Article(id=1207358803461378213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1207293801786347529, articleNumber=null, orderNo=24, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.11.01686, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1700064000000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-16, revisedDate=1732550400000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765786370387, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1749744000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1750867200000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765786370387, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774079720003, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1207293801786347529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2025', volume='43', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='116', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749744000000', pubDateStr='2025-06-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765770872748, creator='system', updateTime=1774330933326, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243197298025545972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1207293801786347529, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243197298025545973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1207293801786347529, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=97, endPage=106, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207358803784339624, articleId=1207358803461378213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Multiomics research explores new therapies for inhibiting gastric cancer, columnId=1150494644690366681, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To confirm that vitamin B2 and butyrate could synergically enhance the killing effect on gastric cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of the combination of vitamin B2 and butyrate on BGC-823 gastric cancer cells was observed by cck-8 method. The combined effect of the two components was evaluated by Chou Talay medium effect analysis, and the morphological changes of the cells were observed by optical microscope. The effects of combination of vitamin B2 and butyrate on apoptosis and cell cycle of BGC-823 cells were observed by flow cytometry. The expression of PTEN and its downstream PI3K protein were determined by Western blot method. Through the effect on the tumor bearing nude mouse model, the anti-tumor effect of the combination was observed in vitro. A multivariate discriminant model was established through metabolomics analysis of multimetabolites in the serum of Gastric cancer group and Control group, the differential metabolites were initially screened, the pathway enrichment analysis and metabolic pathway analysis were conducted on the base. The results of cck-8 cell viability and Chou-Talay showed that vitamin B2 could synergically enhance the killing effect of butyrate on BGC-823 cells, and during the action, it affected cell differentiation, resulting in the enlargement of cell morphology and the obstruction of cell division. Flow cytometry showed that the combination of vitamin B2 and butyrate could significantly increase the apoptotic ratio of gastric cancer cells and block the cell cycle in G2/M phase. Western blot results showed that the combination of vitamin B2 and butyrate could significantly increase the level of PTEN protein, but