Article(id=1304921960329274329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921832184897890, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.05.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753804800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-30, revisedDate=1762358400000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047239619, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1779206400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047239619, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047239619, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047239619, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304921832184897890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779206400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047209067, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789118050557, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305218963043021063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921832184897890, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305218963043021064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921832184897890, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=68, endPage=76, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304921960543183834, articleId=1304921960329274329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Analysis of influence of SiC inverter characteristics on voltage distribution in traction motor windings, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the influence of SiC inverter characteristics on the voltage distribution in traction motor windings, this paper first proposed an equivalent circuit model for the high-frequency distributed parameters of motor windings that accounted for the proximity capacitance effect of the conductor. Subsequently, the voltage stress distribution characteristics of the winding under single-phase and three-phase pulse output from the SiC inverter were analyzed, and the correctness of the model analysis results was verified using an experimental test platform. Finally, the effects of the switching frequency, dv/dt, and grounding method of the SiC inverter on the winding voltage stress distribution were analyzed. The results show that under single-phase pulse operation, the maximum voltage stress to ground of the windings occurs on the winding near the inverter of the other two phases. Under three-phase pulse operation, the maximum voltage stress to ground appears on the middle-position winding of the respective phase. The switching frequency does not affect the maximum values of either the voltage stress to ground or the interturn voltage stress of the winding. The dv/dt significantly affects the interturn voltage stress distribution, when dv/dt increases from 2.0 kV/μs to 15.0 kV/μs, the maximum interturn voltage stress increases by about three times. Different grounding methods have a considerable influence on the voltage stress to ground distribution of winding, and the minimum voltage stress to ground is achieved when a 1/2 grounding system is adopted.

, authors=Youlong WU, Guanfang LIU, Jiexin FAN, Dan LI, authorsList=Youlong WU, Guanfang LIU, Jiexin FAN, Dan LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304921967061127332, articleId=1304921960329274329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=SiC逆变器特性对牵引电机绕组电压分布影响分析, columnId=1190369198724452531, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=绝缘技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究SiC逆变器特性对牵引电机绕组电压分布的影响,本文首先提出了考虑导体邻近电容效应的电机绕组高频分布参数的等效电路模型;其次分析了SiC逆变器输出单相脉冲和三相脉冲下的绕组电压应力分布特性,并利用试验测试平台验证了模型分析结果的正确性;最后分析了SiC逆变器的开关频率、dv/dt和接地方式对绕组电压应力分布的影响。结果表明:单相脉冲作用下,绕组的最大对地电压应力出现在另外两相的接近逆变器绕组上;三相脉冲作用下,最大对地电压应力均出现在本相的中间位置绕组上;开关频率不会影响绕组对地电压应力和匝间电压应力最大值;dv/dt会严重影响绕组匝间电压应力分布,当dv/dt由2.0 kV/μs增加到15.0 kV/μs时,匝间电压应力最大值会提升3倍左右;不同的接地方式对绕组对地电压应力分布的影响较大,采用1/2接地系统时,绕组对地电压应力最小。

, authors=吴有龙, 刘冠芳, 樊洁心, 李丹, authorsList=吴有龙, 刘冠芳, 樊洁心, 李丹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

吴有龙(1991-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,工程师,研究方向为电机绝缘结构仿真与设计。

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吴有龙(1991-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,工程师,研究方向为电机绝缘结构仿真与设计。

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吴有龙(1991-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,工程师,研究方向为电机绝缘结构仿真与设计。

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IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2019,61(6):2040-2049., articleTitle=A survey of active EMI filters for conducted EMI noise reduction in power electronic converters, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1304922076951901147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921960329274329, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304922076956095452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921960329274329, companyId=1304922076951901147, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Shanxi Key Laboratory of Traction Motor for Rail Transit, CRRC Yongji Electric Co., Ltd., Yongji 044502, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304922076968678365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921960329274329, companyId=1304922076951901147, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, 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articleId=1304921960329274329, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Technical parameters of the motor

