Article(id=1304921558741439457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758124800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-18, revisedDate=1760889600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047143873, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1773936000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047143873, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047143873, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047143873, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304921526004904728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773936000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047136068, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789118116024, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305219237560217894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305219237560217895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=31, endPage=39, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304921559190229986, articleId=1304921558741439457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Performance optimization of LLDPE non-crosslinked semiconductive shielding materials via EBA addition, columnId=1304921526780850970, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Special Issue on Low-carbon Environmental Protection Advanced Insulation Materials, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study systematically investigated the effect of the type and content of ethylene-butyl acrylate (EBA) copolymer on the properties of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)-based non-crosslinked semiconductive shielding materials. A series of shielding material samples were prepared, and their physicochemical properties, volume resistivity, and mechanical performance were characterized. The results show that the incorporation of EBA significantly improves the processability and electrical conductivity of the shielding material. When the mass fraction of EBA in the matrix resin increases from 0 to 15%, the melt flow index of the shielding materila increases from 0.95 g/10 min to 1.15 g/10 min, while the volume resistivity decreases from 11.68 Ω·cm to 8.69 Ω·cm. However, the addition of EBA also leads to reduction in crystallinity and mechanical properties of the shielding material. Among the samples modified by different types of EBA, the 35BA40-modified sample exhibits optimal electrical conductivity and processing flowability, whereas the E2770-modified sample shows superior mechanical performance.

, authors=Xin YU1, Bowen LI2, *, Yazhou FAN1, Ji WU1, Hong ZHANG2, Yinge LI1, Jinghui GAO2, authorsList=Xin YU, Bowen LI, Yazhou FAN, Ji WU, Hong ZHANG, Yinge LI, Jinghui GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bowen LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304921562507923458, articleId=1304921558741439457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=基于EBA添加的LLDPE非交联半导电屏蔽料性能优化, columnId=1304921527053480732, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=低碳环保先进绝缘材料专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文系统研究了乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA)的类型与含量对线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)基非交联半导电屏蔽料性能的影响。制备了一系列屏蔽料样品,并测试了其理化性能、体积电阻率及力学性能。结果表明:EBA的引入显著改善了屏蔽料的加工性与导电性,当基体树脂中的EBA质量分数从0增至15%时,屏蔽料的熔融指数从0.95 g/10 min提升至1.15 g/10 min,体积电阻率从11.68 Ω·cm降至8.69 Ω·cm。然而,EBA的加入会导致屏蔽料的结晶度和力学性能下降。在添加不同类型EBA的屏蔽料的样品中,添加35BA40的样品表现出最优的导电性和加工流动性,而添加E2770的样品在力学性能方面更具优势。

, authors=余欣1, 李博闻2, *, 范亚洲1, 吴吉1, 张宏2, 李银格1, 高景晖2, authorsList=余欣, 李博闻, 范亚洲, 吴吉, 张宏, 李银格, 高景晖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李博闻, authorNote=

余欣(1989-),女(汉族),陕西汉中人,正高级工程师,主要从事电力电缆及输电线路技术的研究

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李博闻(2002-),男(汉族),湖北宜昌人,硕士生,主要从事电力电缆绝缘材料的研究。
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余欣(1989-),女(汉族),陕西汉中人,正高级工程师,主要从事电力电缆及输电线路技术的研究

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余欣(1989-),女(汉族),陕西汉中人,正高级工程师,主要从事电力电缆及输电线路技术的研究

