Article(id=1304921620003443289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921585991836085, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.08.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751472000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-03, revisedDate=1758816000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047158479, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1787155200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047158479, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047158479, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047158479, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304921585991836085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787155200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047150370, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789117776362, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305217812939698326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921585991836085, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305217812939698327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921585991836085, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=20, endPage=27, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304921620393513562, articleId=1304921620003443289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Research on enhanced energy storage performances of polyvinylidene fluoride-based all-organic composite dielectrics based on intermolecular electrostatic attraction, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aims to enhance the dielectric energy storage performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite dielectrics. A new type of all-organic composite dielectric film (P-M) was prepared by filling different mass fraction of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) into PVDF by simple physical blending. The electric strength, energy storage density, and energy efficiency of composite dielectric films were systematically evaluated. Combining theoretical calculations and experimental characterization, the mechanism of electrostatic interactions between PVDF and PMMA molecular chains on energy storage performance of composite dielectric films was analyzed. The results show that the electric strength of the PVDF-based composite dielectric films with a PMMA mass fraction of 40% (P-M40) is 856.2 kV/mm, which is 59.0% higher compared to that of pure PVDF. The maximum energy storage density (Ue) of the P-M40 composite dielectric film is as high as 17.2 J/cm3, which is 40.9% higher than that of pure PVDF, and the charging and discharging efficiency (η) reaches 72.5%. Theoretical calculation reveals that there is an electrostatic interaction between the PVDF and PMMA molecular chains, which can regulate the arrangement and crystallization behavior of the PVDF molecular chains. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis reveal that the introduction of PMMA promots the formation of the low-loss α phase, inhibits the generation of the β phase, and reduces the grain size of PVDF. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the microstructure of the composite dielectric film is denser, and the physical defects such as internal pores significantly decrease. These structural changes increase the carrier transport barrier, suppress the leakage current and conductivity loss, and improve the breakdown and energy storage performance of the composite dielectric film.

, authors=Jialong Li1, Zhichao Ma1, Pengfei Ma1, Huan Hou1, Bin Sheng1, Luyang Duan1, Xiaoxu Liu2, *, Wenchao Zhang3, authorsList=Jialong Li, Zhichao Ma, Pengfei Ma, Huan Hou, Bin Sheng, Luyang Duan, Xiaoxu Liu, Wenchao Zhang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaoxu Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304921624508125813, articleId=1304921620003443289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=基于分子间静电引力提升聚偏氟乙烯基全有机复合介质储能特性研究, columnId=1190369066813591720, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=材料研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文旨在提升聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合介质的介电储能特性。采用简单物理共混的方法,将不同质量分数的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)填充到PVDF中,制备新型全有机复合介质薄膜(P-M),对复合介质薄膜的电气强度、储能密度及能量效率等性能指标进行测试。通过结合理论计算与实验表征,分析PVDF与PMMA分子链间静电引力对复合介质薄膜储能性能的作用机理。结果表明:PMMA质量分数为40%的PVDF基复合介质薄膜(P-M40)电气强度为856.2 kV/mm,较纯PVDF提升了59.0%;P-M40复合介质薄膜的最大储能密度(Ue)高达17.2 J/cm3,较纯PVDF提高了40.9%,并且充放电效率(η)达到了72.5%。理论计算揭示,PVDF与PMMA分子链之间存在静电相互作用,可调控PVDF分子链的排列和结晶行为。傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射分析发现,PMMA的引入促进了低损耗α相的形成,抑制了β相的生成,并减小了PVDF的晶粒尺寸;扫描电子显微镜观察到复合介质薄膜的微观结构更加致密,内部孔隙等物理缺陷明显减少。这些结构变化提高了载流子输运势垒,抑制了漏电流和电导损耗,从而改善了复合介质薄膜的击穿与储能性能。

, authors=李佳龙1, 马智超1, 马鹏飞1, 侯欢1, 盛彬1, 段露阳1, 刘晓旭2, *, 张文超3, authorsList=李佳龙, 马智超, 马鹏飞, 侯欢, 盛彬, 段露阳, 刘晓旭, 张文超, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘晓旭, authorNote=

