Article(id=1304925033906856865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304924993196941811, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.02.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741622400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-11, revisedDate=1748188800000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047972418, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1771516800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047972418, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047972418, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047972418, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304924993196941811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771516800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047962712, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789118140557, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305219340496819100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304924993196941811, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305219340496819101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304924993196941811, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=49, endPage=57, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304925034087211938, articleId=1304925033906856865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Study on properties of new polypropylene insulating material and its combination with silicone rubber for cable joints, columnId=null, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to evaluate the application potential of environmentally friendly polypropylene materials in high-voltage cable accessories, the electrical properties include electric strength, space charge distribution, and polarization current of novel polypropylene insulating material and silicone rubber under typical operating conditions were studied to assess their voltage withstand capability, charge accumulation behavior, quasi-steady-state polarization current. At the same time, a 110 kV cable joint simulation model was established using finite element simulation software to simulate the electric field distribution at the joint, and the application performance of polypropylene/silicone rubber composite insulation in high-voltage AC cable joints was explored. The results show that the novel polypropylene exhibits excellent electric strength, although the electric strength decreases with the increase of temperature, it still remains 88.80 kV/mm at 90℃. The electric strength of the polypropylene/silicone rubber composite insulation is primarily influenced by the silicone rubber, but it exhibits good thermal stability and maintains 39.70-47.01 kV/mm within 30-90℃. Space charge test reveals that the polypropylene still has significant charge suppression ability under 20 kV/mm, which can effectively improve the electric field distortion at the composite interface. Calculation based on simulation model indicates that the internal electric field distribution in the 110 kV cable joint using this composite insulation is reasonable, and the maximum electric field strength at the polypropylene/silicone rubber interface is only 5.7 kV/mm, which is far lower than its electric strength. The research has confirmed that the reliability of the novel polypropylene/silicone rubber composite insulation structure meets the operational requirements of high-voltage cable joints.

, authors=Yunpeng ZHAN1, Shuai HOU1, Jie LIU1, Yanfei LI2, Lingmeng FAN2, Limei JIANG1, *, authorsList=Yunpeng ZHAN, Shuai HOU, Jie LIU, Yanfei LI, Lingmeng FAN, Limei JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Limei JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304925036318581691, articleId=1304925033906856865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=新型聚丙烯绝缘材料及其与硅橡胶组合用于电缆接头的性能研究, columnId=null, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为评估环保型聚丙烯材料在高压电缆附件中的应用潜力,本文系统研究新型聚丙烯绝缘材料与硅橡胶在典型工况下的电气性能,包括电气强度、空间电荷分布及极化电流等,以评估两者的耐压能力、电荷积聚情况以及准稳态极化电流。同时,利用有限元仿真软件建立了110 kV电缆接头仿真模型,模拟了接头处电场分布,以探讨聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘在高压交流电缆接头中的应用表现。结果表明:新型聚丙烯具有优异的电气强度,虽然电气强度随温度升高有所下降,但在90℃下仍保持在88.80 kV/mm;聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘的电气强度主要受硅橡胶影响,但表现出良好的热稳定性,在30~90℃内其电气强度保持在39.70~47.01 kV/mm。空间电荷测试显示,聚丙烯在20 kV/mm下仍具有显著的电荷抑制能力,能有效改善复合界面的电场畸变。基于仿真模型的计算表明,应用该复合绝缘的110 kV电缆接头内部电场分布合理,聚丙烯/硅橡胶界面处的最大电场强度仅为5.7 kV/mm,远低于其电气强度。研究证实新型聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘结构的可靠性满足高压电缆接头运行要求。

, authors=展云鹏1, 侯帅1, 柳杰1, 李艳飞2, 樊灵孟2, 蒋莉梅1, *, authorsList=展云鹏, 侯帅, 柳杰, 李艳飞, 樊灵孟, 蒋莉梅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=蒋莉梅, authorNote=

