum refining with slag process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145993412649400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=49, issue=null, pageStart=537, pageEnd=557, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Rout B K, Brooks G, Rhamdhani M A, journalName=Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rout B K, Brooks G, Rhamdhani M A, et al. Dynamic model of basic oxygen steelmaking process based on multi−zone reaction kinetics: Model derivation and validation[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2018, 49: 537-557., articleTitle=Dynamic model of basic oxygen steelmaking process based on multi−zone reaction kinetics: Model derivation and validation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145993483952569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=47, issue=10, pageStart=1176, pageEnd=1187, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Kwon S H, Hong D G, Yim C H, journalName=Ironmaking & Steelmaking, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kwon S H, Hong D G, Yim C H. Prediction of hot ductility of steels from elemental composition and thermal history by deep neural networks[J]. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2020, 47(10): 1176-1187., articleTitle=Prediction of hot ductility of steels from elemental composition and thermal history by deep neural networks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145993559450042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=null, pageStart=100356, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Zhang C J, Zhang Y C, Han Y, journalName=Journal of Industrial Information Integration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang C J, Zhang Y C, Han Y. Industrial cyber−physical system driven intelligent prediction model for converter end carbon content in steelmaking plants[J]. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 2022, 28: 100356., articleTitle=Industrial cyber−physical system driven intelligent prediction model for converter end carbon content in steelmaking plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145993626558907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=93, issue=2, pageStart=2100433, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Feng K, Yang L, Su B, journalName=Steel Research International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng K, Yang L, Su B, et al. An integration model for converter molten steel end temperature prediction based on Bayesian formula[J]. Steel Research International, 2022, 93(2): 2100433., articleTitle=An integration model for converter molten steel end temperature prediction based on Bayesian formula, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145995090371006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=56, issue=11, pageStart=813, pageEnd=821, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Park T C, Kim B S, Kim T Y, journalName=Korean Journal of Metals and Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Park T C, Kim B S, Kim T Y, et al. Comparative study of estimation methods of the endpoint temperature in basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process with selection of input parameters[J]. Korean Journal of Metals and Materials, 2018, 56(11): 813-821., articleTitle=Comparative study of estimation methods of the endpoint temperature in basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process with selection of input parameters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145995157479872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=6, pageStart=677, pageEnd=684, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Zhang Y, Zhang C J, Zeng K, journalName=Ironmaking & Steelmaking, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y, Zhang C J, Zeng K, et al. Research on terminal control model of intelligent mining of flame spectral information of converter mouth in late smelting stage[J]. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2021, 48(6): 677-684., articleTitle=Research on terminal control model of intelligent mining of flame spectral information of converter mouth in late smelting stage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145995232977347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=52, issue=9, pageStart=1585, pageEnd=1590, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Wang Z, Chang J, Ju Q P, journalName=ISIJ International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Z, Chang J, Ju Q P, et al. Prediction model of end−point manganese content for BOF steelmaking process[J]. ISIJ International, 2012, 52(9): 1585-1590., articleTitle=Prediction model of end−point manganese content for BOF steelmaking process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145995329446342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=11, pageStart=1987, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Gu M, Xu A, Wang H, journalName=Processes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gu M, Xu A, Wang H, et al. Real−time dynamic carbon content prediction model for second blowing stage in BOF based on CBR and LSTM[J]. Processes, 2021, 9(11): 1987., articleTitle=Real−time dynamic carbon content prediction model for second blowing stage in BOF based on CBR and LSTM, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242145995400749512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=10, issue=2, pageStart=509, pageEnd=524, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Liu X, Bao Y P, Zhao L H, journalName=Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu X, Bao Y P, Zhao L H, et al. Establishment and application of steel composition prediction model based on t−Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t−SNE) dimensionality reduction algorithm[J]. