Article(id=1304921728082268463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921635748864029, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753372800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-25, revisedDate=1758902400000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047184247, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1784476800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047184247, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047184247, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047184247, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304921635748864029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784476800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047162234, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789117876219, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305218231761920521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921635748864029, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305218231761920522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921635748864029, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=113, endPage=119, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304921728640110896, articleId=1304921728082268463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Study on influence of metallic particles on breakdown characteristics of dry air gaps based on time-volume theory, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Dry air is widely used as an alternative to SF₆ gas in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). However, metallic particle contamination is a key issue that restricts the development of high-voltage GIS. In this paper, a model for predicting the cumulative breakdown probability of high-voltage air gaps was established on the basis of time-volume theory, and the influence of metallic particles on the breakdown characteristics of high-voltage dry air gaps at high voltage levels was studied. The results show that metallic particles located near the electrodes are more likely to cause gap breakdown, and those near the high-voltage electrode are more likely to cause breakdown than those near the grounded electrode. Meanwhile, particles with sharp protrusions are more likely to cause gap breakdown than round particles. Therefore, in the design of gas-insulated equipment, particle traps or barriers should be used to keep metallic particles away from the electrodes, and the occurrence of particles with sharp protrusions should be avoided as much as possible.

, authors=Tiezhu Dong1, Xiong Li1, Juan Li2, Zhengfeng Du3, Guohe Yao1, Yangzhi Wang4, authorsList=Tiezhu Dong, Xiong Li, Juan Li, Zhengfeng Du, Guohe Yao, Yangzhi Wang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304921738584805700, articleId=1304921728082268463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=基于时间-体积理论的金属微粒对干燥空气间隙击穿特性影响研究, columnId=1192878364483531003, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=测试与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

干燥空气作为SF6气体的替代气体被广泛应用于气体绝缘组合电器。而金属微粒污染是限制高电压等级气体绝缘组合电器发展的关键问题。本文基于时间-体积理论建立了预测高压空气间隙累计击穿概率的模型,并在该模型的基础上研究了高电压等级下金属微粒对高压干燥空气间隙击穿特性的影响。结果表明:靠近电极的金属微粒更容易引起间隙击穿,且靠近高压电极比靠近接地电极更易引起击穿。同时,具有尖锐突起的微粒比圆形微粒更易引起间隙击穿。因此,在气体绝缘设备的设计中应当使用微粒捕捉器或者挡板使金属微粒远离电极,且需尽量避免具有尖锐突起的微粒出现。

, authors=董铁柱1, 李雄1, 李涓2, 杜正锋3, 姚国河1, 王扬志4, authorsList=董铁柱, 李雄, 李涓, 杜正锋, 姚国河, 王扬志, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

董铁柱(1973-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,正高级工程师,主要从事输电线路及高电压绝缘方面的研究。

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董铁柱(1973-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,正高级工程师,主要从事输电线路及高电压绝缘方面的研究。

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董铁柱(1973-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,正高级工程师,主要从事输电线路及高电压绝缘方面的研究。

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(a) 圆形微粒 (b) 正方形微粒

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基于时间-体积理论的金属微粒对干燥空气间隙击穿特性影响研究
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董铁柱 1 , 李雄 1 , 李涓 2 , 杜正锋 3 , 姚国河 1 , 王扬志 4
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2026,59(7): 113-119
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绝缘材料 |测试与分析 2026 , 59 (7) : 113 -119
基于时间-体积理论的金属微粒对干燥空气间隙击穿特性影响研究
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董铁柱(1973-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,正高级工程师,主要从事输电线路及高电压绝缘方面的研究。

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董铁柱(1973-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,正高级工程师,主要从事输电线路及高电压绝缘方面的研究。

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董铁柱1, 李雄1, 李涓2, 杜正锋3, 姚国河1, 王扬志4
作者信息
  • 1中国电建集团青海省电力设计院有限公司,青海 西宁 810000
  • 2青海送变电工程有限公司,青海 西宁 810000
  • 3国网青海省电力公司海西供电公司,青海 海西 816000
  • 4聊城大学,山东 聊城 252000
作者简介:

董铁柱(1973-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,正高级工程师,主要从事输电线路及高电压绝缘方面的研究。

