Article(id=1304921538411651980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745683200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-27, revisedDate=1750780800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047139027, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1773936000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047139027, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047139027, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047139027, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304921526004904728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773936000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047136068, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789118116024, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305219237560217894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305219237560217895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=60, endPage=67, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304921538625561485, articleId=1304921538411651980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Mechanism of trace moisture effect on thermal decomposition characteristics of C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas mixture, columnId=1304921526780850970, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Special Issue on Low-carbon Environmental Protection Advanced Insulation Materials, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The C4F7N/CO2/O2 ternary gas mixture exhibits excellent environmental friendliness and insulation performance, but there is still a lack of research on the stability of C4F7N/CO2/O2 under trace moisture conditions during long-term operation of equipment. In this study, thermal decomposition experiments of C4F7N/CO2/O2 were conducted at different trace moisture concentrations. At the same time, reactive molecular dynamics simulations based on the ReaxFF force field were employed to explore the influence of moisture on the thermal decomposition characteristics of C4F7N/CO2/O2 from a microscopic perspective, and the correlation mechanisms between decomposition products and trace moisture was analyzed. The results show that the main thermal decomposition products of the gas mixture are CF4, C3F8, C3F6, C2F6, and CHF3. The increase of trace moisture concentration promotes the decomposition of C4F7N, leading to an increase in the concentration of decomposition products. However, when the trace moisture concentration further increases, the reaction pathways for generating the main decomposition products are inhibited. This inhibition leads to a downward trend in the concentrations of the main decomposition products, and promotes the formation of more secondary by-products and complex components, causing a shift in the decomposition pathways of the system.

, authors=Siqi SONG1, Jiagui TAO1, Heng ZHAO1, Jinwei ZHU1, Yitian CHU2, Feng XIAO2, Fanchao YE2, *, authorsList=Siqi SONG, Jiagui TAO, Heng ZHAO, Jinwei ZHU, Yitian CHU, Feng XIAO, Fanchao YE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fanchao YE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304921540492026786, articleId=1304921538411651980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=微水对C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体热分解特性影响的作用机制, columnId=1304921527053480732, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=低碳环保先进绝缘材料专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

C4F7N/CO2/O2三元混合气体具有优异的环保性与绝缘性能,但目前针对含微量水分条件下C4F7N/CO2/O2在设备长期运行中的稳定性研究仍较为缺乏。本研究开展了不同微量水分浓度下的C4F7N/CO2/O2热分解实验,同时采用基于ReaxFF力场的反应分子动力学模拟方法,从微观层面探究了水分对C4F7N/CO2/O2热分解特性的影响规律,解析分解产物与微量水分的关联机制。结果表明:混合气体的主要热分解产物为CF4、C3F8、C3F6、C2F6和CHF3。微水浓度的增大会促进C4F7N的分解,导致分解产物浓度增大,而当微水浓度进一步增大时,主要分解产物的反应路径受到抑制,使体系的分解路径发生转变,使得主要分解产物的浓度呈现下降的趋势,并推动更多副产物和复杂组分的形成。

, authors=宋思齐1, 陶加贵1, 赵恒1, 朱金炜1, 楚奕天2, 肖峰2, 叶凡超2, *, authorsList=宋思齐, 陶加贵, 赵恒, 朱金炜, 楚奕天, 肖峰, 叶凡超, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=叶凡超, authorNote=

宋思齐(1991-),男(汉族),湖北孝感人,工程师,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术、电气设备状态监测等方面的研究

, correspAuthorsNote=
叶凡超(1993-),男(汉族),湖北武汉人,讲师,博士,主要从事电气设备在线监测与故障诊断和SF6替代气体的研究。
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宋思齐(1991-),男(汉族),湖北孝感人,工程师,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术、电气设备状态监测等方面的研究

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宋思齐(1991-),男(汉族),湖北孝感人,工程师,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术、电气设备状态监测等方面的研究

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Reactions unique to the addition of 10 water molecules

