Article(id=1304921526617273113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756656000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-01, revisedDate=1761667200000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047136215, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1773936000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047136215, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047136215, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047136215, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304921526004904728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773936000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047136068, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789118116024, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305219237560217894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305219237560217895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304921526856348443, articleId=1304921526617273113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Design and properties of bio-based epoxy resin constructed via Schiff base dynamic covalent bonds, columnId=1304921526780850970, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Special Issue on Low-carbon Environmental Protection Advanced Insulation Materials, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Under the "dual carbon" goals, traditional epoxy resins, which are depend on petrochemical feedstocks and are non-recyclable, have severely hindered the current transformation of power systems. Developing low-carbon and environmental friendly epoxy resins has become a research focus. This study adopted a “rigidity-flexibility” balancing strategy to prepare a bio-based epoxy resin with Schiff base dynamic covalent bonds cured directly by an aldehyde-terminated bio-based epoxy crosslinker and a diamine. Its mechanical properties, insulation performance, and property changes before and after multiple recycling processes were investigated. The results show that the novel epoxy resin achieves a tensile strength of 70.1 MPa and an electric strength of 130 kV/mm. This dynamically cross-linked epoxy resin can be effectively reprocessed and recycled via solvent, retaining a tensile strength of 58.8 MPa and an electric strength of 111 kV/mm after multiple reprocessing cycles.

, authors=Yang ZHANG1, Wenye ZHANG1, Weijie ZHOU1, Baoquan WAN2, Junwen REN3, Junwei ZHA1, 4, *, authorsList=Yang ZHANG, Wenye ZHANG, Weijie ZHOU, Baoquan WAN, Junwen REN, Junwei ZHA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Junwei ZHA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304921529599423281, articleId=1304921526617273113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=基于希夫碱动态共价键的生物基环氧树脂设计及性能研究, columnId=1304921527053480732, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=低碳环保先进绝缘材料专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

“双碳”目标下,依赖于石油化工原料且不可回收的传统环氧树脂严重阻碍了当前电力系统转型,发展低碳环保型环氧树脂已成为当前研究的热点。本文采用刚柔并济的策略制备了一种由醛基封端的生物基环氧交联剂与二胺直接固化的含希夫碱动态共价键生物基环氧树脂,并研究其力学性能、绝缘性能和多次回收再利用前后的性能变化。结果表明:新型环氧树脂的拉伸强度可达70.1 MPa,电气强度可达130 kV/mm。该动态交联环氧树脂可以有效实现再加工与溶剂回收,多次再加工后仍然保持58.8 MPa的拉伸强度和111 kV/mm的电气强度。

, authors=张阳1, 张文业1, 周伟杰1, 万宝全2, 任俊文3, 查俊伟1, 4, *, authorsList=张阳, 张文业, 周伟杰, 万宝全, 任俊文, 查俊伟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=查俊伟, authorNote=

张阳(1999-),男(汉族),陕西安康人,博士生,主要从事电工绝缘环氧树脂的研究

, correspAuthorsNote=
查俊伟(1982-),男(汉族),安徽安庆人,教授,主要从事先进电工绝缘材料及器件的研究。
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张阳(1999-),男(汉族),陕西安康人,博士生,主要从事电工绝缘环氧树脂的研究

