Article(id=1304921645630644381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921635748864029, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753632000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-28, revisedDate=1757952000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047164590, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1784476800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047164590, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047164590, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047164590, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304921635748864029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784476800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047162234, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789117876219, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305218231761920521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921635748864029, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305218231761920522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921635748864029, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=23, endPage=29, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304921645978771614, articleId=1304921645630644381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Study on effects of different accelerators on pre-curing and properties of anhydride-epoxy system, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of different accelerators and their dosage on the pre-curing and cured properties of epoxy resin/anhydride systems (EP/MTHPA), this study employed three accelerators—DMP-30, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-dimethylbenzylamine—to prepare EP/MTHPA cured products at different curing agent dosages. The pre-curing behavior of the resin system and the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrical properties of the cured materials were studied. The results show that when the accelerator dosage is 0.75 g, the viscosity variation of the resin system is more suitable for production process control. Among them, the EP/MTHPA/DMP-30 system exhibits excellent comprehensive performance, with the lowest polymerization activation energy of 74.58 kJ/mol, a heat deflection temperature reaching 123.40℃, a flexural modulus, flexural strength, and impact strength of 123.6 MPa, 2.9 GPa, and 14.8 kJ/m2, respectively, and a volume resistivity of 9.6×10¹⁶ Ω·cm.

, authors=Kun Zeng, Ying Deng, Luzhi Zhou, Xuexiang Zhou, Chuanbai Yu*, authorsList=Kun Zeng, Ying Deng, Luzhi Zhou, Xuexiang Zhou, Chuanbai Yu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chuanbai Yu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304921648021397677, articleId=1304921645630644381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=不同促进剂对环氧酸酐体系预固化及固化物性能影响研究, columnId=1190369066813591720, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=材料研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究不同促进剂及其用量对环氧树脂酸酐体系(EP/MTHPA)预固化及固化物性能的影响,本研究采用DMP-30、N,N-二甲基苯胺和N,N-二甲基苄胺3种促进剂,分别在不同固化剂用量下制备EP/MTHP固化物,研究各体系的预固化性能和固化物的力学性能、热稳定性及电学性能。结果表明:促进剂用量为0.75 g时,树脂体系黏度变化更适宜生产,其中EP/MTHPA/DMP-30体系展现出优异的综合性能,其聚合活化能最低为74.58 kJ/mol,热变形温度达到123.40℃,弯曲模量、弯曲强度、冲击强度分别为123.6 MPa、2.9 GPa、14.8 kJ/m2,体积电阻达到9.6×1016 Ω·cm。

, authors=曾昆, 邓莹, 周鲁直, 周学翔, 余传柏*, authorsList=曾昆, 邓莹, 周鲁直, 周学翔, 余传柏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=余传柏, authorNote=

曾昆(2000-),男(汉族),云南曲靖人,硕士生,主要从事环氧树脂无卤阻燃的研究

, correspAuthorsNote=
余传柏(1978-),男(汉族),江西九江人,教授,研究方向为环氧树脂的阻燃、增韧和导热等改性研究及应用。
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曾昆(2000-),男(汉族),云南曲靖人,硕士生,主要从事环氧树脂无卤阻燃的研究

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曾昆(2000-),男(汉族),云南曲靖人,硕士生,主要从事环氧树脂无卤阻燃的研究