significantly decrease the expression level of PI3K downstream. In vivo, the combination of vitamin B2 and butyrate can significantly inhibit the growth of nude mice tumor. Multivariate OPLS-DA model was successfully established by human metabolomics analysis, suggesting that butyric acid and vitamin B2 are significantly different metabolites in gastric cancer patients. Pathway enrichment analysis and pathway analysis showed that the metabolic pathway of fatty acids and B vitamins plays an important role in gastric cancer patients. The combination of vitamin B2 and butyrate can synergically enhance the inhibitory effect on the growth of gastric cancer.

, authors=null, authorsList=Li XIE, Wenyan SHI, Xinlin LI, Juanjuan XIONG, Jingjing LIU, Hongliang YAO, Chengyuan ZHOU, Wei HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1207358805445284042, articleId=1207358803461378213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=多组学研究探索抑制胃癌新疗法, columnId=1146540929516700224, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

选取人胃癌BGC-823细胞系为模型,通过多组学研究方法,探讨丁酸盐和B族维生素联用对癌细胞生长的影响及可能的作用机制。通过cck-8方法观察维生素B2与丁酸盐联合作用对胃癌细胞BGC-823的抑制作用,Chou-Talay中效分析法评价两组分的联合效应,并以光学显微镜观察细胞形态变化;通过流式细胞术观察维生素B2和丁酸盐联用对BGC-823细胞凋亡及细胞周期的影响;以Western blot方法测定抗癌基因蛋白PTEN及其下游PI3K蛋白表达情况;通过对荷瘤裸鼠模型的作用,观察二者联合体内抑瘤效果;通过胃癌组和健康人群对照组血清中多代谢物的代谢组学分析建立多元判别模型,初步筛选差异代谢物,并在这些代谢物基础上进行通路聚集分析和代谢途径分析。结果表明,cck-8细胞活力和Chou-Talay中效分析结果证明维生素B2可协同增强丁酸盐对BGC-823细胞的杀伤作用,且作用过程中影响了细胞分化,导致细胞形态变大,分裂受阻;流式细胞术显示维生素B2与丁酸盐联用可显著增加胃癌细胞的凋亡比例,将细胞周期阻滞在G2/M期;Western blot结果显示维生素B2和丁酸盐联用可使PTEN蛋白水平显著上升,其下游PI3K表达水平则显著下降;体内荷瘤裸鼠模型显示维生素B2和丁酸盐联用可显著抑制肿瘤的生长;人群代谢组学分析建立多元OPLS-DA模型,并提示丁酸和维生素B2均为胃癌患者体内显著差异代谢物;通路富集分析和途径分析显示脂肪酸和B族维生素的代谢通路在胃癌患者体内具有重要的作用。维生素B2和丁酸盐联用可协同增强对胃癌的抑制作用。

, authors=

谢丽,讲师,研究方向为多组学检测及肿瘤模型,电子信箱:

, authorsList=谢丽, 施文艳, 李鑫琳, 熊娟娟, 刘晶晶, 姚宏亮, 周程远, 黄维, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄维, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
黄维(通信作者),主治医师,研究方向为肿瘤放疗及临床,电子信箱:
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(a)不同浓度丁酸盐对BGC−823细胞的抑制效果;(b)丁酸盐联合VB2组及单独VB2组对BGC−823细胞的抑制效果对比及CI值;(c)丁酸盐和VB2联合作用5 d对BGC−823细胞的抑制效果及CI值

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化合物浓度(0. 5 mmol/L) 抑制率/% CI
丁酸盐 3.96±2.43
VB2 -5.08±3.25
丁酸盐+VB2 17.66±5.18 0.652
VB9 -1.35±4.28
丁酸盐+VB9 7.49±1.89 0.989
VB12 1.98±5.10
丁酸盐+VB12 8.31±1.76 1
VB6 0.79±2.32
丁酸盐+VB6 3.97±0.83 1
), ArticleFig(id=1242143661559984719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1207358803461378213, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

丁酸盐和不同B族维生素组合对胃癌细胞的抑制率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物浓度(0. 5 mmol/L) 抑制率/% CI
丁酸盐 3.96±2.43
VB2 -5.08±3.25
丁酸盐+VB2 17.66±5.18 0.652
VB9 -1.35±4.28
丁酸盐+VB9 7.49±1.89 0.989
VB12 1.98±5.10
丁酸盐+VB12 8.31±1.76 1
VB6 0.79±2.32
丁酸盐+VB6 3.97±0.83 1
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多组学研究探索抑制胃癌新疗法
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谢丽 1 , 施文艳 1 , 李鑫琳 1 , 熊娟娟 1 , 刘晶晶 1 , 姚宏亮 1 , 周程远 1 , 黄维 2, *
科技导报 | 研究论文 2025,43(11): 97-106
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科技导报 |研究论文 2025 , 43 (11) : 97 -106
多组学研究探索抑制胃癌新疗法
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谢丽,讲师,研究方向为多组学检测及肿瘤模型,电子信箱:

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谢丽1 , 施文艳1, 李鑫琳1, 熊娟娟1, 刘晶晶1, 姚宏亮1, 周程远1, 黄维2, *
作者信息
  • 1. 金陵科技学院动物科学与食品工程学院, 南京 210038
  • 2. 南京中医药大学附属医院/江苏省中医院, 南京 222000
通讯作者:
黄维(通信作者),主治医师,研究方向为肿瘤放疗及临床,电子信箱:
Multiomics research explores new therapies for inhibiting gastric cancer
