Article(id=1304921702379582335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921635748864029, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755360000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-17, revisedDate=1759852800000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047178120, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1784476800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047178120, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047178120, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047178120, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304921635748864029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784476800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047162234, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789117876219, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305218231761920521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921635748864029, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305218231761920522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921635748864029, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=104, endPage=112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304921702597686144, articleId=1304921702379582335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Metal particle trap suppression in DC GIL, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Metal particles are easily generated during the installation and operation of DC gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL). Under electrodynamic forces, the particles may contact with insulators, causing electric field distortion on the insulator surface, partial discharge, or even insulation breakdown, which seriously threatens the safe operation of GIL equipment. Based on a coupled electric field-flow field mathematical model for DC GIL, combined with the motion trajectories of metal particles inside the DC GIL, the feasibility of an lifting type particle trap as a particle movement suppression scheme was investigated. The results show that after installation of particle trap, the jumping motion of most particles is suppressed. The electric field strength in the bottom area of the trap is significantly reduced, but the degree of electric field distortion increases at the top area of trap, and insulator and high-voltage conductor, indicating that a balance between the electric field shielding range and distortion risk must be considered when designing trap parameters. By optimizing trap parameters such as lifting height, grid width, baffle width, and distribution angle, the low-field-strength coverage area can be expanded, which enhances the electric field shielding effect and particle movement suppression capability of the trap, and reduces the proportion of escaped particles.

, authors=Yuanlong Wei1, Baina He1, *, Yunwei Zhao2, Yanchen Dong3, Chenxu Liu1, Lei Gao1, authorsList=Yuanlong Wei, Baina He, Yunwei Zhao, Yanchen Dong, Chenxu Liu, Lei Gao, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Baina He, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304921705420452769, articleId=1304921702379582335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=直流GIL金属微粒陷阱抑制, columnId=1190369198724452531, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=绝缘技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在直流气体绝缘输电线路(GIL)安装及运行过程中容易产生金属微粒,这些微粒在电动力作用下有可能接触到绝缘子,引发绝缘子表面电场畸变、局部放电甚至绝缘击穿,严重威胁GIL设备安全运行。本文基于直流GIL电场-流场耦合数学计算模型,结合直流GIL内部金属微粒运动轨迹,研究上提式微粒陷阱作为微粒运动抑制方案的可行性。结果表明:加装微粒陷阱后,大多数微粒的起跳运动受到抑制;陷阱底部区域的电场强度明显降低,但陷阱顶部区域以及绝缘子、高压导杆等部位的电场畸变程度有所增大,设计陷阱参数时需平衡电场屏蔽范围与畸变风险;通过优化陷阱的提升高度、栅格宽度、挡板宽度及分布角度等参数,可以扩大低场强覆盖区域,增强陷阱的电场屏蔽效果与提高微粒运动抑制能力,降低逸出微粒的比例。

, authors=尉元龙1, 何柏娜1, *, 赵云伟2, 董彦辰3, 刘晨旭1, 高磊1, authorsList=尉元龙, 何柏娜, 赵云伟, 董彦辰, 刘晨旭, 高磊, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=何柏娜, authorNote=

尉元龙(2000-),男(汉族),山东济南人,硕士生,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究

, correspAuthorsNote=
何柏娜(1977-),女(汉族),辽宁灯塔人,副教授,主要从事电力系统仿真及高电压绝缘技术的研究。
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尉元龙(2000-),男(汉族),山东济南人,硕士生,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究

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尉元龙(2000-),男(汉族),山东济南人,硕士生,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究

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figureFileBig=PJ+ORgX3pQfnWqjQMTEkgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921710369731572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921702379582335, language=CN, label=图16, caption=陷阱长度对微粒运动的影响, figureFileSmall=TD6QuC4VMd01u2RWibI8CA==, figureFileBig=PJ+ORgX3pQfnWqjQMTEkgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921710449423349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921702379582335, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Capture rate of traps with different parameters at different moments

