Article(id=1242756980184559727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1242756974576775191, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1618329600000, receivedDateStr=2021-04-14, revisedDate=1622044800000, revisedDateStr=2021-05-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774225953383, onlineDateStr=2026-03-23, pubDate=1637510400000, pubDateStr=2021-11-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774225953383, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774225953383, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774225953383, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242756974576775191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='139', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774225952044, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774226047274, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242757374059066044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1242756974576775191, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242757374059066045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1242756974576775191, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=48, endPage=54, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242756980507521149, articleId=1242756980184559727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Preparation and Characterization of Key Monomers for Colorless and Transparent Polyimide Films with Low Linear Coefficients of Thermal Expansion, columnId=1198664996516360309, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Polyimide Film Special Issue, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

According to the application requirements of low thermal expansion (low-CTE) for colorless and transparent polyimide (CPI) films, the structural design and synthesis of methyl-substituted aromatic diamine monomers containing rigid amide bonds in the main chain, including 2-methyl-4,4′-diaminobenzanilide (MeDABA) and 2,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminobenzanilide (MMDABA), were performed. Firstly, the dinitro compounds were prepared by the amide reactions using the methyl-substituted p-nitrobenzoic acid or methyl-substituted p-nitroaniline as raw material. Then, a series of new diamine compounds were obtained by the reduction of hydrazine hydrate under the catalysis of Pd/C. The chemical structures of the diamine monomers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and elemental analysis (EA). The results show that the aromatic diamine monomers with expected structure are prepared successfully.

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针对无色透明聚酰亚胺(CPI)薄膜低热膨胀(low-CTE)化研究的应用需求,开展了甲基取代型主链含刚性酰胺键芳香族二胺单体,包括2-甲基-4,4′-二氨基苯酰替苯胺(MeDABA)与2,3′-二甲基-4,4′-二氨基苯酰替苯胺(MMDABA)的结构设计与合成研究。采用甲基取代对硝基苯甲酸或甲基取代对硝基苯胺为原材料,通过酰胺化反应制得了二硝基化合物,然后在Pd/C催化下采用水合肼还原得到了一系列新型二胺基化合物。采用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁(NMR)、质谱(MS)以及元素分析(EA)等手段表征了制备的二胺单体的化学结构。结果表明成功制得了预期结构的芳香族二胺单体。

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刘金刚(1973-),男(汉族),内蒙古赤峰人,教授,博士,主要从事电工与电子绝缘用聚合物材料的基础与应用的研究。
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职欣心(1996-),女(汉族),新疆喀什人,博士生,主要从事高性能聚酰亚胺液晶取向膜材料的研究。

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职欣心(1996-),女(汉族),新疆喀什人,博士生,主要从事高性能聚酰亚胺液晶取向膜材料的研究。

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职欣心(1996-),女(汉族),新疆喀什人,博士生,主要从事高性能聚酰亚胺液晶取向膜材料的研究。

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245100057280754174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1242756980184559727, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Elemental analysis results of diamine monomers, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
二胺单体项目元素含量/%
CHN

MeDABA

(C14H15N3O)

计算值69.696.2717.41
实测值68.386.4217.17

MMDABA

(C15H17N3O)

计算值70.566.7116.46
实测值70.526.6716.52
), ArticleFig(id=1245100057394000390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1242756980184559727, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

二胺单体的元素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
二胺单体项目元素含量/%
CHN

MeDABA

(C14H15N3O)

计算值69.696.2717.41
实测值68.386.4217.17

MMDABA

(C15H17N3O)