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articleId=1304921645630644381, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=促进剂)], refs=[Reference(id=1304921653297832166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=211, issue=null, pageStart=108640, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=Rao Wenhui, Zhao Peng, Yu Chuanbai, journalName=Composites Part B: Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rao Wenhui, Zhao Peng, Yu Chuanbai, et al. 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Polymer Degradation and Stability,2020,178:109195., articleTitle=An efficient organic/inorganic phosphorus-nitrogen-silicon flame retardant towards low-flammability epoxy resin, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1304921648457605294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304921648478576815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, companyId=1304921648457605294, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304921648486965424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, companyId=1304921648457605294, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=桂林理工大学 材料科学与工程学院,广西 桂林 541004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1304921651813048530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Changes of viscosity of resin systems with different accelerators and their dosage, figureFileSmall=kJ2XrcrK+k9Cmlc4mN/7Rg==, figureFileBig=Q3EaEx1DTR/a0NU2bnCqfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921651880157395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同促进剂及其用量对树脂体系黏度的影响, figureFileSmall=kJ2XrcrK+k9Cmlc4mN/7Rg==, figureFileBig=Q3EaEx1DTR/a0NU2bnCqfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921652043735252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Cured DSC curves of resin systems, figureFileSmall=Z0PLpdFmcmx0huLOFzP9mg==, figureFileBig=5S8kIV3PD3n04qGyOoq5sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921652106649813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各树脂体系的固化DSC曲线, figureFileSmall=Z0PLpdFmcmx0huLOFzP9mg==, figureFileBig=5S8kIV3PD3n04qGyOoq5sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921652161175766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Fitting curves of Kissinger and Ozawa methods, figureFileSmall=Sav2HRb+FbXeefDMHRopdA==, figureFileBig=pgwfap/wCtFOgpo+nDRHfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921652219896023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Kissinger和Ozawa方法拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=Sav2HRb+FbXeefDMHRopdA==, figureFileBig=pgwfap/wCtFOgpo+nDRHfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921652282810584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, 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ArticleFig(id=1304921652786127071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各体系材料的体积电阻率, figureFileSmall=MIRBp/0haH9NhjD7vISesQ==, figureFileBig=t01rJl5OfnaDnpOleZ+mSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921652849041632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Formulations for each sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样EP/gMTHPA/gDMP-30/g苯胺/g苄胺/g
EMD-0.5100830.500
EMD-0.75100830.7500
EMD-1.0100831.000
EMB-0.51008300.50
EMB-0.751008300.750
EMB-1.01008301.00
EMM-0.510083000.5
EMM-0.7510083000.75
EMM-1.010083001.0
), ArticleFig(id=1304921652932927713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各试样配方

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样EP/gMTHPA/gDMP-30/g苯胺/g苄胺/g
EMD-0.5100830.500
EMD-0.75100830.7500
EMD-1.0100831.000
EMB-0.51008300.50
EMB-0.751008300.750
EMB-1.01008301.00
EMM-0.510083000.5
EMM-0.7510083000.75
EMM-1.010083001.0
), ArticleFig(id=1304921653000036578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Curing kinetics parameters of each system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样Ea/(kJ/mol)nA/(s-1)
Ozawa方法Kissinger方法
EMD-0.7577.7974.580.992.82×107
EMB-0.7584.7482.301.041.08×106
EMM-0.7591.2688.791.071.91×106
), ArticleFig(id=1304921653071339747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各体系的固化动力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样Ea/(kJ/mol)nA/(s-1)
Ozawa方法Kissinger方法
EMD-0.7577.7974.580.992.82×107
EMB-0.7584.7482.301.041.08×106
EMM-0.7591.2688.791.071.91×106
), ArticleFig(id=1304921653146837220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

DTG and heat deflection temperature data of each system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样T5%/℃Tmax/℃Rmax/(%/℃)C700/%HDT/℃
EMD-0.75372.71451.461.6326.98123.40
EMB-0.75274.46446.381.2758.0476.90
EMM-0.75404.80454.891.7254.95120.40
), ArticleFig(id=1304921653205557477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921645630644381, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各体系的DTG及热变形温度数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样T5%/℃Tmax/℃Rmax/(%/℃)C700/%HDT/℃
EMD-0.75372.71451.461.6326.98123.40
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不同促进剂对环氧酸酐体系预固化及固化物性能影响研究
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曾昆 , 邓莹 , 周鲁直 , 周学翔 , 余传柏 *
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2026,59(7): 23-29
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绝缘材料 |材料研究 2026 , 59 (7) : 23 -29
不同促进剂对环氧酸酐体系预固化及固化物性能影响研究
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曾昆, 邓莹, 周鲁直, 周学翔, 余传柏*
作者信息
  • 桂林理工大学 材料科学与工程学院,广西 桂林 541004
通讯作者:
余传柏(1978-),男(汉族),江西九江人,教授,研究方向为环氧树脂的阻燃、增韧和导热等改性研究及应用。
作者简介:

曾昆(2000-),男(汉族),云南曲靖人,硕士生,主要从事环氧树脂无卤阻燃的研究

Study on effects of different accelerators on pre-curing and properties of anhydride-epoxy system
Kun Zeng, Ying Deng, Luzhi Zhou, Xuexiang Zhou, Chuanbai Yu*
Affiliations
  • College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
出版时间: 2026-07-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.003
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为研究不同促进剂及其用量对环氧树脂酸酐体系(EP/MTHPA)预固化及固化物性能的影响,本研究采用DMP-30、N,N-二甲基苯胺和N,N-二甲基苄胺3种促进剂,分别在不同固化剂用量下制备EP/MTHP固化物,研究各体系的预固化性能和固化物的力学性能、热稳定性及电学性能。结果表明:促进剂用量为0.75 g时,树脂体系黏度变化更适宜生产,其中EP/MTHPA/DMP-30体系展现出优异的综合性能,其聚合活化能最低为74.58 kJ/mol,热变形温度达到123.40℃,弯曲模量、弯曲强度、冲击强度分别为123.6 MPa、2.9 GPa、14.8 kJ/m2,体积电阻达到9.6×1016 Ω·cm。

环氧树脂  /  酸酐  /  固化动力学  /  促进剂

To investigate the effects of different accelerators and their dosage on the pre-curing and cured properties of epoxy resin/anhydride systems (EP/MTHPA), this study employed three accelerators—DMP-30, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-dimethylbenzylamine—to prepare EP/MTHPA cured products at different curing agent dosages. The pre-curing behavior of the resin system and the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrical properties of the cured materials were studied. The results show that when the accelerator dosage is 0.75 g, the viscosity variation of the resin system is more suitable for production process control. Among them, the EP/MTHPA/DMP-30 system exhibits excellent comprehensive performance, with the lowest polymerization activation energy of 74.58 kJ/mol, a heat deflection temperature reaching 123.40℃, a flexural modulus, flexural strength, and impact strength of 123.6 MPa, 2.9 GPa, and 14.8 kJ/m2, respectively, and a volume resistivity of 9.6×10¹⁶ Ω·cm.