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路径反应个数
aCHFO2→CFO+OH1
bCHF2O2→CHFO2+F1
cCF2O2+H→CHF2O21
dCHF3→CHF2+F1
eCF3+H→CHF31
fH2O+O→H2O22
), ArticleFig(id=1304921544971543531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921538411651980, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

加入10个水分子独有的反应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径反应个数
aCHFO2→CFO+OH1
bCHF2O2→CHFO2+F1
cCF2O2+H→CHF2O21
dCHF3→CHF2+F1
eCF3+H→CHF31
fH2O+O→H2O22
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微水对C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体热分解特性影响的作用机制
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宋思齐 1 , 陶加贵 1 , 赵恒 1 , 朱金炜 1 , 楚奕天 2 , 肖峰 2 , 叶凡超 2, *
绝缘材料 | 低碳环保先进绝缘材料专题 2026,59(3): 60-67
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绝缘材料 |低碳环保先进绝缘材料专题 2026 , 59 (3) : 60 -67
微水对C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体热分解特性影响的作用机制
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宋思齐1, 陶加贵1, 赵恒1, 朱金炜1, 楚奕天2, 肖峰2, 叶凡超2, *
作者信息
  • 1国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,江苏 南京 211103
  • 2湖北工业大学 新能源及电网装备安全监测湖北省工程研究中心,湖北 武汉 430068
通讯作者:
叶凡超(1993-),男(汉族),湖北武汉人,讲师,博士,主要从事电气设备在线监测与故障诊断和SF6替代气体的研究。
作者简介:

宋思齐(1991-),男(汉族),湖北孝感人,工程师,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术、电气设备状态监测等方面的研究

Mechanism of trace moisture effect on thermal decomposition characteristics of C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas mixture
Siqi SONG1, Jiagui TAO1, Heng ZHAO1, Jinwei ZHU1, Yitian CHU2, Feng XIAO2, Fanchao YE2, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Research Institute, Nanjing 211103, China
  • 2Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
出版时间: 2026-03-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.007
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C4F7N/CO2/O2三元混合气体具有优异的环保性与绝缘性能,但目前针对含微量水分条件下C4F7N/CO2/O2在设备长期运行中的稳定性研究仍较为缺乏。本研究开展了不同微量水分浓度下的C4F7N/CO2/O2热分解实验,同时采用基于ReaxFF力场的反应分子动力学模拟方法,从微观层面探究了水分对C4F7N/CO2/O2热分解特性的影响规律,解析分解产物与微量水分的关联机制。结果表明:混合气体的主要热分解产物为CF4、C3F8、C3F6、C2F6和CHF3。微水浓度的增大会促进C4F7N的分解,导致分解产物浓度增大,而当微水浓度进一步增大时,主要分解产物的反应路径受到抑制,使体系的分解路径发生转变,使得主要分解产物的浓度呈现下降的趋势,并推动更多副产物和复杂组分的形成。

C4F7N/CO2/O2  /  微水  /  过热分解  /  环境友好绝缘气体  /  分子动力学

The C4F7N/CO2/O2 ternary gas mixture exhibits excellent environmental friendliness and insulation performance, but there is still a lack of research on the stability of C4F7N/CO2/O2 under trace moisture conditions during long-term operation of equipment. In this study, thermal decomposition experiments of C4F7N/CO2/O2 were conducted at different trace moisture concentrations. At the same time, reactive molecular dynamics simulations based on the ReaxFF force field were employed to explore the influence of moisture on the thermal decomposition characteristics of C4F7N/CO2/O2 from a microscopic perspective, and the correlation mechanisms between decomposition products and trace moisture was analyzed. The results show that the main thermal decomposition products of the gas mixture are CF4, C3F8, C3F6, C2F6, and CHF3. The increase of trace moisture concentration promotes the decomposition of C4F7N, leading to an increase in the concentration of decomposition products. However, when the trace moisture concentration further increases, the reaction pathways for generating the main decomposition products are inhibited. This inhibition leads to a downward trend in the concentrations of the main decomposition products, and promotes the formation of more secondary by-products and complex components, causing a shift in the decomposition pathways of the system.