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时刻陷阱1(l2=5 mm,l3=5 mm)陷阱2(l2=10 mm,l3=5 mm)陷阱3(l2=15 mm,l3=5 mm)陷阱4(l2=10 mm,l3=10 mm)
t=0.05 s100%100%100%94.1%
t=0.10 s100%100%94.1%76.5%
t=0.15 s100%94.1%82.4%70.1%
t=0.20 s100%94.1%82.4%58.8%
t=0.25 s100%82.4%82.4%47.1%
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不同参数陷阱在各时刻的捕获率

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时刻陷阱1(l2=5 mm,l3=5 mm)陷阱2(l2=10 mm,l3=5 mm)陷阱3(l2=15 mm,l3=5 mm)陷阱4(l2=10 mm,l3=10 mm)
t=0.05 s100%100%100%94.1%
t=0.10 s100%100%94.1%76.5%
t=0.15 s100%94.1%82.4%70.1%
t=0.20 s100%94.1%82.4%58.8%
t=0.25 s100%82.4%82.4%47.1%
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Parameters of lifting particle trap

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提升高度h/mm厚度d/mm角度θ/(°)总长度l1/mm栅格宽度l2/mm挡板宽度l3/mm
10512050055
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上提式微粒陷阱参数

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提升高度h/mm厚度d/mm角度θ/(°)总长度l1/mm栅格宽度l2/mm挡板宽度l3/mm
10512050055
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直流GIL金属微粒陷阱抑制
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尉元龙 1 , 何柏娜 1, * , 赵云伟 2 , 董彦辰 3 , 刘晨旭 1 , 高磊 1
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2026,59(7): 104-112
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绝缘材料 |绝缘技术 2026 , 59 (7) : 104 -112
直流GIL金属微粒陷阱抑制
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尉元龙(2000-),男(汉族),山东济南人,硕士生,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究

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尉元龙1, 何柏娜1, *, 赵云伟2, 董彦辰3, 刘晨旭1, 高磊1
作者信息
  • 1山东理工大学 电气与电子工程学院,山东 淄博 255000
  • 2山东工业职业学院 电气工程学院,山东 淄博 255000
  • 3国网山东省电力公司淄博供电公司,山东 淄博 255000
通讯作者:
何柏娜(1977-),女(汉族),辽宁灯塔人,副教授,主要从事电力系统仿真及高电压绝缘技术的研究。
作者简介:

尉元龙(2000-),男(汉族),山东济南人,硕士生,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究

Metal particle trap suppression in DC GIL
Yuanlong Wei1, Baina He1, *, Yunwei Zhao2, Yanchen Dong3, Chenxu Liu1, Lei Gao1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
  • 2Department of Electric Engineering, Shandong Industry Vocational College, Zibo 255000, China
  • 3Zibo Power Supply Company of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China
出版时间: 2026-07-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.012
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在直流气体绝缘输电线路(GIL)安装及运行过程中容易产生金属微粒,这些微粒在电动力作用下有可能接触到绝缘子,引发绝缘子表面电场畸变、局部放电甚至绝缘击穿,严重威胁GIL设备安全运行。本文基于直流GIL电场-流场耦合数学计算模型,结合直流GIL内部金属微粒运动轨迹,研究上提式微粒陷阱作为微粒运动抑制方案的可行性。结果表明:加装微粒陷阱后,大多数微粒的起跳运动受到抑制;陷阱底部区域的电场强度明显降低,但陷阱顶部区域以及绝缘子、高压导杆等部位的电场畸变程度有所增大,设计陷阱参数时需平衡电场屏蔽范围与畸变风险;通过优化陷阱的提升高度、栅格宽度、挡板宽度及分布角度等参数,可以扩大低场强覆盖区域,增强陷阱的电场屏蔽效果与提高微粒运动抑制能力,降低逸出微粒的比例。