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参数数值
额定功率/kW650
额定电压/V2 800
额定电流/A170
额定转速/(r/min)4 173
极数4
绕组接线方式Y
线圈节距12
), ArticleFig(id=1304922083218190364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921960329274329, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电机技术参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
额定功率/kW650
额定电压/V2 800
额定电流/A170
额定转速/(r/min)4 173
极数4
绕组接线方式Y
线圈节距12
), ArticleFig(id=1304922083289493533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921960329274329, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Distributed capacitance and AC resistance parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
分布电容/pFC10184.7
C20,C30,C40,C50,C60,C7053.1
C8079.9
C12,C23,C34,C45,C56,C67,C781429.2
C13,C24,C35,C57,C682.8
交流电阻/mΩR144.14
R243.69
R343.03
R442.14
R541.03
R639.71
R738.18
R836.41
), ArticleFig(id=1304922083360796702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921960329274329, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

分布电容及交流电阻参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
分布电容/pFC10184.7
C20,C30,C40,C50,C60,C7053.1
C8079.9
C12,C23,C34,C45,C56,C67,C781429.2
C13,C24,C35,C57,C682.8
交流电阻/mΩR144.14
R243.69
R343.03
R442.14
R541.03
R639.71
R738.18
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SiC逆变器特性对牵引电机绕组电压分布影响分析
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吴有龙 , 刘冠芳 , 樊洁心 , 李丹
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2026,59(5): 68-76
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绝缘材料 |绝缘技术 2026 , 59 (5) : 68 -76
SiC逆变器特性对牵引电机绕组电压分布影响分析
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吴有龙, 刘冠芳, 樊洁心, 李丹
作者信息
  • 中车永济电机有限公司 轨道交通牵引电机山西省重点实验室,山西 永济 044502
作者简介:

吴有龙(1991-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,工程师,研究方向为电机绝缘结构仿真与设计。

Analysis of influence of SiC inverter characteristics on voltage distribution in traction motor windings
Youlong WU, Guanfang LIU, Jiexin FAN, Dan LI
Affiliations
  • Shanxi Key Laboratory of Traction Motor for Rail Transit, CRRC Yongji Electric Co., Ltd., Yongji 044502, China
出版时间: 2026-05-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.05.008
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为了研究SiC逆变器特性对牵引电机绕组电压分布的影响,本文首先提出了考虑导体邻近电容效应的电机绕组高频分布参数的等效电路模型;其次分析了SiC逆变器输出单相脉冲和三相脉冲下的绕组电压应力分布特性,并利用试验测试平台验证了模型分析结果的正确性;最后分析了SiC逆变器的开关频率、dv/dt和接地方式对绕组电压应力分布的影响。结果表明:单相脉冲作用下,绕组的最大对地电压应力出现在另外两相的接近逆变器绕组上;三相脉冲作用下,最大对地电压应力均出现在本相的中间位置绕组上;开关频率不会影响绕组对地电压应力和匝间电压应力最大值;dv/dt会严重影响绕组匝间电压应力分布,当dv/dt由2.0 kV/μs增加到15.0 kV/μs时,匝间电压应力最大值会提升3倍左右;不同的接地方式对绕组对地电压应力分布的影响较大,采用1/2接地系统时,绕组对地电压应力最小。