C4F7N/CO2/O2  /  trace moisture  /  thermal decomposition  /  eco-friendly insulation gas  /  molecular dynamics
宋思齐, 陶加贵, 赵恒, 朱金炜, 楚奕天, 肖峰, 叶凡超. 微水对C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体热分解特性影响的作用机制. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (3) : 60 -67 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.007
Siqi SONG, Jiagui TAO, Heng ZHAO, Jinwei ZHU, Yitian CHU, Feng XIAO, Fanchao YE. Mechanism of trace moisture effect on thermal decomposition characteristics of C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas mixture[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (3) : 60 -67 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.007
六氟化硫(SF6)凭借其卓越的绝缘强度和优异的电弧熄灭特性,长期以来被作为绝缘介质广泛应用于各类气体绝缘设备(GIE)中[1-2]。然而,SF6的全球变暖潜能值(global warming potential,GWP)极高,是二氧化碳(CO2)的23 500倍,大气寿命(atmospheric lifetime)更长达3 200年[3-4]。基于《京都议定书》和《巴黎协定》对高GWP气体的管控要求,开发环境友好型替代气体已成为电力设备绝缘技术领域的研究重点[5-6]
近年来,全氟异丁腈(C4F7N)在绝缘性能与环保特性方面展现出显著优势。相关实验数据显示,C4F7N相对电气强度可达SF6的1.8~2.2倍,同时其GWP值(2 090)较SF6降低约两个数量级,且臭氧消耗潜能值(ODP)为零,这些特性使其成为极具潜力的SF6替代介质[7-9]。此外,C4F7N与CO2、O2组成的三元混合气体不仅能显著降低GWP值,还在绝缘性能与灭弧特性之间取得了良好平衡,因此被公认为最具应用前景的环保绝缘气体之一[10-11]。国际大电网会议(CIGRE)技术报告[12]指出,优化配比的C4F7N混合气体已在420 kV GIS设备中通过型式试验,其性能参数完全满足IEC 62271-203:2022要求,为电力装备的低碳化转型提供了切实可行的技术解决方案。
目前,针对C4F7N/CO2/O2三元混合气体的绝缘性能、电弧熄灭特性及分解机制的系统性实验研究已取得显著进展。ZHUO R等[13]通过局部放电(partial discharge,PD)实验平台研究发现,添加体积分数为4%的O2时,虽然对固体分解产物的元素组成和价态影响不大,但能在一定程度上减少其生成量。本团队[14-15]前期针对O2含量对C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体绝缘性能、电气特性和热分解特性的影响机制展开了系统性研究,发现添加体积分数为2%~6%的O2可以不同程度地提高混合气体的电气强度;但当O2体积分数超过6%时,混合气体的电气强度会下降,且大多数副产物的浓度会增加。在探究O2含量对C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体中环氧树脂表面放电特性影响的研究中,发现O2能够抑制部分固体产物的形成。然而,在O2浓度较高时,会促进三结合点附近的材料烧蚀和放电过程中气体的热分解,严重时可能导致绝缘失效[16]。因此,在实际应用中,建议在C4F7N/CO2混合气体中添加体积分数为4%~6%的O2。目前,国内外电气设备制造商已成功研制出采用C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体的绝缘设备,并已应用于中高压输配电系统中。