计算值70.566.7116.46
实测值70.526.6716.52
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无色透明聚酰亚胺薄膜低CTE化用关键单体的制备与表征
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职欣心 1 , 李忠 2 , 沈登雄 2 , 杨洋 3 , 姜岗岚 1 , 谈瑶瑶 1 , 张燕 1 , 刘金刚 1
绝缘材料 | 聚酰亚胺薄膜专题 2021,54(11): 48-54
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绝缘材料 | 聚酰亚胺薄膜专题 2021, 54(11): 48-54
无色透明聚酰亚胺薄膜低CTE化用关键单体的制备与表征
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职欣心1, 李忠2, 沈登雄2, 杨洋3, 姜岗岚1, 谈瑶瑶1, 张燕1, 刘金刚1
作者信息
  • 1中国地质大学(北京) 材料科学与工程学院,北京 100083
  • 2航天材料及工艺研究所, 北京 100076
  • 3中国商飞复合材料中心,上海 201324
  • 职欣心(1996-),女(汉族),新疆喀什人,博士生,主要从事高性能聚酰亚胺液晶取向膜材料的研究。

通讯作者:

刘金刚(1973-),男(汉族),内蒙古赤峰人,教授,博士,主要从事电工与电子绝缘用聚合物材料的基础与应用的研究。
Preparation and Characterization of Key Monomers for Colorless and Transparent Polyimide Films with Low Linear Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
Xinxin ZHI1, Zhong LI2, Dengxiong SHEN2, Yang YANG3, Ganglan JIANG1, Yaoyao TAN1, Yan ZHANG1, Jingang LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China
  • 3China Composites Center of Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd., Shanghai 201324, China
出版时间: 2021-11-22 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.006
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针对无色透明聚酰亚胺(CPI)薄膜低热膨胀(low-CTE)化研究的应用需求,开展了甲基取代型主链含刚性酰胺键芳香族二胺单体,包括2-甲基-4,4′-二氨基苯酰替苯胺(MeDABA)与2,3′-二甲基-4,4′-二氨基苯酰替苯胺(MMDABA)的结构设计与合成研究。采用甲基取代对硝基苯甲酸或甲基取代对硝基苯胺为原材料,通过酰胺化反应制得了二硝基化合物,然后在Pd/C催化下采用水合肼还原得到了一系列新型二胺基化合物。采用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁(NMR)、质谱(MS)以及元素分析(EA)等手段表征了制备的二胺单体的化学结构。结果表明成功制得了预期结构的芳香族二胺单体。

无色透明聚酰亚胺  /  单体  /  苯酰替苯胺  /  低热膨胀系数

According to the application requirements of low thermal expansion (low-CTE) for colorless and transparent polyimide (CPI) films, the structural design and synthesis of methyl-substituted aromatic diamine monomers containing rigid amide bonds in the main chain, including 2-methyl-4,4′-diaminobenzanilide (MeDABA) and 2,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminobenzanilide (MMDABA), were performed. Firstly, the dinitro compounds were prepared by the amide reactions using the methyl-substituted p-nitrobenzoic acid or methyl-substituted p-nitroaniline as raw material. Then, a series of new diamine compounds were obtained by the reduction of hydrazine hydrate under the catalysis of Pd/C. The chemical structures of the diamine monomers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and elemental analysis (EA). The results show that the aromatic diamine monomers with expected structure are prepared successfully.