李佳龙(1989-),男(汉族),山西大同人,讲师,博士,主要从事高电压放电、聚合物基纳米电介质制备及表征等方面的研究

马智超(2002-),男(汉族),山西介休人,硕士生,主要从事高电压放电、聚合物基纳米电介质制备及表征等方面的研究

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刘晓旭(1982-),男(汉族),黑龙江庆安人,教授,博士,主要从事聚合物基复合纳米电介质制备及表征、石墨烯等碳基复合材料制备及其在能量储存中应用等方面的研究。
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李佳龙(1989-),男(汉族),山西大同人,讲师,博士,主要从事高电压放电、聚合物基纳米电介质制备及表征等方面的研究

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李佳龙(1989-),男(汉族),山西大同人,讲师,博士,主要从事高电压放电、聚合物基纳米电介质制备及表征等方面的研究

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(a) PVDF (b) P-M40复合介质

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基于分子间静电引力提升聚偏氟乙烯基全有机复合介质储能特性研究
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李佳龙 1 , 马智超 1 , 马鹏飞 1 , 侯欢 1 , 盛彬 1 , 段露阳 1 , 刘晓旭 2, * , 张文超 3
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2026,59(8): 20-27
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绝缘材料 |材料研究 2026 , 59 (8) : 20 -27
基于分子间静电引力提升聚偏氟乙烯基全有机复合介质储能特性研究
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李佳龙1, 马智超1, 马鹏飞1, 侯欢1, 盛彬1, 段露阳1, 刘晓旭2, *, 张文超3
作者信息
  • 1山西大同大学 机电工程学院,山西 大同 037003
  • 2陕西科技大学 材料科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710021
  • 3哈尔滨理工大学 工程电介质及其应用教育部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
通讯作者:
刘晓旭(1982-),男(汉族),黑龙江庆安人,教授,博士,主要从事聚合物基复合纳米电介质制备及表征、石墨烯等碳基复合材料制备及其在能量储存中应用等方面的研究。
作者简介:

李佳龙(1989-),男(汉族),山西大同人,讲师,博士,主要从事高电压放电、聚合物基纳米电介质制备及表征等方面的研究

马智超(2002-),男(汉族),山西介休人,硕士生,主要从事高电压放电、聚合物基纳米电介质制备及表征等方面的研究

Research on enhanced energy storage performances of polyvinylidene fluoride-based all-organic composite dielectrics based on intermolecular electrostatic attraction
Jialong Li1, Zhichao Ma1, Pengfei Ma1, Huan Hou1, Bin Sheng1, Luyang Duan1, Xiaoxu Liu2, *, Wenchao Zhang3
Affiliations
  • 1College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037003, China
  • 2School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi′an 710021, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
出版时间: 2026-08-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.08.003
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本文旨在提升聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合介质的介电储能特性。采用简单物理共混的方法,将不同质量分数的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)填充到PVDF中,制备新型全有机复合介质薄膜(P-M),对复合介质薄膜的电气强度、储能密度及能量效率等性能指标进行测试。通过结合理论计算与实验表征,分析PVDF与PMMA分子链间静电引力对复合介质薄膜储能性能的作用机理。结果表明:PMMA质量分数为40%的PVDF基复合介质薄膜(P-M40)电气强度为856.2 kV/mm,较纯PVDF提升了59.0%;P-M40复合介质薄膜的最大储能密度(Ue)高达17.2 J/cm3,较纯PVDF提高了40.9%,并且充放电效率(η)达到了72.5%。理论计算揭示,PVDF与PMMA分子链之间存在静电相互作用,可调控PVDF分子链的排列和结晶行为。傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射分析发现,PMMA的引入促进了低损耗α相的形成,抑制了β相的生成,并减小了PVDF的晶粒尺寸;扫描电子显微镜观察到复合介质薄膜的微观结构更加致密,内部孔隙等物理缺陷明显减少。这些结构变化提高了载流子输运势垒,抑制了漏电流和电导损耗,从而改善了复合介质薄膜的击穿与储能性能。

