Article(id=1242757049952616556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1242757048333611957, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.12.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1611936000000, receivedDateStr=2021-01-30, revisedDate=1614096000000, revisedDateStr=2021-02-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774225970018, onlineDateStr=2026-03-23, pubDate=1639929600000, pubDateStr=2021-12-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774225970018, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774225970018, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774225970018, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242757048333611957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774225969632, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774226074518, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242757488324494073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1242757048333611957, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242757488324494074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1242757048333611957, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=32, endPage=37, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242757050330103924, articleId=1242757049952616556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Solvent-free Preparation and Characterization of Thermal Insulating Composite with Light Weight and High Strength, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A series of thermal insulating EPG composite with high performance and light wight were prepared through solvent-free BMC thermocompression technique using multifunctional group epoxy resin (MF4101) as matrix, methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride as curing agent, and hollow glass beads with high strength as filler and thermal insulating phase. And the structure, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of the composite were studied. The results show that the average particle size of hollow glass beads is 25.6 μm, and it remains intact in the composite. When the amount of hollow glass beads is 80, 120, and 140 phr, the density of EPG composite is 0.82, 0.72, and 0.71 g/cm3, respectively; the compressive strength is 105.7, 68.1, and 67.4 MPa, respectively; the thermal conductivity is low, the value is 0.012 9, 0.085 4, and 0.0826 W/(m·K), respectively. Besides, with high glass transition temperatures and epitaxial degradation temperatures (>300℃), the EGP composite material can be used under high temperature and high pressure for a long time.

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以多功能团环氧树脂MF4101为基体树脂,甲基四氢苯酐为固化剂,高强度中空玻珠为填料和隔热相,采用无溶剂BMC热压技术,成功制备了一系列高性能轻质隔热EPG复合材料,并对其结构、力学性能和热性能进行了研究。结果表明:中空玻珠平均粒径为25.6 μm,且在材料中保持完整;当中空玻珠添加量为80、120、140份时,EPG复合材料的密度分别为0.82、0.72、0.71 g/cm3,压缩强度分别为105.7、68.1、67.4 MPa,且表现出低的导热系数,分别为0.102 9、0.085 4、0.082 6 W/(m·K)。另外,EGP复合材料具有高的玻璃化转变温度及高的外延分解温度(>300℃),说明该材料可以在高温、高压环境中长期使用。

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冯献起(1983-),男(汉族),山东聊城人,高级工程师,主要从事功能复合材料的研究。
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李博(1996-),女(汉族),河南周口人,硕士生,主要从事热管理材料的研究。

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2北京理工大学 化学与化工学院,北京 100081, bio={"content":"

李博(1996-),女(汉族),河南周口人,硕士生,主要从事热管理材料的研究。

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李博(1996-),女(汉族),河南周口人,硕士生,主要从事热管理材料的研究。

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样品编号密度/(g/cm3)胶含量/%弯曲强度/MPa导热系数/(W/(m·K))
EPG800.8248.037.40.102 9
EPG1200.7241.635.20.085 4
EPG1400.7140.532.30.082 6
), ArticleFig(id=1245106601682649858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1242757049952616556, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

EPG样品的密度、胶含量、弯曲强度和导热系数

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样品编号密度/(g/cm3)胶含量/%弯曲强度/MPa导热系数/(W/(m·K))
EPG800.8248.037.40.102 9
EPG1200.7241.635.20.085 4
EPG1400.7140.532.30.082 6
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轻质、高强度隔热复合材料的无溶剂制备及性能研究
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李博 1, 2 , 李立军 1 , 杨朋飞 1 , 张金鑫 1 , 冯献起 1
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021,54(12): 32-37
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021, 54(12): 32-37
轻质、高强度隔热复合材料的无溶剂制备及性能研究
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李博1, 2, 李立军1, 杨朋飞1, 张金鑫1, 冯献起1
作者信息
  • 1北京新福润达绝缘材料有限责任公司 新材料研发中心,北京 101111
  • 2北京理工大学 化学与化工学院,北京 100081
  • 李博(1996-),女(汉族),河南周口人,硕士生,主要从事热管理材料的研究。