SiC逆变器  /  牵引电机  /  电压应力  /  分布参数  /  绝缘

To investigate the influence of SiC inverter characteristics on the voltage distribution in traction motor windings, this paper first proposed an equivalent circuit model for the high-frequency distributed parameters of motor windings that accounted for the proximity capacitance effect of the conductor. Subsequently, the voltage stress distribution characteristics of the winding under single-phase and three-phase pulse output from the SiC inverter were analyzed, and the correctness of the model analysis results was verified using an experimental test platform. Finally, the effects of the switching frequency, dv/dt, and grounding method of the SiC inverter on the winding voltage stress distribution were analyzed. The results show that under single-phase pulse operation, the maximum voltage stress to ground of the windings occurs on the winding near the inverter of the other two phases. Under three-phase pulse operation, the maximum voltage stress to ground appears on the middle-position winding of the respective phase. The switching frequency does not affect the maximum values of either the voltage stress to ground or the interturn voltage stress of the winding. The dv/dt significantly affects the interturn voltage stress distribution, when dv/dt increases from 2.0 kV/μs to 15.0 kV/μs, the maximum interturn voltage stress increases by about three times. Different grounding methods have a considerable influence on the voltage stress to ground distribution of winding, and the minimum voltage stress to ground is achieved when a 1/2 grounding system is adopted.