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 2024, 10(2): 509-524., articleTitle=Establishment and application of steel composition prediction model based on t−Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t−SNE) dimensionality reduction algorithm, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242145986911478127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145986932449648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, companyId=1242145986911478127, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Lab of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145986940838257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, companyId=1242145986911478127, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京 100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242145988379484551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SHGOvQdwC8t+AUDk/YnxMQ==, figureFileBig=leYBpgPhCW0Fo8k99I/fig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145988446593416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, label=图1, caption=合金粒度、密度统计, figureFileSmall=SHGOvQdwC8t+AUDk/YnxMQ==, figureFileBig=leYBpgPhCW0Fo8k99I/fig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145988656308617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IiSyzFSQXZTQZxEXI9lE5g==, figureFileBig=YSGXuoJkwXXP+G4FDpdljQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145988731806090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, label=图2, caption=合金抗碎性和耐磨性评价转鼓实验装置, figureFileSmall=IiSyzFSQXZTQZxEXI9lE5g==, figureFileBig=YSGXuoJkwXXP+G4FDpdljQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145988790526347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=aOZTTGR/75XNB0K5Xd5bfg==, figureFileBig=GVqrijjTm5t5XZB5yjk6+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145988866023820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, label=图3, caption=合金强度和耐磨性对比, figureFileSmall=aOZTTGR/75XNB0K5Xd5bfg==, figureFileBig=GVqrijjTm5t5XZB5yjk6+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145988941521293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yb1EajAV+PHriGZ0qvQ0QQ==, figureFileBig=FwZvx2ugyvgYzGxqihPVug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145989008630158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, label=图4, caption=铁合金主成分波动对比, figureFileSmall=yb1EajAV+PHriGZ0qvQ0QQ==, figureFileBig=FwZvx2ugyvgYzGxqihPVug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145989071544719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Y6/PtovEmdLKAt9Z+3Vt0Q==, figureFileBig=pYxSbKIHXC88yTC4AzUsQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145989138653584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, label=图5, caption=合金配料优化降本效果对比, figureFileSmall=Y6/PtovEmdLKAt9Z+3Vt0Q==, figureFileBig=pYxSbKIHXC88yTC4AzUsQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145990627631505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nQa/FVhieUqMnYWZVTK4DA==, figureFileBig=S8KK+wESs+P6VOA/Y1hPdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145990694740370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, label=图6, caption=终点碳含量预测模型效果对比, figureFileSmall=nQa/FVhieUqMnYWZVTK4DA==, figureFileBig=S8KK+wESs+P6VOA/Y1hPdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242145990761849235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
合金
种类
<1 mm
合金粒/g
1~10 mm
合金粒/g
10~20 mm
合金粒/g
>20 mm
合金粒/g
总计 粉化
系数/%
硅锰 62.37 43.87 23.24 1975.13 2105.61 5.05
硅铁 69.31 29.72 45.12 1965.26 2109.41 4.69
低碳
铬铁
3.94 17.24 0.00 2095.41 2116.59 1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1242145990845735316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

合金粉化率对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
合金
种类
<1 mm
合金粒/g
1~10 mm
合金粒/g
10~20 mm
合金粒/g
>20 mm
合金粒/g
总计 粉化
系数/%
硅锰 62.37 43.87 23.24 1975.13 2105.61 5.05
硅铁 69.31 29.72 45.12 1965.26 2109.41 4.69
低碳
铬铁
3.94 17.24 0.00 2095.41 2116.59 1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1242145990917038485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
合金种类 O/% N/% Ti/% B/%
硅锰 0.520 0.0230 0.18 0.001
硅铁 0.240 0.0064 0.26 0.030
低碳铬铁 0.016 0.0420 <0.01 <0.010
), ArticleFig(id=1242145990992535958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

铁合金中有害元素含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
合金种类 O/% N/% Ti/% B/%
硅锰 0.520 0.0230 0.18 0.001
硅铁 0.240 0.0064 0.26 0.030
低碳铬铁 0.016 0.0420 <0.01 <0.010
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1125356956822126595, delFlag=0, nameCn=科技导报, nameEn=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-7857, eissn=, cn=11-1421/N, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Rev, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1784015846012, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=K, firstLetterEn=K, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=自然科学, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, picEn=yjSfclmpNm7ihn9NbTZ69g==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283818766098219763, language=CN, name=科技导报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国科学技术协会, publishedBy=科技导报社, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/home, createdTime=1784015846037, updatedTime=1784015846037, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283818766144357108, language=EN, name=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/home, createdTime=1784015846048, updatedTime=1784015846048, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031591421210625, websiteList=[Website(id=1146104741081231361, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751182263881, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1751778001962, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科技导报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148021146403992296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751639170504, updateTime=1751639170504, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146378826469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751639170498, updateTime=1751639170498, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146366243556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1751639170495, updateTime=1751639170495, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146395603687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751639170502, updateTime=1751639170502, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146387215078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751639170500, updateTime=1751639170500, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1146105254833139715, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1751182386363, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753500121937, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science & Technology Review, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155838567709528217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753502988984, updateTime=1753502988984, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567692750998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753502988980, updateTime=1753502988980, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567688556693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1753502988979, updateTime=1753502988979, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567705333912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1753502988983, updateTime=1753502988983, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567701139607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1753502988982, updateTime=1753502988982, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科技导报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science & Technology Review, journalPhotoCn=wfghvu3bhh/dKxuZ+ucVHA==, journalPhotoEn=yjSfclmpNm7ihn9NbTZ69g==, journalFirstLetter=K, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=0.91, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01086, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01086, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01086, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01086, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1762963200000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