气体绝缘输电线路  /  金属微粒  /  绝缘子  /  电场畸变  /  微粒运动抑制  /  上提式微粒陷阱

Metal particles are easily generated during the installation and operation of DC gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL). Under electrodynamic forces, the particles may contact with insulators, causing electric field distortion on the insulator surface, partial discharge, or even insulation breakdown, which seriously threatens the safe operation of GIL equipment. Based on a coupled electric field-flow field mathematical model for DC GIL, combined with the motion trajectories of metal particles inside the DC GIL, the feasibility of an lifting type particle trap as a particle movement suppression scheme was investigated. The results show that after installation of particle trap, the jumping motion of most particles is suppressed. The electric field strength in the bottom area of the trap is significantly reduced, but the degree of electric field distortion increases at the top area of trap, and insulator and high-voltage conductor, indicating that a balance between the electric field shielding range and distortion risk must be considered when designing trap parameters. By optimizing trap parameters such as lifting height, grid width, baffle width, and distribution angle, the low-field-strength coverage area can be expanded, which enhances the electric field shielding effect and particle movement suppression capability of the trap, and reduces the proportion of escaped particles.

gas-insulated transmission line  /  metal particle  /  insulator  /  electric field distortion  /  particle movement suppression  /  lifting type particle trap
尉元龙, 何柏娜, 赵云伟, 董彦辰, 刘晨旭, 高磊. 直流GIL金属微粒陷阱抑制. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (7) : 104 -112 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.012
