Article(id=1304921527565181696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752336000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-13, revisedDate=1756051200000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047136441, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1773936000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047136441, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047136441, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047136441, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304921526004904728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773936000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047136068, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789118116024, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305219237560217894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305219237560217895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=9, endPage=18, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304921527758119681, articleId=1304921527565181696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Carbon footprint and environmental impact assessment of an 800 kVA epoxy cast dry-type transformer, columnId=1304921526780850970, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Special Issue on Low-carbon Environmental Protection Advanced Insulation Materials, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The environmental impact of greenhouse gases has garnered widespread global attention, and the low-carbon transformation of power equipment is of great significance for achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, we focused on the raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, and waste disposal stages of an 800 kVA epoxy cast dry-type transformer, and evaluated its carbon footprint and environmental impact from a material perspective. The Monte Carlo simulation method based on the triangular distribution and Sobol sequence was adopted to conduct uncertainty analysis on the carbon footprint results, so as to assess the uncertainty of carbon emissions from key resources. Based on two environmental impact assessment methods CML-IA baseline 2001 and ReCiPe 2016, the environmental impact degree of transformer at each stage was comprehensively evaluated. The results show that the total carbon footprint of the transformer is 8 996.25 kgCO2e, with the raw material acquisition stage contributing the most to the product carbon footprint, reaching 7 186.51 kgCO2e. Copper, silicon steel sheets, and epoxy resin are the main carbon sources, accounting for 42.87%, 31.17%, and 23.93%, respectively. Both sensitivity analysis methods are consistent with the actual situation, but the 95% confidence interval obtained by the Sobol sequence method is significantly wider than the [8 691.92, 9 311.68] kgCO2e