聚偏氟乙烯  /  复合介质  /  储能特性  /  静电引力

This study aims to enhance the dielectric energy storage performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite dielectrics. A new type of all-organic composite dielectric film (P-M) was prepared by filling different mass fraction of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) into PVDF by simple physical blending. The electric strength, energy storage density, and energy efficiency of composite dielectric films were systematically evaluated. Combining theoretical calculations and experimental characterization, the mechanism of electrostatic interactions between PVDF and PMMA molecular chains on energy storage performance of composite dielectric films was analyzed. The results show that the electric strength of the PVDF-based composite dielectric films with a PMMA mass fraction of 40% (P-M40) is 856.2 kV/mm, which is 59.0% higher compared to that of pure PVDF. The maximum energy storage density (Ue) of the P-M40 composite dielectric film is as high as 17.2 J/cm3, which is 40.9% higher than that of pure PVDF, and the charging and discharging efficiency (η) reaches 72.5%. Theoretical calculation reveals that there is an electrostatic interaction between the PVDF and PMMA molecular chains, which can regulate the arrangement and crystallization behavior of the PVDF molecular chains. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis reveal that the introduction of PMMA promots the formation of the low-loss α phase, inhibits the generation of the β phase, and reduces the grain size of PVDF. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the microstructure of the composite dielectric film is denser, and the physical defects such as internal pores significantly decrease. These structural changes increase the carrier transport barrier, suppress the leakage current and conductivity loss, and improve the breakdown and energy storage performance of the composite dielectric film.