Yuanlong Wei, Baina He, Yunwei Zhao, Yanchen Dong, Chenxu Liu, Lei Gao. Metal particle trap suppression in DC GIL[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (7) : 104 -112 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.012
中国一次能源资源主要集中分布于西北地区,随着城市化进程加速,东南沿海各大城市电力需求持续攀升,在这种新型供电形式下,有必要发展大功率、远距离直流输电技术[1-2]。气体绝缘输电线路(gas-insulated transmission line,GIL)具有绝缘可靠、输送容量大、损耗小、电磁辐射低和可靠性高等特点,得到了广泛的关注和应用[3-4]。GIL的电气特性与架空线路相似,但由于GIL是一种金属封闭的刚性结构,采用管道密封绝缘,通常不受恶劣气候和特殊地形等环境因素的影响[5-6]
GIL所需的输电走廊相对较小,能够有效利用空间资源,使高压/超高压大容量电能直接进入城市的地下变电所等负荷中心[7]。GIL助力城市能源结构优化和智能电网建设,在人口稠密的大城市中心区具有广阔应用前景[8]。虽然直流GIL已经得到一定程度的应用,但现阶段直流GIL的技术发展仍较为落后。GIL运行时会因机械振动、磨损等原因产生金属微粒,特别在直流电压下,金属微粒等异物的存在会对电场分布造成较大的影响[9]。同时长距离GIL设备复杂恶劣的敷设与组装环境导致金属微粒残存可能性增大[10-11]
目前,国内外关于GIL内部金属微粒的相关研究众多,研究范围广泛。对于直流GIL而言,金属微粒对其安全可靠运行的影响十分明显。一方面,金属微粒附着在电极表面会造成空间电场畸变,导致SF6等绝缘介质在极不均匀电场下工作,气体绝缘性能受到严重削弱[12-14]。另一方面,金属微粒在直流电压作用下还有可能发生受力运动,与GIL导杆、外壳、绝缘子等部件发生碰撞,造成GIL结构受损,进一步产生更多微粒,使直流GIL的运行工况更加恶劣[15-17]
在直流GIL中,微粒在电场作用下从外壳发生启举运动,在电极间往复碰撞,当到达高场强区域时,将会造成空间电场严重畸变并诱发电晕放电,最终造成绝缘击穿。因此,如何限制微粒运动,避免微粒运动至高场强区域或附着于绝缘子表面,是抑制微粒放电的关键[18-19]
此外,直流GIL受到单极性电场的长期作用,在其腔体内起跳运动的微粒容易诱发绝缘子沿面闪络。因此有必要根据GIL的实际运行工况,在充分考虑金属微粒运动的情况下,分析金属微粒陷阱的捕获机理及参数优化路径。
针对上述问题,本研究建立直流GIL金属微粒电动力学仿真模型,利用有限元计算软件模拟直流GIL内部微粒典型运动轨迹。基于直流GIL金属微粒运动特性,研究加装上提式微粒陷阱抑制微粒运动的可行性。
目前,GIL设备在新型电力系统建设、提升电网互通能力等方面得到了广泛应用,不仅可作为新建输电线路的选择,还可作为城区架空线入地改造的可选方案[20]。本文选取国内某±200 kV直流GIL作为研究对象,其几何模型如图1所示[21]。直流GIL管道整体长度为10 m,水平放置;GIL外壳接地,内部气体为六氟化硫(SF6),气压为0.5 MPa;外部气体为空气;盆式绝缘子沿面距离为156 mm。
GIL的材料分配如图2所示,GIL腔体内气体为SF6,其相对介电常数(ε)为1.002;金属外壳以及高压屏蔽材质均为铝合金,其ε为1010;绝缘子材质为氧化铝陶瓷,其ε为9.8;GIL外部空间为空气,其ε为1。
在直流GIL中,金属微粒受到重力、库仑力、电场梯度力等多种力作用。为便于分析,以绝缘子圆心为原点,GIL水平径向为x轴方向,GIL轴向为y轴方向,GIL垂直径向为z轴方向,搭建空间直角坐标系,受力分析如图3所示。
在直流GIL中,微粒形状以球形及不规则形状居多[1]。球形微粒的半径多为毫米级,具体材质与GIL制造工艺有关,主要为铁、铝等[12]。密度较小的铝微粒在GIL内部的运动现象较为剧烈,仅通过金属微粒陷阱进行抑制的可能性较低,因此本文研究微粒陷阱参数时,主要考虑铁材质的金属微粒。由于微粒半径远小于设备特征长度,可以采用质点近似法简化为球形金属微粒模型。
金属微粒在直流GIL内部会受到重力与浮力的作用。其中,重力取决于微粒的质量,与微粒半径、密度有关,如式(1)所示;浮力方向与重力相反,但其形式类似,如式(2)所示。
G=-4πr33ρmg