Li XIE1 , Wenyan SHI1, Xinlin LI1, Juanjuan XIONG1, Jingjing LIU1, Hongliang YAO1, Chengyuan ZHOU1, Wei HUANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038, China
  • 2. Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 222000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.11.01686
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选取人胃癌BGC-823细胞系为模型,通过多组学研究方法,探讨丁酸盐和B族维生素联用对癌细胞生长的影响及可能的作用机制。通过cck-8方法观察维生素B2与丁酸盐联合作用对胃癌细胞BGC-823的抑制作用,Chou-Talay中效分析法评价两组分的联合效应,并以光学显微镜观察细胞形态变化;通过流式细胞术观察维生素B2和丁酸盐联用对BGC-823细胞凋亡及细胞周期的影响;以Western blot方法测定抗癌基因蛋白PTEN及其下游PI3K蛋白表达情况;通过对荷瘤裸鼠模型的作用,观察二者联合体内抑瘤效果;通过胃癌组和健康人群对照组血清中多代谢物的代谢组学分析建立多元判别模型,初步筛选差异代谢物,并在这些代谢物基础上进行通路聚集分析和代谢途径分析。结果表明,cck-8细胞活力和Chou-Talay中效分析结果证明维生素B2可协同增强丁酸盐对BGC-823细胞的杀伤作用,且作用过程中影响了细胞分化,导致细胞形态变大,分裂受阻;流式细胞术显示维生素B2与丁酸盐联用可显著增加胃癌细胞的凋亡比例,将细胞周期阻滞在G2/M期;Western blot结果显示维生素B2和丁酸盐联用可使PTEN蛋白水平显著上升,其下游PI3K表达水平则显著下降;体内荷瘤裸鼠模型显示维生素B2和丁酸盐联用可显著抑制肿瘤的生长;人群代谢组学分析建立多元OPLS-DA模型,并提示丁酸和维生素B2均为胃癌患者体内显著差异代谢物;通路富集分析和途径分析显示脂肪酸和B族维生素的代谢通路在胃癌患者体内具有重要的作用。维生素B2和丁酸盐联用可协同增强对胃癌的抑制作用。

丁酸盐  /  维生素B2  /  胃癌细胞  /  协同作用

To confirm that vitamin B2 and butyrate could synergically enhance the killing effect on gastric cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of the combination of vitamin B2 and butyrate on BGC-823 gastric cancer cells was observed by cck-8 method. The combined effect of the two components was evaluated by Chou Talay medium effect analysis, and the morphological changes of the cells were observed by optical microscope. The effects of combination of vitamin B2 and butyrate on apoptosis and cell cycle of BGC-823 cells were observed by flow cytometry. The expression of PTEN and its downstream PI3K protein were determined by Western blot method. Through the effect on the tumor bearing nude mouse model, the anti-tumor effect of the combination was observed in vitro. A multivariate discriminant model was established through metabolomics analysis of multimetabolites in the serum of Gastric cancer group and Control group, the differential metabolites were initially screened, the pathway enrichment analysis and metabolic pathway analysis were conducted on the base. The results of cck-8 cell viability and Chou-Talay showed that vitamin B2 could synergically enhance the killing effect of butyrate on BGC-823 cells, and during the action, it affected cell differentiation, resulting in the enlargement of cell morphology and the obstruction of cell division. Flow cytometry showed that the combination of vitamin B2 and butyrate could significantly increase the apoptotic ratio of gastric cancer cells and block the cell cycle in G2/M phase. Western blot results showed that the combination of vitamin B2 and butyrate could significantly increase the level of PTEN protein, but significantly decrease the expression level of PI3K downstream. In vivo, the combination of vitamin B2 and butyrate can significantly inhibit the growth of nude mice tumor. Multivariate OPLS-DA model was successfully established by human metabolomics analysis, suggesting that butyric acid and vitamin B2 are significantly different metabolites in gastric cancer patients. Pathway enrichment analysis and pathway analysis showed that the metabolic pathway of fatty acids and B vitamins plays an important role in gastric cancer patients. The combination of vitamin B2 and butyrate can synergically enhance the inhibitory effect on the growth of gastric cancer.