colorless and transparent polyimide  /  monomer  /  benzanilide  /  low coefficient of thermal expansion
职欣心, 李忠, 沈登雄, 杨洋, 姜岗岚, 谈瑶瑶, 张燕, 刘金刚. 无色透明聚酰亚胺薄膜低CTE化用关键单体的制备与表征. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (11) : 48 -54 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.006
Xinxin ZHI, Zhong LI, Dengxiong SHEN, Yang YANG, Ganglan JIANG, Yaoyao TAN, Yan ZHANG, Jingang LIU. Preparation and Characterization of Key Monomers for Colorless and Transparent Polyimide Films with Low Linear Coefficients of Thermal Expansion[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (11) : 48 -54 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.006
近年来,随着以柔性显示(flexible display)、柔性光伏(flexible photovoltaics)、柔性透明印制线路板(flexible transparent printed circuit board)等为代表的柔性电子产业的迅猛发展,对于兼具优良光学透明性、耐热稳定性以及优良力学性能的有机高分子薄膜的需求日益迫切[1-3]。传统的聚酯光学薄膜,包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、高温聚碳酸酯(HTPC),甚至是近年来实现商业化的环状烯烃高分子(COP)等光学薄膜在柔性电子领域中的应用受到越来越多的挑战[4]。在此背景下,新型耐高温透明光学薄膜材料应运而生,逐渐成为高分子薄膜材料领域内炙手可热的研究方向之一[5]。在目前报道的各种新型耐高温透明光学薄膜材料中,无色透明聚酰亚胺(CPI)薄膜以其优异的综合性能得到了最为广泛的关注。CPI薄膜的设计与开发的初衷是在保持传统聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜固有的优良耐热稳定性、高温尺寸稳定性以及良好的力学、介电与阻燃特性的前提下,通过分子结构设计来消除其分子链结构中强烈的电荷转移(CT)作用,从而使其外观由棕红色或深黄色转变为无色透明,光学性能得到显著的改观[6-8]。虽然这种设计思路在理论上具有良好的可行性,但在实际实施过程中往往事与愿违。在通用型PI薄膜如聚(均苯四甲酸二酐-4,4′-二胺基二苯醚)(PIPMDA-ODA,商品名Kapton®,美国杜邦)或聚(3,3′,4,4′-联苯四甲酸二酐-1,4-对苯二胺)(PIBPDA-PDA,商品名Upilex-S®,日本宇部)等实现无色透明化的过程中,通常采用的改性手段包括在PI分子链中引入高电负性基团(如三氟甲基、砜基等)[9]、引入低共轭或非共轭结构(如脂肪链或脂环结构等)[10]、引入异构化结构(如异构化联苯、异构化二苯醚等)[11]以及引入具有庞大摩尔体积的侧链基团(如烷基、芳基、芴基等)[12]。上述改性手段的运用均是为了减小在PI分子链中从二胺单元(电子给体)到二酐单元(电子受体)之间电荷转移络合物(CTC)的形成概率,从而减少电荷在跃迁过程中产生的对可见光的吸收,进而赋予PI薄膜无色透明的特征。从改性结果来看,上述手段的实施确实可以或多或少地赋予PI薄膜优良的光学性能,但这种结果往往是以牺牲PI薄膜固有优良特性为代价的。