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Study on the influence of EBA ester content on the properties of cable shielding material[J]. Insulating Materials,2025,58(10):43-50., articleTitle=Study on the influence of EBA ester content on the properties of cable shielding material, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304921577208959115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=40, issue=15, pageStart=1637, pageEnd=1643, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=29, authorNames=AYUSH B, FRANCIS M M, journalName=Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Phy-sics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AYUSH B, FRANCIS M M. Determination of the crystallinity of polyethylene/α-olefin copolymers by thermal analysis: relationship of the heat of fusion of 100% polyethylene crystal and the density[J]. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Phy-sics,2002,40(15):1637-1643., articleTitle=Determination of the crystallinity of polyethylene/α-olefin copolymers by thermal analysis: relationship of the heat of fusion of 100% polyethylene crystal and the density, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304921577267679372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=30, authorNames=全国电线电缆标准化技术委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=全国电线电缆标准化技术委员会.额定电压66 kV(Um=72.5 kV)和110 kV(Um=126 kV)交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆及其附件 第2部分:电缆:GB/T 11017.2—2024[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304921577338982542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Technical Committee 213 on Electric Cables and Wires of Standardization Administration of China. Power cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation and their accessories for rated voltage of 66 kV (Um=72.5 kV) and 110 kV (Um=126 kV) — Part 2: power cables:GB/T 11017.2—2024[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press,2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1304921562734415875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304921562742804484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, companyId=1304921562734415875, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304921562751193093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, companyId=1304921562734415875, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广东电网有限公司电力科学研究院 广东省电力装备可靠性企业重点实验室,广东 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Model types and performance parameters of EBA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号BA质量分数/%熔融指数(190℃, 2.16 kg)/(g/10 min)拉伸强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%
E1715171.517830
E2770277.07.7600
35BA4035402600
), ArticleFig(id=1304921571286601815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

EBA型号及其性能参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号BA质量分数/%熔融指数(190℃, 2.16 kg)/(g/10 min)拉伸强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%
E1715171.517830
E2770277.07.7600
35BA4035402600
), ArticleFig(id=1304921572054159448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Shielding material formula with different EBA content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号基体树脂中的EBA质量分数/%屏蔽料中的质量分数/%
LLDPEEBACBEBS抗氧剂300
1#067.50003020.5
2#564.1253.3753020.5
3#1060.7506.7503020.5
4#1557.37510.1253020.5
), ArticleFig(id=1304921572477784154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同EBA含量的屏蔽料配方

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号基体树脂中的EBA质量分数/%屏蔽料中的质量分数/%
LLDPEEBACBEBS抗氧剂300
1#067.50003020.5
2#564.1253.3753020.5
3#1060.7506.7503020.5
4#1557.37510.1253020.5
), ArticleFig(id=1304921572570058843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

DSC characterization parameters of shielding materials with different EBA contents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号熔融峰温度Tm/℃熔融焓∆Hm/(J/g)结晶度/%结晶峰温度TC/℃结晶焓∆HC/(J/g)
1#124.0467.3233.47111.7171.52
2#123.6962.4731.06111.7569.24
3#123.2161.6230.64111.7165.36
4#123.4958.9029.29111.7864.97
), ArticleFig(id=1304921572893020252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同EBA含量屏蔽料DSC表征参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号熔融峰温度Tm/℃熔融焓∆Hm/(J/g)结晶度/%结晶峰温度TC/℃结晶焓∆HC/(J/g)
1#124.0467.3233.47111.7171.52
2#123.6962.4731.06111.7569.24
3#123.2161.6230.64111.7165.36
4#123.4958.9029.29111.7864.97
), ArticleFig(id=1304921573018849373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Shielding material formula of different EBA types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号基体树脂中的EBA类型与质量分数屏蔽料的质量分数/%
LLDPEEBACBEBS抗氧剂300
3#10% E277060.7506.7503020.5
5#15.9% E171556.77910.7213020.5
6#7.7% 35BA4062.2935.2073020.5
), ArticleFig(id=1304921573375365215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同EBA类型的屏蔽料配方

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号基体树脂中的EBA类型与质量分数屏蔽料的质量分数/%
LLDPEEBACBEBS抗氧剂300
3#10% E277060.7506.7503020.5
5#15.9% E171556.77910.7213020.5
6#7.7% 35BA4062.2935.2073020.5
), ArticleFig(id=1304921573757046880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