通讯作者:

冯献起(1983-),男(汉族),山东聊城人,高级工程师,主要从事功能复合材料的研究。
Solvent-free Preparation and Characterization of Thermal Insulating Composite with Light Weight and High Strength
Bo LI1, 2, Lijun LI1, Pengfei YANG1, Jinxin ZHANG1, Xianqi FENG1
Affiliations
  • 1R&D Center of Novel Materials, Beijing New Friend Insulation Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing 101111, China
  • 2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
出版时间: 2021-12-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.12.006
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以多功能团环氧树脂MF4101为基体树脂,甲基四氢苯酐为固化剂,高强度中空玻珠为填料和隔热相,采用无溶剂BMC热压技术,成功制备了一系列高性能轻质隔热EPG复合材料,并对其结构、力学性能和热性能进行了研究。结果表明:中空玻珠平均粒径为25.6 μm,且在材料中保持完整;当中空玻珠添加量为80、120、140份时,EPG复合材料的密度分别为0.82、0.72、0.71 g/cm3,压缩强度分别为105.7、68.1、67.4 MPa,且表现出低的导热系数,分别为0.102 9、0.085 4、0.082 6 W/(m·K)。另外,EGP复合材料具有高的玻璃化转变温度及高的外延分解温度(>300℃),说明该材料可以在高温、高压环境中长期使用。

轻质  /  高强度  /  隔热复合材料

A series of thermal insulating EPG composite with high performance and light wight were prepared through solvent-free BMC thermocompression technique using multifunctional group epoxy resin (MF4101) as matrix, methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride as curing agent, and hollow glass beads with high strength as filler and thermal insulating phase. And the structure, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of the composite were studied. The results show that the average particle size of hollow glass beads is 25.6 μm, and it remains intact in the composite. When the amount of hollow glass beads is 80, 120, and 140 phr, the density of EPG composite is 0.82, 0.72, and 0.71 g/cm3, respectively; the compressive strength is 105.7, 68.1, and 67.4 MPa, respectively; the thermal conductivity is low, the value is 0.012 9, 0.085 4, and 0.0826 W/(m·K), respectively. Besides, with high glass transition temperatures and epitaxial degradation temperatures (>300℃), the EGP composite material can be used under high temperature and high pressure for a long time.

