Article(id=1304922052654293967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921585991836085, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.08.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752768000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-18, revisedDate=1762185600000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047261631, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1787155200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047261631, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047261631, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047261631, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304921585991836085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787155200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047150370, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789117776362, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305217812939698326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921585991836085, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305217812939698327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921585991836085, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=106, endPage=114, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304922052826260432, articleId=1304922052654293967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Influences of filling materials and structural optimization on temperature and stress field of explosion-proof box for 10 kV cable joints, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the acceleration of urbanization, 10 kV distribution cables, as core components of urban power grids, face severe challenges in safe operation. Cable joints are prone to explosion accidents due to electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical multi-field coupling effects, and traditional explosion-proof methods exhibit deficiencies in heat dissipation and stress balance. In this paper, the cable with model YJV22 8.7/15 3×35 mm2 as the research object, and a two-way coupling model of electromagnetic field, temperature field, and solid mechanics field were established to study the temperature and stress distribution patterns of 10 kV cable joints under overload and short-circuit conditions systematically and explore the influences of dimension parameters (radius ratios K1, K2) of the explosion-proof box and sealing materials on explosion-proof performance. The results show that although installing the explosion-proof box impedes heat dissipation, leading to the peak temperature of cable joint rise by about 4℃, while by optimizing the radius ratios (K1) of explosion-proof box to 1.5-1.6 and K2 to 1.6-1.7, the heat dissipation efficiency of cable joint improves significantly and the stress concentration decreases. When the thermal conductivity of the sealing material exceeds 0.5 W/(m·K), the heat dissipation disadvantages of the explosion-proof box can be compensated and the current-carrying capacity increases. Additionally, polyurethane sealant can reduce the stress peak valueof the explosion-proof box by approximately 47 times compared to epoxy resin.

, authors=Shifang Yang1, Haiyang Shang1, 2, Zhong Wang3, Qianpeng Hou1, Yunpeng Liu1, authorsList=Shifang Yang, Haiyang Shang, Zhong Wang, Qianpeng Hou, Yunpeng Liu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304922054541730787, articleId=1304922052654293967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=填充材料与结构优化对10 kV电缆接头防爆盒温度及应力场的影响, columnId=1190369198724452531, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=绝缘技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着城市化进程加速,10 kV配电电缆作为城市电网的核心载体,其安全运行面临严峻挑战。电缆接头因电磁-热-力多场耦合作用易引发爆炸事故,而传统防爆方法在散热与应力平衡方面存在不足。本文以型号为YJV22 8.7/15 3×35 mm2的电缆为研究对象,建立电磁场、温度场及固体力学场双向耦合模型,系统研究10 kV电缆接头在过载及短路工况下的温度与应力分布规律,并探讨防爆盒尺寸参数(半径比K1、K2)及密封胶材料对防爆性能的影响。结果表明:加装防爆盒虽然会阻碍散热导致电缆接头峰值温度上升约4℃,但将防爆盒半径比K1优化至1.5~1.6,K2优化至1.6~1.7时可显著提升电缆接头的散热效率并降低应力集中;密封胶导热系数增大至0.5 W/(m·K)以上时,可弥补防爆盒的散热劣势,并提高载流量;聚氨酯密封胶因弹性优异,较环氧树脂可降低防爆盒应力峰值约47倍。

, authors=杨世芳1, 尚海洋1, 2, 王仲3, 侯前朋1, 刘云鹏1, authorsList=杨世芳, 尚海洋, 王仲, 侯前朋, 刘云鹏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

杨世芳(1994-),女(汉族),河北保定人,副教授,博士,主要从事高电压外绝缘生物染污问题、退役绝缘材料无害化处理等方面的研究。

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杨世芳(1994-),女(汉族),河北保定人,副教授,博士,主要从事高电压外绝缘生物染污问题、退役绝缘材料无害化处理等方面的研究。

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杨世芳(1994-),女(汉族),河北保定人,副教授,博士,主要从事高电压外绝缘生物染污问题、退役绝缘材料无害化处理等方面的研究。