DSC characterization parameters of shielding materials with different EBA types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号熔融峰温度Tm/℃熔融焓∆Hm/(J/g)结晶度/%结晶峰温度TC/℃结晶焓∆HC/(J/g)
3#123.2161.6230.64111.7165.36
5#123.0256.5428.11111.7564.11
6#123.3863.2631.46111.7466.21
), ArticleFig(id=1304921573840932962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921558741439457, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同EBA类型屏蔽料DSC表征参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号熔融峰温度Tm/℃熔融焓∆Hm/(J/g)结晶度/%结晶峰温度TC/℃结晶焓∆HC/(J/g)
3#123.2161.6230.64111.7165.36
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基于EBA添加的LLDPE非交联半导电屏蔽料性能优化
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余欣 1 , 李博闻 2, * , 范亚洲 1 , 吴吉 1 , 张宏 2 , 李银格 1 , 高景晖 2
绝缘材料 | 低碳环保先进绝缘材料专题 2026,59(3): 31-39
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绝缘材料 |低碳环保先进绝缘材料专题 2026 , 59 (3) : 31 -39
基于EBA添加的LLDPE非交联半导电屏蔽料性能优化
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余欣1, 李博闻2, *, 范亚洲1, 吴吉1, 张宏2, 李银格1, 高景晖2
作者信息
  • 1广东电网有限公司电力科学研究院 广东省电力装备可靠性企业重点实验室,广东 广州 510080
  • 2西安交通大学 电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049
通讯作者:
李博闻(2002-),男(汉族),湖北宜昌人,硕士生,主要从事电力电缆绝缘材料的研究。
作者简介:

余欣(1989-),女(汉族),陕西汉中人,正高级工程师,主要从事电力电缆及输电线路技术的研究

Performance optimization of LLDPE non-crosslinked semiconductive shielding materials via EBA addition
Xin YU1, Bowen LI2, *, Yazhou FAN1, Ji WU1, Hong ZHANG2, Yinge LI1, Jinghui GAO2
Affiliations
  • 1Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi′an 710049, China
出版时间: 2026-03-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.004
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本文系统研究了乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA)的类型与含量对线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)基非交联半导电屏蔽料性能的影响。制备了一系列屏蔽料样品,并测试了其理化性能、体积电阻率及力学性能。结果表明:EBA的引入显著改善了屏蔽料的加工性与导电性,当基体树脂中的EBA质量分数从0增至15%时,屏蔽料的熔融指数从0.95 g/10 min提升至1.15 g/10 min,体积电阻率从11.68 Ω·cm降至8.69 Ω·cm。然而,EBA的加入会导致屏蔽料的结晶度和力学性能下降。在添加不同类型EBA的屏蔽料的样品中,添加35BA40的样品表现出最优的导电性和加工流动性,而添加E2770的样品在力学性能方面更具优势。

非交联聚乙烯基屏蔽料  /  乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA)  /  熔融指数  /  体积电阻率  /  力学性能

This study systematically investigated the effect of the type and content of ethylene-butyl acrylate (EBA) copolymer on the properties of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)-based non-crosslinked semiconductive shielding materials. A series of shielding material samples were prepared, and their physicochemical properties, volume resistivity, and mechanical performance were characterized. The results show that the incorporation of EBA significantly improves the processability and electrical conductivity of the shielding material. When the mass fraction of EBA in the matrix resin increases from 0 to 15%, the melt flow index of the shielding materila increases from 0.95 g/10 min to 1.15 g/10 min, while the volume resistivity decreases from 11.68 Ω·cm to 8.69 Ω·cm. However, the addition of EBA also leads to reduction in crystallinity and mechanical properties of the shielding material. Among the samples modified by different types of EBA, the 35BA40-modified sample exhibits optimal electrical conductivity and processing flowability, whereas the E2770-modified sample shows superior mechanical performance.