由于气体绝缘电气设备中不可避免地存在微量水分,国内外研究人员已开始探究微量水分对绝缘气体性能的影响。当SF6含有过量水分时,不仅会促进SF6分解,导致绝缘强度下降,而且会影响放电分解产物的生成,产生HF等酸性物质腐蚀绝缘材料,进一步导致绝缘强度下降[14]。YE F C等[15]研究发现,C4F7N/CO2混合气体的工频击穿电压与微量水分体积分数呈负相关,表明微量水分对C4F7N/CO2混合气体的绝缘性能存在一定负面影响。综合来看,微量水分不仅会影响气体的分解特性,还会对其绝缘性能产生作用。但目前关于微量水分对C4F7N/CO2/O2绝缘设备长期运行可靠性的具体影响机制尚不明确。
为探究微量水分对C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体热稳定性及分解特性的影响,本研究搭建局部过热故障分解模拟平台,通过实验获取不同微量水分条件下主要产物的生成特性数据。同时采用反应力场分子动力学(ReaxFF-MD)方法[17-19],系统研究不同浓度微量水分对混合气体热分解过程的作用机制。希望研究结果能为C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体的工程应用及运行策略的制定提供科学依据。
实验平台如图1所示,主要由气体反应腔、加热棒、比例积分微分(PID)控制器、压力表、气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)以及废气回收装置组成。
在实际工程应用中,开关设备、GIS和GIL等气体绝缘电气设备的运行压力各不相同,但一般不超过0.65 MPa,其中GIS的运行压力通常高于GIL。在本实验中,将C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体在0.3 MPa的相对压力下进行过热分解实验,以模拟GIL运行过程中局部过热故障的发生。研究表明,由于CO2与C4F7N之间具有较强的协同效应,当C4F7N的体积分数为5%~20%时,C4F7N/CO2混合气体电气强度可达到SF6的80%以上[20]。因此,从混合气体的绝缘性能以及其低沸点对应的低温适用性两方面综合考虑,该混合气体表现出良好的应用潜力。综上,本实验中将C4F7N的体积分数设定为6%。文献[13]表明,添加体积分数为2%~6%的O2可提高C4F7N/CO2混合气体的绝缘强度和化学稳定性,但当O2的体积分数超过6%时,这些性能反而会下降。此外,向C4F7N/CO2混合气体中加入5%的O2可抑制气相和固相分解产物的生成,从而提升断路器的开断性能[8]。因此,本实验中将O2的体积分数设定为5%,则CO2的体积分数为89%,微水含量分别设置为0.05%、0.13%、0.16%、0.19%、0.22%。为确保C4F7N充分分解,并更好地模拟实际设备中局部过热故障的情形,本实验的加热时长设定为12 h,加热温度控制在500℃。每隔2 h采集过热实验所产生的分解产物,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS,GCMS-QP2010Ultra型,日本岛津公司)进行分析。
ReaxFF分子动力学(ReaxFF-MD)可以通过键断裂与生成过程中键级的变化,在真实结构模型中描述化学反应[21-24]。在ReaxFF-MD的反应场中,系统能量贡献的分布[25-30]如式(1)所示。
E=Eb+Eo+Ea+Et+Ev+Ec+Es
式(1)中:E是系统总能量;Eb是原子间的键能项;Eo是超配位能量修正项;EaEt分别表示三体角度修正能项和四体扭转能项;EvEc分别为范德华力项和库伦力项,分别用于描述相互作用中的静电效应和分散效应,属于非键合项;Es通常用于特定系统的能量项,如孤对电子、共轭电子、氢键以及C2修正项等。
首先构建一个周期性模拟盒,尺寸为260 Å×260 Å×260 Å。整个反应系统包含500个分子,其中包括30个C4F7N分子(占6%)、25个O2分子(占5%)和445个CO2分子。通过加入不同数量的H2O分子(0、2、4、6、8、10个)来模拟不同的微水环境,在3 000 K的温度下进行ReaxFF-MD模拟。本文主要关注微水对C4F7N/CO2/O2中C4F7N的分解情况以及反应路径的影响,压力变化仅影响反应速率,而不会改变反应类型,因此模拟压力设定为常压。
