Article(id=1304921655336263932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921635748864029, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765728000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-15, revisedDate=1768924800000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047166903, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1784476800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047166903, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047166903, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047166903, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304921635748864029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784476800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047162234, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789117876219, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305218231761920521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921635748864029, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305218231761920522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921635748864029, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=41, endPage=48, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304921655516619005, articleId=1304921655336263932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Research on regulation mechanism of casting process on microstructure of domestically washed polypropylene resin cast sheets and BOPP films, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aims to clarify the effects of the crystallization characteristics of domestically washed polypropylene resin and the casting process on the microstructure of cast films and the comprehensive properties of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films. Using domestically washed polypropylene resin as the research object, the effects of crystallization characteristics of the domestic resin and casting process on the regulation of the cast film microstructure and the resulting effects on the comprehensive properties of BOPP films were systematically investigated by means of characterization techniques such as polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and wide-angle X-ray diffractometry (WAXD). The results show that the domestic resin can form β-crystals of relatively small size during slow cooling. Increasing the chill roll temperature can increase the crystallinity, β-crystal content, and spherulite size of the cast film, while the β-crystals on the cast film surface directly influence the size and distribution morphology of the crater rings on the surface of the domestic BOPP film. The comprehensive properties of the domestic BOPP film have approached those of imported products of the same specification.

, authors=Bo Yang, Yaotian Su, Zhaoliang Xing*, Chong Zhang, Shaowei Guo, Zhaotian Zhang, Shuting Zhang, Bo Wang, authorsList=Bo Yang, Yaotian Su, Zhaoliang Xing, Chong Zhang, Shaowei Guo, Zhaotian Zhang, Shuting Zhang, Bo Wang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhaoliang Xing, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304921657647325458, articleId=1304921655336263932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=流延工艺对国产洗涤聚丙烯树脂铸片及BOPP薄膜微观结构的调控机制研究, columnId=1190369066813591720, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=材料研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在明确国产洗涤聚丙烯树脂结晶特性及流延工艺对铸片微观结构与双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜综合性能的影响规律。以国产洗涤聚丙烯树脂为研究对象,借助偏光显微镜(POM)和广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)等表征手段,系统探究国产树脂结晶特性、流延工艺对铸片微观结构的调控规律、以及对BOPP薄膜综合性能的影响。结果表明:国产聚丙烯树脂在缓慢降温过程中可以形成尺寸较小的β晶。提高冷辊温度可以增加铸片的结晶度、β晶含量及球晶尺寸,而铸片表面的β晶会直接影响国产BOPP薄膜表面的粗化环尺寸和分布形态。国产BOPP薄膜的综合性能已经趋近于进口同规格产品。

, authors=杨博, 苏尧天, 邢照亮*, 张翀, 郭少玮, 张兆天, 张淑婷, 王博, authorsList=杨博, 苏尧天, 邢照亮, 张翀, 郭少玮, 张兆天, 张淑婷, 王博, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邢照亮, authorNote=

杨博(1995-),男(汉族),安徽亳州人,工程师,博士,主要从事绝缘电介质材料的研究

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邢照亮(1988-),男(汉族),山东临沂人,高级工程师,主要从事绝缘电介质材料的研究。
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杨博(1995-),男(汉族),安徽亳州人,工程师,博士,主要从事绝缘电介质材料的研究

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杨博(1995-),男(汉族),安徽亳州人,工程师,博士,主要从事绝缘电介质材料的研究

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European Polymer Journal,2017,95:606-624., articleTitle=Effect of film structure and morphology on the dielectric breakdown characteristics of cast and biaxially oriented polypropylene films, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1304921657890595091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921655336263932, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304921657999646996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921655336263932, companyId=1304921657890595091, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology, China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304921658008035605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921655336263932, companyId=1304921657890595091, language=CN, country=null, 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(a) BOPP-HC (b) BOPP-GC

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(a) MBOPP-HC (b) MBOPP-GC

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Key parameters of polypropylene resin

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性能指标数值
熔融指数/(g/10min)3.2
等规度/%98.8
灰分/(×10-6)16
重均分子量(Mw)/(×104 g/mol)32.2
数均分子量(Mn)/(×104 g/mol)7.3
分子量分布(PDI)4.2
), ArticleFig(id=1304921662391083355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921655336263932, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