of the triangular distribution, demonstrating a more sufficient ability to express uncertainty. The first-order sensitivity indices of the two key resources, epoxy resin and power consumption, calculated by the two methods are 0.460 and 0.499, respectively, indicating that they have the most obvious impact on the carbon footprint of the transformer. The environmental impact assessment results of CML-IA baseline 2001 and ReCipe 2016 show that the raw material acquisition stage dominates all environmental damage categories, with the most significant impact on marine ecotoxicity. The core causes are the heavy metal emissions during the mining and processing of copper and silicon steel sheets, as well as the organic pollutants released during the synthesis of epoxy resin.
, authors=Shuangshuang TIAN
1, Yingyu WU
1, Yunjian WU
1, Chao GAO
2, Jiahe YU
2, Xiaoxing ZHANG
1, *, authorsList=Shuangshuang TIAN, Yingyu WU, Yunjian WU, Chao GAO, Jiahe YU, Xiaoxing ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaoxing ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304921529087714056, articleId=1304921527565181696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=800 kVA环氧浇注干式变压器碳足迹与环境影响评估, columnId=1304921527053480732, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=低碳环保先进绝缘材料专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
温室气体对环境的影响已引起全球关注,而电力装备的低碳化转型对于实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。本文基于全生命周期评估(life cycle assessment,LCA)方法,聚焦于800 kVA环氧浇注干式变压器的原材料获取、产品制造及废弃物处理阶段,重点从材料视角评价其碳足迹与环境影响。采用基于三角分布和Sobol序列的蒙特卡洛模拟方法对碳足迹结果进行不确定性分析,以评估关键资源碳排放的不确定性。基于CML-IA baseline 2001和ReCiPe 2016两种环境影响评估方法,对变压器各阶段的环境影响程度进行综合评估。结果表明:该变压器总碳足迹为8 996.25 kgCO2e,其中原材料获取阶段对产品碳足迹贡献最大,达到7 186.51 kgCO2e,铜、硅钢片以及环氧树脂为主要碳源,在该阶段分别有着42.87%、31.17%、23.93%的占比;两种敏感性分析方法均与实际情况相符,但Sobol序列方法得出的95%置信区间显著宽于三角分布的[8 691.92,9 311.68] kgCO2e,具备更充分的不确定性表达能力;两种方法计算出环氧树脂和电力消耗两种关键资源的一阶敏感性指数分别为0.460和0.499,说明二者对变压器碳足迹的影响最为明显;CML-IA baseline 2001与ReCipe 2016两种环境影响评估结果均表明原材料获取阶段在所有环境损害类别中均占据主导地位,其中对海水生态毒性影响最为明显,其核心诱因是铜与硅钢片开采加工过程中的重金属排放,以及环氧树脂合成阶段释放的有机污染物。
, authors=田双双
1, 吴影宇
1, 伍云健
1, 高超
2, 余家赫
2, 张晓星
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田双双(1989-),女(汉族),山东泰安人,副教授,主要从事气体绝缘设备在线检测与故障诊断以及环保型绝缘气体应用技术的研究
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张晓星(1972-),男(汉族),湖北潜江人,教授,主要从事气体绝缘设备在线检测与故障诊断以及环保型绝缘气体应用技术的研究。
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田双双(1989-),女(汉族),山东泰安人,副教授,主要从事气体绝缘设备在线检测与故障诊断以及环保型绝缘气体应用技术的研究
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1Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1304921530069181213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, authorId=1304921529939157786, language=CN, stringName=伍云健, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Carbon footprint accounting boundaries and process flows, figureFileSmall=1YlgHndol3HKRFng20Eklw==, figureFileBig=4kHbgby0TuhahTSBzzwjZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921531587519288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