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=CN, label=图1, caption=加装防爆盒后的电缆接头及电缆接头模型切面结构, figureFileSmall=gL6LpLN4wgIbfYm1vjt0vw==, figureFileBig=9m+GsQtsAzvQnO4dXu8RrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922057519685650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The temperature distribution of cable joint under normal operation, figureFileSmall=wjFm6D3LDdJOCWsFCvoUBg==, figureFileBig=5hmwSJZoLU1x9RJw0Y+71Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922057595183123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=CN, label=图2, caption=电缆接头正常运行时的温度分布, figureFileSmall=wjFm6D3LDdJOCWsFCvoUBg==, figureFileBig=5hmwSJZoLU1x9RJw0Y+71Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922057666486292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The temperature distribution of cable joint with explosion-proof box under normal operation, figureFileSmall=ukSmW2Wray+x6HHBP7c1WQ==, figureFileBig=LX8Ha4dK4ykjrO2W98QXqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922057741983765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=CN, label=图3, caption=加装防爆盒后电缆接头正常运行时的温度分布, figureFileSmall=ukSmW2Wray+x6HHBP7c1WQ==, figureFileBig=LX8Ha4dK4ykjrO2W98QXqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922057817481238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The curves of peak temperatures of the joint varying with the single-phase short-circuit time before and after the installation of explosion-proof box, figureFileSmall=kDH72c2xxcaYCb+/OHlIXQ==, figureFileBig=d70HswRS3mnVsJioKxpDLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922057888784407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=CN, label=图4, caption=加装防爆盒前后接头峰值温度随单相短路时间变化曲线图, figureFileSmall=kDH72c2xxcaYCb+/OHlIXQ==, figureFileBig=d70HswRS3mnVsJioKxpDLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922057985253400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The curves of peak temperatures of the joint varying with the degree of short overload before and after the installation of explosion-proof box, figureFileSmall=cB3cwYLdcAb2GgwMIm3BgA==, figureFileBig=PtiWKmUMXMSOubwvq6tcKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922058043973657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=CN, label=图5, caption=加装防爆盒前后接头峰值温度随短过载程度变化曲线图, figureFileSmall=cB3cwYLdcAb2GgwMIm3BgA==, figureFileBig=PtiWKmUMXMSOubwvq6tcKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922058132054042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The curves of peak temperatures of joint with the change of K1 and K2, figureFileSmall=5gEPf4cwV0KZzW9EPXUQwg==, figureFileBig=O0JVFl+KcKt0Fk7l232dvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922058215940123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=CN, label=图6, caption=接头峰值温度随K1、K2值变化曲线图, figureFileSmall=5gEPf4cwV0KZzW9EPXUQwg==, figureFileBig=O0JVFl+KcKt0Fk7l232dvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922058287243292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The change curves of peak temperatures of cable joint with thermal conductivity of sealants, figureFileSmall=suqzN9llnqUBMz2LT+TO/w==, figureFileBig=aZHmjarXy5nQv114t3jpdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922058375323677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=CN, label=图7, caption=电缆接头峰值温度随密封胶导热系数的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=suqzN9llnqUBMz2LT+TO/w==, figureFileBig=aZHmjarXy5nQv114t3jpdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922058438238238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The curve of the peak stress of explosion-proof box shell varying with the values of K1 and K2, figureFileSmall=eDSc4f9iTkTusAoiK/ukpQ==, figureFileBig=OHshqGbAXw03j8yVTstTtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922058505347103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=CN, label=图8, caption=单相短路时防爆盒壳体应力峰值随K1、K2取值变化曲线, figureFileSmall=eDSc4f9iTkTusAoiK/ukpQ==, figureFileBig=OHshqGbAXw03j8yVTstTtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922058564067360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Variation of peak stress on the explosion-proof box shell with overload degree under different sealant fillings, figureFileSmall=NvS33w4C8hH3Nx7PSl8sxA==, figureFileBig=8G4LcOjJddn5Rx9h+RTWiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922058647953441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同密封胶填充时防爆盒壳体应力峰值随过载程度变化, figureFileSmall=NvS33w4C8hH3Nx7PSl8sxA==, figureFileBig=8G4LcOjJddn5Rx9h+RTWiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304922058710868002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Material parameters of cable joint