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caption=Electric strength of DDCM/GTE-Vans epoxy resin before and after reprocessing, figureFileSmall=JgXM/NtVWUtGK4JkKpxItw==, figureFileBig=gL7UL0wcTRgLA2oHmySx4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921535467254648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921526617273113, language=CN, label=图9, caption=DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂再加工前后的电气强度, figureFileSmall=JgXM/NtVWUtGK4JkKpxItw==, figureFileBig=gL7UL0wcTRgLA2oHmySx4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921535525974905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921526617273113, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Solvent recovery tests of DDCM/E-51 and DDCM/GTE-Vans epoxy resins, figureFileSmall=qOBSbqyp05iNAom37EfDqg==, figureFileBig=hbo9bFJEGZmtq2A0qEGv2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921535588889466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921526617273113, language=CN, label=图10, caption=DDCM/E-51与DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂的溶剂回收试验, figureFileSmall=qOBSbqyp05iNAom37EfDqg==, figureFileBig=hbo9bFJEGZmtq2A0qEGv2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304921535668581243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921526617273113, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Properties comparison of DDCM/E-51 and DDCM/GTE-Vans epoxy resins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品拉伸强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%介质损耗因数(103 Hz)再加工性溶剂回收
DDCM/GTE-Vans70.1±1.26.9±0.60.018±0.002
DDCM/E-5168.2±0.75.5±0.70.006±0.002××
), ArticleFig(id=1304921535739884412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304921526617273113, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

DDCM/E-51与DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂性能对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品拉伸强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%介质损耗因数(103 Hz)再加工性溶剂回收
DDCM/GTE-Vans70.1±1.26.9±0.60.018±0.002
DDCM/E-5168.2±0.75.5±0.70.006±0.002××
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基于希夫碱动态共价键的生物基环氧树脂设计及性能研究
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张阳 1 , 张文业 1 , 周伟杰 1 , 万宝全 2 , 任俊文 3 , 查俊伟 1, 4, *
绝缘材料 | 低碳环保先进绝缘材料专题 2026,59(3): 1-8
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绝缘材料 |低碳环保先进绝缘材料专题 2026 , 59 (3) : 1 -8
基于希夫碱动态共价键的生物基环氧树脂设计及性能研究
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张阳1, 张文业1, 周伟杰1, 万宝全2, 任俊文3, 查俊伟1, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1北京科技大学 化学与生物工程学院,北京 100083
  • 2清华大学 新型电力系统运行与控制全国重点实验室,北京 100084
  • 3四川大学 电气工程学院,四川 成都 610065
  • 4华北电力大学 电气与电子工程学院 新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206
通讯作者:
查俊伟(1982-),男(汉族),安徽安庆人,教授,主要从事先进电工绝缘材料及器件的研究。
作者简介:

张阳(1999-),男(汉族),陕西安康人,博士生,主要从事电工绝缘环氧树脂的研究

Design and properties of bio-based epoxy resin constructed via Schiff base dynamic covalent bonds
Yang ZHANG1, Wenye ZHANG1, Weijie ZHOU1, Baoquan WAN2, Junwen REN3, Junwei ZHA1, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 3College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
  • 4State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
出版时间: 2026-03-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.001
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“双碳”目标下,依赖于石油化工原料且不可回收的传统环氧树脂严重阻碍了当前电力系统转型,发展低碳环保型环氧树脂已成为当前研究的热点。本文采用刚柔并济的策略制备了一种由醛基封端的生物基环氧交联剂与二胺直接固化的含希夫碱动态共价键生物基环氧树脂,并研究其力学性能、绝缘性能和多次回收再利用前后的性能变化。结果表明:新型环氧树脂的拉伸强度可达70.1 MPa,电气强度可达130 kV/mm。该动态交联环氧树脂可以有效实现再加工与溶剂回收,多次再加工后仍然保持58.8 MPa的拉伸强度和111 kV/mm的电气强度。

环氧树脂  /  生物基  /  动态交联  /  溶剂回收  /  可再加工

Under the "dual carbon" goals, traditional epoxy resins, which are depend on petrochemical feedstocks and are non-recyclable, have severely hindered the current transformation of power systems. Developing low-carbon and environmental friendly epoxy resins has become a research focus. This study adopted a “rigidity-flexibility” balancing strategy to prepare a bio-based epoxy resin with Schiff base dynamic covalent bonds cured directly by an aldehyde-terminated bio-based epoxy crosslinker and a diamine. Its mechanical properties, insulation performance, and property changes before and after multiple recycling processes were investigated. The results show that the novel epoxy resin achieves a tensile strength of 70.1 MPa and an electric strength of 130 kV/mm. This dynamically cross-linked epoxy resin can be effectively reprocessed and recycled via solvent, retaining a tensile strength of 58.8 MPa and an electric strength of 111 kV/mm after multiple reprocessing cycles.