首先,基于NVE系统(即原子数、反应系统大小和能量值固定),在20 K下进行10 ps的几何优化(封闭系统,与外界无热交换),以建立更合理的初始反应结构。随后,基于NVT系统(恒定的原子数、反应系统大小和温度),在1 000 K下对系统进行10 ps的平衡化处理。最后,在3 000 K下模拟不同H2O含量的C4F7N/CO2/O2系统。考虑到计算资源和模拟结果,总模拟时长为500 ps,采样步长为0.25 fs。所有模拟均使用NVT系统,并采用Berendsen热浴方法进行温度控制。所有ReaxFF-MD模拟均基于AMS(阿姆斯特丹密度泛函)平台中的ReaxFF模块,使用MuEller等开发的NiCH.ff力场文件。力场文件通过蒙特卡罗方法优化,并考虑C4F7N分子的性质[27]。优化后的反应系统如图2所示。
基于早期对C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体分解的实验研究,已经得到了主要分解产物及反应机理。该混合气体的初始分解温度为500℃,主要生成物包括CO、C3F8、C3F6、C2F6、C2N2和CF4[13,31]。后续开展的不同微量水分条件下的击穿实验与电晕放电实验中,还检测到了CHF3[32]。其中,CO主要来源于背景气体CO2的分解,其生成量虽较大,但难以区分其与目标分解反应的直接关联性,因此未将其纳入外标法定量分析范围。C2N2在本实验体系中生成量较低,且受检测灵敏度及标准样品可获得性限制,其定量结果不确定性较大。基于上述原因,本文仅对CO和C2N2进行定性分析,而未开展外标法定量分析。采用外标法对CF4、C3F8、C3F6、C2F6及CHF3进行定性与定量分析,各产物浓度变化如图34所示。
图3可以看出,C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体的5种热分解产物在不同微水浓度下的浓度关系保持一致,总体上浓度从高到低依次为:C3F8、C3F6、CF4、CHF3、C2F6,这表明在不同微水浓度下,C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体过热分解的主要产物是C3F8和C3F6。微水浓度和加热时间对各实验条件下C4F7N/CO2/O2分解产物浓度变化的影响如图4所示。从图4可以看出,C3F6浓度随加热时间延长无明显变化,说明C3F6性质相对稳定且易达到饱和状态;其余分解产物浓度总体随加热时间增加而上升。除C2F6外,分解产物浓度均随微水浓度增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,各产物浓度均在微水浓度为1 600×10-6时达到峰值,随着微水浓度继续增加,分解产物浓度开始出现不同程度的下降。
将实验系统在3000 K下加热,以模拟设备中发生的局部过热故障,该温度不会影响反应顺序或反应机理。通过向系统中添加不同数量的水分子,模拟实际运行条件下绝缘设备故障的严重程度。在此过程中,气体混合物中的C4F7N发生分解,生成CF3、F、CFN、CN、C3F4N和C3F7等粒子。
不添加水分子时,系统内主要产物随时间的变化情况如图5所示。从图5可以看出,在无水条件下,C4F7N发生剧烈分解,产生了以下类型和数量的产物:大量的CF3和F粒子,少量的CFN和CN粒子,以及极少量的C3F4N和C3F7粒子。
向反应体系中加入两个水分子后,体系内粒子的变化情况如图6所示。从图6可以看出,除上述生成产物外,还生成了OH粒子,其数量与模拟时间呈正相关。随着时间延长,CF3、F、CFN、CN等粒子的数量增加,而C3F4N粒子的数量则呈现先增加后减少的趋势;C3F7粒子的数量在整个模拟过程中始终非常低,变化也很小。表明在C4F7N的分解过程中,初始断裂主要发生在C-C键上,生成C3F4N和CF3粒子,随后C3F4N粒子继续发生分解。此外,C3F7粒子的产量相对较低,说明C4F7N分解中连接N粒子的C-C键较难断裂。OH粒子一部分来源于H2O的分解,另一部分则来源于O和H的结合。
图7是向体系中加入不同数量水分子后C4F7N的分解情况。从图7可以看出,随着微水浓度的增加,C4F7N的分解数量也不断增加,说明微水的加入会导致体系内的C4F7N加速分解。