聚丙烯树脂主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能指标数值
熔融指数/(g/10min)3.2
等规度/%98.8
灰分/(×10-6)16
重均分子量(Mw)/(×104 g/mol)32.2
数均分子量(Mn)/(×104 g/mol)7.3
分子量分布(PDI)4.2
), ArticleFig(id=1304921662479163740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921655336263932, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Performance parameters of BOPP-HC and BOPP-GC films

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能指标要求值BOPP-HCBOPP-GC
电子测厚/μm5.8±0.125.795.76
粗糙度(Ra)/μm0.08±0.020.0850.072
雾度/%1.980.97
热收缩率(纵向/横向)/%≤3.52.4/0.33.0/0.4
拉伸强度(纵向/横向)/MPa纵向:≥150横向:≥280165.8334.2137.3310.6
结晶度/%≥5051.251.5
介电常数2.32.3
电气强度/(kV/mm)≥550662630
电弱点/(个/m2)≤10.30.2
), ArticleFig(id=1304921662546272605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921655336263932, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

BOPP-HC和BOPP-GC薄膜的性能参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能指标要求值BOPP-HCBOPP-GC
电子测厚/μm5.8±0.125.795.76
粗糙度(Ra)/μm0.08±0.020.0850.072
雾度/%1.980.97
热收缩率(纵向/横向)/%≤3.52.4/0.33.0/0.4
拉伸强度(纵向/横向)/MPa纵向:≥150横向:≥280165.8334.2137.3310.6
结晶度/%≥5051.251.5
介电常数2.32.3
电气强度/(kV/mm)≥550662630
电弱点/(个/m2)≤10.30.2
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流延工艺对国产洗涤聚丙烯树脂铸片及BOPP薄膜微观结构的调控机制研究
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杨博 , 苏尧天 , 邢照亮 * , 张翀 , 郭少玮 , 张兆天 , 张淑婷 , 王博
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2026,59(7): 41-48
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绝缘材料 |材料研究 2026 , 59 (7) : 41 -48
流延工艺对国产洗涤聚丙烯树脂铸片及BOPP薄膜微观结构的调控机制研究
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杨博, 苏尧天, 邢照亮*, 张翀, 郭少玮, 张兆天, 张淑婷, 王博
作者信息
  • 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 先进输电技术全国重点实验室,北京 102209
通讯作者:
邢照亮(1988-),男(汉族),山东临沂人,高级工程师,主要从事绝缘电介质材料的研究。
作者简介:

杨博(1995-),男(汉族),安徽亳州人,工程师,博士,主要从事绝缘电介质材料的研究

Research on regulation mechanism of casting process on microstructure of domestically washed polypropylene resin cast sheets and BOPP films
Bo Yang, Yaotian Su, Zhaoliang Xing*, Chong Zhang, Shaowei Guo, Zhaotian Zhang, Shuting Zhang, Bo Wang
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology, China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
出版时间: 2026-07-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.005
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本研究旨在明确国产洗涤聚丙烯树脂结晶特性及流延工艺对铸片微观结构与双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜综合性能的影响规律。以国产洗涤聚丙烯树脂为研究对象,借助偏光显微镜(POM)和广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)等表征手段,系统探究国产树脂结晶特性、流延工艺对铸片微观结构的调控规律、以及对BOPP薄膜综合性能的影响。结果表明:国产聚丙烯树脂在缓慢降温过程中可以形成尺寸较小的β晶。提高冷辊温度可以增加铸片的结晶度、β晶含量及球晶尺寸,而铸片表面的β晶会直接影响国产BOPP薄膜表面的粗化环尺寸和分布形态。国产BOPP薄膜的综合性能已经趋近于进口同规格产品。

聚丙烯  /  β晶  /  铸片  /  双轴拉伸薄膜

This study aims to clarify the effects of the crystallization characteristics of domestically washed polypropylene resin and the casting process on the microstructure of cast films and the comprehensive properties of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films. Using domestically washed polypropylene resin as the research object, the effects of crystallization characteristics of the domestic resin and casting process on the regulation of the cast film microstructure and the resulting effects on the comprehensive properties of BOPP films were systematically investigated by means of characterization techniques such as polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and wide-angle X-ray diffractometry (WAXD). The results show that the domestic resin can form β-crystals of relatively small size during slow cooling. Increasing the chill roll temperature can increase the crystallinity, β-crystal content, and spherulite size of the cast film, while the β-crystals on the cast film surface directly influence the size and distribution morphology of the crater rings on the surface of the domestic BOPP film. The comprehensive properties of the domestic BOPP film have approached those of imported products of the same specification.