non-crosslinked polyethylene-based shielding material  /  ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer (EBA)  /  melt flow index  /  volume resistivity  /  mechanical properties
余欣, 李博闻, 范亚洲, 吴吉, 张宏, 李银格, 高景晖. 基于EBA添加的LLDPE非交联半导电屏蔽料性能优化. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (3) : 31 -39 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.004
Xin YU, Bowen LI, Yazhou FAN, Ji WU, Hong ZHANG, Yinge LI, Jinghui GAO. Performance optimization of LLDPE non-crosslinked semiconductive shielding materials via EBA addition[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (3) : 31 -39 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.004
凭借优异的电气性能与热性能以及成熟的加工工艺,交联聚乙烯(XLPE)已发展成为覆盖低压至超高压各电压等级、应用最广泛的电缆绝缘材料,在当前电缆工业中占据主流地位[1-2]。XLPE电缆的设计服役寿命一般为30~40年,目前大量XLPE电缆达到甚至超过了服役年限,同时随着“双碳”目标的提出,迫切需要开发可回收环保型电缆绝缘材料[3-4]。热塑性的非交联聚烯烃材料由于低能耗、易回收等环境友好性,成为电缆绝缘材料的研究热点[5-6]。已有研究表明[7],线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混的非交联绝缘材料具有优异的电气性能、力学性能、抗电/热老化性能,是非常有应用前景的绿色环保电缆绝缘材料。
近年来,研究者[8-9]进一步探究了LLDPE与HDPE的共混体系,发现质量分数为70%的LLDPE与质量分数为30%的HDPE改性共混聚乙烯材料形成了最稳定的共晶结构,具有比XLPE更加完善的微晶和均匀的球晶结构,因此在电气和力学性能上具有更优异的温度稳定性。同时,研究表明,70% LLDPE和30%HDPE的共混材料具有比XLPE更优异的抗老化性能[10-11]。但是,作为一种新型的绿色环保电缆绝缘材料,与之相匹配的半导电屏蔽料的研发还缺乏系统的研究,限制了非交联LLDPE/HDPE共混绝缘材料的应用,因此亟待研究与之匹配的非交联电缆半导电屏蔽料,这对非交联聚乙烯绝缘材料的高压及直流应用都有着重要意义。
半导电屏蔽层作为电缆结构中的重要组成部分,在电缆运行时起到均匀界面电场分布等关键作用,其主要由基体树脂、导电填料、分散剂、交联剂及其他加工助剂熔融共混制成[12-13]。目前,XLPE采用的屏蔽料基体主要包括乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer,EBA),乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer,EVA)、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(ethylene ethyl acrylate,EEA)等[14]。其中,EBA具有良好的耐热性、柔韧性及加工适应性,同时导电炭黑粒子在EBA等极性基体材料中的分散性较好,不会发生显著的炭黑团簇现象[15]
作为影响电缆运行的关键因素,半导电屏蔽料应拥有与其应用电压等级相匹配的高电导、超光滑、高韧性等特性,并且能够契合与其适配工作的主绝缘,使电缆在工作周期内安全稳定运行,因此半导电屏蔽料与主绝缘的配合及其基础性能都十分重要[16]。从绝缘匹配和界面相容性的角度,目前非交联聚乙烯屏蔽料采用的基体树脂与非交联聚乙烯绝缘料的基体相同。然而,纯LLDPE的熔融黏度大,在加入导电炭黑后,熔融流动性更差,不利于加工;同时,炭黑在非极性LLDPE中的分散性较差。
