Article(id=1304923154250494855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747152000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-14, revisedDate=1755273600000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047524273, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1776614400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047524273, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047524273, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047524273, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304923090710982825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776614400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047509124, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789118076681, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305219072573071941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305219072573071942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=138, endPage=144, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304923154439238536, articleId=1304923154250494855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Effect of sample preparation factors on corona resistance life of enamelled wires, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, corona-resistant enamelled round wires were selected as test objects, different twisted wire samples were prepared, and the effects of the sample pitch, the load applied to the wire pair, and number of twists on their corona resistant life were investigated. The results show that a longer twist pitch may lead to shorter failure time, while increasing the load will significantly extend the failure time of the sample, and the effect of different number of twists on failure time of the sample is not obvious. After being soaking in sodium chloride solution, the failure time of the sample slightly extended. However, as the concentration of the solution further increases, the change in failure time is relatively small. After the steel ball used for clamp the sample conductor is subjected to long term corrosion, during the corona resistance test, the exposed conductors of the sample will exhibit more severe electrochemical corrosion characteristics, resulting in a significant increase in the right-skewed extreme value in the failure time data. Based on the above research, when preparing twisted wire samples of enamelled round wires, the twist pitch and load should be precisely controlled, and the steel balls should be regularly replaced according to the testing frequency, to ensure the consistency of corona-resistant test results.

, authors=Ranran ZHU, Guoliang PAN, authorsList=Ranran ZHU, Guoliang PAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304923156385395617, articleId=1304923154250494855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=制样因素对漆包线耐电晕寿命的影响研究, columnId=1192878364483531003, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=测试与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文选取耐电晕漆包圆线作为测试对象,制备不同的扭绞线试样,研究试样节距、施加于线对上的负荷、扭绞圈数等因素对其耐电晕寿命的影响。结果表明:较长的节距会导致试样具有更短的失效时间,而增加负荷则会显著延长试样的失效时间,不同的扭绞圈数对试样失效时间的影响则并不明显。经氯化钠溶液浸泡处理后,试样的失效时间稍有延长,但是随着溶液浓度的进一步增加,失效时间变化较小。夹持试样导体用钢珠被长期腐蚀后,在耐电晕测试过程中与其所接触的试样裸露导体会出现较严重的电化学腐蚀特征,从而导致其失效时间数据中右偏极值明显增多。综合以上研究,在制备漆包圆线扭绞线试样时,应准确控制节距和负荷的大小,并根据测试频率定期更换钢珠,以确保耐电晕寿命测试结果的一致性。

, authors=诸冉冉, 潘国梁, authorsList=诸冉冉, 潘国梁, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

诸冉冉(1986-),女(汉族),上海人,工程师,主要从事新能源及绝缘可靠性评估测试技术的研究

潘国梁(1979-),男(汉族),安徽滁州人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事新能源及绝缘可靠性评估测试技术的研究。

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诸冉冉(1986-),女(汉族),上海人,工程师,主要从事新能源及绝缘可靠性评估测试技术的研究

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诸冉冉(1986-),女(汉族),上海人,工程师,主要从事新能源及绝缘可靠性评估测试技术的研究

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潘国梁(1979-),男(汉族),安徽滁州人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事新能源及绝缘可靠性评估测试技术的研究。

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潘国梁(1979-),男(汉族),安徽滁州人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事新能源及绝缘可靠性评估测试技术的研究。

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(a) 浸泡处理 (b) 烘干处理

, figureFileSmall=uDuDEsqiQbsrBBDOIYFO5g==, figureFileBig=BYNDYoykXPswjF/O+hZl1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923158197334975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923154250494855, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison images of steel ball surface, figureFileSmall=BqDIs+QlmJ1ErkgJM885ww==, figureFileBig=2Fdr3l9NTbKHNi78z+xACw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923158268638144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923154250494855, language=CN, label=图5, caption=钢珠表面对比图片

(a) 新钢珠 (b) 被腐蚀钢珠

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(a) 击穿前 (b) 击穿后

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Experimental factor and level

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编号节距/mm施加在线对上的负荷/N扭绞圈数氯化钠溶液质量分数/%钢珠状态
110513.58未腐蚀
212013.58未腐蚀
313513.58未腐蚀
41253.48未腐蚀
512513.58未腐蚀
6125278未腐蚀
7125548未腐蚀
81251088未腐蚀
912513.54未腐蚀
1012513.58未腐蚀
1112513.512未腐蚀
1212513.516未腐蚀
1312513.520未腐蚀
1412513.580.9未腐蚀
1512513.5820未腐蚀
1612513.58已腐蚀
), ArticleFig(id=1304923159275271120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923154250494855, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验因素水平