polypropylene  /  β-crystal  /  cast sheet  /  biaxially oriented film
杨博, 苏尧天, 邢照亮, 张翀, 郭少玮, 张兆天, 张淑婷, 王博. 流延工艺对国产洗涤聚丙烯树脂铸片及BOPP薄膜微观结构的调控机制研究. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (7) : 41 -48 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.005
Bo Yang, Yaotian Su, Zhaoliang Xing, Chong Zhang, Shaowei Guo, Zhaotian Zhang, Shuting Zhang, Bo Wang. Research on regulation mechanism of casting process on microstructure of domestically washed polypropylene resin cast sheets and BOPP films[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (7) : 41 -48 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.005
特高压柔性直流工程具有跨区域、大容量电能传输等特点,已成为风光等新能源大规模消纳的关键枢纽[1-2]。电容器作为具备能量存储、电压平波、功率补偿及滤波等核心作用的基础元器件[3],其性能直接决定了特高压柔直系统的运行稳定性、电能质量与调控精度。双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜是干式直流支撑电容器的核心介质材料[4-5],低灰分、高等规电工级聚丙烯树脂作为BOPP的主要原材料,长期被奥地利北欧化工、新加坡TPC等国外企业垄断。近年来,依托国内聚合和洗涤工艺的迭代优化,国产聚丙烯树脂的灰分、分子量以及分子量分布指数等关键指标已经接近国外树脂[6-8],显著加速了电容器用聚丙烯基膜的国产化替代进程。
在薄膜制备工艺中,流延工艺作为连接树脂原料与双轴拉伸环节的核心节点,决定了铸片初始微观结构,主要影响β晶晶型含量、结晶度和晶体尺寸等。Xu Meng等[9]系统研究了冷辊温度对铸片内晶体晶型和形貌的影响规律,发现铸片在低温(20~40℃)下以介晶相为主;当冷辊温度高于40℃时,α晶快速成核与生长,铸片表面晶体尺寸逐渐增加,由细小的晶粒结构逐渐转变为球形结构。当冷辊温度从70℃升高至90℃时,铸片内开始形成β晶,且β晶含量和结晶度逐渐增加[10]。由于铸片空气侧与冷辊侧的热传导速率存在显著差异,铸片两侧的结晶动力学过程不同,铸片两侧在结晶度、晶型分布及晶粒尺寸等结晶性能方面呈现出明显的不对称性。P Duffo等[11]使用偏光显微镜(POM)研究冷辊温度控制在85~95℃时铸片的横截面,结果表明,铸片沿厚度方向形成冷辊侧皮层、中间层、空气侧皮层3个结晶形态各异的区域:冷辊侧皮层以大量α晶横晶为主,伴生少量泪滴状β球晶;空气侧皮层的椭圆形球晶尺寸分布与冷辊侧相近;中间层则由大尺寸变形球晶构成。在双轴拉伸过程中,铸片发生β晶向α晶转变[12-14],是薄膜表面形成粗化环的主要原因。适当的粗化环结构有助于增强金属化层薄膜表面的金属附着力,提升薄膜的耐剥离性能与界面稳定性。目前,针对国产树脂铸片的相关研究尚显薄弱,为有效提升国产BOPP薄膜性能,亟需深入探究国产树脂结晶特性,并系统解析流延工艺对国产洗涤聚丙烯树脂铸片及BOPP薄膜微观结构的调控机制。
本文以国产洗涤用聚丙烯树脂为研究对象,经流延、双轴拉伸工艺先后制备铸片及BOPP薄膜样品。采用POM与广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)表征国产树脂的结晶性能,研究流延工艺对铸片微观结构的影响,并对比分析国产树脂基BOPP薄膜与进口同规格产品的性能差异,以期为国产树脂的迭代优化提供理论支撑。