PVDF  /  composite dielectric  /  energy storage performances  /  electrostatic attraction
李佳龙, 马智超, 马鹏飞, 侯欢, 盛彬, 段露阳, 刘晓旭, 张文超. 基于分子间静电引力提升聚偏氟乙烯基全有机复合介质储能特性研究. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (8) : 20 -27 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.08.003
Jialong Li, Zhichao Ma, Pengfei Ma, Huan Hou, Bin Sheng, Luyang Duan, Xiaoxu Liu, Wenchao Zhang. Research on enhanced energy storage performances of polyvinylidene fluoride-based all-organic composite dielectrics based on intermolecular electrostatic attraction[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (8) : 20 -27 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.08.003
聚合物基电介质具有良好的可加工性、可扩展性、高绝缘特性和低成本等优点[1-3]。以聚合物为主要原材料制备的介质电容具有高功率密度,已被广泛应用于先进电力电子系统、清洁能源发电、新能源汽车等领域,并在能源收集、能源转换及节能减排等方面具有广阔的应用前景[4-5]。目前商用聚合物电介质以双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)为主,但由于其较低的放电能量密度(1~2 J/cm3)及对工作温度的严格限制(<80℃)[6],已无法满足现代工业的需求。因此,具有高储能特性的聚合物基电介质成为研究热点。
由于聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)具有较高极化强度和相对较高的电气强度(Eb)及易加工等特性,以PVDF为代表的铁电聚合物受到广泛关注。但纯PVDF在较高电场下的剩余极化强度过高,无法实现介质电容储能密度的大幅提升,同样无法满足先进电气设备中高集成化和轻量化等需求。为获得具有优异高温储能特性的聚合物介质,国内外科研人员进行了诸多尝试,将Al2O3、HfO2和TiO2为代表的宽带隙无机纳米填料引入聚合物基体构建复合电介质[7],可显著抑制复合介质的电导损耗[8-9],将聚合物基电介质的放电能量密度和充放电效率提升到新高度,但该策略复杂的制备流程和界面兼容性问题限制了实际应用。近年来也有学者尝试将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)等线性聚合物引入PVDF基体中以提升复合材料的储能性能并简化制备过程。PMMA是一种典型的线性聚合物,其分子主链由碳-碳骨架组成,侧基含有甲基和酯基结构。由于可参与取向极化的极性基团含量有限,其相对介电常数(εr)较低,约为3.0,然而其较低的极化损耗和良好的绝缘性能使其具有较高的电气强度和较低的介质损耗。相比之下,PVDF是一种半结晶铁电聚合物,其-CF2-与-CH2-形成较大的分子偶极矩,因而具有较高的相对介电常数(约为10)和较强的极化能力。但在高电场下,纯PVDF容易产生较大的剩余极化强度和介质损耗,导致充放电过程中的能量损失增加,从而限制其储能效率的提升。有研究通过原位聚合方式制备PVDF/PMMA复合介质,在一定程度上改善其高温储能性能[10];另有工作通过共混设计构建结构稳定的PVDF共聚体系以提升其极化性能与击穿性能[11-13],但相关性能提升的机制仍未完全明确,尤其是分子间的相互作用机制尚未明晰。
在此基础上,本文提出一种基于静电引力调控机制的全有机复合介质设计策略,在PVDF中添加适量高电气强度的PMMA,通过简单物理共混的方法制备新型全有机复合介质薄膜,并对所制备薄膜进行XRD、FTIR、SEM以及介电和储能特性测试,同时通过DFT计算验证分子间相互作用的存在。
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF),购自上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)和无水乙醇,纯度分别为99%和99.8%,均购自天津市富宇精细化工有限公司;无水乙醇和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)均为分析纯(AR)。
纯PVDF介质薄膜的制备:在90℃的油浴环境中,将0.8 g PVDF颗粒加入到盛有8 mL NMP溶剂的血清瓶中,匀速(转速为1 500 r/min)磁力搅拌12 h,使PVDF充分溶解于NMP中,得到PVDF/NMP溶液。待温度降至室温后持续搅拌12 h,获得均匀稳定的胶体。将所得胶体置于真空烘箱中,在0.2 MPa室温环境中静置4 h。将静置后的胶体倾倒至清洁玻璃板表面,设置刮刀刻度为15 μm,匀速刮涂成膜后将玻璃板置于50℃的鼓风干燥箱内干燥24 h,使有机溶剂充分挥发。最后,在清水中脱膜,得到厚度约为12 μm的纯PVDF介质薄膜。
聚偏氟乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PVDF/PMMA,简写为P-M)复合介质薄膜的制备:将质量分数分别为10%、20%、40%的PMMA加入到PVDF/NMP溶液中,重复以上步骤,可得到PMMA质量分数分别为10%、20%、40%的PVDF基复合介质薄膜,分别记为P-M10、P-M20、P-M40。