Study on influence of metallic particles on breakdown characteristics of dry air gaps based on time-volume theory
Tiezhu Dong1, Xiong Li1, Juan Li2, Zhengfeng Du3, Guohe Yao1, Yangzhi Wang4
Affiliations
  • 1PowerChina Qinghai Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd., Xining 810000, China
  • 2Qinghai Power Transmission and Transformation Engineering Co., Ltd., Xining 810000, China
  • 3State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company Haixi Power Supply Company, Xining 816000, China
  • 4Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
出版时间: 2026-07-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.013
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干燥空气作为SF6气体的替代气体被广泛应用于气体绝缘组合电器。而金属微粒污染是限制高电压等级气体绝缘组合电器发展的关键问题。本文基于时间-体积理论建立了预测高压空气间隙累计击穿概率的模型,并在该模型的基础上研究了高电压等级下金属微粒对高压干燥空气间隙击穿特性的影响。结果表明:靠近电极的金属微粒更容易引起间隙击穿,且靠近高压电极比靠近接地电极更易引起击穿。同时,具有尖锐突起的微粒比圆形微粒更易引起间隙击穿。因此,在气体绝缘设备的设计中应当使用微粒捕捉器或者挡板使金属微粒远离电极,且需尽量避免具有尖锐突起的微粒出现。

时间-体积理论  /  干燥空气绝缘性能  /  金属微粒  /  气体绝缘组合电器

Dry air is widely used as an alternative to SF₆ gas in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). However, metallic particle contamination is a key issue that restricts the development of high-voltage GIS. In this paper, a model for predicting the cumulative breakdown probability of high-voltage air gaps was established on the basis of time-volume theory, and the influence of metallic particles on the breakdown characteristics of high-voltage dry air gaps at high voltage levels was studied. The results show that metallic particles located near the electrodes are more likely to cause gap breakdown, and those near the high-voltage electrode are more likely to cause breakdown than those near the grounded electrode. Meanwhile, particles with sharp protrusions are more likely to cause gap breakdown than round particles. Therefore, in the design of gas-insulated equipment, particle traps or barriers should be used to keep metallic particles away from the electrodes, and the occurrence of particles with sharp protrusions should be avoided as much as possible.

