Article(id=1242136518014345365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1242136506823942269, articleNumber=null, orderNo=9, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.22.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1505404800000, receivedDateStr=2017-09-15, revisedDate=1508601600000, revisedDateStr=2017-10-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1511923124693, onlineDateStr=2017-11-29, pubDate=1511798400000, pubDateStr=2017-11-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1511923124693, onlineIssueDateStr=2017-11-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774078023673, creator=sys-migrate, updateTime=1774078023673, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1242136506823942269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2017', volume='35', issue='22', pageStart='1', pageEnd='110', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1511798400000', pubDateStr='2017-11-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=3, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774078021004, creator='sys-migrate', updateTime=1774078021004, updator='sys-migrate', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=25, endPage=34, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242136521470451881, articleId=1242136518014345365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Design science:From normative towards descriptions, columnId=1242116903087440448, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Spescial Issues, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=The design is both an art and a science. The design science focuses on the science part of the design, including the studies of the designers and the interaction between the people and the created artifacts in the society, and the studies of the structures and their behaviors. There is no clear boundary between these two domains, and the Science is what they share. The design as a science should follow the scientific research paradigm and investigate design laws with descriptive theories. The current design research tends to provide normative methods, which can work in certain cases but cannot be extended to general design cases. Normative methods prescribe what the designers OUGHT to do, while descriptive theories tell us what IS behind the design practices. The normative methods can work in certain cases but not in general cases. They are necessary for the design because the design is a goal-oriented activity. However, only after we understand what IS behind the different design practices can we construct effective design methods to guide better design. In the case of computer design systems, the normative methods lead to the design automation, but only descriptive theories can pave the way to the autonomous design or the partially autonomous design., authors=HOU Yuemin1,2 , JI Linhong2 , authorsList=HOU Yuemin, JI Linhong, authorCompany=1. Electric and Mechanical Engineering School, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China;1,2 , 季林红2 , authorsList=侯悦民, 季林红, authorCompany=1. 北京信息科技大学机电学院, 北京 100192;
科技导报
|专题论文
2017
, 35
(22) :
25
-34
设计科学:从规范性到描述性
全屏
侯悦民1,2 , 季林红2
作者信息
1. 北京信息科技大学机电学院, 北京 100192;
作者简介:
侯悦民,博士,研究方向为设计科学、生物启发的设计理论和算法,电子信箱:hym01@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
Design science:From normative towards descriptions
HOU Yuemin1,2 , JI Linhong2
Affiliations
1. Electric and Mechanical Engineering School, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China;
出版时间: 2017-11-28
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.22.003
文章导航
论述了目前关于设计科学的不同观点，探讨了重要设计理论的特点。分析表明，目前设计理论集中在应当如何做而缺乏对客观规律的探索。设计科学不仅是采用科学的方法研究设计，而且作为一门科学，设计科学应具备科学的一般属性，即探索客观规律和发展描述性理论。描述性设计理论可为设计理论和方法提供依据，为提高设计效率和设计质量提供指导。
The design is both an art and a science. The design science focuses on the science part of the design, including the studies of the designers and the interaction between the people and the created artifacts in the society, and the studies of the structures and their behaviors. There is no clear boundary between these two domains, and the Science is what they share. The design as a science should follow the scientific research paradigm and investigate design laws with descriptive theories. The current design research tends to provide normative methods, which can work in certain cases but cannot be extended to general design cases. Normative methods prescribe what the designers OUGHT to do, while descriptive theories tell us what IS behind the design practices. The normative methods can work in certain cases but not in general cases. They are necessary for the design because the design is a goal-oriented activity. However, only after we understand what IS behind the different design practices can we construct effective design methods to guide better design. In the case of computer design systems, the normative methods lead to the design automation, but only descriptive theories can pave the way to the autonomous design or the partially autonomous design.
design science
/
normative
/
descriptive
/
design theory
侯悦民, 季林红.
设计科学:从规范性到描述性.
科技导报,
2017
, 35
(22)
: 25
-34
.
DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.22.003
HOU Yuemin, JI Linhong.
Design science:From normative towards descriptions[J].
Science & Technology Review ,
2017
, 35
(22)
: 25
-34
.
DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.22.003
2017年第35卷第22期
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文章信息
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.22.003
接收时间：2017-09-15
首发时间：2017-11-29
出版时间：2017-11-28
收稿日期：2017-09-15
修回日期：2017-10-22
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.22.003
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科 属数 种数 占总种数比例 属 种数 占总种数比例 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78 小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39 红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87 小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26 光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39 红菇属 Russula 17 8.13 栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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