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料导热系数/(W/(m·K))电导率/(S/m)相对介电常数杨氏模量/Pa泊松比
导体/连接管4005.998×107110×1090.35
绝缘层0.2865.1×10-132.39.5×1080.40
填充材料0.241×10-142.41.5×1090.30
外护套0.1671×10-122.93.25×1090.40
硅橡胶0.281×10-123.55×1080.40
高压屏蔽层/应力锥10.013.26.2×1080.35
防水胶带0.166 71×10-1433.4×1080.30
铠装带0.141×10-142.32×10110.30
密封胶0.31×10-1023.8×1090.35
空气0.024201
玻璃钢0.453×10-102.21.7×10100.35
不锈钢16.31.39×1061.9×10110.30
), ArticleFig(id=1304922058786365475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304922052654293967, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电缆接头材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料导热系数/(W/(m·K))电导率/(S/m)相对介电常数杨氏模量/Pa泊松比
导体/连接管4005.998×107110×1090.35
绝缘层0.2865.1×10-132.39.5×1080.40
填充材料0.241×10-142.41.5×1090.30
外护套0.1671×10-122.93.25×1090.40
硅橡胶0.281×10-123.55×1080.40
高压屏蔽层/应力锥10.013.26.2×1080.35
防水胶带0.166 71×10-1433.4×1080.30
铠装带0.141×10-142.32×10110.30
密封胶0.31×10-1023.8×1090.35
空气0.024201
玻璃钢0.453×10-102.21.7×10100.35
不锈钢16.31.39×1061.9×10110.30
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Structural stress parameters of sealant

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材料弹性模量/MPa泊松比
环氧树脂3 0000.35
聚氨酯600.45
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密封胶结构应力参数

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材料弹性模量/MPa泊松比
环氧树脂3 0000.35
聚氨酯600.45
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填充材料与结构优化对10 kV电缆接头防爆盒温度及应力场的影响
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杨世芳 1 , 尚海洋 1, 2 , 王仲 3 , 侯前朋 1 , 刘云鹏 1
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2026,59(8): 106-114
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绝缘材料 |绝缘技术 2026 , 59 (8) : 106 -114
填充材料与结构优化对10 kV电缆接头防爆盒温度及应力场的影响
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杨世芳(1994-),女(汉族),河北保定人,副教授,博士,主要从事高电压外绝缘生物染污问题、退役绝缘材料无害化处理等方面的研究。

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杨世芳(1994-),女(汉族),河北保定人,副教授,博士,主要从事高电压外绝缘生物染污问题、退役绝缘材料无害化处理等方面的研究。

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杨世芳1, 尚海洋1, 2, 王仲3, 侯前朋1, 刘云鹏1
作者信息
  • 1华北电力大学,河北 保定 071000
  • 2山东省济宁供电公司 山东 济宁 272000
  • 3四川大学 电气工程学院,四川 成都 610065
作者简介:

杨世芳(1994-),女(汉族),河北保定人,副教授,博士,主要从事高电压外绝缘生物染污问题、退役绝缘材料无害化处理等方面的研究。

Influences of filling materials and structural optimization on temperature and stress field of explosion-proof box for 10 kV cable joints
Shifang Yang1, Haiyang Shang1, 2, Zhong Wang3, Qianpeng Hou1, Yunpeng Liu1
Affiliations
  • 1North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
  • 2Jining Power Supply Company of Shandong Province, Jining 272000, China
  • 3School of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
出版时间: 2026-08-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.08.012
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随着城市化进程加速,10 kV配电电缆作为城市电网的核心载体,其安全运行面临严峻挑战。电缆接头因电磁-热-力多场耦合作用易引发爆炸事故,而传统防爆方法在散热与应力平衡方面存在不足。本文以型号为YJV22 8.7/15 3×35 mm2的电缆为研究对象,建立电磁场、温度场及固体力学场双向耦合模型,系统研究10 kV电缆接头在过载及短路工况下的温度与应力分布规律,并探讨防爆盒尺寸参数(半径比K1、K2)及密封胶材料对防爆性能的影响。结果表明:加装防爆盒虽然会阻碍散热导致电缆接头峰值温度上升约4℃,但将防爆盒半径比K1优化至1.5~1.6,K2优化至1.6~1.7时可显著提升电缆接头的散热效率并降低应力集中;密封胶导热系数增大至0.5 W/(m·K)以上时,可弥补防爆盒的散热劣势,并提高载流量;聚氨酯密封胶因弹性优异,较环氧树脂可降低防爆盒应力峰值约47倍。