epoxy resin  /  anhydride  /  curing kinetics  /  accelerator
曾昆, 邓莹, 周鲁直, 周学翔, 余传柏. 不同促进剂对环氧酸酐体系预固化及固化物性能影响研究. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (7) : 23 -29 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.003
Kun Zeng, Ying Deng, Luzhi Zhou, Xuexiang Zhou, Chuanbai Yu. Study on effects of different accelerators on pre-curing and properties of anhydride-epoxy system[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (7) : 23 -29 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.003
环氧树脂(EP)以其优异的力学性能、耐化学腐蚀性、电绝缘性以及粘接能力,广泛应用于涂料、胶粘剂、复合材料等领域。目前,环氧树脂固化体系主要分为胺类和酸酐类,酸酐类固化剂在固化过程中往往释放的热量较少,固化收缩率较低,电绝缘性能优异,常用于制造高压电力设备绝缘器件[1-2]
环氧酸酐体系在固化时,通常需要较高的固化温度及较长的固化时间。因此,一般在体系中添加一定量的固化促进剂以提高体系的反应活性,加速固化过程,使固化条件更温和[3-5]。促进剂的结构和用量会对固化反应速率及固化物性能产生影响,因此选用与特定环氧酸酐体系相匹配的促进剂对改善固化物性能具有重要意义[6-7]。Han Yufeng等[8]研究发现2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚(DMP-30)可以显著提高环氧酸酐体系的固化反应速率,DMP-30质量分数为1.5%的树脂体系在80℃下可在最短的时间内完全固化。随着温度的升高,体系的固化程度明显提升,固化时间缩短。H Möllers等[9]研究表明N,N-二甲基苄胺作为促进剂加入环氧酸酐体系时,固化反应的活化能会随其浓度增加而降低。Gou Haolan等[10]通过封装三苯基膦开发了一种应用在环氧酸酐体系的潜在促进剂。该促进剂基于有机-无机杂化机制提高了热固性环氧树脂的玻璃化转变温度,并具有增韧作用。
环氧酸酐体系适合在湿法缠绕成型工艺中作浸渍树脂[11]。但在实际使用中,因其树脂体系黏度变化,湿法缠绕成型过程存在明显的滴胶和浸渍使用期等问题。为解决该问题,需要进一步研究环氧酸酐固化体系的性能影响因素,特别是促进剂的影响。本文使用不同用量、不同类型促进剂研究其对环氧酸酐体系预固化性能及固化后材料性能的影响。
2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚(DMP-30)、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺,均为分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐(MTHPA),分析纯,武汉欣欣佳丽生物科技有限公司;双酚A型环氧树脂(EP),工业纯,中国石油化工集团巴陵石油化工有限公司。
取100 g EP,分别称取0.5、0.75、1.0 g促进剂和83 g MTHPA进行混合,具体配方见表1。首先将MTHPA和促进剂加入到三口烧瓶中,在40℃条件下搅拌2 h充分混匀,然后将EP加入到混合液中,升温到60℃并充分混合45 min,随后真空搅拌,脱泡15 min,最后将混合的树脂胶液浇注到预先处理好的模具中,按照80℃/1 h+100℃/2 h+120℃/3 h+150℃/6 h的程序进行固化。
使用数显黏度测试仪(NDJ-5S型,上海方瑞仪器有限公司)测试各体系在60℃恒温条件下黏度随时间的变化情况;使用热变形维卡试验机(VTM 1400型,深圳三思纵横科技股份有限公司)测试各树脂体系固化物的热变形温度,样条尺寸为80 mm×10 mm×4 mm;使用差示扫描量热仪(DSC 204HP型,TA公司)分析树脂在30~300℃、N2氛围及不同加热速率条件下的固化动力学及相变特性;使用万能试验机(AG-150K型,深圳三思纵横科技股份有限公司),根据GB/T 1843—2008测试各体系固化物的弯曲强度和弯曲模量,试样尺寸为120 mm×12 mm×3.2 mm;使用摆式冲击试验机(TCJ型,泰和试验机有限公司)根据ASTMD 790-2009e1进行冲击强度测定,试样尺寸为80 mm×10 mm×4 mm;使用热重分析仪(Q500型,TA公司)测试环氧树脂在30~700℃的热稳定性及热分解行为,N2气氛,升温速率为10℃/min;使用动态热机械分析仪(DMA Q800型,TA公司)测定各体系的储能模量、损耗因子,试样尺寸为40 mm×4 mm×3 mm;使用高阻计(PC68型,上海第六电表厂有限公司)根据GB/T 1410—2006测试各树脂体系的体积电阻率。