展云鹏(1994-),男(汉族),辽宁鞍山人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事高压交、直流电缆绝缘技术与先进电工材料应用技术的研究

, correspAuthorsNote=
蒋莉梅(2001-),女(汉族),安徽合肥人,工程师,主要从事电缆绝缘材料的介电性能等方面的研究。
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展云鹏(1994-),男(汉族),辽宁鞍山人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事高压交、直流电缆绝缘技术与先进电工材料应用技术的研究

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IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2000,7(3):309-315., articleTitle=The electrical degradation threshold of polyethylene investigated by space charge and conduction current measurements, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1304925036553462716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304925033906856865, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304925036561851325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304925033906856865, companyId=1304925036553462716, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1China Southern Power Grid Research Institute, Guangzhou 510663, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304925036574434238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304925033906856865, companyId=1304925036553462716, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, 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language=CN, label=图12, caption=电缆接头电场强度变化, figureFileSmall=929Okc5eXUfIiQ+pps5SVg==, figureFileBig=ZxX0xGnAt0VaXMcg6XvvCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304925040802291713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304925033906856865, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Material parameters of different parts of cable joint

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结构相对介电常数电导率/(S/m)
1×10-41.75×108
硅橡胶2.731.57×10-15
半导电层1003
应力锥302
聚丙烯2.271×10-18
), ArticleFig(id=1304925043281125378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304925033906856865, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电缆接头不同部分的材料参数

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结构相对介电常数电导率/(S/m)
1×10-41.75×108
硅橡胶2.731.57×10-15
半导电层1003
应力锥302
聚丙烯2.271×10-18
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新型聚丙烯绝缘材料及其与硅橡胶组合用于电缆接头的性能研究
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展云鹏 1 , 侯帅 1 , 柳杰 1 , 李艳飞 2 , 樊灵孟 2 , 蒋莉梅 1, *
绝缘材料 | 2026,59(2): 49-57
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绝缘材料 | 2026 , 59 (2) : 49 -57
新型聚丙烯绝缘材料及其与硅橡胶组合用于电缆接头的性能研究
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展云鹏(1994-),男(汉族),辽宁鞍山人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事高压交、直流电缆绝缘技术与先进电工材料应用技术的研究

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展云鹏(1994-),男(汉族),辽宁鞍山人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事高压交、直流电缆绝缘技术与先进电工材料应用技术的研究

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展云鹏1, 侯帅1, 柳杰1, 李艳飞2, 樊灵孟2, 蒋莉梅1, *
作者信息
  • 1南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司,广东 广州 510663
  • 2中国南方电网有限责任公司,广东 广州 510663
通讯作者:
蒋莉梅(2001-),女(汉族),安徽合肥人,工程师,主要从事电缆绝缘材料的介电性能等方面的研究。
作者简介:

展云鹏(1994-),男(汉族),辽宁鞍山人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事高压交、直流电缆绝缘技术与先进电工材料应用技术的研究

Study on properties of new polypropylene insulating material and its combination with silicone rubber for cable joints
Yunpeng ZHAN1, Shuai HOU1, Jie LIU1, Yanfei LI2, Lingmeng FAN2, Limei JIANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1China Southern Power Grid Research Institute, Guangzhou 510663, China
  • 2China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
出版时间: 2026-02-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.02.006
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为评估环保型聚丙烯材料在高压电缆附件中的应用潜力,本文系统研究新型聚丙烯绝缘材料与硅橡胶在典型工况下的电气性能,包括电气强度、空间电荷分布及极化电流等,以评估两者的耐压能力、电荷积聚情况以及准稳态极化电流。同时,利用有限元仿真软件建立了110 kV电缆接头仿真模型,模拟了接头处电场分布,以探讨聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘在高压交流电缆接头中的应用表现。结果表明:新型聚丙烯具有优异的电气强度,虽然电气强度随温度升高有所下降,但在90℃下仍保持在88.80 kV/mm;聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘的电气强度主要受硅橡胶影响,但表现出良好的热稳定性,在30~90℃内其电气强度保持在39.70~47.01 kV/mm。空间电荷测试显示,聚丙烯在20 kV/mm下仍具有显著的电荷抑制能力,能有效改善复合界面的电场畸变。基于仿真模型的计算表明,应用该复合绝缘的110 kV电缆接头内部电场分布合理,聚丙烯/硅橡胶界面处的最大电场强度仅为5.7 kV/mm,远低于其电气强度。研究证实新型聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘结构的可靠性满足高压电缆接头运行要求。