电缆接头  /  多物理场耦合  /  防爆盒优化  /  应力分布  /  温度场仿真

With the acceleration of urbanization, 10 kV distribution cables, as core components of urban power grids, face severe challenges in safe operation. Cable joints are prone to explosion accidents due to electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical multi-field coupling effects, and traditional explosion-proof methods exhibit deficiencies in heat dissipation and stress balance. In this paper, the cable with model YJV22 8.7/15 3×35 mm2 as the research object, and a two-way coupling model of electromagnetic field, temperature field, and solid mechanics field were established to study the temperature and stress distribution patterns of 10 kV cable joints under overload and short-circuit conditions systematically and explore the influences of dimension parameters (radius ratios K1, K2) of the explosion-proof box and sealing materials on explosion-proof performance. The results show that although installing the explosion-proof box impedes heat dissipation, leading to the peak temperature of cable joint rise by about 4℃, while by optimizing the radius ratios (K1) of explosion-proof box to 1.5-1.6 and K2 to 1.6-1.7, the heat dissipation efficiency of cable joint improves significantly and the stress concentration decreases. When the thermal conductivity of the sealing material exceeds 0.5 W/(m·K), the heat dissipation disadvantages of the explosion-proof box can be compensated and the current-carrying capacity increases. Additionally, polyurethane sealant can reduce the stress peak valueof the explosion-proof box by approximately 47 times compared to epoxy resin.