light weight  /  high strength  /  thermal insulating composite
李博, 李立军, 杨朋飞, 张金鑫, 冯献起. 轻质、高强度隔热复合材料的无溶剂制备及性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (12) : 32 -37 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.12.006
Bo LI, Lijun LI, Pengfei YANG, Jinxin ZHANG, Xianqi FENG. Solvent-free Preparation and Characterization of Thermal Insulating Composite with Light Weight and High Strength[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (12) : 32 -37 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.12.006
随着能源危机和环境污染等生态问题的日益加剧,对高效能源管理材料提出了更高要求[1]。开发和制备热管理材料成为新材料研究的热点,受到科学工作者和工业界的广泛关注。另外,高效的热管理系统是新型电子器件及工业设备设计的关键,而聚合物及其复合材料在热管理系统设计中占据重要地位[2]。作为热管理材料的典型代表,隔热保温材料可有效降低能源浪费,提高能源利用效率,在建筑、工业设备、航空航天设备及能源存储领域获得普遍应用[3-4]。同时,热传导机理的研究及模型构建对新型隔热复合材料的开发和研究起到巨大的促进作用。热量的传递机制包括热传导、热对流和热辐射3种,因此可从传热机理方面入手对隔热材料进行结构设计和选型[5]
隔热材料是指具有绝热性能、对热流可起屏蔽作用的材料或材料复合体,通常具有轻质、疏松、多孔、导热系数小的特点,工业上广泛用于防止热加工设备及管道的热量散失,或者在冷冻和低温条件下使用,因此隔热材料又称为保温或保冷材料。同时,隔热材料的多孔或空腔结构具有良好的吸声功能,因此也广泛用于建筑行业[6]。根据材质可分为无机隔热材料、有机隔热材料、金属及其夹层隔热材料。聚合物及聚合物基复合材料由于其附加功能可以满足众多隔热需求而成为隔热材料领域重要的基材之一[7]。纵观热传导过程,声子在界面处的散射是降低聚合物基复合材料导热系数的重要因素。作为能量载体,声子传输主要受到3个因素影响,包括官能团移动速度、平均自由程和比热容[5]。另外,隔热材料的导热性能不仅与填料的导热系数有关,还与填料的形貌、功能特性、界面及填料-聚合物基体的热传递累积效应有关。因此对聚合物链和界面微尺度热传导的机制探讨将对聚合物基隔热复合材料的设计与制备具有重要意义[8]
在隔热复合材料中,声子散射主要由填料-基体性质失配所形成的界面热阻决定。隔热复合材料内部的声子散射可根据能量交换形式分为3类:声子-声子散射、声子-杂质散射和声子-边界散射。对于隔热复合材料,导热系数主要由填料、基体的本质属性及填料-基体间的相互作用确定,并且填料可以显著提高材料的导热性能[9]。界面,作为连接填料与基体的关键区域,其性质与基体材料存在明显区别。外加填料可改变聚合物基体的结构和性质,同时导致具有独特性质界面层的形成。该界面层往往具有与基体区别显著的物理化学性质,如玻璃化转变温度、介电常数、结晶度及导热系数等。因此,引入经由表面修饰的适配填料是制备理想隔热复合材料的关键因素之一[10]
近年来,树脂基轻质隔热复合材料具有高比强度、高比模量、低密度、可设计加工等一系列突出优点而备受关注。其中,有机-无机复合泡沫(主要指树脂-中空玻珠复合材料)的研究多集中在轻质、耐热、隔热等方面,应用背景多集中在航空航天领域,而在热加工设备中的应用研究较少。树脂基-空心玻璃微珠轻质隔热复合材料作为一种闭孔泡沫体复合材料,是由中空玻璃微珠分散在树脂基体材料中合成的[11]。同时,随着树脂基体和玻璃微珠工业技术的进步,玻璃微珠的轻质、高强度、闭孔结构及其与环氧树脂具有良好的相容性,引起材料界学者高度重视和关注,推动其在航空航天、电子封装、吸声隔音、隔热保温等领域的应用和拓展[12]。然而,常见的隔热复合材料通常强度不高(压缩强度<20 MPa),如YANG H Y等[13]制备的酚醛树脂@中空玻珠复合材料压缩强度为14.8 MPa(导热系数为0.102 4W/(m·K)),无法满足热压机等设备对材料强度的要求。因此,开发高强度隔热复合材料是工业应用的需求。