epoxy resin  /  bio-based  /  dynamic crosslinking  /  solvent recovery  /  reprocessable
张阳, 张文业, 周伟杰, 万宝全, 任俊文, 查俊伟. 基于希夫碱动态共价键的生物基环氧树脂设计及性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (3) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.001
Yang ZHANG, Wenye ZHANG, Weijie ZHOU, Baoquan WAN, Junwen REN, Junwei ZHA. Design and properties of bio-based epoxy resin constructed via Schiff base dynamic covalent bonds[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (3) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.001
“双碳”目标下,电气设备正朝着低碳环保方向快速发展,这对传统绝缘材料提出了新的要求[1]。环氧树脂作为电气系统的基础绝缘材料之一,广泛应用于电缆终端、电机、变压器、绝缘子、电子封装等领域[2-4]。然而,在电工绝缘环氧树脂的服役过程中,因长期受热-电-力场耦合作用,往往会形成缺陷并逐步扩展,最终导致电击穿等绝缘失效现象[5]。同时,传统环氧树脂固有的永久三维交联网络结构,表现出典型不溶、不熔特性,一旦在服役中遭受破坏,难以回收再利用[6]。不仅如此,严重依赖于石油化工资源为原料的传统环氧树脂也伴随着高碳排放问题,这些都严重阻碍了新型电力系统的发展。
为了实现环氧树脂的绿色和可持续发展,生物基动态交联环氧树脂近年来受到众多研究者的青睐。目前生物基原料来源广泛,包括腰果酚[7]、蓖麻油[8]、甘油[9]、香草醛(Vans)[10]和糠醛[11]等。这些生物基原料因其独特的化学结构,在替代传统石油化工原料的同时还能赋予环氧树脂更优的性能[8]。如MA J P等[12]使用香草醛为原料制备了香草醛基环氧树脂,并赋予了环氧树脂更优异的机械强度和阻燃性能。
此外,动态共价聚合物网络的设计有望进一步推进低碳环保型电工环氧树脂的发展[13-15]。通过引入不同类型的动态共价键,如酯键[16]、二硫键[17]、受阻脲键[18]、希夫碱键[19]等,在一定的外界刺激条件(如热、酸、碱等)下,材料可通过共价键的可逆解聚或交换反应而具有自愈性、再加工性或降解性[20-21]。其中希夫碱键可以在温和条件下进行歧化、水解等多种动态反应,受到了大量学者的关注。如LIU X H等[22]以廉价的对苯二甲醛和普通双酚A二缩水甘油醚为原料,聚醚氨为固化剂,采用一锅法合成了一系列基于动态希夫碱键的环氧聚合物,研究表明该材料在高希夫碱键密度与高柔性链段含量下保持了良好的动态性能,具有一定的自愈性、可再加工性和热适应形状记忆性能,但这大幅牺牲了材料的力学性能,其拉伸强度仅为51.8 MPa。FEI M等[23]以市售的二胺、双醛和双酚A环氧树脂为原料,采用一锅法合成了一种低黏度的希夫碱玻璃体树脂,其在弱酸性溶液(0.2 mol/L HCl)中可有效实现水解。然而为了保证希夫碱键良好的动态性能,引入了大量柔性单体Jeffamine EDR-148,导致材料力学性能严重下降,拉伸强度仅为53.1 MPa。当前关于希夫碱动态环氧树脂的研究策略大多都集中于以高含量柔性链段增强环氧树脂的动态性能,但会大幅牺牲环氧树脂的力学性能。
因此,为了解决当前希夫碱动态环氧树脂力学性能与动态性能间的矛盾,本文摒弃传统的高含量柔性链段增强动态性能设计策略,构建一个“刚柔并济”的希夫碱动态网络。该网络以刚性生物基原料香草醛和脂环胺为刚性节点,以生物基原料甘油三(1,2-环氧)丙醚(GTE)为柔性核,使得动态希夫碱键直接连接在两个刚性单元之间。其中刚性骨架承担主要机械应力,赋予材料良好的机械强度。同时处于柔性核末端的醛基活性位点在热/酸刺激下,使分子链拥有良好的运动能力,赋予材料良好的动态性能和温和的再加工条件,有效延长材料的使用寿命。此外,生物基原料的使用将有效减少环氧树脂生产过程中的高碳排放,有望推进新型电力系统的进一步发展。
E-51环氧树脂、甘油三(1,2-环氧)丙醚(GTE)、2,4,6-三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚(DMP-30)、4,4′-二氨基二环己基甲烷(DDCM),均为分析纯,北京迈瑞达科技有限公司;香草醛(Vans),分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),分析纯,北京蓝弋化工产品有限公司。