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编号节距/mm施加在线对上的负荷/N扭绞圈数氯化钠溶液质量分数/%钢珠状态
110513.58未腐蚀
212013.58未腐蚀
313513.58未腐蚀
41253.48未腐蚀
512513.58未腐蚀
6125278未腐蚀
7125548未腐蚀
81251088未腐蚀
912513.54未腐蚀
1012513.58未腐蚀
1112513.512未腐蚀
1212513.516未腐蚀
1312513.520未腐蚀
1412513.580.9未腐蚀
1512513.5820未腐蚀
1612513.58已腐蚀
), ArticleFig(id=1304923159338185681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923154250494855, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Corona resistance test parameters of enamelled wires

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参数名称技术指标
脉冲电压波形双极性对称型方波
脉冲电压频率/kHz20
脉冲占空比/%50
脉冲上升时间(负载时)/ns100
稳态电压Ua/V±1 250
), ArticleFig(id=1304923159396905938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923154250494855, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

漆包线耐电晕试验参数

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参数名称技术指标
脉冲电压波形双极性对称型方波
脉冲电压频率/kHz20
脉冲占空比/%50
脉冲上升时间(负载时)/ns100
稳态电压Ua/V±1 250
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制样因素对漆包线耐电晕寿命的影响研究
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诸冉冉 , 潘国梁
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2026,59(4): 138-144
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绝缘材料 |测试与分析 2026 , 59 (4) : 138 -144
制样因素对漆包线耐电晕寿命的影响研究
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诸冉冉(1986-),女(汉族),上海人,工程师,主要从事新能源及绝缘可靠性评估测试技术的研究

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诸冉冉(1986-),女(汉族),上海人,工程师,主要从事新能源及绝缘可靠性评估测试技术的研究

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潘国梁(1979-),男(汉族),安徽滁州人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事新能源及绝缘可靠性评估测试技术的研究。

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潘国梁(1979-),男(汉族),安徽滁州人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事新能源及绝缘可靠性评估测试技术的研究。

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诸冉冉, 潘国梁
作者信息
  • 上海国缆检测股份有限公司,上海 200444
作者简介:

诸冉冉(1986-),女(汉族),上海人,工程师,主要从事新能源及绝缘可靠性评估测试技术的研究

潘国梁(1979-),男(汉族),安徽滁州人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事新能源及绝缘可靠性评估测试技术的研究。

Effect of sample preparation factors on corona resistance life of enamelled wires
Ranran ZHU, Guoliang PAN
Affiliations
  • Shanghai National Center of Testing and Inspection for Electric Cable and Wire Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200444, China
出版时间: 2026-04-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.017
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本文选取耐电晕漆包圆线作为测试对象,制备不同的扭绞线试样,研究试样节距、施加于线对上的负荷、扭绞圈数等因素对其耐电晕寿命的影响。结果表明:较长的节距会导致试样具有更短的失效时间,而增加负荷则会显著延长试样的失效时间,不同的扭绞圈数对试样失效时间的影响则并不明显。经氯化钠溶液浸泡处理后,试样的失效时间稍有延长,但是随着溶液浓度的进一步增加,失效时间变化较小。夹持试样导体用钢珠被长期腐蚀后,在耐电晕测试过程中与其所接触的试样裸露导体会出现较严重的电化学腐蚀特征,从而导致其失效时间数据中右偏极值明显增多。综合以上研究,在制备漆包圆线扭绞线试样时,应准确控制节距和负荷的大小,并根据测试频率定期更换钢珠,以确保耐电晕寿命测试结果的一致性。

漆包线  /  耐电晕  /  失效时间  /  试样制备

In this paper, corona-resistant enamelled round wires were selected as test objects, different twisted wire samples were prepared, and the effects of the sample pitch, the load applied to the wire pair, and number of twists on their corona resistant life were investigated. The results show that a longer twist pitch may lead to shorter failure time, while increasing the load will significantly extend the failure time of the sample, and the effect of different number of twists on failure time of the sample is not obvious. After being soaking in sodium chloride solution, the failure time of the sample slightly extended. However, as the concentration of the solution further increases, the change in failure time is relatively small. After the steel ball used for clamp the sample conductor is subjected to long term corrosion, during the corona resistance test, the exposed conductors of the sample will exhibit more severe electrochemical corrosion characteristics, resulting in a significant increase in the right-skewed extreme value in the failure time data. Based on the above research, when preparing twisted wire samples of enamelled round wires, the twist pitch and load should be precisely controlled, and the steel balls should be regularly replaced according to the testing frequency, to ensure the consistency of corona-resistant test results.