time-volume theory  /  dry air insulation performance  /  metallic particles  /  gas-insulated switchgear
董铁柱, 李雄, 李涓, 杜正锋, 姚国河, 王扬志. 基于时间-体积理论的金属微粒对干燥空气间隙击穿特性影响研究. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (7) : 113 -119 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.013
Tiezhu Dong, Xiong Li, Juan Li, Zhengfeng Du, Guohe Yao, Yangzhi Wang. Study on influence of metallic particles on breakdown characteristics of dry air gaps based on time-volume theory[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (7) : 113 -119 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.013
SF6气体因具有优异的绝缘性能而被用作绝缘介质广泛应用于气体绝缘组合电器(GIS)和气体绝缘输电线路(GIL)中。然而,SF6的全球变暖潜力值(global warming potential,GWP)高,已被《京都协议书》列为六大限制使用的气体之一[1]。因此,寻找SF6的替代气体是近年来的研究热点。干燥空气和新型含氟气体如氟甲腈和氟化酮作为替代气体已受到关注[2]。在这些气体中,干燥空气并不具有温室效应,不会对臭氧层造成破坏且容易获取。因此,干燥空气总体上是一种可持续、环境友好的替代气体。
研究人员在20世纪已经针对高气压下空气间隙的击穿特性展开研究[3]。J H Lee等[4]测试了0.1~0.9 MPa下空气与SF6的绝缘性能,发现随着气压的增加,SF6与空气的间隙击穿电压线性增加,且同等气压下,干燥空气的间隙击穿电压为SF6的1/3。由以上研究可知相同气压下空气的绝缘性能不如SF6的绝缘性能,因此在实际工程应用中,利用干燥空气替代SF6需要较高的气压来保证其绝缘性能。
在气体绝缘设备中,金属微粒污染是限制高电压等级设备发展的关键问题。金属微粒在电极间往复运动时可能引起气体间隙击穿[5-6]。一方面,金属微粒的位置对于气体间隙的击穿特性具有显著影响。当微粒靠近金属电极时,往往更容易发生间隙击穿[7-8],且与固定在电极表面的微粒相比,自由金属微粒更易引起气体间隙击穿[9]。另一方面,金属微粒的形状对间隙击穿特性也具有重要影响:圆形微粒在击穿时先在电极一侧形成导电通道,然后再在另一侧发生击穿;线性微粒的击穿则具有随机性[10]
为了研究高电压等级气体绝缘设备中金属微粒对干燥空气击穿特性的影响,需要对干燥空气的击穿电压进行预测,从而优化绝缘设计,保证绝缘长期可靠性。早期的静电预测模型存在局限性,如汤森放电理论和流注理论大多将击穿视为一个仅由电场强度决定的阈值问题,忽略了时间和有效体积等重要因素。在实际工程中,特别是面临雷电冲击等瞬态过电压和极不均匀电场时,击穿电压表现出显著的时间延迟效应和体积效应。因此,体积-时间理论是一种评估GIS内部间隙击穿电压的可靠方法[11]。H Kojima等[12]使用体积-时间理论计算了在标准雷电冲击电压下GIS垫片的理论放电起始电压。N Hayakawa等[13]采用体积-时间理论研究了在高场强和快前沿的浪涌电压作用下局部放电初始电子的生成概率,发现估算的放电起始电压与测量值非常接近。目前,尚未有关于金属微粒对高压空气击穿特性的研究,且针对悬浮微粒对间隙击穿特性的实验难以进行。
本文基于时间-体积理论,系统研究不同位置与形状的金属微粒对干燥高压空气间隙击穿特性的影响规律,并建立精准的预测模型,以期为存在微粒污染的GIS绝缘设计提供参考,从而有效提升其绝缘裕度和运行可靠性。
在研究间隙击穿特性时,传统的流注放电起始电压的计算如式(1)所示[14]
Xα(α-η)dx=k
式(1)中:α为气体的电离系数;η为附着系数;Xcr为临界雪崩长度。该式表明当气体间隙中的电子崩沿着电场方向漂移时,该电子崩包含的电子数超过一定值后放电会转化为流注放电,该阈值为临界雪崩数量,设为ek(e为自然对数底数),其值约为108,因此本文中取k为18[15]
时间-体积理论基于概率积分理论来描述气体间隙在电压作用下的击穿过程,该理论认为气体间隙的累计击穿概率取决于有效区域内初始电子的产生率及其发展成流注放电的概率,累计击穿概率数学模型如式(2)所示[11]
P=1-exp-0tVcrdnedt1-ηαdVdt
式(2)中:P是时间t内发生击穿的概率;dnedt是单位时间内由负离子脱附生成的电子数量;(1-η/α)代表电子崩形成的概率,其考虑了电子脱附后又重新附着的概率;Vcr为临界体积,在该体积内电场强度E>临界击穿场强Ecr,且在电子崩达到E<Ecr的区域之前能发展成为流注,即满足式(1)的条件且α>η
式(2)中在单位体积和时间内从负离子上脱附的预期电子数量dnedt可由式(3)计算。