炼钢用合金减量化技术进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
刘昕 1 , 包燕平 1, *
科技导报 | 特色专题 2025,43(21): 61-68
收起
收藏切换
科技导报 |特色专题 2025 , 43 (21) : 61 -68
炼钢用合金减量化技术进展
全屏
[Author(id=1242145986995364212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=L15755584029@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242145987075055990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, authorId=1242145986995364212, language=EN, stringName=Xin LIU, firstName=Xin, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1State Key Lab of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242145987142164855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, authorId=1242145986995364212, language=CN, stringName=刘昕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京 100083, bio={"content":"

刘昕,博士研究生,研究方向为炼钢用合金减量化,电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刘昕,博士研究生,研究方向为炼钢用合金减量化,电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242145986911478127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145986932449648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, companyId=1242145986911478127, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Lab of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145986940838257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, companyId=1242145986911478127, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京 100083)])]), Author(id=1242145987213468025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=baoyp@ustb.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242145987293159803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, authorId=1242145987213468025, language=EN, stringName=Yanping BAO, firstName=Yanping, middleName=null, lastName=BAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1State Key Lab of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242145987364462972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, authorId=1242145987213468025, language=CN, stringName=包燕平, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京 100083, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242145986911478127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145986932449648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, companyId=1242145986911478127, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Lab of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242145986940838257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1212410685917663985, companyId=1242145986911478127, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京 100083)])])]
刘昕1 , 包燕平1, *
作者信息
  • 1北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京 100083
通讯作者:
包燕平(通信作者),教授,研究方向为洁净钢与夹杂物控制,电子信箱:
Progress of steelmaking alloy reduction technology
Xin LIU1 , Yanping BAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Lab of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-11-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01086
文章导航
收藏切换

炼钢合金化过程中的合金减量化技术旨在减少合金元素的使用,降低生产成本,同时确保最终的钢材仍然具有所需的性能和特性。介绍了铁合金的理化特性,利用转鼓实验定量评价铁合金粉化性能。在使用过程中应根据合金粒度和密度进行梯级存放,确保其吸收率,且在存储、转运和使用过程中应尽量减少碰撞,避免入炉前的粉化损失。利用神经网络及大数据模型建立炼钢合金减量化智能控制系统,已应用于国内10余家钢铁企业。基于现场操作数据及过程分析,给出定制化合金循环替代方案,降低钢铁企业铁合金使用成本。在冶炼特定钢种时应注意合金中有害元素含量,同时针对合金主成分变化做出精细化选择,减少因合金成分波动引起的成本增加。通过分析当前炼钢用合金减量化技术,提出了未来铁合金减量化方法的改进方向和趋势:一是注重铁合金品质的提升,减少不必要的合金元素使用,避免资源浪费;二是提升数字化和自动化技术水平,以监测和控制合金化过程,提高炼钢工艺的稳定性和可控性。

双碳  /  炼钢铁合金  /  原料分析  /  成本优化  /  智能控制系统

The production of ferroalloys necessitates the consumption of substantial quantities of alloy materials. Achieving the national "dual carbon" strategic goals and reducing energy consumption in the steel industry necessitates the implementation of scientific and practical methods and approaches for ferroalloy charging. The objective of alloy reduction technology in the steelmaking alloying process is twofold: first, to minimize the use of alloying elements, and second, to reduce production costs, while ensuring that the final steel retains the required properties and characteristics. The present paper introduces the physicochemical properties of ferroalloys and employs drum tests to quantitatively evaluate their pulverization performance. During handling, alloys should be stored in tiered arrangements based on particle size and density to ensure absorption rates. It is imperative to mitigate the occurrence of collisions during storage, transportation, and utilization to avert pulverization losses prior to furnace entry. An intelligent control system for alloy reduction in steelmaking, developed using neural networks and big data models, has been successfully implemented in over ten domestic steel enterprises. The substitution of customized alloy recycling plans, derived from field operation data and process analysis, has been demonstrated to reduce ferroalloy usage costs for steel producers. In the process of smelting particular steel grades, it is imperative to exercise caution with regard to the presence of deleterious elements within the alloy. Concurrently, precise selection should be made based on changes in the main alloy components to reduce cost increases caused by fluctuations in alloy composition. By analyzing current alloy reduction technologies in steelmaking, this study proposes future improvement directions and trends for ferroalloy reduction methods. Initial efforts must concentrate on the enhancement of ferroalloy quality, with the objective of reducing the usage of superfluous alloy elements and averting the squandering of resources. Secondly, the advancement of digitalization and automation technologies has the potential to enhance the stability and controllability of steelmaking operations by enabling the monitoring and control of the alloying process.