Ff=4πr33ρgg
式(1)~(2)中:G为重力;g为重力加速度;Ff为浮力;r为金属微粒半径;ρgρm分别为气体和金属微粒的密度。
微粒在GIL内部运动时,会受到气体阻力[21]。微粒所受气体阻力的方向与运动方向相反,大小取决于微粒半径、速度等因素,如式(3)所示。
Fv=6πμgasrv
式(3)中:Fv为气体阻力;μgas为气体动力黏度;v为微粒运动速率。
金属微粒受到的库仑力主要取决于微粒附近区域的电场分布及其自身携带的电荷量[22-23]。GIL系统可简化为同轴圆柱电极结构,其中高压导杆作为内电极,通常带正电,而接地外壳作为外电极,电位为零。当微粒与接地外壳碰撞时,所带负电荷可通过式(4)计算。
q-=-23π3r2εE=-23π3r2εUdcR2ln(R2/R1)
式(4)中:q-为微粒与GIL外壳碰撞后所携带的电荷量;E为空间电场强度;Udc为GIL高压导杆电势;R1为导杆外半径;R2为外壳内半径。
当金属微粒碰撞到高压导杆后,所带电荷可通过式(5)计算。基于微粒携带电荷量情况,可计算微粒所受库仑力(Fq)如式(6)所示。
q+=23π3r2εUdcR1ln(R2/R1)
Fq=qE=q-UdcRln(R2/R1)
式(5)~(6)中:q+为微粒与GIL导杆碰撞后所携带的电荷量;R为微粒与GIL腔体中轴线间的距离;q为微粒的电荷量。
由于直流腔体内电场分布存在非均匀性,金属微粒还会受到电场梯度力作用,该力的方向由电场梯度决定,与物体是否带电无关。电场梯度力(Fg)大小受微粒的几何形态、材料特性及电场梯度分布共同影响,可通过式(7)计算[13]
Fg=2πr3εE24πεr3R3Udcln(R2/R1)2
直流GIL电场分布如图4所示。从图4可以看出,靠近盆式绝缘子以及金属屏蔽的空间电场发生显著畸变,最大电场强度值达到2.0 kV/mm。当微粒起始位置靠近绝缘子和金属屏蔽时,GIL内部电场分布的不均匀性将会导致微粒受力情况与运动特性随起始位置不同而变化。
首先研究GIL腔体底部不同起始位置的微粒起跳运动特性。以GIL法兰连接处为原点,在GIL腔体底部的绝缘子凸面侧与凹面侧分别选取金属微粒起始位置(金属微粒起始位置间隔30 mm,每次研究仅预置一个微粒,各微粒的运动互不影响)。绝缘子凸面侧微粒发生起跳30 s后的运动轨迹如图5所示。从图5可以看出,位于最右侧的微粒不仅发生起跳,还与绝缘子发生碰撞,运动轨迹发生明显偏移,运动特性明显不同于其他微粒。
由直流GIL电场分布情况可知,绝缘子凹面侧电场分布明显不同于凸面侧,绝缘子凹面侧的电场畸变区域较小。绝缘子凹面侧微粒发生起跳30 s后的运动轨迹如图6所示。从图6可以看出,所有微粒均未与绝缘子发生碰撞,且微粒的运动轨迹远离绝缘子、金属屏蔽附近区域。
图56可以看出,微粒在绝缘子凸面侧具有两个稳定振荡区间,微粒的运动轨迹较为集中,绝缘子对金属屏蔽和绝缘子交界处的微粒具有明显的吸引作用,微粒与绝缘子的碰撞概率较大;微粒在绝缘子凹面侧有多个稳定振荡区间,微粒运动轨迹较为分散,绝缘子对微粒的吸引作用较弱,微粒与绝缘子不发生碰撞。
金属微粒陷阱的结构可分为栅格型和拔孔型,对于栅格型微粒陷阱,通常安装在绝缘子附近,依据其安装方式和结构特点又可以细分为紧贴式和上提式[21]。研究显示,上提式栅格型微粒陷阱能够有效调整电场分布,在特定区域产生较低的场强,从而实现对金属微粒的运动抑制和有效捕捉[22-23]
因为绝缘子凸面侧微粒运动现象较为显著,与绝缘子碰撞概率也较大,所以考虑在绝缘子凸面侧附近加装微粒陷阱。上提式陷阱在工程应用中表现出明显优势,使其成为GIL设备中最常用的微粒控制技术,具体结构和原理分别如图7图8所示。
上提式栅格型微粒陷阱的关键参数包括陷阱总长度l1、栅格宽度l2、挡板宽度l3、陷阱厚度d、陷阱提升高度h以及栅格在z-x平面的径向分布角θ,通过这些关键参数值可以将上提式微粒陷阱的结构完整地描述出来,如图9所示。
研究微粒陷阱抑制机理时,在图1所示的±200 kV直流GIL模型基础上加装上提式微粒陷阱,陷阱结构参数为:栅格径向分布角θ=90°,陷阱厚度d=5 mm,提升高度h=10 mm,总长度l1=500 mm,栅格宽度l2=15 mm,挡板宽度l3=5 mm。