广角X射线衍射(XRD):利用德国布雷克AXA公司生产的Bruker D8 Advance型X射线衍射仪对所制备纯PVDF及P-M复合介质薄膜的物相结构进行表征,测试温度为室温,采用Cu作为测试靶材,2θ为10°~80°。
傅里叶红外吸收光谱(FTIR):采用日本分光公司生产的JASCO FTIR-6100型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测试所制备的纯PVDF及P-M复合介质薄膜的红外吸收光谱,用来分析所制备样品的分子结构、官能团和化学键。测试温度为室温,测试波数为500~1 000 cm-1
扫描电子显微镜(SEM):采用中国赛默飞世尔科技公司生产的FEI Helios Nanolab600i型扫描电子显微镜表征所制备的纯PVDF及P-M复合介质薄膜的断面形貌。测试前将所有样品在液氮中脆断,并对脆断后裸露的断面进行真空镀铂(Pt)处理。
介电性能测试:利用德国Novocontrol Gmbh公司生产的Alpha-a型宽频介电谱仪对纯PVDF及P-M复合介质薄膜的相对介电常数(εr)、介质损耗因数(tanδ)随频率的变化趋势进行测试。测试前,所有样品的表面真空蒸镀一层直径为9 mm的铝电极,测试频率为100~106 Hz。
击穿性能测试:利用美国PolyK公司设计的CPE1901铁电测试系统,在室温条件下对纯PVDF及P-M复合介质薄膜的击穿性能及电滞回线(P-E loops)进行测试,施加电压为交流电压。为了确保良好的电接触和减少接触电阻,对测试样品两侧均匀蒸镀直径为3 mm的铝电极。为了确保测试结果的可靠性,各样品的击穿测试次数不少于10次,以威布尔分布为理论基础,对测试结果进行统计处理。
PVDF及PMMA分子结构采用Gaussian 16软件包中的密度泛函理论(hybrid DFT)-B3LYP[14-16]函数进行全面优化,H、C、N和O原子则采用了6-311G(d)基组[17]。分散校正采用Grimme的分散校正方法,并结合Becke-Johnson衰减,即D3(BJ)[18]
纯PVDF和P-M复合介质薄膜的相对介电常数(εr)测试结果如图1所示。
图1可以看出,纯PVDF在频率为101 Hz时的εr为10.1[19],但添加PMMA后,P-M复合介质薄膜的εr明显降低。P-M20复合介质薄膜在频率为101 Hz时的εr为7.4,PMMA的质量分数增加到40%后,P-M40复合介质薄膜在频率为101 Hz时的εr为5.0,较纯PVDF降低了50%。这是由于PMMA作为典型线性电介质,其εr为3.0左右[21],而PVDF的εr为10.0左右,根据有效介质理论[20],与PMMA复合后介质的介电常数必然有所降低。此外,PVDF与PMMA分子链间发生的相互作用也可能改变复合介质的极化机制,进而引起介电常数的降低。
图2为纯PVDF及P-M复合介质薄膜的介质损耗因数(tanδ)测试结果。
图2可以看出,P-M复合介质薄膜的介质损耗因数较纯PVDF明显减小,纯PVDF在频率为101 Hz时的tanδ为0.135 2,当PMMA质量分数为40%时,P-M40复合介质薄膜在频率为101 Hz时的tanδ仅为0.032,与纯PVDF相比降低了75.6%。出现这种现象可能是由于PMMA的引入改变了PVDF分子链原本的结晶状态,这种分子链间的相互作用抑制了高频段下PVDF的极化弛豫过程所致。
图3为纯PVDF和P-M复合介质薄膜电气强度(Eb)的威布尔分布。
图3可以看出,纯PVDF的Eb为539.60 kV/mm,该值与文献报道一致[21]。添加PMMA之后,P-M复合介质薄膜的Eb明显增加,展现出更优异的绝缘特性。P-M40复合介质薄膜的Eb达到了856.20 kV/mm,较纯PVDF增加了59%。
为评价复合介质薄膜的储能特性,对纯PVDF和P-M复合介质薄膜在不同电场下的电滞回线(P-E)进行测试,结果如图4所示。从图4可以看出,各样品可承受的最高电场与图3中的Eb测试结果相一致。其中,P-M40复合介质薄膜在外加电场为840 kV/mm时仍没有发生击穿,此时其Pmax(最大极化强度)达到了7.95 μC/cm2,而Pr(剩余极化强度)仅为1.02 μC/cm2,展现出优异的储能特性。
根据式(1)对不同复合介质薄膜在不同电场强度下的电滞回线进行积分,得到其放电能量密度(Ue),再基于式(2)可计算其充放电效率(η),计算结果分别如图5图6所示[22-23]
Ue=DrDmaxEdD, D=P+ε0E
η=UeUe+Uloss×100%
式(1)~(2)中:E为施加电场强度;D为电位移;Dr为剩余电位移;Dmax为最大电位移;P为极化强度;ε0为真空介电常数;取值为8.85×10-12 F/m;Uloss为损耗能量密度。
图5图6可以看出,纯PVDF的Ue在外加电场为520 kV/mm时达到最大值(12.2 J/cm3),但由于在高电场下泄漏电流的急剧增加[24],其η仅为37.7%。与纯PVDF相比,P-M复合介质薄膜的Ue均明显增加,且P-M40复合介质薄膜的η均可保持在>70%的高标准范围。其中,添加PMMA质量分数为40%的P-M40复合介质薄膜在外加电场为840 kV/mm时的Ue可达到17.2 J/cm3,比纯PVDF提高了41.0%,并且η可达到72.5%,较纯PVDF提高了92.3%,P-M40复合介质薄膜表现出卓越的储能特性。
为探索添加PMMA后复合介质薄膜储能特性大幅提升的相关机理,本文利用DFT方法对PVDF、PMMA分子链的静电势进行计算,计算结果如图7所示。从图7可以看出,PVDF中F原子附近电势偏负,H原子附近电势偏正;PMMA中C=O基团附近电势偏负,H原子附近电势偏正。基于此,两种分子链在对应区域可能形成静电吸引。将PMMA加入到PVDF基体中后,两种分子链间必然存在一定的静电引力,而这种静电引力达到某种稳态或平衡可能是引起复合介质极化与绝缘特性提升的关键因素。
为印证这一猜想,本文首先对纯PVDF、P-M复合介质薄膜进行傅里叶红外吸收光谱(FTIR)表征,结果如图8所示。