在迄今为止文献中报道的各种CPI薄膜中,含氟型与半脂环型是最为重要的两类。文献中也已证明二酐单体对PI薄膜光学性能方面的影响程度远高于二胺单体的影响,因此CPI薄膜也可按照其使用的二酐单体种类而粗略地分为“含氟二酐型”以及“脂环二酐型”。前者目前主要是基于商业化含氟二酐单体,4,4′-(六氟异亚丙基)双邻苯二甲酸酐(6FDA)的体系,而后者主要是基于商业化脂环二酐单体,如氢化均苯四甲酸二酐(HPMDA)、氢化联苯四甲酸二酐(HBPDA)的体系。虽然这两类CPI薄膜在基础性能、薄膜制造以及应用特性方面各有特点,但二者都面临着共同的性能缺陷,即高温尺寸稳定性显著劣化。具体表现为其线性热膨胀系数(CTE)远高于通用型全芳香族PI薄膜,如Kapton®型薄膜(CTE为33×10-6 K-1(50~200℃))与Upilex-S®型薄膜(CTE为3×10-6 K-1(50~200℃))[13]。例如,T MATSUURA等[14]报道了基于6FDA与含氟二胺2,2′-双(三氟甲基)-4,4′-二胺基联苯(TFDB,或称TFMB)的CPI薄膜的CTE约为82×10-6 K-1(50~300℃)。M HASAGAWA等[15]报道了基于HPMDA与4,4′-二胺基二苯醚(ODA)的CPI薄膜的CTE约为55×10-6 K-1(100~200℃)。如此高的CTE数值限制了标准型含氟以及半脂环型CPI薄膜在先进光电领域中的应用。因此,如何有效降低上述两类CPI薄膜的CTE值成为目前CPI薄膜研究领域内的重要方向之一。
对于含氟二酐型CPI薄膜而言,通过在6FDA二酐部分引入刚性二酐单体,如3,3′,4,4′-联苯四甲酸二酐(sBPDA)是降低其CTE的有效手段。例如,ZHANG Y J等[16]采用6FDA、sBPDA与TFMB通过共聚制备了一系列CPI薄膜,该共聚型CPI薄膜分子结构中的三氟甲基赋予其优良的光学透明性,而刚性联苯基团则降低了其CTE。通过调节6FDA与BPDA的比例可制得兼具优良光学透明性和良好尺寸稳定性的CPI薄膜,其在450 nm波长处的透光率高于83%,黄度指数与浊度分别低至2.66与0.57%,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高于349℃,而50~300℃内的CTE最低可在(6.8~22.4)×10-6 K-1(50~300℃)之间加以调节。YU X H等[17]采用同样的体系制备了CTE低至18.8×10-6 K-1的CPI薄膜。美国杜邦公司[18]以及韩国Kolon工业公司[19]分别于2009年以及2014年获得了该体系CPI薄膜的制造专利。虽然刚性sBPDA二酐单元的引入可显著降低含氟型CPI薄膜的CTE,但同时牺牲了这类CPI薄膜的有机可溶性。因此这类CPI(6FDA/sBPDA/TFMB)薄膜只能采用两步热亚胺化工艺制备,即首先制成PI前驱体—聚酰胺酸(PAA),然后在氮气保护下高温亚胺化制得CPI薄膜,其亚胺化温度需要达到300℃。如何保证高温下CPI薄膜不发生黄变是一项极具挑战性的研究课题。YANG Y等[20]报道了通过加入高温抗氧剂来防止这类CPI薄膜(6FDA、sBPDA、TFMB的摩尔比为1∶3∶4)高温黄变的工艺。
对于半脂环型CPI薄膜而言,降低CTE的研究更具有现实意义。这主要是由于脂环结构的引入显著降低了PI薄膜分子链之间的相互作用,在很大程度上牺牲了薄膜的高温尺寸稳定性。虽然某些刚性脂环二酐单体,如1,2,3,4-环丁烷四酸二酐(CBDA)[21]、1,3-二甲基-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四酸二酐(DM-CBDA)[22]等可制得低CTE半脂环CPI薄膜,但薄膜的力学性能相对较差,难以满足实际应用的需求。
近年来,刚性酰胺键(-CONH-)在改性CPI薄膜的高温尺寸稳定性方面得到了广泛的关注。酰胺键本身的刚性棒状结构加上其可形成分子间氢键的能力,使其可赋予PI薄膜较低的CTE。例如,M HASEGAWA等[23]报道了基于含酰胺键二胺单体4,4′-二胺基苯酰替苯胺(DABA)与HPMDA的CPI薄膜,其CTE为46.7×10-6 K-1(100~200℃),显著低于HPMDA/ODA体系(CTE为55.0×10-6 K-1(100~200℃)。T MATSUMOTO等[24]采用DABA与脂环二酐单体环戊酮-α′-螺环-2″-降冰片烷-5,5″,6,6″-四酸二酐(CpODA)聚合,制备了CTE为15×10-6 K-1(100~200℃)的CPI薄膜。虽然DABA在改善CPI薄膜的CTE方面具有显著的效果,但其本身分子链的刚性较高,由其聚合制备的PI树脂难以溶解于有机溶剂中,只能采用两步高温热亚胺化法制备PI薄膜,在一定程度上限制了其在CPI薄膜研发中的应用。