SiC inverter  /  traction motor  /  voltage stress  /  distribution parameters  /  insulation
吴有龙, 刘冠芳, 樊洁心, 李丹. SiC逆变器特性对牵引电机绕组电压分布影响分析. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (5) : 68 -76 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.05.008
Youlong WU, Guanfang LIU, Jiexin FAN, Dan LI. Analysis of influence of SiC inverter characteristics on voltage distribution in traction motor windings[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (5) : 68 -76 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.05.008
随着电力机车的高速化、重载化发展,电驱系统的功率密度逐步增加,电力机车牵引电机迈向了高速化、高频化、高压化[1]。由于本征极限,传统硅基器件的开关频率已经达到上限[1-2]。第三代宽禁带半导体器件SiC、GaN等已经逐步在电驱动系统中使用。基于高开关频率,SiC器件能有效地降低电机绕组中的电流谐波和谐波损耗,从而使电机的效率得到提升[3]。SiC器件高的直流母线电压使得电机高效区转向高速区,从而更符合牵引电机高效、轻量化的需求[4]。但是,SiC器件的使用将会导致牵引电机定子绕组长期地处在更大的dv/dt脉冲电压作用下,使绕组承受更高的冲击电压,严重威胁系统的安全可靠运行[5-6]
SiC器件高速开关动作输出的宽频激励作用在变频牵引电机系统上,电机系统的高频分布参数会导致开关动作下的电压振荡响应[7-8],定子绕组电压应力呈现非均匀、非线性分布[9-11],大的非均匀、非线性电压应力冲击容易导致局部绝缘变得薄弱[12],使绝缘击穿的风险大幅增加。
SiC器件输出的宽频激励作为牵引电机的输入脉冲电压激励源,其输出特性取决于极性、开关频率、dv/dt和接地方式[13-16],逆变器输出的相电压和线电压会直接作用在绕组主绝缘和相间绝缘上[17]。逆变器的这种特性加之绕组高频分布参数,共同导致绕组电压应力分布不均,这种不均匀性会大幅增加绝缘系统匝间和主绝缘的击穿风险[18-19]
文献[20]通过有限元方法对一台扁线叠绕组在高频脉冲电压作用下的绕组匝间电压进行了计算。文献[21]提出考虑双导体边耦合效应的Hairpin绕组单匝线圈高频等效电路模型,并结合有限元算法分析计算了绕组匝间绝缘的电压应力,为了简化高频等效电路的计算,针对电容只考虑对地电容和本匝的匝间电容,未考虑相邻匝相间电容(如针对第1匝,只考虑1~2匝间电容,对1~3匝间电容不作考虑)。然而关于SiC逆变器输出特性对变频电机绕组对地电压应力和匝间电压应力分布的研究尚未报道。
针对上述问题,本文建立考虑邻近匝间电容的高频等效电路模型(全参数模型),分析逆变器特性开关频率、dv/dt和接地方式对牵引电机绕组电压应力的分布,并结合试验验证计算的准确性,以期为SiC器件逆变器供电下的牵引电机绝缘系统设计提供有力支撑。
以某扁线绕组异步牵引电机为研究对象。该电机为一台4极60槽、8匝绕组结构的异步电动机。电机定子三维结构示意图如图1所示,电机详细参数如表1所示,绕组导体尺寸为2.14 mm×3.43 mm,8匝绕制方式为双根并绕。
SiC器件相较于传统Si器件,上升时间可低至50 ns,开关频率可达500 kHz[20-21],加之SiC器件的使用会提供更高的直流母线电压,dv/dt更是达到20 kV/μs[22],电机绕组主绝缘会承受更大的电应力,逆变器的不同接地方式能有效地改善绕组绝缘电应力分布[23]。高频脉冲电压的作用会导致绕组匝间承受不均匀的电压应力,严重时会导致匝间击穿。因此,绕组电压的准确计算是判断绝缘安全的先决条件。
为了考虑邻近线匝的作用,以匝为单位建立单支线圈的高频等效电路模型,如图2所示。其中Rx代表第x匝的等效交流电阻,Lx代表第x匝的自感,Mxy代表第x匝和第y匝的互感,Cx代表第x匝的对地电容,Cxy代表第x匝和第y匝的匝间电容。
若每一个绕组为n匝,则包含2n个导体边,根据KLC和KLV定律,可以建立节点k的电压和电流方程,如式(1)~(2)所示。
uj-1-uj-Rjij-Lj,jdijdt-i=1ij2nMj,idiidt=0
ij-ij+1-Cj,0dujdt-i=1ij2nCj.id(uj-ui)dt=0