碳足迹核算边界及工艺流程, figureFileSmall=1YlgHndol3HKRFng20Eklw==, figureFileBig=4kHbgby0TuhahTSBzzwjZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921531751097145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Sensitivity analysis results, figureFileSmall=RmHfG3cXGyk5zdM1zbtOGA==, figureFileBig=U17NreWoCMc+xdRAj8AcTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921531809817402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
敏感性分析结果, figureFileSmall=RmHfG3cXGyk5zdM1zbtOGA==, figureFileBig=U17NreWoCMc+xdRAj8AcTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921531872731963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Standardized results of different evaluation methods, figureFileSmall=cCEuujQQ+y7+6ewKACWvdA==, figureFileBig=hwrWTgQzG/+NvbC7zaVNNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921531960812348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
不同评价方法标准化结果, figureFileSmall=cCEuujQQ+y7+6ewKACWvdA==, figureFileBig=hwrWTgQzG/+NvbC7zaVNNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921532032115517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Key data list of raw material acquisition stage
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 物料 | 消耗量 | 材料 | 运输距离/km | 汽车载重/t |
|---|
| 硅钢片 | 1 360 kg | 硅钢 | 140 | 10 |
| 铜箔(绕组) | 575 kg | 铜 | 250 | 20 |
| 铜线 | 110 kg | 150 | 20 |
| 环氧树脂 | 195 kg | 环氧树脂 | 50 | 20 |
| 紧固件 | 1个 | 铁 | 930 | 20 |
| 温控器 | 1个 | 150 | 10 |
| 风机 | 6个 | 150 | 10 |
| 外壳 | 1个 | 铝合金 | 150 | 10 |
| 铜排 | 8 mm厚,1.20 m长,φ=80 mm | 铜 | 135 | 10 |
| 5 mm厚,1.35 m长,φ=50 mm | 135 | 10 |
| 紫铜管 | 1.5 mm厚,4 m长,φ=16 mm | 铜 | 135 | 10 |
| 热缩管 | 6 m长,φ=12 mm | 聚烯烃 | 160 | 10 |
| 网格板 | 1.2 m长,0.6 m宽 | 玻璃纤维 | 430 | 10 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921532116001598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
原材料获取阶段主要数据清单
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 物料 | 消耗量 | 材料 | 运输距离/km | 汽车载重/t |
|---|
| 硅钢片 | 1 360 kg | 硅钢 | 140 | 10 |
| 铜箔(绕组) | 575 kg | 铜 | 250 | 20 |
| 铜线 | 110 kg | 150 | 20 |
| 环氧树脂 | 195 kg | 环氧树脂 | 50 | 20 |
| 紧固件 | 1个 | 铁 | 930 | 20 |
| 温控器 | 1个 | 150 | 10 |
| 风机 | 6个 | 150 | 10 |
| 外壳 | 1个 | 铝合金 | 150 | 10 |
| 铜排 | 8 mm厚,1.20 m长,φ=80 mm | 铜 | 135 | 10 |
| 5 mm厚,1.35 m长,φ=50 mm | 135 | 10 |
| 紫铜管 | 1.5 mm厚,4 m长,φ=16 mm | 铜 | 135 | 10 |
| 热缩管 | 6 m长,φ=12 mm | 聚烯烃 | 160 | 10 |
| 网格板 | 1.2 m长,0.6 m宽 | 玻璃纤维 | 430 | 10 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921532208276287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Key data list of product during production stage
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 生产阶段 | 生产装置 | 耗电量/(kW·h) |
|---|
| 绕线模 | 烘炉 | 1 152 |
| 内筒绝缘 | QC12K-4*2500剪板机 | 0.4 |
| 低压绕线 | RJS-1000箔绕机 | 150 |