cable joint  /  multi-physics field coupling  /  explosion-proof box optimization  /  stress distribution  /  temperature field simulation
杨世芳, 尚海洋, 王仲, 侯前朋, 刘云鹏. 填充材料与结构优化对10 kV电缆接头防爆盒温度及应力场的影响. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (8) : 106 -114 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.08.012
Shifang Yang, Haiyang Shang, Zhong Wang, Qianpeng Hou, Yunpeng Liu. Influences of filling materials and structural optimization on temperature and stress field of explosion-proof box for 10 kV cable joints[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (8) : 106 -114 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.08.012
在现代社会,电力供应如同城市的“生命线”,其稳定性与安全性直接关系到社会经济的稳定发展和人们的日常生活。随着城市化进程的加速,电力需求呈爆发式增长,电力电缆作为城市化进程中电力传输的关键载体,在城市配电网中的应用越来越广泛。尤其是10 kV配电电缆,因其供电可靠性高、占地面积小等优势,成为城市电力输送的重要组成部分。然而,电缆接头作为电缆线路中的关键连接部件,却成为影响电力系统安全稳定运行的薄弱环节[1-5]
由于实际运行过程中的不正确操作或电缆长期运行于恶劣环境,电缆接头故障引发的事故频发,给电力系统带来了严重威胁[6]。电缆接头一旦发生故障,短路电流产生的高温和强大电动力会使接头迅速升温、膨胀,最终引发爆炸,爆炸产生的能量可能进一步破坏周边的电缆设施,导致停电范围扩大;同时,高温还极易引发火灾,威胁人员生命安全和财产安全[7]
为了应对电缆接头的故障问题,传统的防爆方法主要集中在机械加固和材料改进方面。在机械加固方面,常通过增加外壳厚度、改进结构设计等方式,提高接头的抗冲击能力。但这种方式往往会增加成本,且在面对强烈短路冲击时,效果并不理想。从材料改进方面,虽研发了多种高性能绝缘材料和防护材料,但仍难以同时满足高强度、高绝缘性和良好散热性的要求[8-12]
在仿真研究领域,现有的研究虽然对电缆接头的物理特性有了一定探索,但在多物理场耦合分析方面仍存在明显不足。而实际上,电缆接头在运行过程中,电磁场、温度场和应力场相互影响、相互制约。当电缆过载或发生短路时,缆芯导体中电流激增产生的电磁损耗会使导体温度升高,温度变化又会导致材料性能改变,进而影响电磁场分布和应力状态,这种复杂的耦合关系在现有研究中未得到充分考虑[5,8,13]
针对以上问题,本文建立多物理场耦合仿真模型,深入研究10 kV电缆接头在过载、短路等故障情况下的应力和温度分布规律,对于揭示故障发生机制、优化防爆措施具有重要的理论和实际意义。通过全面分析多物理场耦合作用,有望突破传统防爆方法的局限,提出更有效的电缆接头防爆策略,保障电力系统的安全稳定运行,这也正是本文的研究重点和出发点。
本文选择型号为YJV228.7/15 3×35 mm2的10 kV交流三芯电力电缆作为物理场仿真对象,电缆本体长度为2 000 mm,接头防爆盒长度为1 600 mm。建立的电力电缆接头模型及其切面如图1示,r1为电缆接头半径,r2为防爆盒中心半径,r3为电缆本体半径,r4为阶梯型防爆盒对应本体处的半径,其中r1=41 mm、r3=26 mm,r2=Kr1、r4=Kr3。K1和K2为关键的结构优化参数,分别决定了防爆盒中心部分和两侧阶梯部分的径向尺寸。K1的增大意味着防爆盒主体内部空间的增加,有利于散热和应力缓冲;K2的增大则意味着防爆盒两端径向尺寸增大,能够改善热传导路径。为了提高仿真效率,在仿真过程中对多层薄绝缘等结构进行简化处理。各结构温度场及应力场参数如表1所示。