butyrate  /  vitamin B2  /  gastric cancer cell  /  synergy
谢丽, 施文艳, 李鑫琳, 熊娟娟, 刘晶晶, 姚宏亮, 周程远, 黄维. 多组学研究探索抑制胃癌新疗法. 科技导报, 2025 , 43 (11) : 97 -106 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.11.01686
Li XIE, Wenyan SHI, Xinlin LI, Juanjuan XIONG, Jingjing LIU, Hongliang YAO, Chengyuan ZHOU, Wei HUANG. Multiomics research explores new therapies for inhibiting gastric cancer[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (11) : 97 -106 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.11.01686
胃癌是全球第5大常见癌症,也是导致癌症相关死亡的第3大常见原因,在总死亡率中仅次于肺癌和结直肠癌。近年来肠道菌群成为国际研究热点,多项研究表明胃癌的发生发展与肠道菌群变化有着密切的关系[1]
肠道菌群及其产生的代谢物丁酸具有调节宿主能量代谢、保护肠黏膜完整性的功能。已有研究显示,产生丁酸的菌属可以通过调节PTEN信号转导通路和肠道菌群来抑制肠道肿瘤的发展,PTEN/磷酸肌苷3−激酶信号PI3K信号转导通路通常被认为是潜在的治疗靶标[23]。PTEN基因是迄今为止报道的第一个具有磷酸酶活性的抑癌基因,其可能通过细胞周期阻滞或诱导凋亡诱导生长抑制,并抑制细胞黏附和迁移。PTEN是调节细胞生长和死亡之间平衡的关键蛋白,因此,PTEN的缺失在几个系统中对癌细胞的存活能力起着重要作用。另外,它在促进肠道细胞分化中也发挥重要作用[45]。PI3K是PTEN的下游表达蛋白,PI3K信号参与增殖、分化、凋亡和葡萄糖转运等多种细胞功能的调节。研究发现,PI3K和其下游分子蛋白激酶B(PKB或Akt)所组成的信号通路与人类肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。该通路调节肿瘤细胞的增殖和存活,其活性异常不仅能导致细胞恶性转化,而且与肿瘤细胞的迁移、黏附、肿瘤血管生成以及细胞外基质的降解等相关[6]。丁酸盐作为一种组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂,还可通过抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶的活性来抑制组蛋白的乙酰化,重新激活表观遗传沉默基因的表达,包括那些参与分化、细胞周期调节、凋亡、血管生成、侵袭和转移的基因,从而达到预防和治疗癌症的作用[7]。丁酸盐最显著的作用还在于可以诱导多种肿瘤细胞的分化。它可以通过PTEN/PI3K通路诱导分化和调节黏膜因子MUC2的表达[3]
针对癌症(尤其是结直肠癌),目前研究最主流的几种B族维生素主要是维生素B2(Vitamin B2,VB2)、维生素B6(Vitamin B6,VB6)、维生素B9(Vitamin B9,VB9)和维生素B12(Vitamin B12,VB12),这几类维生素B都参与了VB9一碳通路的DNA甲基化和DNA合成过程,胃癌患者血浆中具有更低浓度的VB2、VB9和VB12,这也与胃癌的发生风险呈现相关性[8]。在患癌病人体内B族维生素存在不依赖于饮食摄入的病理性改变,这种改变源于疾病状态导致的体内相关物质代谢途径的变化。然而,这些改变的研究结论尚不一致,具体机制和途径依然未知。B族维生素用于抗癌的研究较为丰富,多项研究证实了其在癌症预防和治疗中的作用,因为B族维生素直接参与DNA和染色体的合成、修复和甲基化等过程,通过多种分子途径实现机体的抗氧化、自由基清除等生理功能从而发挥抗肿瘤作用[9]。已有报道显示,B族维生素与红景天提取物可协同增强抗癌效果[10],VB2可协同化疗药物顺铂和维生素C增强对癌症的治疗疗效[1112]。但B族维生素与丁酸盐联用是否具有促进抗癌效果的研究鲜见报道。本研究选取人胃癌BGC−823细胞系为模型,探讨丁酸盐和B族维生素联用对癌细胞生长的影响及可能的作用机制。研究的开展有助于增进对饮食中B族维生素和产丁酸盐物质在临床预防和治疗中协同增效的认识,可在临床癌症的辅助治疗及引导优化日常饮食结构促进疾病预防中发挥重大作用。