式(1)~(2)中:t为时间;ui为节点i的对地电压;uj为节点j的对地电压;uj-1为第j-1个节点的对地电压,当j=1时,uj-1=u0Rj为第j个导体的电阻;Lj,j为第j个导体的自感;Mj,i为第j个导体和第i个导体的互感;ij为第j个导体的电流;ij+1为第j+1个导体的电流;Cj,0为第j个导体的对地分布电容;Cj,i为第j个导体和第i个导体间的分布电容。
由式(1)和式(2)可得(3)~(4)。
Y(dUdt)=I
Z(dIdt)=UZ
其中,YIUUZ分别如式(5)~(8)所示。
C1,0+i=1ij2nC1,i-C1,2-C1,i-C1,2n-C2,1C2,0+i=1ij2nC2,i-C2,i-C2,2n-Cj,1-Cj,2Cj,0+i=1ij2nCj,i-Cj,2n-Cj+1,i-C2n,1-C2n,2-C2n,1C2n,0+i=1ij2nC2n,i
I=i1iji2n
U=u1uju2n
UZ=u1-R1i1uj-Rjiju2n-R2ni2n
式(3)~(8)中:Y为分布电容矩阵;Z为绕组电感矩阵;I为电流矩阵;U为电压矩阵;UZ为阻抗电压矩阵。
高频等效电路中的分布电容通过静电场有限元方法分析求解,分布电容和交流电阻参数见表2。特定频率下的交流电阻通过瞬态电磁场有限元方法分析求解。
计算电感参数时,通过场路耦合有限元方法将高频电路与瞬态电磁场有限元模型进行耦合。有限元模型中,需要考虑铁心饱和非线性对电感参数的影响,本文在计算过程中的B-H曲线基于宝钢的B20AT1500型硅钢片得到。
模型电机绕组60支线圈连线方式如图3所示,图3中Coilx代表第x支线圈,每一支线圈的高频等效电路按图3进行连接搭建,其中x和铁心槽号排列位置一致。
本文选择YGZN2Q281A2型SiC MOSFET功率器件作为牵引模型电机专用变频器,其母线电压为3 600 V,开关频率为800 Hz,dv/dt为3.6 kV/μs,逆变器拓扑输出采用2/3接地方式,逆变器输出尖峰对地电压为2 880 V,上升时间为0.8 μs,三电平供电。
单相开关脉冲即在U/V/W三相中的某一相仿真模拟输入逆变器一次动作下进行电压应力激励。以U相电机绕组进行仿真,模拟输入逆变器开关动作一次输出的脉冲电压,在开关脉冲动作下,U/V/W三相绕组中对地最大电压应力及其对应线圈位置分布如图4所示,匝间最大电压应力及其对应匝间位置分布如图5所示。
图4可知,针对绕组Y型接法下的绕组对地最大电压应力而言,在单相脉冲开关作用下,脉冲作用相(U相)的绕组对地最大电压应力在本相靠近中性点的绕组上,其余两相均在距中性点最远的绕组上,即逆变器输出侧的首支绕组上,且其余两相的对地最大电压应力较脉冲作用相的绕组对地最大电压应力高,并对称分布。由图5可知,针对绕组Y型接法下的绕组匝间最大电压应力而言,在单相脉冲开关作用下,脉冲作用相(U相)的最大匝间电压出现在逆变器输出侧首支绕组的第1~2匝间,其余两相最大匝间电压出现在靠近中性点的绕组的第1~2匝间,且脉冲作用相的最大匝间电压是其余两项的3倍左右。
在逆变器三桥臂依次开关动作一次脉冲作用下,U/V/W三相绕组的对地最大电压应力波形及其对应线圈位置如图6所示,匝间最大电压应力波形及其对应线圈位置如图7所示。
图6可知,在逆变器三桥臂依次开关动作一次脉冲作用下,U/V/W三相绕组对地最大电压应力都出现在第3个桥臂脉冲沿到来之时,这是由三相脉冲反电压应力的叠加所致;三相绕组对地最大电压应力均位于与逆变器输出相连的一极绕组的最后一支线圈处,且UU>UV>UW。由图7可知,在逆变器三桥臂依次开关动作一次脉冲作用下,U/V/W三相绕组匝间最大电压应力依次出现在第一、二、三桥臂脉冲沿动作时,均位于与逆变器输出相连一极绕组的第一支线圈的第1~2匝间,且UU>UV>UW,这是由开关动作时较高的dv/dt与较大的首匝线圈对地电容所致。
为了验证高频等效电路绕组电压应力计算模型的正确性,对模型电机每相每级的末支线圈对地电压应力进行了测试,采用图3的连线方式。波形采集设备采用MR6000型波形记录仪,采样频率为50 MHz,测试过程中逆变器、电机机壳和测试设备需共地,产生的高压脉冲电压作为输入电源。电压应力测试平台如图8所示。
本文将试验测得的线圈对地最大电压应力值与仿真计算结果进行了对比,如图9所示。由图9可知,仿真和测试结果总体上吻合良好,两者的绕组最大电压应力均出现在与逆变器输出相连的一极绕组的最后一支线圈处。以模型样机为例,5、10、15槽和35、40、45槽是电压应力较大位置,其中仿真和试验结果最大误差在第10槽,该槽对地最大电压应力仿真值为3 475.8 V,试验值为3 668.3 V,相对误差为5.2%,整体对比结果证明了模型的可靠性。
逆变器输出受开关频率、dv/dt和接地方式的影响[23-25]。为了进一步研究逆变器关键参数对电机绕组电压分布的影响,以逆变器三桥臂依次开关动作一次脉冲进行绕组电压应力的研究。