结合材料制备过程中溶剂的挥发与排放对环境的重大影响,开展无溶剂体系制备高强度隔热复合材料具有科学性和先进性。本研究以低黏度环氧树脂为基体,以高强度中空玻珠为填料,以甲基四氢苯酐(MeTHPA)为固化剂,采用BMC模压工艺,一步成型制备高强度隔热复合材料。在该环氧树脂基隔热复合材料体系内,通过改变中空玻珠的填充量以及采用不同粒径的中空玻珠制备隔热复合材料,测试隔热复合材料的密度、力学以及隔热性能,探索出优质的隔热复合材料。
四官能缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂MF4101(99%,黏度为3 000~7 000 mPa·s),湖北珍正峰新材料有限公司;中空玻珠HGS4026DQ(平均粒径为30 μm),马鞍山矿院新材料科技有限公司;甲基四氢苯酐(98%),鞍山润德化工有限公司;三氟化硼单乙胺(分析纯),武汉华翔科洁生物技术有限公司;阻燃剂三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯,济南豪邦化工有限公司;抗氧化剂V85-P,广东志一化工有限公司。所用药品及试剂在使用前不需进行预处理。
取环氧树脂MF4101(100份)、甲基四氢苯酐(40份)、三氟化硼单乙胺(0.25份)、三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(5份)、V85-P(1份)混合搅拌均匀,测定胶化时间控制在150~220 s,之后分别加入80、100、120、140份中空玻珠,混合搅拌均匀后,以捏合机低转速捏合20 min,成团状料,取出并置入模具中进行热压,初始压力为3 MPa,热压温度设定为120℃,热压2 h,之后升温至160℃,压力升高为5 MPa,热压2 h后升温至180℃,热压6 h,得到EPG样板。将加入80、100、120、140份中空玻珠的样品分别命名为EPG80、EPG100、EPG120和EPG140,中空玻珠以GMS表示。
采用Thermal Scientific公司的Nicolet 6700型红外光谱仪进行红外测试;玻璃化转变温度用TA公司生产的TMA Q400型热机械分析仪测定,升温速率为10℃/min,测定温度范围为25~300℃;中空玻珠及样品形貌采用FEI公司Quanta250型扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察;热失重实验采用精工电子纳米科技有限公司生产的TG-DTA6200型LABSYS热重分析仪进行测试,升温速率为10℃/min,氮气为保护气(流量为200 mL/min),测量温度范围为室温至800℃;力学性能采用珠海市三思泰捷电气设备有限公司生产的CMT-5105G型电子万能材料试验机进行测定。导热系数由NETZSCH HFM 446 Lambda热流法导热仪测定,测试样品尺寸为200 mm×200 mm×5 mm。
以低黏度环氧树脂MF4101为基体,以MeTHPA为固化剂,以中空玻珠为填料和隔热相,采用无溶剂方法(其反应过程如图1所示),由环氧树脂基体和中空玻珠的低导热特性及有机-无机界面热阻效应,制备轻质、高强度隔热复合材料;同时,采用高温热压工艺实现树脂基体与中空玻珠的充分粘合,保证材料的力学性能。另外,制备过程未使用任何有机或无机溶剂,实现全过程无VOC排放,将对绿色生产工艺设计及人工安全维护提供借鉴与保障。
为验证隔热复合材料的结构,首先对中空玻珠和隔热复合材料样品(EPG80、EPG120)进行红外光谱测试,结果如图2所示。从图2可以看出,中空玻珠在1 095 cm-1处出现1个强吸收峰,为Si-O-Si键反对称伸缩振动吸收峰,在804 cm-1处的中强吸收峰为Si-O-Si键的对称伸缩振动吸收峰,在3 738 cm-1处出现1个刺型峰,揭示Si-O-Si网络的形成。GMS的3个特征峰在EPG样品的红外吸收曲线上均可观察到,说明成功制备复合材料。另外,EPG80和EPG120的红外吸收曲线保持高度一致性,说明中空玻珠的添加量未对分子结构及分子链间相互作用产生显著影响。在EPG吸收曲线上,3 026 cm-1处的吸收峰为苯环上碳氢伸缩振动,而2 960 cm-1处的吸收峰为环氧树脂中甲基和亚甲基的伸缩振动吸收峰组;在1 737 cm-1处的吸收峰为酯羰基伸缩振动吸收,此外未观察到酸酐羰基吸收峰,说明MeTHPA中酸酐基团发生反应或分解较为完全。同时,1 616 cm-1和1 517 cm-1处的吸收峰为苯环的振动吸收峰。综上说明,树脂基中空玻珠隔热复合材料制备成功,同时,树脂与中空玻珠之间未观察到明显的相互作用,即二者之间存在有机-无机界面,该界面的存在可能对材料导热系数的降低有益。