称取10 g GTE和9.74 g Vans分别置于20 mL的DMF溶剂中,超声振荡30 min使其完全溶解。将两种溶液混合于250 mL圆底烧瓶中,在120℃油浴锅中机械搅拌8 h得到黄色GTE-Vans交联剂的DMF溶液。待溶液冷却至室温后置于真空烘箱中在50℃真空的条件下挥发溶剂,最终得到黄棕色黏稠GTE-Vans交联剂。
DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂和DDCM/E-51环氧树脂的合成路径如图1所示。
DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂的制备:称取2 g GTE-Vans交联剂和0.69 g DDCM分别置于5 mL的DMF溶剂中,超声振荡30 min使其完全溶解。将两种溶液混合于50 mL烧杯中,室温机械搅拌60 min直至混合均匀。随后将混合溶液倒入尺寸为50 mm×50 mm×5 mm的聚四氟乙烯模具中。将模具置于鼓风干燥箱中在80℃下烘焙2 h使溶剂挥发,然后按100℃/1 h+140℃/2 h程序固化,脱膜后制得DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂。
DDCM/E-51环氧树脂的制备:称取2 g E-51环氧树脂和0.62 g DDCM分别置于5 mL的DMF溶剂中,超声振荡30 min使其完全溶解。将溶液混合于50 mL烧杯中,并滴入1滴DMP-30,在室温下机械搅拌60 min直至混合均匀。随后将混合溶液倒入尺寸为50 mm×50 mm×5 mm的聚四氟乙烯模具中。将模具置于鼓风干燥箱中在80℃下烘焙2 h使溶剂挥发,然后按100℃/1 h+140℃/2 h程序固化,脱膜后制得DDCM/E-51环氧树脂。
使用万能材料试验机(5969型,美国INSTRON公司)在13 mm/min的拉伸速率下测定样品(哑铃型,尺寸为35 mm×2 mm×20 mm)的力学性能。使用差示扫描量热仪(DSC,DSC-60型,日本SHIMADZU公司)测定样品的玻璃化转变温度(Tg),测试温度区间为40~130℃,升温速率为5℃/min。使用宽频介电谱仪(Concept 40型,德国Novocontrol公司)测定样品的宽频介电特征。使用球电极直流击穿试验仪(DC-2010型,国家电网公司)测定样品的电气强度。样品的吸湿性通过去离子水浸泡前后的质量变化测定,吸湿样品干燥后再测定力学性能。
图2是DDCM/E-51与DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂样品的应力-应变曲线。从图2可以看出,DDCM/E-51在达到最大应力后迅速断裂,表现出典型的脆性断裂特征,最大断裂伸长率为5.5%,最大拉伸强度为68.2 MPa。而DDCM/GTE-Vans在达到最大应力后出现了明显的颈缩过程,属于典型的韧性断裂特征,其最大断裂伸长率为6.9%,最大拉伸强度达70.1 MPa[24]。值得注意的是,相较于DDCM/E-51,DDCM/GTE-Vans中大量柔性链段(GTE)的引入并未导致材料整体拉伸强度的下降,反而出现了略微提升。这是由于DDCM/GTE-Vans体系相较于DDCM/E-51具有更多的交联点位,可带来更高的交联程度,大幅改善了柔性链段所导致的强度下降问题,同时大量的柔性链段也提高了材料的韧性。
图3是DDCM/E-51与DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂的DSC曲线。从图3可以看出,DDCM/GTE-Vans的玻璃化转变温度(Tg=71.4℃)明显低于DDCM/E-51的Tg(95.4℃),说明其分子链运动能力更强。这是因为GTE-Vans单元中存在大量的醚键作为柔性单元,具有较高的内旋转自由度,可以有效降低链段运动的能垒,使聚合物链在较低温度下即可发生从玻璃态到高弹态的转变[25]
亚胺键对水敏感,长期在高湿度环境中工作可能会出现明显的性能下降。因此将DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂置于去离子水中分别浸泡0、1、3、5、7天,以测定DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂潮湿环境下的稳定性,浸泡后其吸湿率和力学性能变化分别如图4图5所示。从图4可以看出,随着浸泡时间的增加,环氧树脂出现了轻微的吸水现象,在第5天后吸水率基本达到稳定,最高可达14.6%。从图5可以看出,虽然在浸泡过程中材料出现了吸水现象,但浸泡后材料性能并未发生严重下降,如浸泡7天后材料拉伸强度为62.3 MPa,为初始样品的88.8%,表明DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂在高湿度环境下仍然具有良好的应用潜力。