开关频率主要影响电机损耗和电感[16]。高频加剧绕组导体集肤效应,导致铜耗较大,本文主要考虑开关频率影响下的铜耗对绕组电压应力分布的影响,如频率增大,磁场在铁心中的透入深度减小,导体周围磁场分布的改变会影响电感[25]。针对模型电机,开关频率对导体交流电阻和绕组每匝电感的影响趋势如图10所示。
根据图10将不同的开关频率和频率所对应的电感、交流电阻加载到负载电路,可得对地最大电压应力随开关频率的变化趋势如图11所示,最大匝间电压应力随开关频率的变化趋势如图12所示。
图11图12可知,在逆变器的dv/dt、接地方式和电平数不变的情况下,开关频率由1 kHz增加到20 kHz时,三相绕组对地电压应力最大值和绕组匝间电压应力最大值基本没有变化。随着开关频率的增加,对地和匝间绕组电压应力波形的振荡收敛程度发生了明显变化,当开关频率增大至20 kHz时,逆变器三个桥臂依次动作带来的三相脉冲上升沿冲击振荡的波形特性已经不那么明显,这是因为随着开关频率的增加,负载等效高频RLC混联电路中的导体交流电阻和电感的变化引起了阻抗的变化。
目前牵引电机使用的逆变器dv/dt最高可达15 kV/μs。研究dv/dt为2.0~15.0 kV/μs时对电机绕组对地电压应力和匝间电压应力的影响,分别如图13图14所示。由图13图14可知,在逆变器的开关频率、接地方式和电平数不变的情况下,dv/dt为2.0~15.0 kV/μs时,三相绕组对地电压应力最大值和波形趋势变化不明显;但dv/dt的增加会使匝间电压应力发生明显的变化,当dv/dt为15.0 kV/μs时,匝间电压最大值相比dv/dt为2.0 kV/μs时的匝间电压最大值提升了3.2倍。
在直流母线确定时,逆变器不同的接地方式会直接决定逆变器的相对地输出电压[25],而电机绕组主绝缘的相对地电压直接决定绕组主绝缘的结构设计。选取合理的主绝缘结构,不仅可以节约成本,更有助于绕组散热,降低电机的温升,增加绝缘结构的热老化寿命。研究选取逆变器常见的4种接地方式:浮地(不接地)、3/4接地、2/3接地和1/2接地。4种接地方式下的绕组对地最大电压应力和匝间最大电压应力波形图分别如图15图16所示。
图15图16可知,在逆变器的开关频率、dv/dt和电平数不变的情况下,不同接地方式下的绕组对地最大电压应力都是出现在第3个桥臂脉冲沿到来之时;匝间最大电压应力都是出现在逆变器三桥臂依次开关动作一次脉冲作用下,其值不随逆变器接地方式的不同而改变。不同的接地方式对绕组对地电压应力的影响明显,采用浮地系统时绕组对地电压应力最大,可达5 741.8 V,采用1/2接地系统时绕组对地电压应力最小,为2 907.7 V,相较于浮地系统减少了49.4%。
本文提出的牵引电机绕组高频分布参数等效电路模型可准确地评估绕组最大电压应力数值及其所在位置。研究分析可得到以下结论:
(1)单相脉冲作用下,绕组的对地最大电压应力出现在另外两相的接近逆变器绕组处,且另外两相近似呈对称分布;三相脉冲作用下,三相绕组对地最大电压应力均出现在第3个桥臂脉冲沿到来之时,位置均在本相的中间位置绕组处。针对匝间电压应力,不论何种脉冲,最大应力均出现在本相首匝位置。
(2)开关频率基本不会影响绕组对地电压应力和匝间电压应力最大值,但会影响绕组高频等效电路的振荡和收敛程度。
(3)dv/dt对绕组对地电压应力最大值影响不明显,但是会严重影响绕组匝间电压应力分布,匝间电压应力最大值和振荡收敛均发生变化,其中当dv/dt由2.0 kV/μs增加到15.0 kV/μs时,匝间电压应力最大值会提升3倍左右,因此必须考虑匝间绝缘补强,而dv/dt为10.0~15.0 kV/μs时,匝间电压应力最大值增长减缓。
(4)不同的接地方式会直接决定绕组对地电压分布,即绕组主绝缘结构设计;采用1/2接地系统的绕组对地电压应力较其他接地方式最优;在其他参数不变的情况下,接地方式不会改变匝间电压分布。

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2026年第59卷第5期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.05.008
  • 接收时间:2025-07-30
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-30
  • 修回日期:2025-11-06
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    中车永济电机有限公司 轨道交通牵引电机山西省重点实验室,山西 永济 044502
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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