| 低压干燥 | 烘炉 | 192 |
| 高压绕线 | GRS-800绕线机 | 36 |
| 外包处理 | 3T行车 | 0.55 |
| 装模 | 3T行车 | 0.55 |
| 高压预干燥 | 加热炉 | 840 |
| 浇注 | 浇注罐 | 255 |
| 干燥 | 加热炉 | 600 |
| 脱模 | 3T行车 | 1.1 |
| 表面高低压打磨 | 打磨机 | 0.71 |
| 装配 | 3T行车 | 1.1 |
| 装夹件垫块压钉 | 3T行车 | 0.55 |
| 低压引线制作 | DMX-303多工位母线加工机 01B-FF-2000热风机 | 0.568 5 |
| 高压凸台焊接高压引线制作 | 01B-FF-2000热风机 | 0.041 7 |
| 电阻测试 | 直流电阻测试仪 | 16.667 |
| 变压比侧试 | 变比测试仪 | 2.25 |
| 空载损耗 | 调压器 | 28.833 |
| 高低压耐压 | 变压器 | 26.25 |
| 负载损耗 | 调压器 | 8.333 |
| 阻抗电压 | Y2-225S-4三相异步电机 | 1.5 |
| 装外壳 | 3T行车 | 0.55 |
| 清洁整理 | YE2-132M-4空压机 | 0.375 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921532279579456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
产品生产阶段主要数据清单
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 生产阶段 | 生产装置 | 耗电量/(kW·h) |
|---|
| 绕线模 | 烘炉 | 1 152 |
| 内筒绝缘 | QC12K-4*2500剪板机 | 0.4 |
| 低压绕线 | RJS-1000箔绕机 | 150 |
| 低压干燥 | 烘炉 | 192 |
| 高压绕线 | GRS-800绕线机 | 36 |
| 外包处理 | 3T行车 | 0.55 |
| 装模 | 3T行车 | 0.55 |
| 高压预干燥 | 加热炉 | 840 |
| 浇注 | 浇注罐 | 255 |
| 干燥 | 加热炉 | 600 |
| 脱模 | 3T行车 | 1.1 |
| 表面高低压打磨 | 打磨机 | 0.71 |
| 装配 | 3T行车 | 1.1 |
| 装夹件垫块压钉 | 3T行车 | 0.55 |
| 低压引线制作 | DMX-303多工位母线加工机 01B-FF-2000热风机 | 0.568 5 |
| 高压凸台焊接高压引线制作 | 01B-FF-2000热风机 | 0.041 7 |
| 电阻测试 | 直流电阻测试仪 | 16.667 |
| 变压比侧试 | 变比测试仪 | 2.25 |
| 空载损耗 | 调压器 | 28.833 |
| 高低压耐压 | 变压器 | 26.25 |
| 负载损耗 | 调压器 | 8.333 |
| 阻抗电压 | Y2-225S-4三相异步电机 | 1.5 |
| 装外壳 | 3T行车 | 0.55 |
| 清洁整理 | YE2-132M-4空压机 | 0.375 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921532363465537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Key data list for waste disposal stage
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 阶段名称 | 操作 | 质量/kg |
|---|
| 废弃物处理阶段 | 环氧树脂焚烧 | 195 |
| 铜回收 | 557.86 |
| 硅钢回收 | 816 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921532451545922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
废弃物处理阶段主要数据清单
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 阶段名称 | 操作 | 质量/kg |
|---|
| 废弃物处理阶段 | 环氧树脂焚烧 | 195 |
| 铜回收 | 557.86 |
| 硅钢回收 | 816 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921532527043395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Major activity units and its carbon emission factors
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 活动单位 | 碳排放因子 |
|---|
| 硅钢/(kgCO2e/kg) | 1.647 1 |
| 铜/(kgCO2e/kg) | 3.900 5 |
| 环氧树脂/(kgCO2e/kg) | 8.820 5 |
| 铝合金/(kgCO2e/kg) | 5.128 5 |
| 铁/(kgCO2e/kg) | 1.442 0 |
| 玻璃纤维/(kgCO2e/kg) | 2.516 6 |
| 电力/(kgCO2e/kWh) | 1.088 8 |
| 运输/(kgCO2e/(t·km)) | 0.257 7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921532589957956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
主要活动单位及其对应碳排放因子
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 活动单位 | 碳排放因子 |
|---|
| 硅钢/(kgCO2e/kg) | 1.647 1 |
| 铜/(kgCO2e/kg) | 3.900 5 |
| 环氧树脂/(kgCO2e/kg) | 8.820 5 |
| 铝合金/(kgCO2e/kg) | 5.128 5 |
| 铁/(kgCO2e/kg) | 1.442 0 |
| 玻璃纤维/(kgCO2e/kg) | 2.516 6 |
| 电力/(kgCO2e/kWh) | 1.088 8 |