环氧树脂的绝缘性能在服役过程中具有重要意义,DDCM/E-51与DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂的介电常数与介质损耗因数如图6所示。从图6可以看出,DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂在整个频率范围内均表现出比DDCM/E-51更高的介电常数和介质损耗因数。这一现象主要归因于GTE-Vans单体分子中引入的额外极性结构单元,如醚键(-O-)和羟基(-OH),显著增强了聚合物分子链的极性与可极化性。在交变电场作用下,这些极性基团会发生显著的取向极化和电子位移极化,从而宏观表现为较高的介电常数。同时,介质损耗因数的增大源于极化弛豫过程中能量的耗散。极性基团在外加电场中发生重新取向时,需克服与周围链段及分子间作用力所产生的旋转阻力和内摩擦,部分电能转化为热能耗散。尤其在高频区域,电场方向变化速率接近或超过偶极子弛豫的速率,导致极化响应滞后效应加剧,弛豫损耗显著上升。因此,DDCM/GTE-Vans中更多的极性单元不仅提升了材料的介电极化能力,也导致了更强的弛豫损耗,使其介电性能在整体上呈现出更高的介电常数与介质损耗因数[26]
相较于DDCM/E-51的永久交联结构,DDCM/GTE-Vans独特的动态希夫碱结构能够在高温下进行歧化反应,从而赋予其动态可回收的特性,如图1希夫碱的歧化反应所示。为了评估环氧树脂的动态性能,本研究对两种样品进行了再加工处理,如图7所示,将DDCM/E-51与DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂剪成小块,再在110℃、3 MPa下热压10 min。从图7可以看出,没有希夫碱结构的DDCM/E-51环氧树脂热压后没有变化,说明没有动态交联结构的DDCM/E-51环氧树脂由于其内部的永久交联结构而不能被再加工;而具有丰富动态希夫碱键的DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂在热压后形成了表面光滑且结构良好的样品膜。这是由于在高于Tg的温度下,具有动态交联结构的DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂分子链运动加快,同时希夫碱键在高温下开始发生歧化反应,断裂的分子链重新交联,使得环氧树脂具有良好的再加工特性。此外相较于其他类玻璃体可回收环氧树脂体系,DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂具有更低的再加工温度和压力以及更短的再加工时间,这是由于高交联结构和丰富的柔性链段结构赋予了DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂良好的力学性能与分子链运动能力,在温度高于Tg时,大量的柔性链段使得分子链运动能力更强,希夫碱歧化反应更加剧烈,从而使得DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂具有较低的再加工温度和压力以及更短的再加工时间。
图8为多次再加工后DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂的应力-应变曲线。从图8可以看出,再加工的DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂的力学性能略有下降,这是由于材料在剪切过程中伴随着不可避免的永久交联共价键断裂[27]。其中在第三次再加工后,材料仍然能保持58.8 MPa的拉伸强度和5.3%的断裂伸长率,回收效率达80%以上,保证了DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂在多次再加工后仍然具有良好的可靠性。
图9为再加工前后DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂的电气强度变化,电气强度测试值使用双参数Weibull分布进行分析,如式(1)所示。
PE=1-exp-EiEb
式(1)中:P(E)是击穿失效的累积概率;Ei是试验电气强度;Eb是击穿概率为63.2%时对应的Weibull特性电气强度;β是形状参数,反映试验数据的离散性[28]
图9可以看出,DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂再加工后的电气强度由130 kV/mm降低至111 kV/mm,保持在再加工前的85%以上,说明再加工后的DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂保持了优异的绝缘性能,仍然具有良好的应用价值。