enamelled wires  /  corona resistance  /  failure time  /  sample preparation
诸冉冉, 潘国梁. 制样因素对漆包线耐电晕寿命的影响研究. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (4) : 138 -144 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.017
Ranran ZHU, Guoliang PAN. Effect of sample preparation factors on corona resistance life of enamelled wires[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (4) : 138 -144 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.017
近年来,我国新能源汽车产业蓬勃发展,汽车动力系统平台的技术革新日新月异,其中动力系统平台电压等级的逐步提高成为显著的标志之一,当前动力系统电压等级已从传统的400 V逐步提高至800 V、1 000 V。动力系统高压化为新能源汽车带来了多方面的优势,例如更大的电机功率、更快的充电速度以及更轻的整车质量等,这也是新能源汽车动力系统发展的必然趋势。
通常来说,新能源汽车电机设计人员倾向于通过改进线圈浸渍漆材料配方、优化真空压力浸渍(VPI)工艺、增加漆包线的漆膜厚度等方法提高局部放电起始电压(PDIV),使电机绝缘结构满足I型电机(Type I)的要求,即在电机运行的全工况范围内无局部放电产生。因为在高压高频的工作环境下,局部放电一旦发生,会产生高温、臭氧以及带电粒子等,这些因素会对电机的绝缘系统造成严重破坏,加速绝缘材料的老化,缩短电机的使用寿命,甚至引发安全事故。因此,对于I型电机而言,严格控制PDIV是保障电机稳定运行的关键。然而,绝缘结构的PDIV往往会随着温度的上升或者使用过程中绝缘的劣化而逐步下降[2],因此为了确保汽车电机在不同运行工况下具有更高的可靠性,行业内往往在追求更高PDIV的同时[3],也要求漆包线供应商能够提供在高频脉冲条件下具有高耐电晕性能的漆包线。评价漆包线耐电晕性能的方法是将漆包线制成扭绞线并施加一定的高频脉冲电压,通过比较试样失效时间的长短来判断其耐电晕性能的优劣。为延长漆包线的耐电晕寿命,业界针对漆膜的配方和工艺开展了大量的研究工作,其中耐电晕粉体材料填充技术[4]、半导电层偶联技术[5-6]、厚漆膜涂层工艺[7]等新技术的开发都为漆包线产品带来了更长的耐电晕寿命,但是新技术的引入也导致漆包线的结构、组分和性能与普通漆包线相比发生了较大的变化,这种变化给漆包线耐电晕失效时间的检测分析带来了一些新问题,例如试验数据分散性较大、不同实验室测试结果可比性较低等[8]
根据实际经验,漆包线的耐电晕失效时间既与其绝缘结构、涂层均匀性及产品制造工艺有关[9-10],又可能受到试样的制备过程,如扭绞线试样的节距、扭绞圈数以及制备过程中施加于线对上的负荷等因素的影响[11-14]。目前,国内外已有大量文献报道了高频脉冲电压条件下不同试验参数对漆包线耐电晕失效时间的影响以及耐电晕漆包线的老化机理[15-17],但对于扭绞线试样的制备和试验操作的具体细节对耐电晕失效时间影响的研究却较为缺乏,鲜见文献报道。
本文根据国内现有耐电晕漆包线试验方法标准的要求[18],对扭绞线试样制备和测试过程中涉及的多个因素对漆包圆线耐电晕寿命的影响开展研究,包括:试样节距、制备扭绞线时施加在试样上的负荷、操作者手上的汗渍以及试验夹具用钢珠的腐蚀程度等,并对上述因素的作用机理进行分析探讨。
高频脉冲电压试验仪(WPT-5型)、扭绞装置、四爪式电动漆包线去漆机、金相显微镜(VHX-700型)、烘箱(RL100型)和体视显微镜(M100型)。
试样为200级聚酰胺酰亚胺复合聚酯亚胺耐电晕漆包铜圆线,型号规格为Q(ZY/XY)BP-2/200 0.800,取样及制样全程佩戴干净的丁腈手套。参考GB/T 4074.21—2018[18]相关要求进行制样。