选取中国石油兰州石化采用连续稳定洗涤工艺生产的低灰分、高等规聚丙烯树脂,样品记为PP-GC,其基本性能参数如表1所示。
采用德国Brückner工业级挤出系统制备得到厚度约为200 µm的聚丙烯铸片,冷辊温度分别为80、88、90、92.5、95℃,样品分别记为PP-GC-80、PP-GC-88、PP-GC-90、PP-GC-92.5、PP-GC-95。
采用德国Brückner工业级异步双轴拉伸生产线制备薄膜样品,纵向拉伸和横向拉伸温度分别为142℃和167℃,纵拉比和横拉比分别为4.6和7.1,薄膜厚度约为5.8 µm。
DSC-Q2000型差示扫描量热仪,TA公司;HCS621GXY型热台,Instec公司;TST350型热台,Linkam公司;DM2700P型偏光显微镜,Leica公司;Xeuss2.0型广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD),Xenocs公司;HCDJC型直流击穿测试设备,北京华测试验仪器有限公司。
使用分析天平称取7~8 mg薄膜样品,在差示扫描量热仪中以10℃/min的速率升温至230℃测得升温曲线,从而得到熔融峰温度。
采用偏光显微镜研究国产树脂的结晶性能及BOPP薄膜的粗化环结构。将等规聚丙烯(iPP)薄膜夹在两片圆形盖玻片之间,置于HCS621GXY型热台上。将样品以20℃/min的速率从室温升温至200℃并保温1 min,随后以10℃/min的速率降温至40℃,最后将样品重新加热至不同温度。通过CCD相机采集并保存升温和冷却过程中样品的晶体形态变化。
使用广角X射线衍射仪对树脂和铸片样品的晶型和结晶度进行表征测试,X射线波长为1.54 Å,二维衍射花样的检测器为Pilatus检测器,分辨率为487 px×619 px,像素尺寸为172 μm×172 μm。原位测试时,将样品置于两片铝箔之间,放在TST350型热台上快速升温至目标温度,恒温1 min后进行测试。所有样品均曝光5 min。利用数据处理软件Foxtrot对得到的二维图案进行积分,扣除空气散射和铝箔背景后得到一维衍射曲线。根据A T Jones等[15]的方法,由式(1)计算得到β晶含量(kβ)。
kβ=I(110)βI(110)β+I(110)α+I(040)α+I(130)α
式(1)中:I(110)αI(040)αI(130)αα晶各特征衍射峰的强度;I(110)ββ晶的(110)晶面衍射峰的强度。
使用直流击穿设备测试材料在85℃下的电气强度,采用直径为25 mm的柱状铜电极进行测试,升压速率为200 V/s,测量50个点的击穿电压,取平均值后除以试样厚度得到薄膜的电气强度。
将长度为1 000 mm的试样放在有橡皮垫的平面上,用粘结强度为2~10 N/cm2的胶带(尺寸为600 mm×19 mm,3M公司)均匀地粘贴在试验金属镀层上(粘贴时用力应均匀,使胶带与金属层完全贴合),粘贴长度为100 mm,然后将胶带平稳地垂直撕下。
相较于α晶,β晶具有强双折射效应,在正交偏振光下更明亮[16]。因此,可以通过偏光显微镜照片中的明暗程度判定α晶和β晶。图1是PP-GC树脂在冷却和升温过程中的偏光显微镜照片。从图1可以看出,当熔体冷却至125℃时,α晶体和β晶体同时成核并生长。当温度缓慢降至120℃时,出现明亮的β晶晶粒(白色虚线圆圈处),β晶晶粒逐渐发展为球状结构,数量明显少于α晶,此时α晶的成核与生长占主导地位。这是因为α晶体具有较高的过冷度,降低了成核能垒,使其在冷却过程中快速成核生长。随后,将样品从室温加热至熔融温度以确认明亮晶体是否为β晶。当温度升至150℃时,明亮的β晶体先发生熔融,同时球晶中存在缺陷的区域也发生熔融,导致双折射强度和亮度下降。温度升至155℃时,明亮的β球晶已完全熔融,而颜色较深的α晶体仍然存在。当温度升至170℃时,α晶体完全熔融。