double carbon  /  steelmaking ferroalloys  /  raw material analysis  /  cost optimization  /  intelligent control system
刘昕, 包燕平. 炼钢用合金减量化技术进展. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (21) : 61 -68 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01086
Xin LIU, Yanping BAO. Progress of steelmaking alloy reduction technology[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (21) : 61 -68 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01086
《国务院关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见》指出,到2025年,中国绿色低碳循环发展的经济体系初步形成,重点行业能源利用效率大幅提升。非化石能源消费比重达到20%左右,为实现碳达峰碳中和奠定坚实基础。2022年中国铁合金产量3410.1万t,2023年产能接近6000万t,炼钢铁合金消耗超过3000万t。国内铁合金产量需求已基本饱和,加之国家政策推进落后产能逐步淘汰,同时抑制了铁合金产能的盲目新增。铁合金生产过程排放大量烟尘、废渣和废水等污染物,在当前国家“双碳”战略目标下,减少炼钢铁合金消耗,实现能源资源高效利用,是钢铁企业节能降耗的必经之路[13]。炼钢过程中合金化成本占总成本的5%~10%,铁合金种类繁多且价格参差,炼钢过程中合金选择不当会造成大量资源浪费,同时影响钢产品的质量,因此铁合金加料需要科学且实用的模式与手段[47]
由于铁合金在运输及储存过程中均会发生不同程度的粉化,小颗粒合金在加料过程会被反应器上部烟尘管道抽吸,极大影响了铁合金的收得率及使用效率。本文使用转鼓设备预先检测各种铁合金的强度及粉化性,跟踪并反馈各批次合金在合金化过程中的使用情况。同时,建立炼钢铁合金减量化智能控制系统,相较于落后的凭人工经验铁合金加入方法,此系统包含热力学及物理化学等科学计算方法,精确各炉次铁合金加入量,避免合金浪费,提高合金使用效率。炼钢用合金减量化技术对转炉炼钢精确控制及降低炼钢成本具有重要的现实意义。
铁合金主要用于调整钢液成分和脱除钢中杂质,主要作炼钢的脱氧剂和合金元素添加剂[8]。铁合金的种类可分为铁基合金、纯金属合金、复合合金、稀土合金、氧化物合金。目前,转炉炼钢常用铁合金有硅锰、硅铁、高/中/低碳锰铁、高/中/低碳铬铁、钛铁、钼铁、镍铁等[9]。硅铁是一种常用的铁合金,主要元素为Fe和Si,通常用于生产碳钢和合金钢,可以改善钢的液态流动性和热传导性,同时减少钢液氧含量,降低气孔的形成。锰铁含有Fe和Mn元素,锰是一种强化元素,能够提高钢的强度和耐磨性,通常用于生产高强度钢和耐磨钢。铝合金可以用于改善钢的脱氧和脱硫效果,生产低碳钢时,添加铝合金可以改善钢液脱氧效果和钢产品的表面质量。铬是一种耐腐蚀元素,使钢具有良好的抗腐蚀性能,因此用于生产不锈钢和高铬钢。钛铁通常用于生产高强度合金钢[1011]
合金物理属性(粒度、密度)影响合金收得率和钢的洁净度[1213]。合金的粒度指的是铁合金的颗粒大小,粒度大小与合金化过程中合金块的分布和混合相关,进而影响合金熔化反应速率和均匀性。通常粒度较小的合金更容易与钢液混合,同一炉中粒度不均匀可能导致部分合金未能完全熔化,使得收得率降低。合金的密度是指单位体积内合金的质量。较高密度的合金具有较大的惯性。合金密度不同影响合金熔化时的分层和沉积行为,可能导致某些区域的合金浪费,从而降低了合金的收得率[1415]
收集某钢铁厂2022年4—6月使用的3种合金(硅锰、硅铁、低碳铬铁),针对合金粒度、合金密度进行试验分析,并与同类厂家所使用的合金进行对比。如图1所示,硅锰A金粒度分布为28~72 mm,平均粒度46.9 mm,粒度40~50 mm的合金占比最大,为40%;通过排水法测定密度为5.992 g/cm3。硅铁合金粒度在30~65 mm分布,平均粒度43.05 mm,粒度30~40 mm的合金占比最大,为52.4%;通过排水法测定密度为2.891 g/cm3。低碳铬铁合金粒度在52~67mm分布,平均粒度61.2 mm,粒度60~70 mm的合金占比最大,为77.8%;通过排水法测定密度为7.141 g/cm3。硅铁合金密度最小,粒度小于40 mm的合金块较多,在合金化过程中应注意加入时机,如在冶炼铝脱氧钢时,加完铝锭脱氧后,应尽快加入硅铁进行合金化,防止因粒度密度小,合金浮在钢液上部熔化较慢,导致收得率降低。低碳铬铁合金密度和平均直径最大,考虑到铬系合金价格较贵,在运输和使用过程中应合理保存,确保其吸收率。