随着固化反应的进行,环氧酸酐体系的固化交联程度提升,黏度逐步提高。而浸渍树脂在施工过程中应具有适当的黏度和流动性[8]。合适的黏度不仅有利于生产施工和浸胶,而且可以提高加工效率,降低成本[12]。参考相关企业实际浸胶的施工温度,设定在60℃恒温条件下,记录各树脂体系固化过程中黏度随时间的变化,如图1所示。
图1可以看出,各树脂体系初始黏度约为70 mPa·s,在测定时间范围内,各体系黏度均随时间的增加而增大,当黏度达到300 mPa·s左右时开始剧烈提升。其中促进剂用量为1.0 g时,各体系黏度达到300 mPa·s仅需2 h左右;而当促进剂用量为0.75 g时,体系黏度达到300 mPa·s需要3 h左右;促进剂用量为0.5 g时,则需更长时间。
针对不同施工条件下树脂体系黏度的要求也有区别,缠绕成型工艺中特别强调树脂黏度必须控制在一定范围内(200~800 mPa·s)[13],以此保证缠绕成型过程中纤维丝束能完全浸渍。对于环氧树脂浇注成型工艺而言,通常浇注树脂的黏度在100~1 000 mPa·s范围内,真空环境下更低的黏度利于树脂流动和填充到模具区域,黏度大小直接影响浇注过程中树脂的流动性、浸胶量和固化制品的质量。从图1还可以看出,随着促进剂用量的增加,树脂黏度保持在上述范围的时间更短,不利于生产施工。而促进剂用量为0.75 g时,环氧酸酐体系的黏度变化对不同的生产工艺都提供了较为充分的加工时间,因此后续选用不同促进剂用量为0.75 g的环氧酸酐体系进行研究。
图2是在不同升温条件下,促进剂为0.75 g时各树脂体系的DSC曲线。从图2可以看出,各体系在不同升温速率条件下均只有一个固化放热峰,表现出相近的固化行为,且随着加热速率的提高,DSC曲线峰值逐渐向右移。这是因为在一个温度下固化时间较短时,固化反应会积累到较高温度下继续进行,从而导致曲线向高温方向移动[14]
采用DSC非等温条件对各体系的固化动力学进行研究。固化动力学参数及反应方程基于以下假设[9,15]:①反应中产生的热量源于固化交联反应,放热量与交联程度成正比;②固化反应过程中的反应速率与热流速率成正比,如式(1)所示。
dαdt=dHdt1H
式(1)中:ΔH为整个固化反应的放热量;dH/dt为热流速率;dα/dt为固化反应速率。
基于以上假设,建立了许多固化反应动力学数学模型用于环氧树脂固化反应动力学参数的计算。其中,Ozawa方程(式(2))和Kissinger方程(式(3))是两种较常用的理论计算动力学模型,用于计算环氧树脂固化的活化能(Ea)、频率因子(A)和反应级数(n)等参数,如式(4)所示。
lnβ=-1.052EaRTp+C
lnβTp2=lnAREa-EaRTp
lnβ=-EanRTp
式(2)~(4)中:β为恒定的加热速率,℃/min;Tp为最大峰值温度,℃;R为气体常数,其值为8.314 J/(mol·℃);A为频率因子,s-1Ea为聚合活化能, J/mol;C为常数;n为反应级数。
式(2)和式(3)均是利用微分处理的方法对热分析曲线进行动力学分析,因此无需提前知道固化体系的反应机理,可以避免由于反应机理的不同而带来的实验误差[14,16]。这两种方法简单方便,仅需通过DSC曲线中不同升温速率下的最大放热峰值温度代入式(2)和式(3)中,进行拟合作图,并通过线性拟合所得曲线,便可求出EaAn。其中Ea是固化反应能够进行且满足体系所要求的最低能量,其数值大小反映树脂体系固化反应的难易程度,Ea值越小,固化反应越容易进行;n描述的是树脂体系固化反应的复杂程度,可用于分析不同促进剂对树脂体系反应机制的影响;A是仅由反应本身决定,与反应温度及体系中物质浓度无关的常数,代表反应碰撞频率及合适取向的概率大小。
图3展示了由Kissinger和Ozawa方法拟合的曲线,计算得到的EaAn总结于表2。从图3表2可以看出,两种方法得到的结果基本一致。相比之下,EP/MTHPA/DMP-30体系的聚合活化能最低,对温度的要求更低,更容易反应。同时其频率因子也高于其余体系,表明该体系具有更高的反应碰撞频率,这是因为DMP-30中含有的酚羟基催化效果要优于叔胺。