人胃癌细胞BGC−823细胞系在RPMI−1640培养基中生长,培养基中添加10% 胎牛血清和1% 青霉素—链霉素,温度37℃,5% CO2。维生素B族(VB2,核黄素;VB9,叶酸;VB12,钴胺素)等标准品购自阿拉丁工业公司(美国)。胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)、胰蛋白酶、杜氏磷酸盐缓冲液(Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline,DPBS)购自美国Gibco公司;cck−8检测试剂盒、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)检测试剂盒、细胞周期试剂盒、细胞凋亡试剂盒购自碧云天生物技术研究所。ECL化学发光检测试剂盒、PVDF膜、SDS−PAGE试剂购自碧云天生物技术研究所;PTEN抗体、PI3K抗体、β−actin购自南京凯基生物科技有限公司。
取对数生长期的BGC−823胃癌细胞经0.25% 胰蛋白酶消化,吹打分散后计数,按每孔5×103个细胞接种于96孔板中。置于37℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养过夜后,洗掉原培养液,然后每孔分别加入100 μL新鲜培养液和100 μL稀释有目标物的培养液,对照组不加任何目标物。培养72 h后,洗掉培养液并用新鲜培养液清洗1次。加入100 μL不含血清的RPMI1640培养液和10 μL CCK−8试剂,37℃培养1.5 h后,用酶标仪在波长450 nm,参考波长650 nm下进行检测。每组设定3个复孔。
参考Chou等[13]的报道,确定联合作用的质量浓度,在对应的质量浓度下两两混合或单独添加B族维生素、丁酸盐,对照组为无血清培养基。按照1.2节的方法测定细胞增殖抑制率,根据联合作用的效果,计算化合物对肿瘤细胞BGC−823的交互作用参数,即联合作用指数(combination index,CI)。CI>1、CI=1和CI<1分别表示药物间具有拮抗、相加及协同作用,药物联合作用的CI值采用CompuSyn软件辅助计算。
取生长状态良好的BGC−823细胞,利用计数板计数调整细胞悬液浓度至5×104个/mL,接种于直径60 mm的培养皿中,每皿6 mL,于37℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养,24 h后弃去旧培养液,根据所得协同抑制BGC−823细胞增殖效果最佳组合,以无血清培养基对照组,分别添加6 mL含VB2(50 μmol/L)、丁酸盐(5 mmol/L)和VB2(50 μmol/L)+丁酸盐(5 mmol/L)的新鲜培养基,记为VB2组、丁酸盐组、VB2+丁酸盐组,继续培养48 h,取出培养皿收集旧培养液,细胞经DPBS洗2遍,每皿加入2 mL胰酶,消化后,500 g、4℃离心5 min,收集细胞,同样条件DPBS洗2次,离心弃上清后,加入400 μL结合缓冲液重悬,取200 μL于新离心管中作为空白对照,其余的加入5 μL Annexin V试剂,避光反应15 min后,加入10 μL碘化丙啶(propidine iodide,PI)试剂,混匀后于流式细胞仪上检测。
细胞铺板、样品处理、收集细胞同1.4节,DPBS清洗后于体积分数70% 乙醇溶液中4℃固定过夜,500 g离心5 min,4℃预冷的DPBS洗涤细胞沉淀2次,加入PI和RNase A于37℃孵育30 min,用流式细胞仪检测。
细胞铺皿、样品处理、收集细胞同1.4节,DPBS清洗后,加入含苯甲基磺酰氟(终浓度为1 mmol/L)的裂解液,充分裂解后,14000 g离心15 min,取上清即为细胞总蛋白。
PTEN、PI3K相对表达量的检测采用Western blot方法进行,蛋白收集后使用BCA法测定各样品的蛋白质量浓度,将提取得到的蛋白样品与上样缓冲液按4∶1的体积比混合,沸水浴10 min,冷却后取蛋白样品各20 μg进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(电压80 V电泳30 min,然后电压120 V电泳120 min),电泳结束后将凝胶中的蛋白转印至聚偏氟乙烯膜,用TBST溶液洗膜4次(每次5 min),将聚偏氟乙烯膜置于封闭液中室温封闭1 h后进行一抗(1∶1000)孵育(4℃过夜);洗膜后加入TBST溶液稀释的辣根过氧化物酶标记的二抗(1∶2000),室温孵育1 h,洗膜后进行增强型化学发光试剂显影,OmegaLum G化学发光成像系统曝光并拍照记录结果,采用蛋白条带灰度值,按式(1)计算蛋白相对表达量。