为定量化评价合金在上料系统中经受碰撞后的破碎情况,包燕平团队[1617]图2所示装置对铁合金的抗碎性和耐磨性进行检测。将待测铁合金置于转鼓,在鼓转动过程中依靠合金自身及与壁面的相互摩擦碰撞,使得合金开裂破碎,筛分转鼓后合金粒度与入转鼓前总量的比来评价合金的抗碎性与耐磨性。该方法可以方便、准确、定量地评价出炼钢用合金的抗碎性和耐磨性。
图3表1为合金强度和耐磨性对比结果。选定表1中粒度<1 mm及1~10 mm的合金粒为粉化粒度,小于1 mm的颗粒易受真空抽吸或浮于渣层而难以进入钢液,而大于10 mm的颗粒动能大,可穿透渣层,且在钢液内充分熔化和扩散,有利于获得均匀成分的同时提高合金收得率[18]。一般认为,粉化率小于5%时,合金强度和耐磨性较好,对元素收得率影响较小。硅锰合金粉化系数为5.05%,硅铁抗粉化性一般,粉化系数为4.69%,低碳铬铁粉化系数为1.18%,抗粉化性较好。
铁合金中的有害元素氧(O)、氮(N)、硼(B)、钛(Ti)可以对钢液成分和性能产生一定的影响[1922]。O在钢中的存在通常以氧化物形式存在。高氧含量会降低钢的纯度,导致气孔和夹杂物的形成。N在钢中以氮化物的形式存在,可以降低钢的韧性和强度。氧和氮的含量必须保持在可接受的低水平。B是一种微量元素,可以用作脱氧剂和固溶强化剂,适度的硼含量可以提高钢的硬度和强度,但过高的硼含量可能导致钢发生冷脆。Ti可以用作脱氧剂和结晶核生成剂,适度的钛含量可以改善钢的机械性能和焊接性能,但过高的钛含量可能导致块状碳化物的形成,影响韧性。因此,对铁合金化学成分进行检测,检测项目包括O、N、Ti、B等成分,其中,B、Ti的测定方法为电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法ICP−AES,N、O采用金属中氢氧氮测定方法,检测结果如表2所示。硅锰、硅铁中氧含量分别为0.52%、0.24%,氧含量较高,低碳铬铁氧含量为0.016%。
铁合金主成分波动对炼钢成本影响巨大。以某厂硅锰合金为例,如图4所示,硅锰中Mn含量64.6%~66.3%,假设钢水量为80 t,当硅锰中Mn含量为64.6%,钢液每增0.1%的Mn所需硅锰合金130 kg;当硅锰中Mn含量为66.6%,钢液每增0.1%的Mn所需硅锰合金126 kg,相差4 kg。以Q345B钢种为例,需增1.2%Mn,品位64.6%和品位66.3%的批次硅锰加入量相差48 kg,折合每炉相差376元。精准掌握铁合金主成分对炼钢降本增效效果显著。
合金替代是一种策略,旨在不影响钢的组成或性能的前提下,用成本较低的合金来替代昂贵合金,以高碳合金替代中碳合金,以中碳合金替代低碳合金。合金替代技术的研究主要从2个方面展开,一方面关注合金的种类和炼钢工艺,以确保钢的成分满足要求;另一方面,考虑了合金元素对钢材性能的影响,以确保钢材的性能符合标准。
新余钢铁集团有限公司[23]对氧气顶吹转炉采用硅锰和铝锰替代硅铁、锰铁和铝锭。试验表明,铝的回收率提高20%以上,硅回收率提高5%左右。莱芜钢铁[24]在LF精炼炉(钢包精炼炉)上进行了纯钙包芯线合金替代试验,不同钢种钙平均收得率在16.02%~31.42%,较之前工艺喂线量降低1/3,降本效益明显。河北钢铁集团宣化钢铁集团有限责任公司[25]炼钢利用SiC替代部分FeSi进行合金化。与原工艺对比,钢液成分内控率提高,吨钢成本降低1.7元。宝武集团鄂城钢铁有限公司[26]利用钢中残余铬代替部分锰,吨钢成本降低10元左右。