为观察中空玻珠及EPG隔热复合材料的结构状态,以SEM对其结构和形貌进行了观察,结果如图3所示。从图3(a)可以看出,本研究所采用的中空玻珠为光滑、均匀球体,粒径在5~50 μm,平均粒径为26.8 μm,相对集中的粒径分布将有助于玻珠在树脂体系的均匀分散;壁厚为2~4 μm,说明中空玻珠具有大的空心结构。从图3(b)和3(c)可以看出,中空玻珠的球形结构在材料制备过程中基本没有破损,EPG140样品同EPG80相比,中空玻珠在树脂基体中的分布密度显著提高。对EPG140部分区域的放大图片(图3(d))显示,中空玻珠之间以树脂填充,在该放大倍数下,未观察到明显的孔隙,说明中空玻珠与树脂结合紧密,可以保证隔热复合材料相对较高的机械强度。综上可知,中空玻珠在EPG样品中结构保持完整,可有效提高隔热复合材料的热阻效果。
为验证EPG隔热复合材料的热稳定性及材料中中空玻珠的含量,对环氧浇注体(不添加中空玻珠,pure EP)和EPG样品进行热重分析,结果如图4所示。由图4可知,pure EP的外延分解温度为346℃,随中空玻珠的加入,其外延分解温度降低,且随着添加量的增加,该温度会进一步降低,EPG120为308℃,EPG140为306℃,说明中空玻珠的加入对树脂体系的结构稳定有影响或者部分破坏了树脂的三维交联结构。另由曲线可知,pure EP及EPG样品均表现有明显的二次分解温度(pure EP为638℃,EPG120和EPG140分别为577℃和564℃),可能是由于苯环结构在此温度下的分解所致。对于pure EP在800℃下的最终残留率(Rcy,可理解为残碳率)为2.51%,由此可估计EPG120(Rcy=54.09%)和EPG140(Rcy=59.79%)样品中中空玻珠的质量分数分别约为51.58%和57.28%。另外,各质量稳定平台的失重率如图所示,失重率的显著降低则说明中空玻珠可以作为热稳定的填料使用。同时,EPG样品相对较高的外延分解温度说明隔热复合材料可以满足高温工况(如250℃)下的长期使用需求。
为测定EPG材料的热力学性能,采用静态热机械分析仪对其进行玻璃化转变温度(Tg)测试,所得热机械分析曲线如图5所示。由图5可知,随中空玻珠添加量的增加,Tg随之升高,EPG80的Tg为124℃,EPG120的Tg为138℃,EPG140的Tg为140℃。通常来讲,树脂与无机材料复合后,复合材料的Tg会降低,而在此体系中,Tg则出现了升高,其原因可能在于中空玻珠添加量的增加,降低了树脂在材料中的体积分数,进而降低了随温度升高的体积膨胀率,因此表现出Tg升高。同时,该测试也反映出TMA测试方法的局限性,即复合材料随温度升高出现的体积膨胀并非真实的热力学状态。且根据经验分析,TMA测试方法与DSC测试方法相比,所得的结果可能偏低,偏差范围为20~30℃。另外,耐温试验显示,EPG样品可以经受多次循环高温(200℃~室温)试验,不会出现龟裂、起泡等现象,说明隔热复合材料可以在高温环境中长期使用。
对EPG样品力学性能进行分析,采用万能试验机测试其压缩强度,其压缩曲线如图6所示。由图6可知,3种样品均表现出较高的压缩强度(>50 MPa),EPG80、EPG120和EPG140的压缩强度分别为105.7、68.1、67.4 MPa,压缩模量分别为2.38、1.83、1.91 GPa,压缩应变均低于7%,均表现出较好的刚性。综上说明,EPG样品相较于传统的树脂基玻珠复合材料,具有高的机械强度,可以部分满足具有高强度要求的隔热保温应用需求。