$\text { 蛋白相对表达量 }=\frac{\text { 样品蛋白条带灰度值 }}{\text { 对照组蛋白条带灰度平均值 }}$
在裸鼠皮下注射BGC−823细胞诱导成瘤,分为6组,每组5只。将BGC−823肿瘤细胞(8×106~10×106 cells/只小鼠)皮下接种于BalB/C裸鼠(5~8周,18~22 g)的后肢。当肿瘤平均体积达到300 mm3(接种后6 d)左右时,小鼠被随机分为6组(每组5只),然后直接注入50 μL的目标物溶液,注射后,进行20 d的随访实验,在第2、5、10、15、20 d时分别用游标卡尺测量肿瘤大小,计算肿瘤体积(tumor volume,V),V= 1/2ab2(其中ab表示肿瘤最短和最长直径,单位为mm),并对所有被试小鼠的体重和临床情况进行观察。相对肿瘤体积(relative tumor volume,VR)计算公式为
$V_{\mathrm{R}}=V_{\mathrm{t}} / V_0$
式中,Vt为分组处理时肿瘤体积的平均值,V0为治疗前肿瘤体积的平均值[14]
在江苏省中医院肿瘤科采集63名胃癌患者及46名正常人的血清样品,对胃癌患者、正常人群血清中多种肠道菌群/营养相关代谢物进行提取、代谢组学筛选、建立代谢产物筛选模型以及对数据模型进行验证。患者年龄45~90岁,呈正态分布,男女数量相近。样品采集后立刻在5000 r/min的速度下离心3 min,取出上清液,储存于−80℃,检测前取出解冻;以12000 r/min的速度离心5 min,取上清并进行代谢组学分析。对于代谢组学数据进行正交偏最小二乘−判别分析法(orthogonal to partial least squares−discriminant analysis, OPLS−DA)。通过VIP(variable important in projection)值获得OPLS−DA模型变量的权重值,VIP≥ 1为常见的差异代谢物筛选标准。采用permutation检验方法对数据模型进行验证,其检验结果给出一个p值来表示模型的显著性,当p<0.05时,则认为模型有效成立,组间存在统计学上的显著性差异。
代谢组学数据采用MetaboAnalyst software(version 5.0)进行OPLS−DA分析,网址为 https://www.metaboanalyst.ca。细胞实验所有实验均重复3次,实验结果用平均值±标准偏差表示,采用AlphaEase FC软件进行蛋白条带灰度分析,采用CytExpert软件进行细胞凋亡分析和细胞周期分析,采用Oringin 8.0软件作图。
首先检测丁酸盐对胃癌细胞抑制作用的浓度梯度,丁酸盐浓度分别设为0.1、0.5、1、2.5、5、10、50、100 mmol/L,如图 1(a)所示,当丁酸盐浓度达到5 mmol/L时对胃癌细胞抑制率达到饱和。为探索丁酸盐与B族维生素联合作用是否具有协同作用,选择0.5 mmol/L的丁酸盐和不同的B族维生素,进行两两配对与胃癌细胞作用,采用CCK−8法检测细胞活性,并计算其CI值。由表 1可知,丁酸盐与VB2在0.5 mmol/L浓度下作用时CI<1,具有较强协同作用,与另外几种B族维生素联用协同作用不明显。
基于此,再次设置丁酸盐与VB2联合作用组,一组为单独VB2,另一组为丁酸盐5 mmol/L联合不同浓度VB2,VB2浓度分别为0.5、1、5、10、50、100、250、500、1000 μmol/L;如图 1(b)所示,当VB2浓度为50 μmol/L时与丁酸盐5 mmol/L联合对胃癌细胞抑制率最高,且当VB2浓度达到10 μmol/L时开始产生协同效应,随着VB2浓度增大,协同效应增强,当VB2浓度达到50 μmol/L及以上时,与5 mmol/L的丁酸盐产生明显的协同作用且协同效应趋于稳定。图 1(c)则展示了VB2 50 μmol/L、丁酸盐5 mmol/L、丁酸盐5 mmol/L+VB2 50 μmol/L 3组给药方式经过5 d后对BGC−823细胞的抑制作用,显示丁酸盐与VB2联用协同作用随着时间的增长,协同作用越明显。
图 2为48 h细胞培养的光镜图,丁酸盐与VB2单独或者VB2与VB12、VB9中的一种或者几种组合的联用处理后的BGC−823细胞出现了类似于分化细胞的形态学改变,如图 2(c)(d)黑色箭头示例,细胞的伸长/拉伸提示丁酸盐和B族维生素联用对胃癌细胞的分化产生影响。