硅橡胶  /  聚丙烯  /  交流击穿  /  电导电流  /  空间电荷

In order to evaluate the application potential of environmentally friendly polypropylene materials in high-voltage cable accessories, the electrical properties include electric strength, space charge distribution, and polarization current of novel polypropylene insulating material and silicone rubber under typical operating conditions were studied to assess their voltage withstand capability, charge accumulation behavior, quasi-steady-state polarization current. At the same time, a 110 kV cable joint simulation model was established using finite element simulation software to simulate the electric field distribution at the joint, and the application performance of polypropylene/silicone rubber composite insulation in high-voltage AC cable joints was explored. The results show that the novel polypropylene exhibits excellent electric strength, although the electric strength decreases with the increase of temperature, it still remains 88.80 kV/mm at 90℃. The electric strength of the polypropylene/silicone rubber composite insulation is primarily influenced by the silicone rubber, but it exhibits good thermal stability and maintains 39.70-47.01 kV/mm within 30-90℃. Space charge test reveals that the polypropylene still has significant charge suppression ability under 20 kV/mm, which can effectively improve the electric field distortion at the composite interface. Calculation based on simulation model indicates that the internal electric field distribution in the 110 kV cable joint using this composite insulation is reasonable, and the maximum electric field strength at the polypropylene/silicone rubber interface is only 5.7 kV/mm, which is far lower than its electric strength. The research has confirmed that the reliability of the novel polypropylene/silicone rubber composite insulation structure meets the operational requirements of high-voltage cable joints.