首先考虑陷阱的布置对GIL腔体内部电场分布的影响。陷阱起始位置为GIL法兰连接处,图10为布置上提式微粒陷阱对GIL腔体电场分布的影响情况。从图10可以看出,上提式微粒陷阱结构对于陷阱内部的电场具有显著的屏蔽效果,陷阱内部的电场强度明显低于外部电场强度。此外,陷阱结构的存在使得各部位表面的电场存在一定程度的畸变,且陷阱与原点的距离越近,其表面场强越大。
根据SF6高压电器设计规范,文中气体绝缘设备筒体内表面的最大电场强度应不超过10~12 kV/mm。由于微粒陷阱的布置相当于改变了GIL管道内壁的位置高度,提升陷阱高度或者增大厚度时,陷阱表面电场强度会有一定的增大。因此,应对陷阱厚度d和提升高度h的总和(d+h)进行限制。
为保证微粒陷阱厚度满足机械强度要求,在后续研究中固定陷阱厚度d=5 mm,调整微粒陷阱的提升高度,仿真计算稳态运行下不同陷阱提升高度的微粒陷阱表面及屏蔽罩表面最大电场强度Emax,如图11所示。从图11可以看出,当微粒陷阱高度小于17 mm时,GIL腔体内场强符合SF6高压电器设计规范。实际运行的GIL还会面临雷电过电压、操作过电压等恶劣工况,为在符合标准的同时留有一定裕度,在加装上提式微粒陷阱时应将陷阱厚度与提升高度之和(d+h)约束至20 mm及以下。
根据2.3节结果可知,微粒陷阱的各参数对GIL腔体内部电场分布具有显著影响,而电场分布情况的改变又决定着陷阱对微粒运动的抑制效果。
首先在GIL腔体法兰连接处设置陷阱h为10 mm、d为5 mm、θ为90°、l2为15 mm、l3为5 mm、l1为500 mm。当半径为0.1 mm、密度为7 800 kg/m3的球形金属(铁)微粒在陷阱底部不同起始位置(以GIL法兰连接处为原点,各起始位置间隔30 mm)发生起跳时,微粒运动轨迹如图12所示。从图12可以看出,t=0.05 s时,大部分陷阱底部微粒仍在电动力作用下起跳,微粒的起跳高度各不相同,但少数微粒未发生起跳。微粒起始位置距离陷阱越远,微粒的z轴位移越大,起跳现象越剧烈,如位于陷阱外部的微粒R、S、T起跳现象十分显著。
微粒起跳后在t=0.5 s时刻的运动轨迹如图13所示。从图13可以看出,加装微粒陷阱后,微粒起跳现象受到抑制。大多数微粒起跳后在与陷阱的碰撞中损失大部分动能,运动范围局限于陷阱底部空间,体现了陷阱对微粒运动的抑制作用。但仍有部分微粒在起跳中未与陷阱发生碰撞,而是从微粒陷阱的栅格逸出,运动现象较为剧烈。极少数逸出陷阱的微粒在若干次碰撞后再次从栅格进入陷阱底部区域,与外壳、陷阱相互碰撞损失动能,但最终未被微粒陷阱捕获。
考虑到加装陷阱后,微粒存在未逸出、逸出以及逸出后被捕获三种运动情况,统计某一时刻运动范围局限于陷阱底部区域的微粒数目为n1,逸出陷阱底部区域或具有逸出趋势的微粒数目为n2。未逸出微粒数与总微粒数的比值即n1/(n1+n2)定义为陷阱对微粒的捕获率,计算得到在t=0.5 s时陷阱的捕获率为76.5%。图13所示的微粒运动轨迹中,逸出陷阱的微粒起始位置集中在左侧区域,而右侧的微粒运动范围均被陷阱限制在其底部空间。所构建的微粒陷阱虽然能够抑制底部右侧空间绝大部分的微粒运动,但对底部左侧空间的微粒运动抑制效果较差。
图14t=0.25 s时,陷阱提升高度h对微粒运动轨迹的影响。虽然根据2.3节相关结论,提升高度越小,陷阱底部电场越均匀,平均电场强度也越小,但从图14(a)~(b)可以看出,陷阱提升高度h=5 mm时微粒的运动现象相较h=10 mm更为明显。当t=0.25 s,h=10 mm时,仅有微粒A逸出,陷阱对微粒的捕获率为94.1%;当h减小至5 mm时,逸出陷阱的金属微粒数量由1个增加至8个,此时陷阱对微粒的捕获率降至52.9%。
图14(c)可以看出,相比h=10 mm的情况,当h=15 mm时,除微粒A逸出陷阱外,陷阱底部右侧区域还有一个微粒起跳后逸出,陷阱对微粒的捕获率为88.2%。陷阱对微粒起跳运动的抑制效果相对h=10 mm时较差,但仍好于h=5 mm的情况,大多数陷阱底部微粒的起跳均受到陷阱抑制。根据陷阱提升高度对微粒运动抑制效果的影响可知,减小陷阱提升高度虽然能减小底部区域平均电场强度,使电场分布更均匀,但也减小了陷阱电场屏蔽效应的覆盖范围,最终对微粒运动抑制造成不利影响。
相对来说,陷阱提升高度较大时也会对微粒运动的抑制产生负面效果,但影响程度较小,提升高度h=10 mm时抑制效果最好。因此在陷阱参数的选取中,应在保证微粒运动抑制效果的前提下,尽可能选取较大的提升高度值。基于前述研究结果,确定后续研究中陷阱提升高度h=10 mm。