为改善非交联聚乙烯屏蔽料的性能,本文从添加乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA)改善线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)基非交联屏蔽料方面入手,利用EBA的极性基团优化导电填料分散性,然后制备屏蔽料样品,系统探究EBA含量及类型对屏蔽料加工性能、导电性能及力学性能的影响。
屏蔽料由基体树脂、导电填料、抗氧剂和其他加工助剂构成[17]。本文主要研究对象是与非交联电缆绝缘料相配合的半导电屏蔽料,因此屏蔽料基料也选择非交联材料,即选用北欧化工生产的FB2230型LLDPE与不同EBA(西班牙雷普索尔生产的E1715型、E2770型和法国阿科玛生产的35BA40型)进行共混作为基体树脂成分。选用导电炭黑(CB,牌号为VXC68,卡博特公司)作为导电填料,同时加入分散剂EBS(牌号为N829520,麦克林公司)、抗氧剂300(牌号为T162247,阿拉丁公司)以改善填料分散性和屏蔽料热稳定性。
EBA的型号通常与其丙烯酸丁酯(BA)含量相关,不同型号对应不同的性能和应用场景。本研究使用的EBA型号及其性能参数如表1所示。
制备屏蔽料样品前,将LLDPE与导电炭黑在烘箱中烘焙12 h备用。以熔融共混法制备屏蔽料,使用转矩流变仪(HAAKE PolyLab OS型,赛默飞公司)进行共混。首先将密炼腔预热到180℃,将按配方称量好的LLDPE、EBA、CB、EBS和抗氧剂初步搅拌使其分散均匀。然后将原料加入已经预热好的密炼腔中,混料的转速设置为50 r/min,温度为180℃,转矩趋于恒定后再混炼15 min,共混总时间约为20 min。最后将屏蔽料从密炼腔中取出,待其冷却后剪碎备用。
将制得的屏蔽料粒料用平板硫化机压制成不同形状和厚度的试样。首先将硫化机预热到180℃,根据试样尺寸称量所需的屏蔽料粒料并放入模具中进行预热,预热压强设为0,预热时间为5 min。预热完成后排气3次以防止试样内部出现小气泡,然后在180℃、10 MPa的条件下热压10 min,热压完成后,将试样冷却至室温取出。
差示扫描量热法(DSC)用于测试材料的熔融结晶峰温度、熔融结晶焓以及结晶度等表征材料熔融和结晶性能的参数。采用差式扫描量热仪(DSC822e型,梅特勒托利多公司)进行测试,设定温度范围为20~200℃,升温速率为10℃/min,测试过程中保持通入流量为60 mL/min的保护气体氮气。
使用熔融体流动速率仪(MFI-2322A型,承德市金建检测仪器有限公司)测试熔融指数(MFI),试验温度为190℃,由于炭黑作为纳米粒子会对材料的流动产生较大的阻碍,载荷质量采用20 kg。每种屏蔽料选取5个样品,计算平均值,得到屏蔽料的熔融指数。
使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM,VE-9800S型,基恩士公司)观察屏蔽料中炭黑分散情况,放大倍数为5 000倍。观测前将厚度为1 mm的屏蔽料在液氮中脆断,形成平整的断面,并对试样断面进行喷金处理。
当试样体积电阻率小于103 Ω·cm时,根据GB/T 1551—2009,采用四电极法测量低电阻率材料的体积电阻率,其原理如图1所示,其中1、4引线接电流表,其内部有电流源提供电流;2、3位置接电压表,测量样品的电压降。通过测量出的电压U和电流I,采用欧姆定律计算样品的电阻率,如式(1)所示。
ρV=UIwtl
式(1)中:w为样品宽度,m;t为样品厚度,m;l为电压表引线间长度,m。
试样尺寸为110 mm×50 mm×1 mm。当测试温度为25~110℃时,需将样品放入恒温烘箱进行测试。
通过拉伸实验可以得到聚合物材料的应力-应变曲线,然后分析拉伸曲线可以得到试样的拉伸性能和弹性模量等参数,反映材料的机械强度和硬度。
采用万能电子拉力机(5kNCMT-4503型,美斯特工业系统(中国)有限公司),参照GB/T 1040.2—2006对屏蔽料进行测试,用冲片机将试样制成标准哑铃型,厚度为1 mm,标距为20 mm。测试前将试样在70℃下退火处理24 h以消除残余应力。拉伸速度为50 mm/min,温度为室温,取10次有效结果的平均值。
选用LLDPE和不同含量的E2770型EBA进行共混作为基体树脂,然后添加导电炭黑、分散剂EBS、抗氧剂300,制备EBA在基体树脂中质量分数分别为0、5%、10%、15%的屏蔽料,样品编号及配方如表2所示。