silicone rubber  /  polypropylene  /  AC breakdown  /  conductance current  /  space charge
展云鹏, 侯帅, 柳杰, 李艳飞, 樊灵孟, 蒋莉梅. 新型聚丙烯绝缘材料及其与硅橡胶组合用于电缆接头的性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (2) : 49 -57 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.02.006
Yunpeng ZHAN, Shuai HOU, Jie LIU, Yanfei LI, Lingmeng FAN, Limei JIANG. Study on properties of new polypropylene insulating material and its combination with silicone rubber for cable joints[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (2) : 49 -57 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.02.006
电缆接头是电力系统中的关键组成部分,其主要作用是实现两段电缆之间的过渡和连接。电缆接头通常采用多层复合绝缘结构,其中包括电缆主绝缘材料(XLPE、PP等)和附件绝缘硅橡胶(SR)。然而,主绝缘材料与硅橡胶在电导率、相对介电常数、电气强度等电气性能方面存在显著差异,使得复合绝缘材料内部的电场分布变得复杂。在实际运行工况下,这些差异会导致电场分布不均匀,增加接头处的电场应力,从而影响电缆的长期稳定性。
与电缆本体相比,电缆接头包含多个复合界面,结构复杂,其发生故障的概率较高[1]。国内外研究表明,电缆接头处的复合界面以及电场应力集中的区域是电力系统中较为薄弱的环节,也是常见的故障发生部位[2-3]。因此,研究硅橡胶与电缆主绝缘材料之间的电气性能配合,对于提高电力系统的稳定性和安全性具有重要意义。
目前,已有大量研究探讨了硅橡胶的电气和理化性能。例如,秦福宁等[4]研究了不同服役年限下硅橡胶的电导、介电谱、电气强度等特性,发现随着服役时间的增加,硅橡胶的内部结构发生破坏,热氧化降解使其分子链断裂,从而导致电气性能下降。康文斌等[5]研究了长期工频叠加谐波电场对硅橡胶的影响,发现硅橡胶的介电常数和介质损耗因数在长期电场作用下增大。王若丞等[6]对高压电缆接头用硅橡胶进行了加速热老化试验,结果表明,随着老化的进行,硅橡胶的体积电阻率与相对介电常数略有上升,但变化不明显,介质损耗因数降低,断裂伸长率和拉伸强度逐渐下降。此外,关于硅橡胶与电缆主绝缘材料的电气性能配合,张巍等[7]通过COMSOL仿真软件研究了交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆接头的电场、温度场和应力场分布,发现涂敷硅脂可以有效减小交联聚乙烯/硅橡胶绝缘复合界面的电场畸变,但由于引入了第三种介质,可能加速材料的老化。
随着电力传输需求的不断增加,XLPE电缆由于其较低的工作温度上限(长期运行温度一般不超过90℃),逐渐无法满足更高载流量的要求。相比之下,聚丙烯电缆的工作温度可达110℃以上,逐渐成为当前高载流量电缆绝缘材料的研究热点。同时,XLPE是热固性材料,其优良性能是基于交联工艺实现的,在服役结束后难以回收,这与当前的环保要求不符。相比之下,聚丙烯作为一种热塑性材料,在电缆服役后能够回收再利用,成为新型环保电力电缆材料的理想选择[8-9]。综上,聚丙烯具备耐高温、电学性能和力学性能优异且无需交联即可满足电缆运行性能要求等优势,展现出很高的应用潜力,成为目前非交联中高压电缆绝缘材料领域的主要研究方向[10]
为了评估聚丙烯材料在电缆接头复合结构中的应用价值,本文系统研究新型聚丙烯绝缘材料与硅橡胶在典型工况下的电气性能,包括电气强度、空间电荷行为及电导特性等,对比分析聚丙烯、硅橡胶和聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘3种试样的关键电气性能,并对采用聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘的110 kV交流电缆中间接头电场分布进行有限元仿真计算,研究结果可为新型环保聚丙烯电力电缆接头的设计提供基础理论依据。