包燕平团队在合金配料结构优化方向持续研究,使用检化验系统数据、转炉及精炼记录数据,研究出钢合金化合金控制情况。使用高性价比合金,针对特定钢种,制定合金配料方案,计算合金降本空间。研究工艺参数对合金配料影响,通过配料模式优化,搭配使用高性价比合金,实现合金成本的降低。当A厂冶炼Q355钢(80 t钢水/炉)时,使用硅锰完全代替硅铁,并用中锰代替部分低锰进行合金化试验。经过计算,当钢水残锰含量为0.1%,残碳含量大于0.065%,目标碳含量为0.09%时,采用硅锰完全代替硅铁;当残碳小于0.065%时可以使用中锰,当硅锰价格MMn<5820~88880×(残碳百分数)时,采用中锰替代部分低锰成本更低。如图5(a)所示,合金配料结构优化后吨钢成本降低12.5元。B厂冶炼20钢时,采用72型金属硅代替硅铁合金进行脱氧合金化。当P72Si<PSiFe(Si%72Si/Si%SiFe),其中P72SiPSiFe分别代表72型金属硅与硅铁的单价,Si%72Si、Si%SiFe分别代表72型金属硅与硅铁中硅元素的质量分数,选用72型金属硅性价比更高。如图5(b)所示,替代后吨钢合金成本降低1.45元。
转炉炼钢时,在出钢过程加入铁合金。但出钢时间非常短,冶金工作者常需要在转炉出钢前将铁合金称量完成,而此时转炉炼钢并未结束,吹炼终点成分不明确。因此,为保证转炉出钢时钢液的化学成分和温度合格,吹炼过程中转炉的稳定运行及转炉终点成分的准确预测尤为重要[2728]。目前,中国绝大多数钢厂主要依据现场操作人员利用人工经验对转炉炼钢终点进行人为控制,而人为操作经验仅仅是通过对现场生产以及生产控制数据的总结分析得到,难以达到稳定准确的效果。
随着工业4.0时代的到来及智能化制造的进步,人工智能在很多领域得到广泛应用,不仅提高了工业制造的效率,同时丰富了数据获取的手段[2930]。转炉炼钢是复杂的非线性过程,仅使用单纯的机理分析、统计回归等方法难以建立起精准的模型。炼钢过程中的转炉生产记录由加料系统、检化验系统上传至数据中心。制造执行系统(MES)对获取的炼钢过程数据进行分析计算,将最合适的铁合金配料方案反馈给现场操作人员[3132]。相较于落后的仅凭人工经验铁合金加入方法,此过程包含热力学、动力学及物理化学等科学计算方法,提高转炉终点成分预测精度,精确铁合金加入量,避免发生合金浪费且提高钢材质量[3334]
虽然目前关于炼钢过程合金元素收得率、元素成分及温度的预测较多,且得到了较好的预测效果,但仅停留在实验阶段,并未实际应用于工业生产[3537]。Zhang等[38]利用反向传播网络(BP)神经网络进行转炉炼钢后期碳温度的连续预测,终点预测精度超过89%。Wang等[39]结合遗传算法(GA)及神经网络的特点,建立GA−BP神经网络预测转炉终点Mn含量,预测误差在±0.03%和±0.025%以内时,准确率分别为90%和84%。Gu等[40]提出CBR(case−based reasoning)−LSTM(long short−term memory)模型预测转炉碳含量,该模型在±0.005%、±0.010%、±0.015%和±0.020%范围内的预测误差分别为25%、54%、71%和91%,预测精度高于传统计算模型。
为了推动合金降本增效、提高合金化过程合金配料操作的自动化水平,包燕平团队自主开发了具有合金收得率预测、合金化配料指导、合金最低成本核算等功能的“合金减量化控制模型”,应用于多家钢厂,取得较好的降低成本效果。选取200组现场生产数据进行模型算法准确率验证,以终点碳含量为例,模型采用t−SNE(t−distributed stochastic neighbor embedding)−PSO (particle swarm optimization)−BP神经网络进行预测。图6(a)、(b)为t−SNE−PSO−BP与传统BP预测模型精度对比,图6(c)、(d)为2种预测模型的误差对比。BP神经网络模型对转炉冶炼终点碳含量的预测精度不理想,模型的拟合度偏低,且某些炉次的预测误差较大。t−SNE−PSO−BP模型对转炉冶炼终点碳含量进行预测后所得的预测值与实测值的差距极小,除了7组测试数据有较小偏差,其余193组测试数据都分布在±2×10−6范围内,该模型的预测精度高达93.5%,明显高于BP碳含量预测模型[41]
为了验证该预测模型在实际生产过程中的应用效果,将其运用于炼钢合金智能化系统进行实际跟踪生产计算。结果表明,试验20炉次碳含量预测误差均在±1×10–6范围内。经模型预测转炉终点碳含量再加入合金后的成品碳含量控制比传统方式更稳定,控制范围更小,实现转炉炼钢过程中钢水成分的“窄成分”控制。
1) 合金理化特性(粒度、密度、粉化率、化学成分)影响合金收得率和钢的洁净度。利用转鼓设备检测合金强度和耐磨性。考虑到合金价格昂贵,在使用过程中应合理使用,例如根据合金粒度和密度进行梯级存放,确保其吸收率,且在存储、转运和使用过程中应尽量减少碰撞,避免入炉前的粉化损失。冶炼特定钢种时应注意合金中有害元素含量,同时针对合金主成分变化做出精细化选择,减少因合金成分波动引起的成本增加。