为定量表征EPG样品的隔热效果,采用稳态热流法对3种样品进行了导热系数测试,同时对其密度、胶含量、弯曲强度进行了测试,结果见表1。由表1可知,3种EPG样品的密度均小于1.00 g/cm3,且随着中空玻珠含量的增加,密度进一步降低。由上文可知,EPG120和EPG140的中空玻珠质量分数、玻璃化转变温度和压缩强度均十分接近,它们的密度略高于中空玻珠自身的堆积密度(0.60 g/cm3),说明材料密度的进一步降低非常困难或难于实现。树脂与中空玻珠的充分浸润和粘合是高强度的基础,而进一步增加中空玻珠的含量,将存在无法完全浸润等问题。胶含量的测定在马弗炉中(600℃)完成,有机物在此温度下完全气化,所得结果更接近于真实的中空玻珠质量分数。根据胶含量计算得到EPG80、EPG120和EPG140样品中中空玻珠质量分数分别为52.0%、58.4%和59.5%。此结果与热重分析结果有一定差异,可能与玻珠中存在部分可燃物质有关(红外光谱中可见有部分有机物吸收峰)。采用三点弯曲模式,对样品的弯曲强度进行了测试,EPG80、EPG120和EPG140样品的弯曲强度分别为37.4、35.2、32.3 MPa,考虑应用场景对弯曲强度不做过多要求,在此不多阐述。
导热系数是对材料导热性能的定量评价,测试方法有多种,对于板材类绝热材料,稳态热流法能够真实反应材料的导热性能。本研究采用热流法导热仪,参照ASTM C518-2017、ISO 8301-2010、DIN EN 12667-2001、DIN EN 13163-2001及 JIS A 1412-1999等标准,对EPG样品进行导热系数测试,测得EPG80、EPG120和EPG140的导热系数分别为0.102 9、0.085 4、0.082 6 W/(m·K)。可以看出,EPG120和EPG140的导热系数差别甚微,也可以说明继续增加中空玻珠的含量可能对导热系数的影响不大,因此,可以确定,在保证机械强度的前提下,该系列隔热复合材料中EPG120综合性能最佳。
(1)对EPG复合材料及中空玻珠进行微观结构测试,结果表明,中空玻珠的平均粒径为26.8 μm,且在EPG复合材料中结构保持完整,可以为复合材料的低导热系数提供保证。
(2)EPG复合材料具有高的机械强度(压缩强度>50 MPa,压缩模量>1.8 GPa),且具有高的Tg(>120℃),外延分解温度达到300℃以上,可满足部分高压、高温环境隔热保温材料的需求。
(3)根据中空玻珠添加量的不同,可对EPG复合材料的密度进行有效调节,最低可至0.71 g/cm3,另外,该材料可经受循环加热处理(200℃~室温,20次)而不龟裂、不起泡,同时,在热处理完毕后,Tg不发生衰减,最低导热系数为0.082 6 W/(m·K)。
综上可知,该EPG复合材料制备工艺简单,成本适中,已可进行量产,鉴于其高的机械强度及耐高温特性、低的密度和导热系数,该材料有望在热压机械、轨道交通、航空航天等领域保温、隔热及轻质化设计方面取得广泛应用。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(21174017)
  • 河北省高等教育科学技术研究重点项目(ZD2019301)
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2021年第54卷第12期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.12.006
  • 接收时间:2021-01-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-23
  • 出版时间:2021-12-20
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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-30
  • 修回日期:2021-02-24
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(21174017)
河北省高等教育科学技术研究重点项目(ZD2019301)
作者信息
    1北京新福润达绝缘材料有限责任公司 新材料研发中心,北京 101111
    2北京理工大学 化学与化工学院,北京 100081

通讯作者:

冯献起(1983-),男(汉族),山东聊城人,高级工程师,主要从事功能复合材料的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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