本文试验对象为硅橡胶材料和基于弹性体增韧技术改性的聚丙烯绝缘材料。硅橡胶材料取自于长园电力技术有限公司的电力电缆附件。聚丙烯绝缘材料的基底材料是燕山石油化工有限公司的8003型聚丙烯,改性材料是陶氏塑料公司的8999型聚烯烃弹性体(POE),POE和聚丙烯的混合质量比为60∶40。首先将硅橡胶粒料和聚丙烯粒料置于60℃真空烘箱中干燥24 h,然后将硅橡胶粒料和聚丙烯粒料分别置于220℃和190℃的平板硫化机中,依次在5、10、20 MPa下保持3 min,最后在20 MPa的压力下自然冷却至室温。将得到的片状试样短路放置于真空烘箱中,在60℃下烘干12 h,以释放试样在压片和冷却过程中积聚的静电荷,最后制得尺寸为10 cm×10 cm×200 μm的若干试样。
交流电气强度是绝缘材料电气性能最为直观的体现。本文依据GB/T 1408.1—2016进行交流击穿试验[11]。试验采用球-板电极结构,试样与电极系统均浸没于植物绝缘油中以抑制沿面闪络[12]。试验过程中,通过油浴控温系统精确控制温度,分别在30、50、70、90℃条件下进行测试。以1 kV/s的速率匀速升压,直至试样击穿。每个温度下重复测试16次,记录击穿电压值,并通过千分测厚仪测量击穿点厚度以计算电气强度。交流击穿试验系统原理图如图1所示。
采用脉冲电声(pulsed electro-acoustic,PEA)法[13-14],依据IEC 62758:2012对聚丙烯和硅橡胶试样进行空间电荷分布测试[15]。其中脉冲电源输出脉冲幅值为0~2 kV,脉冲宽度为5 ns,重复频率为50 Hz,压电传感器为9 μm厚的聚偏氟乙烯薄膜。测试时,采用高压直流电源对试样施加5、10、15、20 kV/mm的直流电场,持续30 min后短路30 min,随后通过压电传感器及数据采集系统(示波器、放大器及计算机)记录信号,并利用反卷积算法还原空间电荷密度分布。
依据GB/T 1410—2006[16],采用三电极系统(高压极、地极及保护极)进行电导率测试。测试时,试样置于恒温干燥箱中,分别在30、50、70、90℃下温度稳定后,施加1~10 kV直流电压,使用高精度pA级电流表(最小量程可以达到10-14 pA)测量极化电流。每个温度下记录电流随时间的变化曲线,直至电流趋于稳定值。电导率测量系统原理图如图2所示。
威布尔分布广泛应用于处理机器失效问题,也经常被用来处理绝缘材料的击穿数据,其击穿概率密度函数如式(1)所示[17],本研究采用威布尔分布对每个温度下试样的电气强度进行处理。
P(E)=1-exp[-(EE0)β]
式(1)中:P(E)是击穿概率;E是电气强度;β是形状参数;E0对应于63.2%击穿概率的电气强度。
式(1)可以进一步转化为式(2)。
ln(ln(1-P))=β(lnE-lnE0)
E为横坐标,P(E)为纵坐标作图即可得到聚丙烯和硅橡胶的电气强度威布尔分布曲线,如图3所示。
根据图3可以得到不同温度下聚丙烯和硅橡胶击穿概率为63.2%时的电气强度如图4所示。从图4可以看出,聚丙烯绝缘材料的电气强度受温度影响明显。在室温(30℃)下,聚丙烯的电气强度为110.44 kV/mm,随着温度升高,其电气强度逐渐下降,且下降幅度随温度升高而增大。具体来看,当温度升高至50℃时,聚丙烯的电气强度下降至107.48 kV/mm,下降幅度为2.68%;温度升高至70℃时,电气强度下降至99.53 kV/mm,下降幅度为9.88%;温度升高至90℃时,电气强度下降至88.80 kV/mm,下降幅度为19.59%。相比之下,硅橡胶的电气强度随温度变化不明显。在30℃时,硅橡胶的电气强度为37.82 kV/mm,50℃时电气强度略微升高,差距不足1 kV/mm。随着温度升高至70℃和90℃,电气强度略有下降。整体来看,硅橡胶的电气强度随着温度升高呈现轻微下降趋势,这可能是致密的交联结构和较高的热稳定性使其在高温下保持较为稳定的电气性能。
为了研究聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘的电气性能,本文对聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘进行了交流击穿测试。首先将硅橡胶试样叠放在聚丙烯试样上,再将两者一起放在压片机里施加15 MPa的压力,保持60 min,直至两者之间没有气泡存在时,认为它们已贴合紧密,然后测试其电气强度,结果如图5所示。