| 运输/(kgCO2e/(t·km)) | 0.257 7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921532661261125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Carbon footprint distribution of epoxy cast dry-type transformers
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 生命周期阶段 | 碳排放量/kgCO2e | 占比/% |
|---|
| 原材料获取 | 7 186.51 | 79.89 |
| 产品生产 | 3 609.72 | 40.12 |
| 废弃物处理 | -1 799.98 | -20.01 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921532753535814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
环氧浇注干式变压器碳足迹分布
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 生命周期阶段 | 碳排放量/kgCO2e | 占比/% |
|---|
| 原材料获取 | 7 186.51 | 79.89 |
| 产品生产 | 3 609.72 | 40.12 |
| 废弃物处理 | -1 799.98 | -20.01 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921532816450375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Carbon footprint distribution of raw material acquisition stage
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 碳排放量/kgCO2e | 占比/% |
|---|
| 硅钢片 | 2240.06 | 31.17 |
| 铜(绕组) | 2242.79 | 31.21 |
| 铜(引线) | 429.06 | 5.97 |
| 环氧树脂 | 1720.00 | 23.93 |
| 紧固件 | 7.21 | 0.10 |
| 铜排1 | 371.00 | 5.16 |
| 铜排2 | 26.66 | 0.37 |
| 紫铜管 | 11.72 | 0.16 |
| 网格版 | 9.74 | 0.14 |
| 铝合金外壳 | 30.20 | 0.42 |
| 原材料运输 | 97.93 | 1.36 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921532887753544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
原材料获取阶段碳足迹分布
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 碳排放量/kgCO2e | 占比/% |
|---|
| 硅钢片 | 2240.06 | 31.17 |
| 铜(绕组) | 2242.79 | 31.21 |
| 铜(引线) | 429.06 | 5.97 |
| 环氧树脂 | 1720.00 | 23.93 |
| 紧固件 | 7.21 | 0.10 |
| 铜排1 | 371.00 | 5.16 |
| 铜排2 | 26.66 | 0.37 |
| 紫铜管 | 11.72 | 0.16 |
| 网格版 | 9.74 | 0.14 |
| 铝合金外壳 | 30.20 | 0.42 |
| 原材料运输 | 97.93 | 1.36 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921532967445321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=
Carbon footprint distribution of product production stage
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 生产过程 | 碳排放量/kgCO2e | 占比/% | 生产过程 | 碳排放量/kgCO2e | 占比/% |
|---|
| 绕线模 | 1254.30 | 34.75 | 装配 | 1.20 | — |
| 内筒绝缘 | 0.44 | — | 装夹件垫块压钉 | 0.60 | — |
| 低压绕线 | 163.32 | 4.52 | 低压引线制作 | 0.62 | — |
| 低压干燥 | 209.05 | 5.79 | 高压引线制作 | 0.05 | — |
| 高压绕线 | 39.20 | 1.10 | 电阻测试 | 18.15 | 0.50 |
| 外包处理 | 0.60 | — | 变压比侧试 | 2.45 | 0.10 |
| 装模 | 0.60 | 0 | 空载损耗 | 31.39 | 0.90 |
| 高压预干燥 | 914.59 | 25.34 | 高低压耐压 | 28.58 | 0.80 |
| 浇注 | 277.64 | 7.69 | 负载损耗 | 9.07 | 0.30 |
| 干燥 | 653.28 | 18.10 | 阻抗电压 | 1.63 | — |
| 脱模 | 1.20 | — | 装外壳 | 0.60 | — |
| 表面处理(高低压打磨) | 0.77 | — | 清洁整理 | 0.41 | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921533042942794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
产品生产阶段碳足迹分布
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 生产过程 | 碳排放量/kgCO2e | 占比/% | 生产过程 | 碳排放量/kgCO2e | 占比/% |
|---|
| 绕线模 | 1254.30 | 34.75 | 装配 | 1.20 | — |
| 内筒绝缘 | 0.44 | — | 装夹件垫块压钉 | 0.60 | — |