本研究针对CPI薄膜低CTE化的应用需求,设计并合成一类含甲基取代基的4,4′-二氨基苯酰替苯胺(DABA)单体衍生物,希望利用甲基侧基来增加PI树脂在有机溶剂中的溶解性,进而赋予CPI薄膜良好的溶液加工特性。同时,利用苯酰替苯胺(Ph-CONH-Ph)结构来赋予CPI薄膜良好的高温尺寸稳定性。
对硝基苯甲酸、3-甲基-4-硝基苯甲酸、2-甲基-4-硝基苯胺、Pd/C(5%)、水合肼(80%),分析纯,日本东京应化株式会社(TCI),直接使用。氯化亚砜、无水乙醇、甲苯、无水碳酸钾、浓盐酸,分析纯,上海国药集团化学试剂有限公司,直接使用。
以2-甲基-4,4′-二氨基苯酰替苯胺(MeDABA)为例说明甲基取代含酰胺键二胺单体的合成步骤。在一个配有机械搅拌、温度计以及加热套的三口瓶中加入对硝基苯甲酸以及氯化亚砜,升温后反应物全溶。减压蒸净氯化亚砜后加入甲苯升温至全溶,降温后备用。在另一个配有机械搅拌、温度计、氮气出入口、加热套以及Dean-Stark分水器的三口瓶中加入2-甲基-4-硝基苯胺、无水碳酸钾以及甲苯,升温至回流,分水器中无水分蒸馏出后降温至90~100℃,开始滴加之前制备的对硝基苯甲酰氯/甲苯溶液,滴加结束后继续升温至回流,反应6 h后降温至室温后抽滤,滤饼用热水浸泡洗涤至中性后,用盐酸浸泡洗涤,最后用蒸馏水洗涤至中性,烘干。重结晶后得到黄色结晶2-甲基-4,4′-二硝基苯酰替苯胺(MeDNBA),收率为79.2%。
在一个配有机械搅拌器、温度计、加热套以及回流冷凝管的三口瓶中加入一定量的MeDNBA、5% Pd/C、无水乙醇,升温至回流。停止加热,开始滴加水合肼。滴加完毕后升温至回流态,反应结束后停止加热。热过滤,滤液冷却后得到MeDABA白色晶体,收率为81.1%。熔点:109.3℃(DSC峰值温度)。红外光谱(cm-1):3 406,3 383,3 329,3 225,3 032,3 001,2 901,2 897,1 632,1 605,1 512,1 427,1 315,1 265,1 238,818以及525。核磁氢谱(400 MHz,DMSO-d6):9.11(s,1H),7.70~7.37(d,2H),6.87~6.84(d,1H),6.58~6.56(d,2H),6.44~6.36(m,2H),5.65(s,2H),4.92(s,2H)以及2.04(s,3H)。核磁碳谱(400 MHz,DMSO-d6):166.0,152.2,146.9,135.2,129.6,128.2,126.2,122.0,115.9,113.2,111.9以及18.4。质谱:m/z=242.13(M++1)。元素分析(%):C14H15N3O,Mw=241.29 g/mol。理论值:C, 69.69%;H, 6.27%;N, 17.41%。实测值:C, 68.38%;H, 6.42%;N, 17.17%。
2,3′-二甲基-4,4′-二氨基苯酰替苯胺(MMDABA)按照类似的工艺合成,除了将对硝基苯甲酸变为3-甲基-4-硝基苯甲酸。熔点:185.4℃(DSC峰值温度)。红外光谱(cm-1):3 460, 3 341, 3 217, 3 213, 2 967, 2 920, 1 627, 1 570, 1 481, 1 288, 1 153, 833, 以及768。核磁氢谱(400 MHz,DMSO-d6):9.09 (s,1H), 7.59~7.53 (m, 2H), 6.86~6.82 (m, 1H), 6.61~6.57 (m, 1H), 6.42~6.35 (m, 2H), 5.39 (s, 2H), 4.90 (s, 2H) 以及2.10~2.03 (m, 6H)。核磁碳谱(400 MHz,DMSO-d6):166.0, 150.1, 147.0, 135.1, 130.3, 128.3, 127.1, 126.2, 122.2, 120.3, 115.8, 113.1, 112.0, 18.6以及17.9。质谱:m/z=256.31(M++1)。元素分析(%):C15H17N3O,Mw=255.31 g/mol。理论值:C, 70.56%;H, 6.71%;N, 16.46%。实测值:C, 70.52%;H, 6.67%;N, 16.52%。