本文重点研究电缆接头防爆盒的温度和应力特性,涉及电磁场、温度场以及固体力学场的计算,其中电导率和相对介电常数是影响电场分布的关键特征参数;导热系数是影响温度分布的关键特征参数;杨氏模量和泊松比是影响应力分布的关键特征参数。对于导体及金属屏蔽材料,其相对介电常数在静电场仿真中通常不作为关键参数,本模型主要关注其导电属性。
无论是异常运行状态还是故障,都属于电缆缆芯中通电产生焦耳热和磁场进一步产生电动力的固体传热和应力传导问题。电磁场控制方程使用A形式的矢量势公式(安培定律)来表示,如式(1)所示。
×H=J
B=×A
J=σE+Je
E=-At
式(1)中:H为磁场强度;J为电流密度;B为磁感应强度;E为电场强度;t为时间;A为磁矢势;为旋度运算符;Je为外部电流密度;σ为电导率。
温度场控制方程如式(2)所示。
ρCpTt+ρCpuT+q=Q+Qted
q=-kT
式(2)中:ρ为材料密度;k为导热系数;Cp为恒压热容;Q为热源;u为位移;T为温度;q为热流密度;Qted为焦耳热。
固体力学场控制方程如式(3)所示。
ρ2ut2=S+Fv
式(3)中:S为应力张量;Fv为体积力。
耦合计算中调用热膨胀模块,即考虑由热效应引起的热应变,实际计算公式如式(4)所示。
εth=αTT-Tref
S=C/εth
式(4)中:α(T)为材料随温度变化的热膨胀系数;εth为弹性应变;C为弹性模量张量;Tref为参考温度。
进行过载仿真时,可直接将电流设置为过载电流进行稳态研究。而进行单相短路研究时,由于短路电流为时变电流,需要进行瞬态研究。当三芯电缆线路中其中一相发生接地短路时,根据电力系统暂态分析可知,发生故障后的电流为时变电流,因此应选择瞬态研究。选取其中一根铜芯设置为线圈域条件,线圈类型选择单导线,由于当前COMSOL最新版本中暂不支持三维线圈单导线电流激励的瞬态研究,因此线圈的激励方式选择电路(电压),将该单导线连接至外接电路上进行短路电流激励。为确保电磁场瞬态计算的收敛性,施加A场规范固定。
固体传热模块中添加热源域,热源类型选择广义源,其中Q0选择“体积损耗密度,电磁(mf)”,设置电缆接头及防爆盒所有外边界为热通量的边界条件,通量类型选择对流热通量,传热系数设置为自然对流条件下的0.3 W/(m·K),环境温度设置为293.15 K。其中,对流传热系数的增大会增强电缆接头的散热能力,从而导致电缆接头峰值温度显著降低。而环境温度会影响中间接头与周围环境的温差进一步影响中间接头的散热能力,从而影响电缆接头的峰值温度。传输同样的负载电流时,环境温度越高则电缆接头峰值温度越高。而防爆盒的厚度的增加通常会导致热阻增大从而影响其散热能力,造成中间接头峰值温度上升。
固体力学中添加体载荷域条件,载荷类型选择单位体积的力,其中Fv选择洛伦兹力贡献(mf/al1),设置此条件以模拟导体所受电动力在电缆接头防爆盒中的作用效果,本构模型采用线弹性假设。因所建立的电缆接头模型为实际电缆的一部分,因此电缆切面应设置为固定约束的边界条件。
本模型采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件的瞬态求解器进行耦合计算。网格划分采用物理场控制网格进行自由四面体网格划分,对电缆接头、连接管及防爆盒等体积较小的关键区域进行网格细化,确保计算精度。共形成域单元902 242个,顶点单元468个,边单元20 877个。在短路工况的瞬态仿真中,时间步长设置为自适应步长,最大步长为0.005 s,总计算时长为0.15 s,收敛准则为相对容差小于1×10-3。瞬态计算采用直接求解器PARDISO,以确保非线性问题的收敛性。
具体求解过程中,电磁场、温度场和应力场的耦合关系如下:电磁场输入的线圈电流作为激励,由于存在电磁损耗,金属导体内会产生热量,因此金属导体即为热源项,而金属导体的温度又会反过来影响金属导体的电导率进而影响电磁损耗密度,因此,电磁场与温度场达成了双向耦合。固体力学场的应力计算需要位移分布及温度作为条件,然而由于热膨胀引起模型形变又会反过来影响温度场数值离散求解区域,进而影响温度场计算,所以温度场与应力场也达成了双向耦合。此外,由于通电导线会产生磁场,而通电导线在磁场中会受到电动力的作用,因此还存在电磁场与应力场的双向耦合关系[7]
分电缆导体的实际运行峰值温度决定了电缆的载流量,因此,需要对加装防爆盒前后的电缆中间导体进行温度场仿真分析。