| 低压绕线 | 163.32 | 4.52 | 低压引线制作 | 0.62 | — |
| 低压干燥 | 209.05 | 5.79 | 高压引线制作 | 0.05 | — |
| 高压绕线 | 39.20 | 1.10 | 电阻测试 | 18.15 | 0.50 |
| 外包处理 | 0.60 | — | 变压比侧试 | 2.45 | 0.10 |
| 装模 | 0.60 | 0 | 空载损耗 | 31.39 | 0.90 |
| 高压预干燥 | 914.59 | 25.34 | 高低压耐压 | 28.58 | 0.80 |
| 浇注 | 277.64 | 7.69 | 负载损耗 | 9.07 | 0.30 |
| 干燥 | 653.28 | 18.10 | 阻抗电压 | 1.63 | — |
| 脱模 | 1.20 | — | 装外壳 | 0.60 | — |
| 表面处理(高低压打磨) | 0.77 | — | 清洁整理 | 0.41 | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921533122634571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=
Sensitivity of carbon emissions from major materials
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 消耗品 | 碳排放变化量/kgCO2e | 灵敏度/% |
|---|
| 硅钢片 | 89.602 | 0.996 |
| 铜 | 54.399 | 0.611 |
| 环氧树脂 | 343.999 | 3.866 |
| 铝合金 | 37.099 | 0.417 |
| 铁 | 0.721 | 0.008 |
| 玻璃纤维 | 3.024 | 0.034 |
| 原材料运输 | 9.810 | 0.110 |
| 电力 | 360.973 | 4.057 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921533193937740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=表8, caption=
主要材料碳排放量灵敏度
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 消耗品 | 碳排放变化量/kgCO2e | 灵敏度/% |
|---|
| 硅钢片 | 89.602 | 0.996 |
| 铜 | 54.399 | 0.611 |
| 环氧树脂 | 343.999 | 3.866 |
| 铝合金 | 37.099 | 0.417 |
| 铁 | 0.721 | 0.008 |
| 玻璃纤维 | 3.024 | 0.034 |
| 原材料运输 | 9.810 | 0.110 |
| 电力 | 360.973 | 4.057 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921533265240909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=
CML-IA baseline characterization results
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响类别 | 原材料获取 | 产品生产 | 废弃物处理 |
|---|
| 非生物矿产资源消耗/kgSbeq | 1.31 | 0.0019 | -1.03 |
| 非生物化石能源消耗/MJ | 8.2×104 | 3.12×104 | -1.05×104 |
| 全球变暖影响/kgCO2e | 7.13×103 | 3.53×103 | -1.85×103 |
| 臭氧层破坏/kgCFC-11eq | 0.000 3 | 2.62×10-5 | -0.0002 |
| 人体毒性/kg1,4-DBeq | 1.1×105 | 1.25×103 | -8.58×104 |
| 淡水生态毒性/kg1,4-DBeq | 5.29×104 | 1.4×103 | -3.99×104 |
| 海水生态毒性/kg1,4-DBeq | 1.4×108 | 5.69×106 | -1.1×108 |
| 陆地生态毒性/kg1,4-DBeq | 158 | 13.2 | -113 |
| 光化学臭氧/kgC2H4eq | 11.6 | 0.59 | -8.45 |
| 酸化/kgSO2eq | 272 | 15.8 | -206 |
| 水体富营养化/kgNeq | 194 | 3.6 | -151 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921533332349774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=表9, caption=
CML-IA baseline特征化结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响类别 | 原材料获取 | 产品生产 | 废弃物处理 |
|---|
| 非生物矿产资源消耗/kgSbeq | 1.31 | 0.0019 | -1.03 |
| 非生物化石能源消耗/MJ | 8.2×104 | 3.12×104 | -1.05×104 |
| 全球变暖影响/kgCO2e | 7.13×103 | 3.53×103 | -1.85×103 |
| 臭氧层破坏/kgCFC-11eq | 0.000 3 | 2.62×10-5 | -0.0002 |
| 人体毒性/kg1,4-DBeq | 1.1×105 | 1.25×103 | -8.58×104 |
| 淡水生态毒性/kg1,4-DBeq | 5.29×104 | 1.4×103 | -3.99×104 |
| 海水生态毒性/kg1,4-DBeq | 1.4×108 | 5.69×106 | -1.1×108 |
| 陆地生态毒性/kg1,4-DBeq | 158 | 13.2 | -113 |
| 光化学臭氧/kgC2H4eq | 11.6 | 0.59 | -8.45 |
| 酸化/kgSO2eq | 272 | 15.8 | -206 |