炭黑在基体树脂中的分散性会直接影响复合材料导电网络的形成,对屏蔽料的体积电阻率和力学性能等有较大影响。图2为不同EBA含量屏蔽料断面的SEM图像,可以观察炭黑在基体树脂中的分布情况,图中白色高亮颗粒状部分为炭黑,黑色部分为基体树脂。从图2可以看出,随着EBA含量的增加,炭黑在屏蔽料中的分布得到显著优化,该优化主要通过两种机制实现:其一是炭黑团聚体数量的减少;其二是残余团聚体规模的减小。具体表现为大规模、连续的团聚体被有效分解为更小、更离散的单元。这两种机制共同促进了炭黑在基体树脂中的均匀分布,从而形成了更多完整且高效的导电通路,最终可提升材料的宏观导电性能。这是因为EBA中的BA为极性基团,与炭黑表面的极性基团通过偶极-偶极相互作用形成较强的界面吸引力,抑制了基体树脂中炭黑的团聚[18]
屏蔽料的基体树脂LLDPE和EBA为半结晶型聚合物,其结晶行为会影响屏蔽料的性能。通过DSC测试EBA含量对屏蔽料结晶行为的影响,不同EBA含量屏蔽料熔融和结晶过程的DSC曲线如图3所示,相关表征参数如表3所示。从图3表3可以看出,屏蔽料的熔融峰温度在123℃左右,并且随着EBA含量的增加,屏蔽料的熔融峰温度略微下降。与不含EBA的样品1#相比,EBA含量最高的样品4#熔融峰温度下降了0.55℃,而结晶峰温度随着EBA含量的增加基本不变。
通过屏蔽料的熔融焓数值,可以计算屏蔽料的结晶度,如式(2)所示。
Xc=HmHm(1-XCB)×100%
式(2)中:Xc为屏蔽料的结晶度,%;Hm为屏蔽料的单位质量熔融焓,J/g;Hm为聚乙烯100%结晶时的单位质量熔融焓,取值为287.3 J/g[19]XCB为炭黑的质量分数,%。
表3可以看出,熔融焓、结晶度和结晶焓随着EBA含量的增加逐渐减小。与屏蔽料样品1#相比,样品4#的结晶度下降了12.5%。加入的EBA会影响LLDPE分子链段规则排列和运动能力,因此EBA含量的增加会使屏蔽料结晶变得困难,而熔融温度会随着EBA含量的增加而降低。
熔融指数是屏蔽料生产过程中的一个重要理化参数,合适的熔融指数值才能确保材料满足高效、稳定的加工要求和可靠的屏蔽效能。采用190℃、20 kg的参数设置,不同EBA含量屏蔽料熔融指数的测试结果如图4所示。从图4可以看出,未添加EBA的屏蔽料熔融指数为0.95 g/10min,添加EBA后,熔融指数显著增大,当基体树脂中的EBA质量分数为5%和10%时,熔融指数分别上升到1.00 g/10 min和1.06 g/10 min;当基体树脂中的EBA质量分数达到15%时,熔融指数显著上升到1.15 g/10 min,相比未添加EBA时增加了0.20 g/10 min,增幅为21.1%。
在炭黑填充的LLDPE基屏蔽复合材料中引入EBA可显著提高体系的熔融指数,这主要归因于EBA的多重作用机制:首先,EBA分子链中的BA单元可有效降低LLDPE分子链的规整度和结晶性,其极性侧基产生分子内增塑效应,扩大了分子链间自由体积,从而增强链段运动能力;其次,EBA中的极性基团与炭黑表面官能团具有较强的相互作用,EBA可优先吸附于炭黑颗粒表面,从而破坏炭黑聚集体形成的三维网络结构,避免炭黑团聚,减轻其对LLDPE分子链运动的约束;此外,EBA作为低熔融黏度的第二相分布于基体中,可形成易于形变的分散相,进一步促进体系在剪切下的流动变形。
图5是屏蔽料常温体积电阻率随EBA含量的变化。从图5可以看出,屏蔽料的体积电阻率随着EBA含量的增加而降低。当基体树脂中的EBA质量分数从0提高到5%时,屏蔽料体积电阻率从11.68 Ω·cm下降到11.64 Ω·cm,下降了0.3%。而当EBA质量分数从5%提高到15%时,材料体积电阻率从11.64 Ω·cm下降到8.69 Ω·cm,下降幅度高达25.3%。
根据导电粒子填充型复合材料的导电理论,电缆半导电屏蔽料为典型的粒子填充型复合材料,当施加电压时,电子通过炭黑形成的导电网络定向迁移形成电流。当EBA含量增加时,炭黑在屏蔽料中分散均匀,炭黑之间相互接触形成的导电通道更加致密完善,导电网络也更多,因此屏蔽料的体积电阻率会下降。
图6是不同EBA含量屏蔽料的体积电阻率随温度的变化。从图6可以看出,4种屏蔽料的体积电阻率都随温度的升高而逐渐增加。半导电屏蔽料作为炭黑填充型复合材料,存在明显的正温度效应(positive temperature coefficient,PTC效应)。这是因为随着温度升高,屏蔽料基体材料会膨胀,炭黑之间距离会增加,破坏由导电填料炭黑组成的导电网络,导致屏蔽料的体积电阻率上升。参照GB/T 11017.2—2024[20],在常温下半导电屏蔽料的体积电阻率应该小于100 Ω·cm,90℃下应小于350 Ω·cm。从图6可以看出,不同EBA含量的屏蔽料均满足该标准。