在制作扭绞线试样时使用一定质量的负荷悬挂于试样尾端以保证扭绞时的张力均匀稳定并使每一圈扭绞的紧密程度和节距都能得到有效控制,如图1所示。试样节距为第一个扭绞对始端到最后一个扭绞对末端之间的距离,如图2所示。扭绞圈数指的是两根漆包线在一定长度范围内相互缠绕的完整圆周次数。简单来说,就是在将两根漆包线扭绞成线对的过程中,其中一根漆包线围绕另一根漆包线旋转形成完整一圈,计为一个扭绞圈数(如图2所示)。
试样扭绞完成后,使用四爪式电动漆包线去漆机对试样末端进行脱漆处理,操作时设备刀口应调节至稍大于漆包线外径,漆包线应水平放入进料口,开机后前后移动漆包线进行脱漆,以使漆膜彻底清除并露出光洁导体。去除末端漆膜后的试样应分两处剪断扭绞线的端环并使剪断处端头间距最大,标准样品如图3所示,操作过程中应注意避免过分弯曲试样或损伤漆膜。
试验因素水平如表1所示。其中,节距长度变化主要是考虑到制样过程中因线样的规格、柔软度及制样速度的不同会对扭绞线的节距长短产生影响,但受制于扭绞装置的限制,节距一般仅会在有限的范围内(105~135 mm)波动,故本文选择节距分别为105、120、135 mm的试样进行比对试验,其他影响因素试验均选择节距为125 mm。另外,使用氯化钠溶液对试样进行浸泡处理是为了模拟操作者未佩戴手套制作扭绞线试样的过程中汗渍对试验结果的影响。选择质量分数分别为0.9%和20%的两种氯化钠盐溶液对漆包线扭绞线试样进行浸泡预处理(图4(a)为浓度为0.9%的氯化钠溶液浸泡试样),浸泡时间为24 h,取出试样并吸干表面水分,在105℃条件下悬挂于烘箱中进行烘干处理1 h(如图4(b)所示),取出试样冷却至室温后,按GB/T 4074.21—2018方法进行测试,其中空白试样为未做任何处理的扭绞线试样。为研究钢珠作为扭绞线导体夹持装置进行测试时其表面状态对漆包线耐电晕失效时间的影响,使用新钢珠(见图5(a))和被腐蚀钢珠(见图5(b))进行对比试验。
测试一共包括16组,每组试样共15个,高频脉冲电压试验仪每个批次可同时测试5个试样。施加脉冲电压前,应将试样放置在高频脉冲电压试验仪的热态试验箱内于155℃条件下预处理1 h,处理完毕后按照表2中参数施加双极性对称型方波脉冲试验电压,试样击穿后实时记录试样的失效时间。
图6为不同节距试样的耐电晕失效时间箱型图。从图6可以看出,在3个不同节距下,各组数据都未出现离群值,各组数据失效时间的中位值和平均值都随着节距的增大呈单调递减的趋势,且各组无论是上四分位还是下四分位的数值都满足该递减趋势。从箱体宽度可以看出,随着节距的增大,失效时间数据显得相对较为集中。但是从各组数据的上下限来看,其最大值和最小值与节距变化的关联度并不高。
图7为负荷变化对试样失效时间的影响。从图7可以看出,无论从中位值还是平均值来看,试样失效时间都随着负荷的增加呈逐步上升的趋势。当负荷为54 N或108 N时,两组失效时间数据的分散性显著增大,无论是箱型图中的上、下四分位值之间的宽度还是数据的极差都约为负荷为27 N时的两倍。在负荷为108 N的条件下,试样失效时间的平均值低于中位值。
图8为不同扭绞圈数对试样失效时间的影响。从图8可以看出,无论是从均值还是中位值来看,试样的失效时间均无明显的变化趋势,说明在节距相同的前提下,扭绞圈数的增加对试样的耐电晕性能无显著影响。但是,扭绞圈数从4圈增加到12圈的过程中,箱体的宽度明显减小,表明数据的分散性逐步降低。而当扭绞圈数继续增加到16圈以上时,失效时间的数据分散性出现反复波动。
图9为氯化钠溶液浸泡对试样失效时间的影响。从图9可以看出,无论从中位值还是从均值来看,用质量分数为0.9%的氯化钠溶液浸泡处理后,试样的失效时间相对空白试样有所延长,虽然其箱型图的箱体宽度有所减小,但极值差异增大,且出现一高于最大极值的奇异值。当采用质量分数为20%的氯化钠溶液进行浸泡处理后,试样失效时间的平均值和中位值与采用0.9%氯化钠溶液处理的试样差异不大。
图10为钢珠腐蚀程度对试样耐电晕失效时间箱的影响。从图10可以看出,采用腐蚀的钢珠作为电极的一组数据其上下极值的分散性远大于采用未腐蚀的钢珠进行测试所得到的数据,并且还存在一个奇异值。腐蚀钢珠组的平均值偏离中位值的程度也更大,说明钢珠被腐蚀后,寿命数据中右偏的极值明显增多。