三芯电缆正常运行时,三相承受大小相等的负载电流,分别在加装防爆盒前后向三相导体中通入有限值为105 A的电流作为三芯电缆的正常工作电流。异常运行状态以及故障时的温度分布对于电缆接头爆炸早期判断十分重要,分别向加装防爆盒前后的电缆接头其中一相通入过载10%~50%情况下的有效电流以模拟单相过载情况;分别向加装防爆盒前后的电缆接头其中一相通入幅值为6.93 kA,持续时间为0.1 s的电流以模拟单相短路。暂态短路电流如式(5)所示。
iB=ipB+inpB=Imsin(ωt+α-φ)+Inp0e-tTa
其中
ipB=Imsin(ωt+α-φ)
inpB=Inp0e-tTa
式(5)中:ω是角频率;α是短路瞬间电源电压的相位角;φ是短路回角;Inp0是短路电流非周期分量的初始值;L是电感;R为电阻;Ta是时间常数,Ta=LRipB为暂态过程电流的周期分量;inpB为暂态过程电流非周期分量;iB为B相总电流。
图2图3分别为电缆接头加装防爆盒前后,正常运行时的稳态温度分布云图。
图2图3可看出,加装防爆盒后正常运行的电缆接头温度峰值上升了4.2℃。图4图5分别为加装防爆盒前后,电缆发生短路故障和过载时的温度变化。从图4图5可以看出,发生短路以及故障时,加装防爆盒后的导体温度峰值也比未加装防爆盒时上升了约4℃。这是由于防爆盒通常为密闭或半密闭结构,阻碍了电缆接头原本通过空气自然对流散热的途径。空气无法像以前那样迅速地将热量带走,使得热量在防爆盒内积聚,进而导致电缆接头的最高温度升高。加装防爆盒后接头温升约4℃的仿真结果,与钱健等[8]的实验结果高度吻合。
电缆接头常用的防爆盒形状为阶梯型,不同尺寸的防爆盒会对电缆接头的散热产生不同的影响,进而影响电缆接头的温度分布。本文中的防爆盒中间半径r2=K1×r1,防爆盒两侧半径r4=K2×r3,分别研究电缆接头运行于正常工况时,接头峰值温度随K1、K2值变化情况,结果如图6所示。
图6可以看出,当防爆盒的K1和K2逐渐增大时,导体峰值温度随之降低。经分析,这是由于防爆盒半径增大后,其外表面与周围环境的接触面积随之增加,更大的表面积能够通过自然对流和辐射将更多热量散发到环境中,从而降低防爆盒内部热量的积聚,推荐K1选取1.5~1.6、K2选取1.6~1.7,可在控制设备体积的前提下实现较好的散热效果。此外,K1增大意味着防爆盒内部空间更充裕,密封胶(如聚氨酯)在更大的空间内能够更均匀地分布,从而通过弹性变形吸收热膨胀应力,减少局部热应力集中。同时,防爆盒密封胶与空气的接触面积增加,促进了热量的传导与对流。
防爆盒安装过程中,防爆盒壳体与电缆接头间会灌装密封胶。通常,要保证密封胶的导热系数≥0.3 W/(m·K),由于不同厂家使用的密封胶材质或生产工艺不同,密封胶导热系数也不同,从而进一步影响电缆接头的峰值温度。为研究防爆盒密封胶导热系数对于电缆接头峰值温度的影响,设置正常工作电流,分别设置导热系数为0.30、0.35、0.40、0.45、0.50、0.55、0.60、0.65、0.70 W/(m·K)的密封胶进行仿真计算,得到电缆接头峰值温度随密封胶导热系数变化曲线如图7所示。
图7可以看出,随着防爆盒密封胶导热系数从0.30 W/(m·K)逐渐增大至0.70 W/(m·K),电缆接头的峰值温度呈下降趋势,表明增大密封胶的导热系数能够增强其散热能力,有效降低电缆接头在运行过程中的峰值温度。当密封胶导热系数约为0.50 W/(m·K)时,加装防爆盒前后电缆接头的峰值温度相同;密封胶导热系数进一步增大时,加装防爆盒的电缆接头峰值温度低于未加装防爆盒的电缆接头峰值温度,说明当防爆盒密封胶导热系数足够大时能够提高电缆的载流量。从曲线变化趋势来看,随着密封胶导热系数增大,电缆接头峰值温度对于密封胶导热系数的敏感度逐渐降低。例如,当密封胶导热系数从0.30 W/(m·K)增大到0.35 W/(m·K)时,电缆接头峰值温度下降幅度相对较大;而密封胶导热系数从0.60 W/(m·K)增大到0.65 W/(m·K)时,电缆接头峰值温度下降幅度变小,表明在选择密封胶导热系数时,并非越高越好,需综合考虑成本、材料特性等因素,在合适的范围内选择,以实现降低电缆接头运行温度的同时,保证经济效益和整体性能。
防爆盒尺寸同样也是影响电缆接头应力分布的原因之一,本节将研究防爆盒半径比K1和K2的变化对电缆接头应力的影响。
图8为发生短路后0.1 s时不同比值的阶梯形防爆盒壳体上的应力峰值。