进一步采用原位广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)验证明亮晶体是否为β晶。将PP-GC树脂样品以20℃/min的速率从室温升温至200℃并保温1 min,随后以10℃/min的速率降温至40℃,制备得到PP-GC薄膜样品,升温过程的WAXD曲线如图2所示。从图2可以看出,在40℃下,散射矢量q=1.14 Å处存在明显的(110)β晶面衍射信号,表明初始PP-GC薄膜样品内存在β晶,随着温度逐渐升高,(110)β晶面的衍射峰强度逐渐减小,表明β晶逐渐发生熔融。当升温至150℃时,(110)β晶面的衍射强度大幅下降,表明β晶已经开始快速熔融,该结果与POM观察到的结果一致。从图2还可以看出,随着温度升高,(110)β的衍射峰逐渐往低q区移动,这是因为升温导致晶格膨胀,晶格参数的变化会导致峰位发生偏移。
冷辊温度是调控铸片内晶体晶型和晶体形貌的关键因素。本文借助DSC和WAXD表征手段,研究冷辊温度对PP-GC铸片结晶性能的影响,探究最佳的冷辊温度。图3为不同冷辊温度下制备的PP-GC铸片的DSC曲线。从图3可以看出,当冷辊温度为80℃时,PP-GC-80铸片仅在165.9℃出现熔融峰,即α晶的熔融峰。当冷辊温度逐渐升高至92.5℃时,PP-GC-92.5铸片的α晶熔点未出现明显变化,而在151.0℃处出现低熔点熔融峰,为β晶的熔融峰。由于β晶的熔融峰信号微弱,难以通过分峰精确计算出β晶的含量。
PP-GC铸片的二维WAXD图像和一维WAXD曲线分别如图4图5所示。从图4图5可以看出,PP-GC-80铸片没有β晶的衍射信号,α晶的衍射环呈各向同性,铸片取向度低。
图6总结了PP-GC铸片的结晶度和kβ与冷辊温度的关系曲线。从图6可以看出,PP-GC-80铸片的结晶度为64.2%,kβ值为0,铸片仅含有α晶。随着冷辊温度逐渐升高,β晶的衍射信号逐渐增强,结晶度逐渐增加。PP-GC-92.5铸片存在微弱的(110)β衍射峰,kβ值约为0.014,结晶度增加至69.7%。当冷辊温度为95℃时,PP-GC-95铸片的结晶度和kβ值相比PP-GC-92.5铸片均出现小幅度下降,结晶度和kβ值分别为67.2%和0.011。这可能是由于过冷度的减小减缓了铸片的成核速率,使结晶度降低。
在流延过程中,由于冷辊的热传导速率远大于空气的热传导速率,铸片空气侧和冷辊侧的结晶环境存在明显差异[11]。利用偏光显微镜(POM)表征铸片的空气侧与冷辊侧在晶型分布和晶体形貌上的差异,有助于系统解析BOPP薄膜粗化环形成的影响因素[17-19]图7展示了不同冷辊温度下制备的PP-GC铸片空气面和冷辊面的POM图像,相应的β球晶尺寸如图8所示。从图7可以看出,当冷辊温度为80℃时,空气侧和冷辊侧表面观察到铸片表层以较暗的α晶为主导,存在极少量明亮但结构不完善的β晶,空气侧的β晶数量小于冷辊侧的β晶数量,且视野内的β晶分布不均匀。从图8可以看出,此时空气侧和冷辊侧的β晶直径分别约为22.1 μm和7.8 μm,主要归因于空气的热传导速率小,缓慢的降温速率有助于片晶充分生长成结构完善的球晶。当冷辊温度逐渐升高至88℃,空气侧可以观察到大尺寸的β球晶结构,球晶尺寸明显增大,且数量逐渐增加。PP-GC-88铸片空气面和冷辊面的β球晶直径分别约为31.4 μm和12.2 μm。铸片表面存在明显的晶界结构,β晶难以生成规则的球晶,主要归因于β晶与α晶间存在竞争关系,α晶的生长速度较快,挤占了β晶的生长空间。随着冷辊温度进一步升高,PP-GC-92.5和PP-GC-95铸片的β球晶尺寸和数量无明显变化。由此可见,国产PP-GC树脂在流延过程中可生成少量的β晶,冷辊温度对铸片内β晶生成的调控能力有限,最佳的冷辊温度为92.5℃。
选取PP-GC-92.5铸片在工业双轴拉伸线制备得到厚度为5.8 μm的BOPP薄膜和金属化薄膜,分别标记为BOPP-GC和MBOPP-GC;选取市售基于北欧化工HC300树脂制备的BOPP薄膜和金属化薄膜进行对比研究,分别标记为BOPP-HC和MBOPP-HC。
使用POM在正交偏振光下可以观察到薄膜表面的椭圆形“火山口”结构,即粗化环结构。图9展示了BOPP-HC和BOPP-GC薄膜表面的POM图片。从图9可以看出,BOPP-HC样品表面的粗化环小而均匀,长轴约为231.2 μm,短轴约为95.8 μm,且分布也较为均匀。BOPP-GC样品表面的粗化环结构大而稀疏,且尺寸大小不一,尺寸较大的粗化环长轴约为350.0 μm,短轴约为219.9 μm;尺寸较小的粗化环长轴约为180.1 μm,短轴约为75.7 μm。此外BOPP-GC薄膜的粗化环结构较浅。这些现象主要归因于在双轴拉伸过程中发生不可逆的β晶向α晶型的转变,局部应力提供能量以熔化高分子片晶,并将熔融片晶重结晶成更稳定的α晶体,晶体密度差异促进粗化环结构形成[12]。同时,铸片中β晶分布和尺寸的不均一性导致BOPP-GC表面形成分布和尺寸不规则的粗化环。