| 水体富营养化/kgNeq | 194 | 3.6 | -151 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921533399458639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=
ReCipe 2016 midpoint characterization results
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| 影响类别 | 原材料获取 | 产品生产 | 废弃物处理 |
|---|
| 全球变暖/kgCO2e | 7.36×103 | 3.64×103 | -1.81×103 |
| 臭氧层消耗/kgCFC11eq | 0.0076 | 0.000 8 | -0.005 8 |
| 电离辐射/kBqCo-60eq | 281 | 57.2 | -198 |
| 臭氧形成,人类健康/kgNOxeq | 40.3 | 10.1 | -24.7 |
| 细颗粒物形成/kgPM2.5eq | 80.9 | 5.62 | -61.1 |
| 光化学臭氧形成,生态系统/kgNOxeq | 41.2 | 10.1 | -25.3 |
| 陆地酸化/kgSO2eq | 227 | 12.6 | -173 |
| 淡水富营养化/kgPeq | 59.8 | 0.719 | -47.3 |
| 海洋富营养化/kgNeq | 3.29 | 0.0445 | -2.62 |
| 陆地生态毒性/kg1,4-DCB | 1.47×106 | 3.26×103 | -1.17×106 |
| 淡水生态毒性/kg1,4-DCB | 1.09×104 | 115 | -8.43×103 |
| 海洋生态毒性/kg1,4-DCB | 1.57×104 | 147 | -1.22×104 |
| 人类致癌毒性/kg1,4-DCB | 4.29×103 | 112 | -2.97×103 |
| 人类非致癌毒性/kg1,4-DCB | 3.93×105 | 1.15×103 | -3.12×105 |
| 土地利用/m2a crop eq | 320 | 44.3 | -242 |
| 矿场资源稀缺/kgCueq | 947 | 1.96 | -723 |
| 化石资源耗竭/kgCueq | 1.87×103 | 708 | -283 |
| 水消耗/m3 | 134 | 8.99 | 22 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921533491733328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=表10, caption=
ReCipe 2016中点特征化结果
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| 影响类别 | 原材料获取 | 产品生产 | 废弃物处理 |
|---|
| 全球变暖/kgCO2e | 7.36×103 | 3.64×103 | -1.81×103 |
| 臭氧层消耗/kgCFC11eq | 0.0076 | 0.000 8 | -0.005 8 |
| 电离辐射/kBqCo-60eq | 281 | 57.2 | -198 |
| 臭氧形成,人类健康/kgNOxeq | 40.3 | 10.1 | -24.7 |
| 细颗粒物形成/kgPM2.5eq | 80.9 | 5.62 | -61.1 |
| 光化学臭氧形成,生态系统/kgNOxeq | 41.2 | 10.1 | -25.3 |
| 陆地酸化/kgSO2eq | 227 | 12.6 | -173 |
| 淡水富营养化/kgPeq | 59.8 | 0.719 | -47.3 |
| 海洋富营养化/kgNeq | 3.29 | 0.0445 | -2.62 |
| 陆地生态毒性/kg1,4-DCB | 1.47×106 | 3.26×103 | -1.17×106 |
| 淡水生态毒性/kg1,4-DCB | 1.09×104 | 115 | -8.43×103 |
| 海洋生态毒性/kg1,4-DCB | 1.57×104 | 147 | -1.22×104 |
| 人类致癌毒性/kg1,4-DCB | 4.29×103 | 112 | -2.97×103 |
| 人类非致癌毒性/kg1,4-DCB | 3.93×105 | 1.15×103 | -3.12×105 |
| 土地利用/m2a crop eq | 320 | 44.3 | -242 |
| 矿场资源稀缺/kgCueq | 947 | 1.96 | -723 |
| 化石资源耗竭/kgCueq | 1.87×103 | 708 | -283 |
| 水消耗/m3 | 134 | 8.99 | 22 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921533579813713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=
ReCipe 2016 endpoint impact results
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| 损害类别 | 原材料获取 | 产品生产 | 废弃物处理 |
|---|
| 人类健康 | 0.162 | 0.007 58 | -0.121 |
| 生态系统损耗 | 0.000 145 | 1.53×10-5 | -9.97×10-5 |
| 资源损耗 | 707 | 70.9 | -152 |
), ArticleFig(id=1304921533655311186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921527565181696, language=CN, label=表11, caption=
ReCipe 2016终点影响结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 损害类别 | 原材料获取 | 产品生产 | 废弃物处理 |
|---|
| 人类健康 | 0.162 | 0.007 58 | -0.121 |
| 生态系统损耗 | 0.000 145 | 1.53×10-5 | -9.97×10-5 |
| 资源损耗 | 707 | 70.9 | -152 |
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