为了进一步研究微水对C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体分解过程的影响,尤其是探讨高微水浓度条件下部分分解产物出现浓度下降的原因,有必要深入分析分解过程中涉及的H2O分子及其热解产物——氢原子(H)和羟基粒子(OH)的相关反应行为。基于AMS软件,并借助ChemTraYzer 2模块,开展在体系中加入10个水分子的模拟研究,以代表较高微水浓度情形。同时,将该条件下的反应行为与加入2、4、6、8个水分子时的结果进行对比,重点整理并分析不同H2O含量下涉及H2O、H和OH的关键反应过程,相关统计结果如图8所示。从图8可以看出,随着体系中水分子数量的增加,参与反应的路径数量及其对应的反应次数整体呈现增加趋势,表明微水的引入显著拓展了体系内的反应网络,使反应路径更加复杂。说明水分子在反应过程中不仅作为反应物参与反应,还通过促进OH等活性粒子的生成,增强了反应通道的活跃程度。
表1展示了在加入10个水分子时的特有反应。从表1可以看出,首先,随着微水浓度升高,体系中生成的大量H粒子会与关键中间体CF3发生反应(路径e),从而削弱CF3向下游产物(如CF4、CHF3)转化的可能性。这种竞争反应降低了CF3的可利用性,进而抑制了部分产物的合成。
其次,在C4F7N分解的初始阶段,与O粒子反应生成C4F7NO是主要的解离通道之一,而高浓度的H2O会与O粒子反应生成OH,显著削弱了该路径的活性,导致C4F7N分解模式发生改变,如图9所示。
综上所述,过量微水热解会生成大量H粒子,这些H粒子一方面会与体系中游离的CF3粒子反应,降低其浓度;而CF3是多种主要分解产物(如CF4等)的关键前体,导致其后续合成路径受阻。另一方面,C4F7N在初步分解过程中倾向与O粒子发生反应生成C4F7NO,但H2O的存在会大量消耗O粒子,进而抑制该主反应路径,造成主要产物生成受限。上述机制共同作用下,导致在高微水浓度条件下C4F7N的分解路径发生改变,主要产物生成减少,分解效率在宏观上出现降低趋势。
与此同时,由于主路径受阻,体系中更多副反应支路被激活,导致副产物种类和数量显著增加。模拟结果表明,在高微水浓度下,含H、O、H2O的反应种类增多,如图10所示。因此可以认为,过量微水的引入虽在初期加速了C4F7N的分解,但在更高浓度下反而抑制了特定主产物的生成,推动了更多副产物和复杂组分的形成,使体系的分解路径发生转变,产物结构也更加多样。
因此,为保障C4F7N/CO2/O2混合气体在设备运行过程中的稳定性与绝缘性能,建议在运维过程中严格控制系统内微水含量,防止过量水分引发H和OH粒子积聚,干扰C4F7N的正常分解路径;同时加强密封结构管理,定期检测密封件状态,防止水分侵入;此外,建议开展气体组分的定期监测与评估,构建微水与气体分解行为的关联数据库,必要时配置循环净化系统,以实现对气体状态的动态维护,从而延长设备使用寿命并提升运行可靠性。
(1)在微量水存在下环保型气体绝缘介质 C4F7N/CO2/O2的热分解主要分解产物包括CF4、C3F8、C3F6、C2F6、CHF3。当微量水浓度低于1 600×10-6时,产物浓度(除C2F6外)随着微水浓度的增加而增加。
(2)随着微量水浓度的进一步升高,主反应路径受到抑制,使得主要分解产物的浓度呈现下降趋势,并推动更多副产物和复杂组分的形成,使体系的分解路径发生转变,产物结构也更加多样。
(3)模拟结果表明,微水的加入会促进C4F7N的分解,同时当微水浓度增大时,系统中大量的游离H粒子会消耗CF3粒子,导致初始分解产物浓度下降。

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2026年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.007
  • 接收时间:2025-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-27
  • 修回日期:2025-06-25
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    1国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,江苏 南京 211103
    2湖北工业大学 新能源及电网装备安全监测湖北省工程研究中心,湖北 武汉 430068

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叶凡超(1993-),男(汉族),湖北武汉人,讲师,博士,主要从事电气设备在线监测与故障诊断和SF6替代气体的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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