对丁酸盐和VB2联用处理BGC−823细胞后进行流式细胞分析。相比较于丁酸盐和VB2单独对BGC−823细胞的作用(图 3(a)),丁酸盐+VB2联用可以显著提高BGC−823细胞的凋亡率;如图 3(b)所示,和对照组相比,VB2 50 μmol/L单独作用细胞周期比例变化不明显;丁酸盐5 mmol/L作用后,G0−G1期(2倍体,2N)细胞比例显著下降、G2/M期(4倍体,4N)细胞比例分别显著上升;而丁酸盐5 mmol/L+VB2 50 μmol/L作用后,2N细胞比例下降更为显著,4N细胞比例上升也更加显著。说明丁酸盐+VB2联用可以使细胞周期聚集发生改变,促使细胞阻滞于G2/M期。
应用Western blot检测丁酸盐和VB2联合使用对胃癌细胞系BGC−823中PTEN、PI3K分子水平的表达情况。如图 4所示,丁酸盐和VB2联合使用能够显著上调BGC−823细胞中PTEN蛋白表达水平,进而下调PI3K的蛋白表达水平。提示丁酸盐和VB2联合使用可能以PTEN/PI3K信号通路作为靶标发挥作用,从而诱导细胞凋亡和分化。
如1.7节所述建立BGC−823裸鼠肿瘤模型并用药,结果如图 5(a)所示。VB2 50 μmol/L组相对肿瘤体积与对照组无显著差异;丁酸盐5 mmol/L组与对照组从第15 d开始出现显著差异;丁酸盐2 mmol/L+ VB2 50 μmol/L组和丁酸盐5 mmol/L+VB2 50 μmol/L组与丁酸盐或VB2单独作用相比,从第10 d就开始出现显著差异,均能有效抑制肿瘤大小。图 5(b)显示实验期间各组裸鼠无显著统计学差异(p>0.05),但联合用药物裸鼠增长快于对照组和VB2单独用药组,且联合用药组裸鼠活动、采食、饮水情况较对照组和单独用药组更为活跃。
针对胃癌组和对照组血清多代谢物进行组学检测后,以代谢物浓度进行多元分析建模。模型验证参数在OPLS−DA模式下对2组进行Observed vs Predicted回归曲线制作,得到回归曲线方程为y= 1.006x+0.02666,R2=0.8803。参数R2Y与Q2分别用来评估模型的信息解释能力与预测能力,大于0.5表明模型预测能力较好,模型有效;本模型中R2Y= 0.889,Q2=0.863,说明OPLS−DA模型构建成功且permutation检验中p<0.001,提示未出现过度拟合,模型成立(图 6(a)为OPLS−DA模型得分图,2组可显著区分)。而图 6(b)对于对照组和胃癌组的判别显示VB2和丁酸VIP评分均大于1,为显著差异代谢物。
基于这些筛选确定的代谢物,进行通路聚集和代谢途径分析。图 7(a)通路聚集所示,丁酸盐和核黄素(VB2)代谢通路富集比例较高,且整个代谢通路富集图表明脂肪酸的代谢和B族维生素的代谢在胃癌患者体内具有重要作用。图 7(b)代谢通路气泡图显示这些代谢物在代谢途径中显著富集,包括精氨酸生物合成、丁酸代谢、叶黄素代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、VB6代谢等。
生物活性物质联用对于其功能发挥具有重要意义。生物活性物质联用常表现为大于单独使用效果之和的协同作用,或是等于单独作用效果之和的相加作用,亦或是减弱单独使用效果的拮抗作用[15]。这种物质间的协同增强作用在临床癌症辅助治疗制剂的研究开发中具有重要地位。
肠道细菌的主要代谢产物为短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acid,SCFA)。研究表明,微生物群的几种代谢产物SCFA,已被证明可以通过改变基因表达和基因转录作用而参与多种癌症的形成和发展,其主要作用归因于丁酸盐[16]。丁酸盐是一种组蛋白脱乙酰酶(HDAC)抑制剂,它会改变基因表达,抑制细胞增殖,诱导细胞分化或凋亡,阻止癌细胞的发展[17]。有研究表明,丁酸钠和表观遗传药物叶酸联用可增强结直肠癌小鼠模型肿瘤发生的预防效果,可使小鼠模型结直肠癌发病率减少15%~50%,其机制可能涉及细胞周期素依赖性激酶抑制因子调控表达,影响表观遗传修饰DNA甲基化和乙酰化,进而影响细胞系的基因表达乃至改变细胞周期[18]。另外,丁酸钠还可和维生素D协同作用刺激胃癌细胞凋亡,丁酸钠在维生素D诱导的PTEN上调中发挥重要作用,从而协同加剧了胃癌细胞的凋亡[19]。还有研究表明,VB2−丁酸酯对阿霉素所致心肌线粒体疾病具有很强的抗氧化作用[20]。本研究在细胞和动物水平证实了丁酸盐与VB2具有抑制胃癌细胞增殖并促进其凋亡的协同效应,并且通过人群代谢组学建模分析确定其为胃癌患者体内典型差异代谢物,丁酸盐代谢通路和VB2代谢通路在胃癌患者体内富集,对胃癌的发生发展具有重要作用。这些结果为将丁酸盐与VB2复配用于临床辅助癌症治疗或食品预防保健提供了重要参考。