2) 合金替代指在不影响钢的组成或性能的前提下,以低价格合金替代高价格合金,使用高性价比合金。选择合理的合金配料结构,不仅降低炼钢成本,同时提高钢水质量,为企业降本增效提供优质方案。
3) 合金减量化成本控制系统是一款致力于降低钢铁企业炼钢成本,提高经济效益的智能化工业软件,为企业现场提供自动化、信息化的生产操作系统,实现从人为经验操作到自动化技术的提升,帮助用户实现原料管控、数据记录、数据复查、配料优化、成本监控等多项功能,为提升钢企综合竞争力提供技术支撑,现已成功应用于承德建龙特殊钢有限公司、建龙西林钢铁有限公司、大冶特殊钢有限公司等国内一线普钢特钢企业。
4) 钢铁行业的合金减量化技术发展近40年,未来该类技术发展方向应向2方面。一是注重铁合金品质的提升,减少不必要的合金元素使用,避免资源浪费。将环保和碳中和纳入合金生产的整个生命周期,以减少碳排放和环境影响。采用清洁能源、碳捕获技术和可持续生产方法。二是提升数字化和自动化技术水平,以监测和控制合金化过程,提高炼钢工艺的稳定性和可控性。综上,未来合金减量化技术的发展将主要关注可持续性、效率和环保,以满足不断增长的资源和环境挑战。这需要跨学科的研究和创新,以推动冶金工业向更可持续的方向发展。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
郑瑞轩, 包燕平, 王仲亮. 炼钢合金减量化智能控制模型及其应用[J]. 工程科学学报, 2021, 43(12): 1689-1697.
[2]
王仲亮, 顾超, 王敏, . 深度学习在炼钢过程中的研究进展及应用现状[J]. 工程科学学报, 2022, 44(7): 1171-1182.
[3]
简小枚, 汪鹏, 陈玮, . 中国钒资源全生命周期动态物质流分析[J]. 科技导报, 2022, 40(8): 127-136.
[4]
Pitkälä J, Holappa L, Jokilaakso A. A study of the effect of alloying elements and temperature on nitrogen solubility in industrial stainless steelmaking[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2022, 53(4): 2364-2376.
[5]
张笑盼, 华承健, 徐维利, . 炼钢过程中铁合金减量化技术研究[J]. 江西冶金, 2024, 44(4): 280-288.
[6]
王仲亮. 钢液洁净化脱氧技术基础研究及在高品质轴承钢中的应用[D]. 北京: 北京科技大学, 2025.
[7]
王星, 危尚好, 秦登平, . 炼钢合金最小成本控制系统的开发及应用[J]. 冶金自动化, 2019, 43(1): 47-52.
[8]
蔡常青. 铁合金在炼钢使用的质量要求与降成本情况[J]. 福建冶金, 2018, 47(6): 41-43.
[9]
胥昌第. 铁合金在炼钢生产中的作用[J]. 冶金管理, 2009(10): 8-9.
[10]
朱建忠, 刘玉宝. 铝锰铁合金用于转炉炼钢脱氧的探讨[J]. 新疆钢铁, 2004(1): 25-26.
[11]
杜成武, 朱苗勇, 董世泽, . 硅铝钡铁合金在炼钢中的脱氧研究[J]. 铁合金, 2003(2): 7-10.
[12]
郭军, 闻昕舒, 赵一鹏, . 中国铁合金行业技术进步现状及预测[J]. 铁合金, 2014, 45(2): 57-64.
[13]
赵跃萍, 李水娥, 张金柱, . 硅系铁合金在钢包内作用规律的研究及应用[J]. 炼钢, 2003(4): 51-55.
[14]
黄合生, 炼钢用铁合金检验检测技术开发及应用[R]. 韶关: 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司, 2022.
[15]
陈海堤, 邓琴, 王涛, . 炼钢车间铁合金节约管理措施[J]. 大型铸锻件, 2013(6): 44-45.
[16]
包燕平, 王仲亮, 王敏. 使用转鼓定量评价炼钢用铁合金抗碎性和耐磨性的方法[P]. 北京: CN111610305B, 2021−11−09.
[17]
包燕平, 张超杰, 王敏. 炼钢过程中合金减量化研究现状及展望[J]. 工程科学学报, 2018, 40(9): 1017-1026.
[18]
何孝雨, 王敏, 冀建立, . 基于GA−BP神经网络预测转炉出钢过程Mn元素合金化收得率[J]. 炼钢, 2022, 38(4): 14-20.