图7是屏蔽料拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随EBA含量的变化曲线。从图7可以看出,屏蔽料拉伸强度随着EBA含量的增加逐渐减小,但下降幅度不大。当基体树脂中的EBA质量分数从0增加到15%时,拉伸强度从18.12 MPa下降到17.42 MPa,下降了3.9%。屏蔽料断裂伸长率则随着EBA含量的增加有明显下降。当EBA质量分数从0增加到15%时,断裂伸长率从539.2%下降到453.9%,下降了15.8%。但4种屏蔽料均满足GB/T 11017.2—2024规定的110 kV XLPE屏蔽料拉伸强度≥12 MPa、断裂伸长率≥150%要求[20]
结合图67可以看出,当EBA含量增加,炭黑形成的导电网络增多,屏蔽料拉伸强度和断裂伸长率下降。一般来说,聚合物内部的结构是不均匀的,存在相对薄弱的区域。这些区域通常位于材料的晶界或无定型区,分子链排序混乱,分子间缠绕不紧密。并且由于聚合物在结晶过程中存在排渣效应,在晶界和无定型区会产生缺陷。在拉伸过程中,聚合物的断裂通常从其内部的机械薄弱处出现,拉力继续增加最终导致聚合物材料断裂。因此随着EBA含量的增大,屏蔽料的界面缺陷会迅速增大,导致拉伸强度和断裂伸长率降低。
在制备了E2770型EBA在基体树脂中质量分数分别为0、5%、10%、15%的屏蔽料系列样品后,为研究EBA类型对屏蔽料性能的影响,额外制备了分别采用E1715和35BA40型两种EBA的5#、6#屏蔽料样品。为确保变量可控,本研究通过精确计算与配方调整,使这两种屏蔽料中由EBA组分贡献的BA基团总含量与前述系列3#屏蔽料样品中的BA总含量保持一致。具体对应配方与性能数据如表4所示。
不同EBA类型屏蔽料熔融和结晶过程的DSC曲线如图8所示,表征参数如表5所示。
结合图8表5可以看出,不同EBA类型的屏蔽料熔融峰和结晶峰温度基本相同,分别稳定在123℃和111.7℃左右。含E1715型EBA的屏蔽料样品5#结晶度最低,其值为28.11%,含35BA40型EBA的样品6#结晶度最高,其值为31.46%。
在固定屏蔽料中BA总含量的前提下,调节EBA的类型对于聚乙烯结晶度的抑制效应出现差异。这主要是因为高BA含量、低分子量的EBA(如35BA40)所需添加质量较少,同时其分子链段较短,缠结效应弱,对LLDPE链段运动的限制作用较为有限,所以对结晶度的抑制程度相对最低;而低BA含量、高分子量的EBA(如E1715)所需添加质量较多,高分子量和高添加量共同作用形成一个贯穿整体的缠结网络,对结晶的影响相对较大。
图9是不同EBA类型屏蔽料的熔融指数测试结果。
图9可以看出,高熔融指数的35BA40型EBA增塑效应明显,大幅降低了体系的黏度,样品6#熔融指数提升至1.09 g/10 min;而样品5#中大量添加的E1715型EBA长链形成了缠结网络,削弱了BA基团的增塑效应,熔融指数较样品3#减小至0.97 g/10 min,对加工性能的改变不明显。
图10是不同类型EBA屏蔽料的体积电阻率随温度的变化。从图10可以看出,样品3#在不同温度下的体积电阻率均最大,样品6#的体积电阻率均最小。说明在30%的高炭黑添加量下,35BA40型EBA可能由于其高极性吸附炭黑,诱导局部团聚,形成了更强的导电网络,因此体积电阻率最小。而含有E2770型EBA的屏蔽料对炭黑导电网络的优化能力相对较弱。
图11是不同类型EBA屏蔽料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率测试结果。从图11可以看出,当基体树脂中BA含量相同时,样品3#的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最高,分别为17.078 MPa和502.8%,样品6#的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最低,分别为16.345 MPa和480.8%。而含E1715的样品5#力学性能则介于含E2770和含35BA40的屏蔽料样品之间。不同EBA类型屏蔽料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均满足GB/T 11017.2—2024中的规定值[20]