近年来抗癌机制的研究往往集中于诱导细胞凋亡、细胞信号转导通路、细胞周期阻滞等方面[21]。其中,细胞周期的调控失调是导致细胞增殖失控的重要原因,因此细胞周期的调控成为癌症控制的关键[22]。多种研究已证实丁酸盐可以抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,诱导细胞分化、成熟和细胞周期阻滞,但其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的机制尚不清楚[23]。而针对VB2,大量的流行病学和动物实验资料表明其具有防癌和抗癌作用,VB2缺乏会导致慢性食管炎甚至食管癌的发生,原因是核黄素可抑制食管上皮增生或促进其向正常转化。另外,研究还报道了VB2作为临床治疗辅助剂的良好前景。例如作为顺铂化疗疗法辅助剂,其机制可能包括抗凋亡因子PI3K、JNK、磷酸化ERK1/2的下调及促凋亡因子Cyt.C、Smac/Dialbo、htr A2/Omi的上调作用,或通过补充细胞还原剂和抗氧化酶直接参与减少应激,或通过阻止炎症反应,使顺铂无法引起器官损伤[11]。VB2还可以通过调节Akt和Bad磷酸化使癌细胞对维生素C诱导的细胞死亡敏感[12]
本研究发现VB2与丁酸盐可以协同增强对胃癌细胞BGC−823的杀伤作用,促进胃癌细胞的凋亡,并将细胞周期阻滞在G2/M期,使细胞形态发生明显的分化性改变。且丁酸盐和VB2联合使用能够显著上调BGC−823细胞中PTEN蛋白表达水平,进而下调PI3K的蛋白表达水平。上述结果提示,丁酸盐和VB2联合使用可能以PTEN/PI3K信号通路作为靶标发挥作用,从而诱导细胞凋亡和分化。通过对胃癌患者血清中代谢物的代谢组学检测和建模分析可知,短链脂肪酸和B族维生素相关多种代谢物在胃癌人群代谢途径中显著富集,对胃癌的发生发展具有重要的作用。基于此开发新型抗肿瘤药或辅助药剂,对恶性肿瘤治疗技术的发展具有重要意义。
本研究发现VB2与丁酸盐可以协同增强对胃癌细胞BGC−823的杀伤作用,促进胃癌细胞的凋亡,抑制小鼠体外瘤体发展。其机制可能涉及通过提高PTEN蛋白表达从而通过调节PTEN/PI3K通路诱导肿瘤细胞的分化、细胞周期阻滞和细胞凋亡。代谢组学建模分析证实了丁酸盐代谢通路和VB2代谢通路对胃癌发生发展非常重要,基于此将丁酸盐和B族维生素用于开发新型抗肿瘤药或者辅助药剂,在临床恶性肿瘤辅助治疗中具有较好的前景。
  • 2025年江苏省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202513573098Y)
  • 金陵科技学院“创客”虚拟班项目(2023006)
  • 金陵科技学院高层次引进人才科研启动项目(jit−b−202157)
  • 江苏省中医院科技项目(Y22009)
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2025年第43卷第11期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.11.01686
  • 接收时间:2023-11-16
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2025-06-13
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-16
  • 修回日期:2024-11-26
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2025年江苏省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202513573098Y)
金陵科技学院“创客”虚拟班项目(2023006)
金陵科技学院高层次引进人才科研启动项目(jit−b−202157)
江苏省中医院科技项目(Y22009)
作者信息
    1. 金陵科技学院动物科学与食品工程学院, 南京 210038
    2. 南京中医药大学附属医院/江苏省中医院, 南京 222000

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黄维(通信作者),主治医师,研究方向为肿瘤放疗及临床,电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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