熔点采用德国耐驰公司DSC 214型差示扫描量热分析(DSC)仪测试,升温速率为10℃/K,测试环境为氮气。单体与PI薄膜的红外光谱采用日本岛津公司的Iraffinity-1S傅里叶红外光谱仪测试,测试采用高灵敏度单次衰减全反射附件Quest,获得衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外(ATR-FTIR)光谱。核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和碳谱(13C-NMR)采用日本电子株式会社(JEOL)AV 400光谱仪测试,溶剂为氘代二甲基亚砜(DMSO-d6),其中四甲基硅烷(TMS)作为化学位移内标峰。质谱(MS)采用英国KRTOS公司AEI MS-50型质谱仪测定。元素分析采用美国Thermo Electron SPA公司Flash EA1112微量分析仪测试。
甲基取代含酰胺键芳香族二胺单体包括MeDABA与MMDABA的合成路线如图1所示。(甲基)对硝基苯甲酸首先与氯化亚砜反应制得(甲基)硝基苯甲酰氯,然后溶解于甲苯中配得酰氯溶液。然后将酰氯溶液滴加到(甲基)对硝基苯胺的甲苯溶液中,同时加入无水碳酸钾作为HCl吸收剂。回流反应后降温,制得二硝基化合物。重结晶提纯后得到精制的二硝基化合物。然后将其在Pd/C催化剂作用下,采用水合肼进行还原,最终制得芳香族二胺单体。两种单体制备的总收率均超过了60%。
二胺单体的熔点测试结果如图2所示。由图 2(a)图2(b)可以看出,制备的MeDABA与MMDABA二胺单体及其硝基化合物在加热过程中均显示单一尖锐吸收峰,表明均具有较高的纯度,有望满足未来聚合的应用需求。
二胺单体的质谱测试结果如图3所示。由图 3(a)可以看出,MeDNBA与MeDABA质荷比(m/z)分别为302.08与242.13,分别对应于其分子离子峰(M++1),这与其分子量(MeDNBA:301.25 g/mol,MeDABA:241.29 g/mol)是相符的。由图3(b)可以看出,MMDNBA与MMDABA的质荷比分别为316.09与256.15,也同样对应于其分子离子峰(M++1),这与其分子量(MMDNBA:315.28 g/mol,MMDABA:256.31 g/mol)也是相符的。
二胺单体的ATR-FTIR谱图如图4所示。由图4(a)可以看出,-NO2分别位于1 589 cm-1以及1 335 cm-1处的不对称和对称伸缩特征吸收峰在MeDABA的谱图中完全消失,取而代之的是3 383 cm-1以及3 329 cm-1处出现的-NH2特征吸收峰。这表明MeDNBA结构中的-NO2被完全还原,转化为MeDABA结构中的-NH2。此外,在两种化合物谱图中均可以观察到-CONH-中N-H位于3 406 cm-1处的特征吸收峰、-CONH-中C=O的特征吸收峰(MeDNBA:1 662 cm-1;MeDABA:1 632 cm-1)、苯环位于1 512 cm-1处的特征吸收峰以及-CH3中饱和C-H键位于2 901 cm-1以及2 897 cm-1处的特征吸收峰。由图4(b)可以看出,在谱图中可以准确观察到MMDABA单体中-NH2位于3 341 cm-1以及3 217 cm-1处的特征吸收峰。此外,还可以观察到-CONH-中N-H位于3 460 cm-1处的特征吸收峰、-CONH-中C=O位于1 627 cm-1处的特征吸收峰、苯环位于1 481 cm-1处的特征吸收峰以及-CH3中饱和C-H键位于2 967 cm-1以及2 920 cm-1处的特征吸收峰。以上结果表明成功制备了预期结构的单体。
图5给出了二胺单体的核磁氢谱(1H-NMR)。由图5(a)可以看出,MeDABA及其硝基化合物中 -CONH-键的H质子的吸收均位于谱图的最低场位置(MeDNBA:δ=10.47;MeDABA:δ=9.11)。而-CH3上H质子的吸收均位于谱图的最高场位置(MeDNBA:δ=2.42;MeDABA:δ=2.04)。对于MeDNBA而言,H1与H2分别受强吸电子基团硝基以及-CONH-结构中羰基的影响,其吸收出现在谱图的次低场。对于MeDABA而言,两个氨基(-NH2)上的H质子(H7与H8)由于所处的化学环境不同,因此在谱图中的吸收出现在不同的位置。氨基邻位的H3与H5由于受供电子氨基的影响,其吸收出现在谱图较高场的位置。由图5(b)可以看出,-CONH-键的H质子的吸收也均位于谱图的最低场位置,而-CH3上H质子的吸收均位于谱图的最高场位置。两个氨基(-NH2)上的H质子(H9与H10)由于所处的化学环境不同,因此在谱图中的吸收出现在不同的位置,以上情况与理论预期结果均十分相符。