图5可以看出,聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘在不同温度下的特征电气强度接近硅橡胶的电气强度,但明显低于聚丙烯的电气强度,这一结果反映出复合结构中硅橡胶的电气特性对其击穿行为有显著影响。尽管聚丙烯具有很高的电气强度,但其与硅橡胶的界面区域可能存在微观缺陷,导致局部电场集中。同时,硅橡胶的柔性微观结构可能难以完全贴合聚丙烯表面的微观结构,从而在界面处产生空隙即形成绝缘薄弱区,导致复合绝缘的电气强度降低。此外,聚丙烯与硅橡胶绝缘间的介电常数差异可能引发界面极化效应,导致电场畸变[18]
图5还可以看出,聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘在30、50、70、90℃下的特征电气强度分别为47.01、44.95、42.88、39.70 kV/mm。虽然随着温度的升高,复合绝缘的电气强度有所下降,但是总体的下降幅度较小,90℃下的电气强度相较于30℃下仅下降了7.31 kV/mm,表明复合绝缘具有良好的热稳定性,推测可能是复合绝缘中硅橡胶优异的热稳定性在一定程度上缓和了温度对聚丙烯电气性能的负面影响。
分别对硅橡胶和聚丙烯进行空间电荷测量,得到测量时间为900 s时两者的空间电荷分布如图6所示。从图6可以看出,聚丙烯与硅橡胶的空间电荷分布特性存在显著差异。聚丙烯在不同场强下的空间电荷注入现象均较为微弱,仅在高场强(20 kV/mm)下出现少量电荷积累;相比之下,硅橡胶在低场强(10 kV/mm)下就已经呈现出电荷注入现象,并在场强为20 kV/mm时因电荷剧烈迁移导致空间电荷密度曲线出现显著波动。对比结果表明聚丙烯材料具有一定程度的电荷运动抑制能力,这可能与聚丙烯高度规整的分子链结晶结构有关。张冶文等[19]比较了聚乙烯与聚丙烯的空间电荷注入特性,指出聚丙烯较高的结晶度导致其内部陷阱数量及陷阱深度增加,从而抑制了电荷的注入及迁移。同时,弹性体增韧改性引入的界面微区可能通过局域化载流子扩散进一步降低电荷积聚风险,从而使聚丙烯展现出一定的电荷抑制能力。
图7为聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘在5、10、15、20 kV/mm下测量时间为600、1 200、1 800 s时空间电荷的电压幅值曲线。从图7可以看出,聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘的空间电荷密度受两种材料电学特性的共同影响,随着施加的电场强度不断增大,聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘的电压幅值呈不断增大的趋势,并且在更高场强下波动加剧。聚丙烯与硅橡胶的介电常数差异可能导致复合界面处产生极化电荷积累,随着电场强度增大,界面极化效应增强,从而导致电压幅值升高。另外,在低场强(5 kV/mm)下,可能电荷注入量较少,迁移速率较低,电压幅值波动较小。随着场强升高至20 kV/mm,硅橡胶中空间电荷注入量显著增加,其迁移行为可能受界面缺陷和材料非均质性影响,呈现动态不稳定性,从而导致电压幅值波动加剧。
本文所采用的新型改性聚丙烯材料由于结晶度较高,其电导率极低,产生的极化电流信号已接近测试仪器(pA级电流表)的底噪,难以获取稳定的试验曲线。考虑到复合绝缘体系中硅橡胶的电导率较高而且随温度变化显著,因此仅测试了硅橡胶的电导率。
图8为不同温度下硅橡胶材料的极化电流随时间的变化曲线。从图8可以看出,硅橡胶材料的极化电流随着时间的推移迅速下降,并最终趋于稳定。此外,硅橡胶的极化电流受温度影响十分明显,当温度为30℃时,极化电流的最终稳定值为12.11 pA。随着温度的升高,极化电流的稳定值逐渐增大,当温度为90℃时,稳定值为196.89 pA,相比30℃时增大了约15倍。
由不同温度下的极化电流可以进一步计算得到不同温度下硅橡胶的电导率,结果如图9所示。
图9可以看出,硅橡胶在不同温度下的电导率与极化电流的变化趋势相同。在30℃下,硅橡胶的电导率稳定值为2.44×10-14 S/m;50℃下,电导率稳定值为6.60×10-14 S/m,相较于30℃时增大了约1.7倍;70℃下,电导率稳定值为1.90×10-13 S/m,相较于30℃时增大了约6.8倍;90℃下,电导率稳定值为5.03×10-13 S/m,相较于30℃时增大了约19.6倍。试验结果表明,温度越高,硅橡胶的电导率越高,呈非线性上升趋势,符合Arrhenuis定律[20]。温度对硅橡胶产生两方面的作用,一方面是升温产生热扰动,使粒子间隙间的电场发生变化;另一方面是硅橡胶中的基体发生热膨胀,使粒子间的间距增大,从而影响硅橡胶的电导率[21],同时升温过程中硅橡胶内部的粒子动能增大,电子越过势垒的能力提高,因此硅橡胶的电导率增大。