图8可以看出,单相发生短路时,防爆盒壳体所承受应力峰值均随K1和K2值的增大而减小,其中应力峰值随K1增大从3.47×108 Pa降低到3.17×108 Pa,随K2增大从3.47×108 Pa降低到3.201×108 Pa。经分析,这是由于随着防爆盒中心半径增大,内部密封胶空间相对增大,为防爆盒壳体提供的缓冲作用更加明显,在相同过载条件下,应力分布更加均匀,从而降低了壳体所受的最大应力,在散热条件较好的K1=1.5~1.6、K2=1.6~1.7区间,同样可有效降低短路故障下防爆盒壳体应力峰值。通过优化防爆盒从而使其本身受到应力峰值的下降与钱健等通过应变片测量证实防爆盒尺寸优化可降低应力集中的实验结果相同[7]
为定量分析不同密封胶对电缆接头应力的影响,本文选用环氧树脂与聚氨酯进行对比,材料相关参数如表2所示。
表2可以看出,环氧树脂弹性模量高达3 000 MPa,而聚氨酯弹性模量仅为60 MPa,两者相差约50倍,该现象是导致在相同变形条件下,刚性环氧树脂传递的应力远高于柔性聚氨酯的根本原因。环氧树脂和聚氨酯是电缆接头常用的密封胶材料,而固化后的环氧树脂密封胶和聚氨酯密封胶的力学性能差距较大。为排除材料导热系数、热膨胀系数差异对热应力仿真结果带来的干扰,本文将两种密封胶的导热系数与热膨胀系数设置为相同数值。在不考虑密封胶高温熔融行为的前提下,两种密封胶力学性能仍存在固有差异,会改变应力在电缆接头内部的传递规律;因此即便故障工况一致,防爆盒壳体承受的应力水平也将有所区别。因此对不同过载程度下两种密封胶填充的防爆盒进行应力仿真,研究因材料变化造成的应力影响,结果如图9所示。
图9可以看出,环氧树脂密封胶填充的防爆壳体承受应力峰值约为聚氨酯密封胶填充的防爆壳的47倍,这是由于环氧树脂密封胶固化后,形成高度交联的三维网状结构,强度和硬度较高,但同样的环氧树脂密封胶固化后通常较脆,伸长率小、弹性差。相比之下,聚氨酯密封胶固化后的强度和硬度相对较低,具有良好的弹性和柔韧性,能够承受一定程度的拉伸、压缩和剪切变形而不破裂,可有效缓冲和吸收外力。因此以聚氨酯密封胶填充的防爆壳体所受应力峰值远小于环氧树脂密封胶填充下的防爆壳体。
本文搭建了特定型号下的10 kV三芯电缆接头及防爆盒简化模型,应用COMSOL软件对其进行电磁-热-力场仿真分析,得到如下结论:
(1)在过载和短路故障条件下,电缆接头的温度显著升高。过载电流增加时,接头导体温度呈非线性增长。防爆盒的安装虽然对电缆接头的散热有一定阻碍作用,导致电缆接头峰值温度上升4℃左右,但通过优化防爆盒的结构尺寸和密封胶的导热性能,可以有效降低温升,确保电缆接头在正常运行时的温度处于安全范围内。
(2)将K1优化至1.5~1.6,K2优化至1.6~1.7时,防爆盒的散热与应力缓解效果最佳。增大防爆盒半径比可增加散热面积,降低电缆接头的运行温度。同时,使应力分布更加均匀,降低壳体所受最大应力。防爆盒的几何结构优化对提升其抗爆性能和散热性能具有重要意义,为防爆盒的设计提供了理论依据。
(3)防爆盒密封胶的导热系数对电缆接头的温升有直接影响,密封胶导热系数越大,电缆接头的峰值温度越低。但随着密封胶导热系数增大,接头峰值温度对于密封胶导热系数敏感度降低,在实际工程应用中建议选用导热系数不小于0.5 W/(m·K)的柔性密封胶(如聚氨酯),以实现温升控制与应力优化的平衡。
(4)环氧树脂密封胶和聚氨酯密封胶在力学性能上存在显著差异。聚氨酯密封胶因其良好的弹性和柔韧性,在相同故障条件下,防爆盒壳体所受应力远小于环氧树脂密封胶填充的防爆盒,表现出更好的抗爆性能,填充环氧树脂时峰值应力约为填充聚氨酯时的47倍。

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2026年第59卷第8期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.08.012
  • 接收时间:2025-07-18
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-18
  • 修回日期:2025-11-04
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    1华北电力大学,河北 保定 071000
    2山东省济宁供电公司 山东 济宁 272000
    3四川大学 电气工程学院,四川 成都 610065
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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