继续测试了二胺单体的核磁碳谱(13C-NMR)和DEPT-135谱(distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer,无畸变极化转移)。DEPT-135测试技术十分有助于对复杂结构化合物13C-NMR谱图的解析。DEPT-135谱图中,连有奇数个H原子的C原子的吸收呈现出向上的峰,连有偶数个H原子的C原子呈现向下的吸收峰,季C原子无吸收峰。图6给出了两种二胺单体的13C-NMR以及DEPT-135谱图。
图6(a)可以看出,MeDABA结构中每个C原子的吸收均可以准确地加以辨认。谱图共记录了12个吸收峰,这与其化学结构特征一致(一共14个C原子,其中两对C原子的化学环境相同)。 -CONH-基团中强吸电子羰基上的C原子(C5)的吸收出现在谱图的最低场,而具有供电子特性的-CH3基团中的C原子(C12)的吸收出现在谱图的最高场。季C原子的吸收普遍出现在谱图的次低场,如C1、C9与C7。图中揭示的这12个C原子中的6个在相应的DEPT-135谱图中出现了吸收,上述信息与MeDABA的化学分子结构是相符的。由图6(b)可以看出,MMDABA的13C-NMR谱图出现了15个吸收峰。-CONH-基团中羰基上的C原子(C5)的吸收仍旧出现在谱图的最低场,而两个-CH3中的C原子(C12与C15)的吸收也同样分别出现在谱图的最高场。供电子氨基邻位的C原子(C10)的吸收出现在谱图的次高场。这些均与MMDABA单体的化学结构特征是一致的。
表1给出了二胺单体的元素分析结果。
表1可以看出,合成的MeDABA以及MMDABA分子结构中各种元素的含量与理论值基本一致,表明成功制备了预期结构的二胺单体,其纯度可以满足后续聚合的要求。
设计并合成了两种含甲基取代基的苯酰替苯胺类芳香族二胺单体MeDABA与MMDABA,一系列结构表征测试结果显示成功制得了预期结构的二胺单体。这类具有特殊结构的芳香族二胺单体有望在保持CPI薄膜固有的溶液加工特性以及良好光学与耐热性能的同时,赋予其良好的高温尺寸稳定性。
  • 深圳市科技计划项目(JSGG20210629144539012)
  • 山东省重点研发计划重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY020235)
  • 上海市自然科学基金资助项目(17ZR1411800)
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2021年第54卷第11期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.006
  • 接收时间:2021-04-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-23
  • 出版时间:2021-11-22
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  • 收稿日期:2021-04-14
  • 修回日期:2021-05-27
基金
深圳市科技计划项目(JSGG20210629144539012)
山东省重点研发计划重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY020235)
上海市自然科学基金资助项目(17ZR1411800)
作者信息
    1中国地质大学(北京) 材料科学与工程学院,北京 100083
    2航天材料及工艺研究所, 北京 100076
    3中国商飞复合材料中心,上海 201324

通讯作者:

刘金刚(1973-),男(汉族),内蒙古赤峰人,教授,博士,主要从事电工与电子绝缘用聚合物材料的基础与应用的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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