设置不同的陷阱栅格宽度l2与挡板宽度l3,不同参数陷阱在各时刻的捕获率如表1所示。从表1可以看出,陷阱1(l2=5 mm、l3=5 mm)的捕获率在0.25 s内均为100%,相比其他陷阱其微粒捕获率最高。随着陷阱栅格宽度、挡板宽度的增大,陷阱在相同时刻的捕获率均有所降低。陷阱4(l2=10 mm、l3=10 mm)在各时刻对微粒的捕获率最低,对微粒起跳运动抑制效果最差。根据前述陷阱栅格宽度、挡板宽度与不同时刻微粒捕获率的关系,为提高陷阱对微粒运动的抑制效果,陷阱参数取l2=5 mm、l3=5 mm。
图15是陷阱角度θ不同时,t=0.25 s时的微粒运动轨迹。从图15可以看出,微粒的x轴位移以及z-x平面的运动范围随着陷阱角度的增大先减小后增大,以陷阱角度为120°时的微粒z-x平面运动范围最小,此时微粒运动所受抑制效果最为显著。陷阱角度增大虽然使其电场屏蔽效应能覆盖到的空间增大,但一旦超过某一临界值,陷阱对微粒运动的抑制效果不增反降。从提高陷阱对微粒运动抑制效果的角度出发,陷阱角度取120°较为合适。
陷阱长度同样会影响微粒运动的抑制效果。取陷阱角度θ=120°,不同陷阱长度下的微粒运动轨迹如图16所示。从图16可以看出,当t=0.25 s时,不同总长度l1的陷阱对微粒的捕获率均为100%,陷阱总长度与捕获的微粒数成正比关系。当陷阱其他参数确定时,陷阱总长度对微粒运动抑制效果的影响主要体现在电场屏蔽效应的覆盖区域大小。陷阱电场屏蔽效应所覆盖的区域越大,则会有更多的微粒起跳运动受到抑制。但由于不同长度的陷阱底部电场分布规律基本相同,陷阱的总长度对捕获率无较大影响。
综上所述,陷阱的提升高度、厚度、挡板宽度和栅格宽度等参数显著影响微粒运动抑制效果。当陷阱参数设置情况如表2所示时,在GIL内部加装的上提式微粒陷阱对所选取金属微粒的运动抑制效果相对较好。
直流GIL的实际运行工况并非固定不变,不同运行工况下GIL腔体内部微粒的材质、大小、形状等特征存在较大差异性。因此,为提高直流GIL内部金属微粒运动抑制的效果,还需要结合具体的运行工况,并在可能的条件下基于运行中的GIL金属微粒统计数据,结合微粒尺寸和运动轨迹设计陷阱参数,从而使得加装金属微粒陷阱更加有利于直流GIL的安全运行。
本文结合直流GIL运行工况,研究直流GIL中上提式微粒陷阱的结构设计及其对电场和微粒运动的影响,主要结论如下:
(1)加装微粒陷阱后,大多数微粒的起跳运动受到抑制,但GIL腔体内的电场分布发生了显著变化。陷阱底部区域的电场强度明显降低,但陷阱顶部区域以及绝缘子、高压导杆等部位的电场畸变程度有所增大,陷阱设计参数时需平衡电场屏蔽范围与畸变风险。
(2)陷阱通过形成低场强区域抑制微粒起跳,当提升高度h=10 mm、栅格宽度l2=5 mm、挡板宽度l3=5 mm时,在0.25 s内对微粒的捕获率可达100%;当陷阱角度θ=120°时,微粒运动范围最小。
(3)通过优化陷阱的提升高度、栅格宽度、挡板宽度及分布角度等陷阱参数,可以扩大低场强覆盖区域,增强陷阱的电场屏蔽效果与提高微粒运动抑制能力,降低逸出微粒的比例,证明了加装陷阱抑制微粒运动的可行性。

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2026年第59卷第7期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.012
  • 接收时间:2025-08-17
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-17
  • 修回日期:2025-10-08
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    1山东理工大学 电气与电子工程学院,山东 淄博 255000
    2山东工业职业学院 电气工程学院,山东 淄博 255000
    3国网山东省电力公司淄博供电公司,山东 淄博 255000

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何柏娜(1977-),女(汉族),辽宁灯塔人,副教授,主要从事电力系统仿真及高电压绝缘技术的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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