dnedt=kdn-
式(3)中:kd为电子脱附系数;n-为负离子密度。
空气中电子附着形成负离子以及脱附生成电子的主要过程如式(4)~(9)所示[16]
e+O2O-+O
e+O2+MO2-+M
O2-+O2e+O2+O2
O-+O2O2-+O
O-+N2N2O+e
O-+O2+MO3-+M
式(4)~(9)中,M代表O2或N2
在约化场强为100 TdTd表示约化电场强度,1 Td=10-21 V·m2)以上时,主要的电子附着反应为式(4)与式(5)。式(6)所示的与O2-的电子分离反应是空气中电子脱附的主要反应。电子脱附的平均时间γ计算式如式(10)所示[17]
γ=1.17×10-4exp2.91×107E
在0.1 MPa压力下空气中的O2-的粒子数密度为2 cm-3[11],而负离子密度n-与压力p的平方成正比,如式(11)所示[18]
n-=2p0.12
综上,可基于时间-体积理论计算空气间隙的累计击穿概率。
为探究金属微粒对空气间隙累计击穿概率的影响,本研究基于时间-体积理论在COMSOL Multiphysics软件中建立考虑电场、电极表面粗糙度、微粒形状与位置以及气压大小的平板电极间隙累计击穿概率预测模型。
平板电极结构如图1所示,为保证电场均匀性,设置电极上、下内表面间距为1 cm,其上表面为高压电极,下表面为接地电极,气压设置为0.6 MPa。
根据电位分布φ可计算得到气体中的电场分布,如式(12)所示。
E=-φ
高压电极与接地电极的电位满足狄利克雷边界条件,如式(13)~(15)所示。
φHV=U
φGND=0
φp=C
式(13)~(15)中:φHV是高压电极上的电势;U是施加在高压电极上的电压,由于在实际工况中雷电冲击电压下的间隙最易击穿,本文在高压电极上施加标准全波雷电冲击电压(1.2/50 μs);φGND是接地电极上的电势;φP是间隙中的微粒电位,设置为悬浮电位C
基于电场理论,气-固界面处电位连续,如式(16)~(17)所示。
φe=φg
φp=φg
式(16)~(17)中:φe为电极上气-固边界的电势;φg为气体域中气-固边界的电势;φp为金属微粒上气-固边界的电势。
本文在均匀电场中研究微粒对间隙击穿的影响,因此可基于式(18)~(19)计算电极的电场均匀度。
f=EmaxEa
Ea=Ud
式(18)~(19)中:f为电场的均匀度;Emax表示场强最大值;Ea为间隙平均场强,可基于总电压U与间隙距离d计算。
对正极施加1 kV直流电压时,计算得到f=1.08<2,电场为准均匀场。
在实际情况下,电极表面是粗糙的,其表面具有许多的微型突起,在这些微型突起的表面电场强度会发生严重畸变从而影响间隙的击穿电压[19]。一般情况下,微型突起尖端的电场强度是电极表面宏观平均电场强度的数倍,二者的比值为电场增强因子β,其计算式如式(20)所示。
β=EapexEave
式(20)中:Eapex是微型突起尖端的局部场强;Eave是电极表面的宏观平均场强。
根据不同的表面形貌,可以通过式(21)计算电场增强因子[20]
β=0.5hr+5
式(21)中,hr分别为表面凸起的高度和尖端半径。典型的凸起结构可视作顶端为球形的圆锥,其截面如图2所示。
实验用平板电极的粗糙度为3 μm,取凸起的高度h为3 μm,半径r为1 μm,则电场增强因子为6.5。在考虑粗糙度后,电极表面的局部场强增大时会发射电子,其过程可用Fowler-Nordheim方程描述,如式(22)~(25)所示[21]
JF-N=AβEave2exp-6.83×109ν(y)φ15βEave
A=1.54×10-6φ
y=3.795×10-5βEave0.5φ-1
v(y)=0.956-1.062y2
式(22)~(25)中:JF-N是电子发射流的电流密度;Eave是电极表面的宏观平均场强;ν(y)表示镜像力修正函数。
基于上述内容,式(2)可扩展为式(26)[22]
P=1-exp-0tVcrdnedt1-ηαdV+scr'JF-NedSdt
式(26)中:Scr'为有效临界面积;Vcr为临界电压。扩展部分的物理意义如下:定义临界面积Scr为通过Vcr的电场线离开电极表面的区域,而在实际情况下,电子仅从微型突起尖端的电场增强区域发射到气体域中,假设在突起尖端半球形区域(半径为1 μm)的电场被增强,用有效临界面积Scr'代替Scr。通过在有效临界面积Scr'上进行积分计算,可以确定在单位时间内发展成电子崩的表面发射电子数量。
本文搭建如图3所示的雷电冲击试验回路。电路部分包含900 kV雷电冲击电压发生器、300 pF电容分压器(分压比为2 700∶1)、充气压力为0~1 MPa的试验罐体、数字示波器以及试验操作台。试验罐体包含2个观察窗、1个手窗以及1个进气口,其中绝缘子固定在试样与电极之间,采用弹簧压紧以保证电极与绝缘子紧密接触。高压通过220 kV瓷套管引入实验罐体。采用的试样为圆柱环氧树脂,直径为10 mm,高度为10 mm。
试验电极采用罗戈夫斯基电极,材质为铝合金,直径为86 mm。电极中心60 mm直径范围内的电场不均匀系数接近1,为标准的强切向均匀电场。在上导杆处埋入一个弹簧,使得罗戈夫斯基电极与绝缘子的上、下表面贴紧,避免由于接触不当导致楔形气隙的产生。下导杆为一个竖直高度可调的位移机构,可以精确调节罗氏电极的间隙距离,调节精度为0.1 mm。