针对金属化蒸镀后的薄膜进行附着力测试,探究薄膜表面粗糙结构对镀层附着力的影响。图10为测试后MBOPP-HC和MBOPP-GC金属化薄膜表面的显微镜图片。利用Image J软件测量镀层脱落的尺寸,得到MBOPP-GC金属化薄膜表面镀层脱落的尺寸约为4 μm,MBOPP-HC金属化薄膜表面镀层脱落的尺寸较小,直径约为2.5 μm。该结果表明,蒸镀过程中,金属原子会填充基膜表面微小的凹凸与孔隙等微观结构,形成类似“锚定”的机械嵌合结构,进一步提升结合力。因此,均一粗化环结构可以增强BOPP-HC基膜与金属镀层之间的界面附着力,从而确保金属化薄膜在后续加工与使用过程中方阻的稳定性、自愈行为的可控性以及电学性能的长期可靠性。
表2列出了两种薄膜的关键性能测试结果。从表2可以看出,BOPP-GC薄膜在厚度上均符合标准要求((5.8±0.12)μm)。BOPP-GC薄膜的Ra值为0.072 μm,略低于BOPP-HC的Ra值。薄膜表面的微观粗糙结构会引起光散射,从而增加雾度。表面粗糙结构越少,雾度通常越低,BOPP-GC薄膜的雾度仅为0.97%。热收缩性测试中,BOPP-GC薄膜在120℃下的纵向热收缩率为3.0%,略高于BOPP-HC薄膜。力学性能方面,两者的拉伸强度均符合标准要求。在电气性能方面,介电常数由材料的极化能力决定,薄膜的极化以电子极化和原子极化为主,BOPP-HC和BOPP-GC薄膜的结晶度约为51%,结晶区分子链规整排列导致薄膜的极化率低,介电常数约为2.3。BOPP-GC薄膜的电气强度为630 kV/mm,低于BOPP-HC薄膜的电气强度,BOPP-HC和BOPP-GC薄膜的电弱点分别为0.3个/m2和0.2个/m2。这一性能差异的主要成因在于,BOPP-GC薄膜表面的微观粗糙结构不均匀,致使其局部等效厚度小于BOPP-HC薄膜,进而在电场作用下更易形成局部电场集中区,最终降低了击穿阈值。
本文基于国产洗涤聚丙烯树脂,分别通过流延、双轴拉伸取向及金属化沉积工艺,制备得到聚丙烯铸片、BOPP薄膜与金属化薄膜。系统研究了树脂和铸片的结晶特性以及BOPP基膜和金属化薄膜的微观形貌和综合性能,得出以下结论:
(1)降温过程中,国产聚丙烯树脂在120℃左右发生β晶成核与生长,但仅能生成少量且尺寸偏小的β晶。
(2)随着冷辊温度升高,铸片的结晶度和β晶含量逐渐增加,最佳的冷辊温度为92.5℃。由于冷辊和空气热传导速率的差异,铸片空气侧的β晶尺寸大于冷辊侧。
(3)BOPP薄膜的电学性能已趋近同规格进口产品水平,但国产BOPP薄膜存在粗化环尺寸不均一、分布不匀的缺陷,导致金属化镀层的附着力下降。

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2026年第59卷第7期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.005
  • 接收时间:2025-12-15
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-15
  • 修回日期:2026-01-21
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    中国电力科学研究院有限公司 先进输电技术全国重点实验室,北京 102209

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邢照亮(1988-),男(汉族),山东临沂人,高级工程师,主要从事绝缘电介质材料的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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