图8可以看出,PVDF在波数为763 cm-1和973 cm-1处存在α相CF2弯曲振动和CH2摇摆振动的吸收峰,在波数为837 cm-1处存在β相CH2摇摆振动与CF2不对称拉伸振动的吸收峰[25]。但在加入PMMA后,P-M复合介质薄膜在波数为763 cm-1和973 cm-1α相对应的吸收峰强度明显增强,在波数为837 cm-1β相对应的吸收峰强度显著降低。利用朗伯比尔定律(Lambert-Beer law)可以精确评估P-M复合介质薄膜中β相PVDF的相对含量(F(β))[26],计算公式如式(3)所示。
Fβ=XβXα+Xβ=AβKβ/KαAα+Aβ
式(3)中:AαAβ分别表示波数为763 cm-1和837 cm-1处吸收峰的强度;KαKβ分别为AαAβ的吸收系数,分别取值为Kα=6.1×104 cm2/mol,Kβ=7.7×104 cm2/mol;XαXβ分别为α相和β相的物质的量。
由式(3)计算可得,纯PVDF的F(β)为64.3%,随着PMMA含量的增加,P-M复合介质薄膜的F(β)逐渐降低,当PMMA质量分数为40%时,P-M40复合介质薄膜的F(β)仅为46.8%。结果表明,加入PMMA可诱导α相PVDF的形成,并抑制β相PVDF的形成。
纯PVDF与P-M复合介质薄膜的X射线衍射(XRD)谱图如图9所示。
图9可已看出,各薄膜样品在2θ=20.1°处均出现明显的衍射峰,对应β相PVDF的(110)和(200)晶面。随着PMMA添加量的增加,β相PVDF的(110)/(200)晶面峰的半高峰宽明显增加,当PMMA质量分数为40%时,P-M40复合介质薄膜衍射峰的半高峰宽由纯PVDF的3.97°增加到6.35°。结合谢乐公式(Scherrer equation,式(4))可知,添加PMMA后,P-M复合介质薄膜中β相PVDF的晶粒尺寸明显减小。
R=KλFcosθ
式(4)中:R为晶粒尺寸;K为谢乐常数(K=0.9);λ为X射线波长;F为衍射峰的半高宽(FWHM)。
此外,在2θ=18.4°处α相PVDF(020)晶面对应的衍射峰强度随着PMMA添加量的增加逐渐升高。XRD结果与FTIR结果一致,表明PMMA与PVDF分子链间的静电相互作用扰乱了原本PVDF的结晶方式,更多的PVDF分子链倾向于向极化强度低、电气强度高的α相PVDF进行结晶[27]
将纯PVDF及P-M复合介质薄膜在液氮中脆断,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其表面及内部形貌,结果如图10所示。从图10可以看出,与纯PVDF相比,P-M复合介质薄膜的表面粗糙程度明显减低。同时,P-M复合介质薄膜的断面结构更规整,证明复合介质内部气隙等物理缺陷明显减少。SEM结果表明,在PVDF和PMMA分子链间静电引力的作用下,复合介质薄膜的微观结构更致密。
以上仿真计算结果和表征测试结果表明,受PVDF与PMMA分子链间静电引力的影响,PVDF的结晶行为发生改变,更多的PVDF分子链倾向于结晶为介质损耗低、绝缘性能良好的α相PVDF。此外,这种静电引力可能会在一定程度上降低分子间距,压缩聚合物分子链的弛豫空间,导致其在相同电场作用下更难被极化,提高载流子输运势垒的同时,还可减少复合介质内部的物理缺陷,从而形成致密的微观结构,有效减少潜在的载流子加速通道。因此,P-M复合介质薄膜的极化强度虽有所降低(如图4所示),但介质损耗同时降低,电气强度得以显著提升,使其储能特性得到大幅提升。
为了直观展示本研究制备的复合介质薄膜在储能特性方面的优势,图11中对比了本研究与部分已有文献中典型PVDF基复合介质的储能特性。从图11可以看出,本研究所制备的复合介质在能量密度与储能效率之间表现出良好的平衡,明显优于已有报道的材料体系,进一步验证了本研究在提升PVDF基复合介质储能特性方面的有效性与潜力。
本文介绍一种利用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)粉末提升PVDF储能特性的方法。通过添加适量的PMMA协同提升全有机复合介质的极化强度和电气强度,复合介质的放电能量密度大幅提升至17.2 J/cm3,并能保持较高的充放电效率(>70%)。密度泛函理论仿真计算与XRD、FTIR、SEM以及介电和储能特性测试结果表明,PVDF与PMMA分子间静电引力是实现复合介质储能特性提升的关键。

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2026年第59卷第8期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.08.003
  • 接收时间:2025-07-03
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03
  • 修回日期:2025-09-26
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    1山西大同大学 机电工程学院,山西 大同 037003
    2陕西科技大学 材料科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710021
    3哈尔滨理工大学 工程电介质及其应用教育部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080

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刘晓旭(1982-),男(汉族),黑龙江庆安人,教授,博士,主要从事聚合物基复合纳米电介质制备及表征、石墨烯等碳基复合材料制备及其在能量储存中应用等方面的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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