Article(id=1242138956796600604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1242138946210181756, articleNumber=null, orderNo=9, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2021.03.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1611676800000, receivedDateStr=2021-01-27, revisedDate=1612886400000, revisedDateStr=2021-02-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1617186779937, onlineDateStr=2021-03-31, pubDate=1613145600000, pubDateStr=2021-02-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1617186779937, onlineIssueDateStr=2021-03-31, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774078605122, creator=sys-migrate, updateTime=1774078605122, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1242138946210181756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2021', volume='39', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=3, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774078602599, creator=sys-migrate, updateTime=1774078602599, updator=sys-migrate, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=12, endPage=30, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242138966082789697, articleId=1242138956796600604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Top advances of science, technology and engineering from China in 2020, columnId=1242137384486249344, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Special to S&T Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=For the event sponsored by Science & Technology Review to select Chinese annual top advances in science, technology and engineering, altogether top 10 scientific, top 10 technological and top 10 engineering achievements during January 1 to December 31 of 2020 have been selected from respective published influential academic journals and scientific newspapers. The selection procedure involved screening and recommending candidates internally, followed by appraisal of experts including editorial board members and external reviewers. 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runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=本着分门别类、本刊推荐、专家遴选、宁缺毋滥、叙述事实的原则，从国内外重要科技期刊和科技新闻媒体所报道的中国科技成果中，按科学、技术、工程3个类别，由《科技导报》编辑部遴选、推荐候选条目，经《科技导报》编委、审稿人等专家通信评选，推选出2020年中国重大科学、技术、工程进展30项。（1）2020年中国重大科学进展10项：精准绘制地球3亿年生物多样性变化历史；揭示脑-脾神经环路控制抗体免疫应答新机制；发现H+HD→H₂+D反应中直接抽取机制和漫游插入机制的量子干涉；首次合成近质子滴线百纳秒寿命超铀新核素²²²Np；首次证明4-乙烯基苯甲醚是蝗虫的聚集信息素；发现睡眠压力调控的神经环路机制；首次实现单个超冷分子的相干合成；首次发现快速射电暴源的辐射具有丰富偏振特征；在极细多晶体铜中发现新型亚稳结构；新型冠状病毒的发现与科学应对。（2）2020年中国重大技术进展10项：提出质子辅助方法实现超平整石墨烯的可控生长；自主研发成功商用毫米波相控阵芯片；揭示克制小麦赤霉病的主效基因Fhb7；开发RNA-RNA空间相互作用的原位全景分析技术；实现尺寸最大、晶面指数最全单晶铜箔库的可控制备；提出基于忆阻器阵列的新型脑机接口；成功研制全球神经元规模最大的类脑计算机；成功设计纳米“人造分子”简易制备方法；发现空位诱导的二维材料薄膜超快离子传输；中国量子计算原型机“九章”问世。（3）2020年中国重大工程进展10项：“中国天眼”验收开放，取得一系列重大成果；无人潜水器和载人潜水器取得新突破；“北斗三号”最后一颗全球组网卫星发射成功；中国首个火星探测器“天问一号”成功发射；中国最大直径盾构机下线；“国和一号”和“华龙一号”两大三代核电技术取得新突破；中国最高参数“人造太阳”建成；世界首座高速铁路悬索桥开通；“嫦娥五号”完成中国首次地外天体采样；世界最强流深地核天体物理加速器成功出束。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=刘志远,副编审,研究方向为科技编辑学,电子信箱:liuzhiyuan@cast.org.cn, correspAuthorsNote=陈广仁(通信作者),编审,研究方向为科技哲学、科技评价,电子信箱:chenguangren@cast.org.cn, 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