为进一步研究电缆接头中复合绝缘的电场特性,本文对110 kV交流电缆中间接头的电场分布进行了仿真计算。基于现有的110 kV电缆接头结构进行二维对称建模,如图10所示。电缆接头各部分参数如表1所示[22-23]
在建立电缆接头的COMSOL仿真模型后,针对接头区域的电场分布进行仿真计算与分析,得到接头处的电场分布如图11所示。从图11可以看出,电缆接头处的电场分布存在不均匀性,聚丙烯绝缘材料所承受的电场强度明显高于硅橡胶材料所承受的电场强度,在聚丙烯绝缘内部的电场强度最大值达到10 kV/mm。
为便于对仿真结果进行分析,在电缆接头模型中聚丙烯与硅橡胶的交界面位置设置二维截线,方向为应力锥根部到屏蔽管端部[24],同时在图11中标注出电场强度的取值位置。
根据Maxwell-Wagner界面极化理论[18],当两种介电常数/电导率差异较大的材料接触时,界面处会因电荷积聚引起电场分布不均。空间电荷的存在将畸变绝缘的电场分布,进而导致绝缘的老化甚至击穿[25]。但是如图11所示,聚丙烯和硅橡胶的界面处并无电场不均或者过大的情况,可能是由于聚丙烯的低电荷注入特性(如图6所示,<20 kV/mm下无显著空间电荷积聚)抑制界面极化电荷的生成,进而可能优化了复合界面的电场分布,提升了电缆接头处绝缘的可靠性。
根据应力锥根部到屏蔽管端部的二维截线得到电缆接头位置的轴向电场曲线,如图12所示。
图12可以看出,聚丙烯与硅橡胶复合界面处的最大电场强度为5.7 kV/mm,远低于新型聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘的电气强度,这可能是由于聚丙烯绝缘电介质的低电荷注入特性抑制了聚丙烯与硅橡胶界面处的电荷注入,说明聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘可以应用于电缆接头,符合电缆设计要求。
本文系统研究新型聚丙烯绝缘材料与硅橡胶在典型工况下的电气性能,包括电气强度、空间电荷分布及极化电流等,并对110 kV交流电缆中间接头的电场分布进行仿真计算,主要得到以下结论:
(1)新型聚丙烯材料具备优异的抗击穿性能,在高温(90℃)下依然保持良好的耐压水平,显示出其在高温工况下的可靠性。在不同测试场强下聚丙烯的空间电荷注入现象均不太明显,表明其具有良好的电荷抑制能力。
(2)聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘的电气强度主要受硅橡胶影响,但表现出良好的热稳定性,在30~90℃内其电气强度保持在39.70~47.01 kV/mm。
(3)对应用聚丙烯/硅橡胶复合绝缘的110 kV交流电缆中间接头进行仿真计算,结果表明由于聚丙烯具有低电荷注入特性,减少了复合绝缘中电荷在界面区域的积聚,聚丙烯与硅橡胶复合界面处最大电场强度仅为5.7 kV/mm,符合电缆设计的安全要求。

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2026年第59卷第2期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.02.006
  • 接收时间:2025-03-11
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-11
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    1南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司,广东 广州 510663
    2中国南方电网有限责任公司,广东 广州 510663

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蒋莉梅(2001-),女(汉族),安徽合肥人,工程师,主要从事电缆绝缘材料的介电性能等方面的研究。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.02.006
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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