先前的研究表明,动态希夫碱键作为一种特殊的可逆化学键,在酸性条件下具有一定的水解性[29],如图1希夫碱的水解反应所示。因此,为了探究具有动态希夫碱结构的DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂的溶剂回收性能,本研究使用0.1 mol/L的HCl/DMF溶液对DDCM/E-51与DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂进行了溶剂回收试验,如图10所示。从图10可以看出,由于希夫碱键的存在,DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂在酸性条件下表现出极快的溶解速率,在30 min时溶液逐渐变为褐色,在1 h时已经完全溶解,表现出明显的溶解现象。而不具有动态希夫碱键的DDCM/E-51环氧树脂在1 h后仍未出现任何溶解的趋势。这是由于在H+作用下,希夫碱键结构会被分解为含醛基和氨基的小分子结构,而DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂中的希夫碱键被破坏后重新分解为GTE-Vans和DDCM。此后将DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂降解后的溶液在鼓风干燥箱中以80℃/2 h+100℃/1 h+140℃/2 h的条件重新反应,结果表明降解后的DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂能够有效地重新固化。
表1总结了DDCM/E-51与DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂的各项性能,测试样品均使用3个平行样品,测定结果取“平均值±标准差”。从表1可以看出,DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂表现出显著优势。
本研究采用刚柔并济的策略,将一种醛基封端的柔性生物基环氧树脂交联剂GTE-Vans与刚性基团DDCM直接固化,制备了具有优异力学性能且温和条件可回收的生物基环氧树脂DDCM/GTE-Vans,并与DDCM/E-51环氧树脂的性能进行了比较,得出以下结论:
(1)相较于DDCM/E-51环氧树脂,DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂具有更高的拉伸强度(70.1 MPa)和断裂伸长率(6.9%)。
(2)DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂由于含有更多的极性基团,具有更高的相对介电常数和介质损耗因数。
(3)DDCM/GTE-Vans环氧树脂可以在100℃下实现多次再加工,在3次再加工后仍然保持80%以上的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。此外,该环氧树脂能够在酸性溶液中进行回收。

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2026年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.001
  • 接收时间:2025-09-01
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-01
  • 修回日期:2025-10-29
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    1北京科技大学 化学与生物工程学院,北京 100083
    2清华大学 新型电力系统运行与控制全国重点实验室,北京 100084
    3四川大学 电气工程学院,四川 成都 610065
    4华北电力大学 电气与电子工程学院 新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206

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查俊伟(1982-),男(汉族),安徽安庆人,教授,主要从事先进电工绝缘材料及器件的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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