通过热变形温度及热重分析测试,对各树脂体系热稳定性进行研究,结果如表3所示,并绘制TGA和DTG曲线如图4所示。主要参数包括试样质量损失5%时的温度(T5%)、最大质量损失时的温度(Tmax)、热变形温度(HDT)、最大分解速率(Rmax)和残留率(C700)。从表3图4可以看出,EMM-0.75具有最高的初始热分解温度,但其分解速率快且残留率低;EMB-0.75残留率高,分解速率慢,但热变形温度低;EMD-0.75热变形温度高达123.40℃,相较于EMM-0.75残留率更高,分解速率更低。综合上述结果来看,EP/MTHPA/DMP-30体系具有较高的热分解温度,较低的热分解速率以及更高的残留率和热变形温度,展现出优异的综合热性能。
通过DMA研究各体系的热机械性能,得到各体系损耗因子(tanδ)与储能模量(E′)随温度的变化曲线,如图5所示。tanδ的峰值温度常被用作材料玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的判断依据之一,E′则可用于表征材料抵抗形变能力的大小。普遍认为树脂的交联密度(Ve)会影响E′及Tg,可通过式(5)计算交联密度[17]
Ve=E′/3RT
式(5)中:TTg+30 K时对应的温度,K;E′为Tg+30 K时对应的储能模量,MPa。
图5(a)可以看出,所有体系均是一步降解行为,说明促进剂的种类并不会改变环氧树脂的热分解行为。根据图5可知,EMB-0.75的Tg为105.80℃,初始模量达到2 021 MPa,交联密度仅为1 729 mol/m3,其抗形变能力弱,这与热变形温度测试的结果趋势相同。其初始模量较高,推测是由于交联网络中存在较强的物理相互作用,从而提高了环氧树脂的刚性[18]
EMD-0.75的Tg为143.08℃,初始模量和交联密度分别达到1 561 MPa和2 862 mol/m3,表明该体系具有完善的交联网格结构及良好的热机械性能。EMM-0.75也具有优异的交联网络及热机械性能,其中交联密度达到3 389 mol/m3Tg提升到145.70℃。
通过简支梁冲击和三点弯曲测试对各体系材料的力学性能进行研究,结果如图6所示。从图6可以看出,EMB-0.75的弯曲强度、冲击强度最低,这可能与其交联密度低有关。而EMD-0.75固化后树脂的弯曲模量、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别为123.6 MPa、2.9 GPa和14.8 kJ/m2,其冲击强度最高,且弯曲性能与EMM-0.75相差不大。因此EP/MTHPA/DMP-30体系在力学性能及动态热机械性能方面综合来看最为优异。
使用高阻计测得各体系材料的体积电阻率,结果如图7所示。从图7可以看出,各体系的体积电阻均能达到9×1016 Ω·cm,说明在0.75 g的用量下,促进剂的种类对其电绝缘性能的影响较小。
本文探究了DMP-30、N,N-二甲基苯胺及N,N-二甲基苄胺3种固化促进剂在不同添加量的情况下对环氧树脂酸酐体系预固化行为及固化物性能的影响,得到主要结论如下:
(1)在促进剂为0.75 g时,各体系预固化阶段黏度变化较适宜施工,为浸渍和湿法缠绕等工艺提供了充分的施工窗口。固化动力学研究表明,EP/MTHPA/DMP-30体系的聚合活化能仅为74.58 kJ/mol,表明其反应能垒低、固化条件温和。
(2)针对各体系在0.75 g促进剂条件下的固化物进行研究,EP/MTHPA/DMP-30体系展现出优异的综合性能,其热变形温度达到123.40℃,残留率及分解速率优异,具备均衡的高温稳定性与抗热分解能力。冲击强度为14.8 kJ/m2,较另外两个体系提高了26.5%与16.5%,且体积电阻达到9.6×1016 Ω·cm。相较于使用N,N-二甲基苯胺和N,N-二甲基苄胺固化促进剂的体系,使用DMP-30的体系固化物的综合性能更为出色,更适合浸渍和湿法缠绕产品的制备。

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2026年第59卷第7期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.07.003
  • 接收时间:2025-07-28
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28
  • 修回日期:2025-09-16
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    桂林理工大学 材料科学与工程学院,广西 桂林 541004

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余传柏(1978-),男(汉族),江西九江人,教授,研究方向为环氧树脂的阻燃、增韧和导热等改性研究及应用。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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