雷电冲击电压发生器可以发射正极性与负极性雷电冲击电压。使用数字示波器(Tektronix MDO3012型)记录和储存电压波形,带宽和采样频率分别为100 MHz和2.5 GHz。
在建立模型后,本文对比了空气间隙的仿真计算与实验测得的累计击穿概率。图4(a)和(b)分别为对平板电极施加正、负极性雷电冲击电压时,累计击穿概率分布实验结果与预测结果的比较。从图4可以看出,正、负极性下,预测结果与实验结果吻合良好。在负极性下,考虑阴极场发射效应,能很好地预测高气压下的击穿结果,随着气压升高,击穿电压呈现饱和趋势。因此,本文建立的模型基本能准确预测平板间隙的累计击穿概率。
基于所建立的累计击穿概率预测模型,探究金属微粒对空气间隙击穿特性的影响。
图5是正方形微粒分别距离高压电极表面0.10、0.25、0.55、0.90 cm时的累计击穿概率图。
图5可以看出,随着电压的增加,累计击穿概率首先缓慢增加;随着电压的持续增大,累计击穿概率迅速增加;而当电压值过大时累计击穿概率为100%。无微粒时累计击穿概率最低。在有微粒的情况下,当微粒距离高压电极0.10 cm时,累计击穿概率最高;而当微粒位置处于空气间隙中间(距高压电极0.55 cm)时,累计击穿概率最小。从以上结果可以看出,微粒的位置对累计击穿概率的影响较为显著,无论微粒接近哪一个电极,累计击穿概率都会增大,而接近高压电极比接近接地电极更容易导致击穿。
图6是微粒处于上述距离时平板电极的电场分布仿真结果。底部电极为高压电极,顶部电极为接地电极。从图6可以看出,在微粒距离电极较近时,由于微粒引起局部电场畸变,电极附近的电场不均匀性增加,从而导致电极附近的局部场强增大,由式(20)可知,这会导致电子发射增强从而致使累计击穿概率变大。其中当微粒接近高压电极时,微粒表面由于电场畸变而发生电子的场发射,从而促进电子崩的形成,并进一步使气体分子发生电离;同时,金属微粒靠近电极时由于微粒表面的电场发生严重畸变,其靠近电极一侧的气体更易发生电晕,从而产生大量带电粒子,促进放电通道生成,致使微粒靠近电极一侧的气体更易发生击穿,最终导致气体间隙的击穿。这两个原因使得金属微粒在靠近电极时的间隙累计击穿概率较大。而当微粒距离两电极较远时,其对电极表面电场的畸变作用减弱,微粒远离两电极时的累计击穿概率与无微粒时的累计击穿概率相差不大。
图7是正方形微粒(边长为0.10 cm)与圆形微粒(直径为0.10 cm)在距高压电极表面相同距离下的累计击穿概率图。从图7可以看出,随着雷电波峰值的增加,累计击穿概率逐渐增大,但正方形微粒的累计击穿概率整体大于圆形微粒的累计击穿概率。
图8是两种微粒在距离接地电极0.10 mm时板-板电极的电场分布。
图8可以看出,当微粒形状为正方形时,其棱角处的电场畸变较大,容易引起局部电晕并向气体间隙提供带电粒子,使气体间隙更容易发生击穿。而微粒为圆形时,电场虽然有畸变但是畸变程度与范围都小于正方形微粒时的情况,从而导致圆形微粒的累计击穿概率小于正方形微粒的累计击穿概率。
基于以上研究可知,微粒形状也对间隙击穿特性具有显著影响,具有尖锐突起结构的微粒相比圆形微粒更易引起空气间隙的击穿。未来可以将GIS的实际不均匀电场分布引入模型框架中,并且考虑微粒的尺寸对击穿电压的影响,模拟微粒在电场力作用下的运动轨迹,动态考虑其所处位置和对应的击穿风险。
本文基于时间-体积理论建立了高压空气下平板电极的气体间隙击穿电压预测模型,研究了金属微粒位置与形状对高压干燥空气间隙击穿特性的影响,并基于仿真研究揭示了金属微粒对间隙击穿特性的影响规律与机制,主要结论如下:
(1)金属微粒的位置对空气间隙的击穿特性具有显著影响。当金属微粒靠近电极时由于微粒表面的电场发生严重畸变,其靠近电极一侧的气体更易发生电晕,从而产生大量带电粒子,促进放电通道的生成,致使微粒靠近电极一侧的气体更易发生击穿,最终导致气体间隙的击穿。因此,在设备设计中应当使用微粒捕捉器或者挡板使金属微粒远离电极。
(2)金属微粒的形状对空气间隙的击穿具有重要影响。球形微粒由于其表面较为平整,对电场的畸变作用较弱,与方形微粒相比难以产生电晕。而与方形微粒类似的具有尖锐突起的微粒则更容易引发电晕从而引起气体间隙击穿。

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2026年第59卷第7期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.013
  • 接收时间:2025-07-25
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-25
  • 修回日期:2025-09-27
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    1中国电建集团青海省电力设计院有限公司,青海 西宁 810000
    2青海送变电工程有限公司,青海 西宁 810000
    3国网青海省电力公司海西供电公司,青海 海西 816000
    4聊城大学,山东 聊城 252000
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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