力学性能的差异主要源于3种EBA在炭黑与LLDPE基体间界面相容性的不同。E1715虽通过高添加量与基体形成物理缠结,但与炭黑的相互作用相对较差,界面结合较弱;而35BA40则因为强极性对炭黑的吸附,易形成力学薄弱点,所以性能降低最显著。
本文以LLDPE为基体树脂,加入EBA改性,并根据配比加入一定量的导电炭黑、分散剂和抗氧剂,通过改变EBA的类型和含量,制备了多种非交联聚乙烯屏蔽料。研究了不同屏蔽料的加工性能、导电性能及力学性能,并分析了EBA含量及类型对非交联聚乙烯屏蔽料整体性能的影响,得到如下结论:
(1)EBA含量增加会显著改善屏蔽料的加工性能与导电性能,但会降低其力学性能。当E2770型EBA含量从0增至15%时,屏蔽料的熔融指数从0.95 g/10 min升至1.15 g/10 min,增幅为21.1%;体积电阻率从11.68 Ω·cm降至8.69 Ω·cm,降幅为25.6%。而结晶度从33.47%降至29.29%,拉伸强度从18.12 MPa降至17.42 MPa,断裂伸长率从539.2%降至453.9%。
(2)EBA类型对屏蔽料的性能影响显著。添加35BA40型EBA的样品具有最优导电性,体积电阻率最低,且显著改善加工性能,熔融指数为1.09 g/10 min;添加E2770型EBA的样品综合力学性能最佳,拉伸强度为17.08 MPa,断裂伸长率为502.8%;添加E1715型EBA的样品多种性能介于两者之间,但其高添加量导致熔融指数最低,为0.97 g/10 min。
(3)EBA通过极性基团改善炭黑分散性,但高含量会引入界面缺陷,导致屏蔽料的力学性能下降。在实际应用中,需根据性能需求平衡EBA类型与含量。若优先考虑导电性与加工性,可选用高BA含量的EBA,如35BA40;若需保持较高力学性能,则宜选择E2770。
(4)在LLPDE中添加10%~15%的E2770或7.7%左右的35BA40,可以改善屏蔽料的加工和导电性能,同时控制力学性能的降低在合适的范围。

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全国电线电缆标准化技术委员会.额定电压66 kV(Um=72.5 kV)和110 kV(Um=126 kV)交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆及其附件 第2部分:电缆:GB/T 11017.2—2024[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2024.
National Technical Committee 213 on Electric Cables and Wires of Standardization Administration of China. Power cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation and their accessories for rated voltage of 66 kV (Um=72.5 kV) and 110 kV (Um=126 kV) — Part 2: power cables:GB/T 11017.2—2024[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press,2024.
2026年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.004
  • 接收时间:2025-09-18
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-18
  • 修回日期:2025-10-20
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    1广东电网有限公司电力科学研究院 广东省电力装备可靠性企业重点实验室,广东 广州 510080
    2西安交通大学 电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049

通讯作者:

李博闻(2002-),男(汉族),湖北宜昌人,硕士生,主要从事电力电缆绝缘材料的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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