高分子电晕腐蚀机理主要包括空间电荷效应和臭氧氧化效应,前者产生的自由电子破坏漆膜中聚合物分子的结构后,气体中的臭氧和氧的等离子体可以比较容易地与这些被破坏的分子发生反应,从而使绝缘发生劣化直至击穿[19]。漆包线试样的电晕腐蚀是一种绝缘层被逐层腐蚀的过程,图11为0.9%氯化钠溶液浸泡后的试样在耐电晕测试前后的横截面照片。从图11(a)可以清晰看到导体外三层不同类型的绝缘;从图11(b)可以看出,除扭绞线之间紧密接触的位置外,其余位置的最外侧绝缘已被完全腐蚀。因此推测试样的耐电晕失效时间主要取决于外部耐电晕漆层的被腐蚀程度。
当扭绞线的节距增大时,其首节和尾节之间的长度增加,两根漆包线之间的接触面积随之增加。因此,在电晕过程中,受到自由电子冲击和臭氧等气体腐蚀的区域面积也增大,进而在一定程度上增大了漆膜薄弱部位被击穿的概率,最终导致平均失效时间或中位值的逐步减小。
随着制样时施加在线对上的负荷增大,两根漆包线间的张力也随之增加,使线与线之间贴合得更加紧密,因此,在相同的节距长度范围内,绞线间暴露于空气中的漆膜面积会相对减小,即减少了发生电晕的区域面积,进而减小了绝缘薄弱点受自由电子和腐蚀气体影响以至于被击穿的概率,延长了失效时间。而扭绞圈数的变化,因其无论是对电晕区域的总面积还是绞线间贴合的紧密程度均影响不大,因此圈数变化未对试样的耐电晕失效时间产生显著影响。
经氯化钠溶液处理后的试样,在烘干过程中,漆膜表面可能形成了保护层,或者烘干后产生的氯化钠结晶填充了绝缘层的微小缺陷与空隙,从而增强了局部绝缘薄弱点的耐电晕性能。另外,浸泡处理还可能改变漆膜表面的粗糙度,使得表面电荷分布更均匀,延长了试样的耐电晕失效时间。
当钢珠表面被腐蚀后,其表面粗糙相比未被腐蚀的钢珠有明显的颜色变化(如图5所示)。这种腐蚀的本质是金属表面被氧化、电晕侵蚀所致的微观结构被破坏。当钢珠表面出现氧化层与电晕侵蚀的坑洞时,可能会降低钢珠的导电性能。
通常金属氧化物的电阻率高于金属本体,且表面坑洞也会导致有效接触导电面积减小,故而在这两者的双重作用下被电晕腐蚀的钢珠电极的电阻值可能显著上升。随着电源至试样导体间的电阻增大,依据串联电路的分压特性,前端电阻的升高导致后端试样所承受的实际电压降低,这不仅减弱了电晕冲击的强度,也相应延长了试样的耐电晕失效时间。此外,通过观察还发现部分失效时间较长的试样在试验过程中其电晕发光强度明显低于其他试样,因此推测部分试样导体与钢珠电极的导电通路可能是以局部爬电的形式存在的,由于试样与钢珠间的接触不良及钢珠导电性能下降两方面因素的叠加,导致钢珠之间出现较强的局部放电,使得钢珠夹持的扭绞线的电极部分呈现出如图12所示的红紫色电化学腐蚀特征,这种现象也验证了前文对腐蚀后钢珠电极因接触劣化所引起的额外压降对试样实际施加电压的影响。但是,这种影响的范围和程度可能取决于电流通路上钢珠表面受腐蚀程度和电导率的下降程度,因为不是导通路径上所有的钢珠都受到了严重的腐蚀,所以只有受影响较大的试样耐电晕强度才会明显的降低,并导致试样更长的失效时间,而其他不受影响或受影响较小的试样其失效时间无显著变化。
(1)在105~135 mm节距范围内,节距的增加导致扭绞线试样的耐电晕失效时间缩短;随着制样时负荷的增大,耐电晕失效时间呈逐步上升趋势;而扭绞圈数的变化对试样的耐电晕失效时间无明显影响。
(2)氯化钠盐溶液的浸泡处理会在一定程度上延长试样的耐电晕失效时间,但是溶液浓度的进一步提高,失效时间无显著延长。
(3)在耐电晕试验设备中作为试样夹具的钢珠电极经长期使用发生腐蚀后,会使试样的耐电晕失效时间大幅延长,且右偏极值明显增多。

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2026年第59卷第4期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.017
  • 接收时间:2025-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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