[19]
邓志银, 朱苗勇, 钟保军, . 不同脱氧方式对钢中夹杂物的影响[J]. 北京科技大学学报, 2012, 34(11): 1256-1261.
[20]
周德光, 罗伯钢, 曾立, . 钢中氮的控制及其对质量的影响[J]. 炼钢, 2005(1): 43-46.
[21]
卢耀华. 含硼淬透性钢的微合金化元素稳定性控制[J]. 宝钢技术, 2014(1): 64-68.
[22]
王明林, 成国光, 赵沛, . 含钛低碳钢凝固过程中氧化钛形成的热力学[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2004(3): 40-43.
[23]
赖云, 邹锦忠. 硅锰和铝锰脱氧合金化实践[J]. 江西冶金, 2005(4): 18-20.
[24]
朱秋菊. 纯钙包芯线在转炉炼钢中合金替代的研究[J]. 甘肃冶金, 2013, 35(4): 11-12.
[25]
柴丽涛, 任剑波, 孙巧梅. 使用SiC替代部分FeSi和增碳剂的生产实践[C]//2012年全国炼钢—连铸生产技术会. 北京: 中国金属学会, 2012: 4.
[26]
张胜利, 李海峰, 吴本胜, 等. 钢中残余铬替代部分锰的生产应用[C]//2014年全国炼钢—连铸生产技术会. 北京: 中国金属学会, 2014: 4.
[27]
Madhavan N, Brooks G A, Rhamdhani M A, et al. General heat balance for oxygen steelmaking[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2021, 28: 538-551.
[28]
Liu X, Bao Y P, Hua C J, et al. Denaturation behavior of inclusions in industrial pure iron by calcium treatment[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2023, 30(2): 249-258.
[29]
Khan A, Sohail A, Zahoora U, et al. A survey of the recent architectures of deep convolutional neural networks[J]. Artificial Intelligence Review, 2020, 53: 5455-5516.
[30]
Acosta S M, Amoroso A L, Anna A M O S, et al. Relevance vector machine with tuning based on self−adaptive differential evolution approach for predictive modelling of a chemical process[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2021, 95: 125-142.
[31]
Coronado P D U, Lynn R, Louhichi W, et al. Part data integration in the Shop Floor Digital Twin: Mobile and cloud technologies to enable a manufacturing execution system[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2018, 48: 25-33.
[32]
Chu J H, Bao Y P. Mn evaporation and denitrification behaviors of molten Mn steel in the vacuum refining with slag process[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2021, 28: 1288-1297.
[33]
Rout B K, Brooks G, Rhamdhani M A, et al. Dynamic model of basic oxygen steelmaking process based on multi−zone reaction kinetics: Model derivation and validation[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2018, 49: 537-557.
[34]
Kwon S H, Hong D G, Yim C H. Prediction of hot ductility of steels from elemental composition and thermal history by deep neural networks[J]. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2020, 47(10): 1176-1187.
[35]
Zhang C J, Zhang Y C, Han Y. Industrial cyber−physical system driven intelligent prediction model for converter end carbon content in steelmaking plants[J]. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 2022, 28: 100356.
[36]
Feng K, Yang L, Su B, et al. An integration model for converter molten steel end temperature prediction based on Bayesian formula[J]. Steel Research International, 2022, 93(2): 2100433.
[37]
Park T C, Kim B S, Kim T Y, et al. Comparative study of estimation methods of the endpoint temperature in basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process with selection of input parameters[J]. Korean Journal of Metals and Materials, 2018, 56(11): 813-821.
[38]
Zhang Y, Zhang C J, Zeng K, et al. Research on terminal control model of intelligent mining of flame spectral information of converter mouth in late smelting stage[J]. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2021, 48(6): 677-684.
[39]
Wang Z, Chang J, Ju Q P, et al. Prediction model of end−point manganese content for BOF steelmaking process[J]. ISIJ International, 2012, 52(9): 1585-1590.
[40]
Gu M, Xu A, Wang H, et al. Real−time dynamic carbon content prediction model for second blowing stage in BOF based on CBR and LSTM[J]. Processes, 2021, 9(11): 1987.
[41]
Liu X, Bao Y P, Zhao L H, et al. Establishment and application of steel composition prediction model based on t−Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t−SNE) dimensionality reduction algorithm[J]. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 2024, 10(2): 509-524.
2025年第43卷第21期
PDF下载
1338
795
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01086
  • 接收时间:2024-03-06
  • 首发时间:2025-12-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-13
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-06
  • 修回日期:2024-09-05
基金
作者信息
    1北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室,北京 100083

通讯作者:

包燕平(通信作者),教授,研究方向为洁净钢与夹杂物控制,电子信箱:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01086
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