Article(id=1242756976426463267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1242756974576775191, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1619712000000, receivedDateStr=2021-04-30, revisedDate=1623513600000, revisedDateStr=2021-06-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774225952487, onlineDateStr=2026-03-23, pubDate=1637510400000, pubDateStr=2021-11-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774225952487, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774225952487, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774225952487, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242756974576775191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='139', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774225952044, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774226047274, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242757374059066044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1242756974576775191, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242757374059066045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1242756974576775191, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=120, endPage=125, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242756976715870251, articleId=1242756976426463267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Preparation and Properties of AgNWs@SiO2/PI Composite Films, columnId=1198664996516360309, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Polyimide Film Special Issue, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the thermal conductivity of polyimide film and maintain its insulating properties, SiO2 was used to coat AgNWs to obtain AgNWs@SiO2 core-shell structure. At First, the AgNWs@SiO2 was dispersed in polyamide acid (PAA) discharge fiber by electrospinning technology, and the heat conduction path and the dispersity of AgNWs@SiO2 in PI matrix was planned and improved by electrospinning technology, respectively. Then the PAA glue containing AgNWs@SiO2 was used to impregnate PAA electrospun film, and an E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI composite film was obtained after thermal imidization. The effects of filler modification and content on the thermal conductivity and insulating properties of the composite films were studied. The results show that when the mass fraction of filler is 25%, the thermal conductivity of E-AgNWs/PI and E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI composite films is 2.92 W/(m·K) and 2.80 W/(m·K), which are 14.6 and 14 times higher than those of pure PI films, respectively. The dielectric constant of E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI composite film decreases to below 5, the dielectric loss factor maintains below 0.015, and the volume resistivity increases to 1.79×1013 Ω·m.

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为了提高聚酰亚胺薄膜热导率的同时维持绝缘性,采用SiO2对AgNWs进行表面绝缘包覆获得 AgNWs@SiO2核壳结构,首先通过静电纺丝技术将AgNWs@SiO2分散在聚酰胺酸(PAA)电纺纤维内部,规划导热路径,同时改善AgNWs@SiO2在PI基体中的分散性,再用含AgNWs@SiO2的PAA胶液浸渍PAA电纺膜,热亚胺化后得到E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜。研究其填料改性和含量对复合薄膜导热性能和绝缘性能的影响。结果表明:当填料质量分数为25%时,E-AgNWs/PI和E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的热导率分别为2.92 W/(m·K)和2.80 W/(m·K),分别是纯PI薄膜的14.6倍和14倍。E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的介电常数降低至5以下,并且介质损耗因数维持在0.015以下,体积电阻率提升至1.79×1013 Ω·m。

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吴子剑(1983-),男(汉族),黑龙江虎林人,副教授,研究方向为功能电介质材料。
翁凌(1979-),男(汉族),广西桂林人,教授,研究方向为聚合物基电介质材料。
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王雨婷(1996-),女(汉族),内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,硕士生,研究方向为聚合物基复合材料。

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王雨婷(1996-),女(汉族),内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,硕士生,研究方向为聚合物基复合材料。

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王雨婷(1996-),女(汉族),内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,硕士生,研究方向为聚合物基复合材料。

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AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜制备及性能研究
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王雨婷 , 吴子剑 , 王正芳 , 王雪霏 , 郭宁 , 张笑瑞 , 马英一 , 陈昊 , 翁凌
绝缘材料 | 聚酰亚胺薄膜专题 2021,54(11): 120-125
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绝缘材料 | 聚酰亚胺薄膜专题 2021, 54(11): 120-125
AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜制备及性能研究
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王雨婷, 吴子剑, 王正芳, 王雪霏, 郭宁, 张笑瑞, 马英一, 陈昊, 翁凌
作者信息
  • 哈尔滨理工大学,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150000
  • 王雨婷(1996-),女(汉族),内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,硕士生,研究方向为聚合物基复合材料。

通讯作者:

吴子剑(1983-),男(汉族),黑龙江虎林人,副教授,研究方向为功能电介质材料。
翁凌(1979-),男(汉族),广西桂林人,教授,研究方向为聚合物基电介质材料。
Preparation and Properties of AgNWs@SiO2/PI Composite Films
Yuting WANG, Zijian WU, Zhengfang WANG, Xuefei WANG, Ning GUO, Xiaorui ZHANG, Yingyi MA, Hao CHEN, Ling WENG
Affiliations
  • Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150000, China
出版时间: 2021-11-22 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.017
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为了提高聚酰亚胺薄膜热导率的同时维持绝缘性,采用SiO2对AgNWs进行表面绝缘包覆获得 AgNWs@SiO2核壳结构,首先通过静电纺丝技术将AgNWs@SiO2分散在聚酰胺酸(PAA)电纺纤维内部,规划导热路径,同时改善AgNWs@SiO2在PI基体中的分散性,再用含AgNWs@SiO2的PAA胶液浸渍PAA电纺膜,热亚胺化后得到E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜。研究其填料改性和含量对复合薄膜导热性能和绝缘性能的影响。结果表明:当填料质量分数为25%时,E-AgNWs/PI和E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的热导率分别为2.92 W/(m·K)和2.80 W/(m·K),分别是纯PI薄膜的14.6倍和14倍。E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的介电常数降低至5以下,并且介质损耗因数维持在0.015以下,体积电阻率提升至1.79×1013 Ω·m。

聚酰亚胺  /  银纳米线  /  二氧化硅包覆  /  静电纺丝  /  导热绝缘

In order to improve the thermal conductivity of polyimide film and maintain its insulating properties, SiO2 was used to coat AgNWs to obtain AgNWs@SiO2 core-shell structure. At First, the AgNWs@SiO2 was dispersed in polyamide acid (PAA) discharge fiber by electrospinning technology, and the heat conduction path and the dispersity of AgNWs@SiO2 in PI matrix was planned and improved by electrospinning technology, respectively. Then the PAA glue containing AgNWs@SiO2 was used to impregnate PAA electrospun film, and an E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI composite film was obtained after thermal imidization. The effects of filler modification and content on the thermal conductivity and insulating properties of the composite films were studied. The results show that when the mass fraction of filler is 25%, the thermal conductivity of E-AgNWs/PI and E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI composite films is 2.92 W/(m·K) and 2.80 W/(m·K), which are 14.6 and 14 times higher than those of pure PI films, respectively. The dielectric constant of E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI composite film decreases to below 5, the dielectric loss factor maintains below 0.015, and the volume resistivity increases to 1.79×1013 Ω·m.

polyimide  /  silver nanowires  /  silica coating  /  electrospinning  /  thermal conductive and insulation
王雨婷, 吴子剑, 王正芳, 王雪霏, 郭宁, 张笑瑞, 马英一, 陈昊, 翁凌. AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜制备及性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (11) : 120 -125 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.017
Yuting WANG, Zijian WU, Zhengfang WANG, Xuefei WANG, Ning GUO, Xiaorui ZHANG, Yingyi MA, Hao CHEN, Ling WENG. Preparation and Properties of AgNWs@SiO2/PI Composite Films[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (11) : 120 -125 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.017
随着5G时代的到来,电子电气行业快速发展,轻量化、小型化已经成为未来发展的一大趋势,这使得微电子封装材料具有良好的发展前景[1]。材料的导热性是影响其发展的重要因素,如果不能及时散热,对电器元件的正常使用、设备安全以及使用寿命都会产生负面影响[2-3]。聚酰亚胺(PI)作为一种综合性能优异的绝缘材料,在微电子封装材料领域有广阔的应用前景,但其热导率较低,仅为0.2 W/(m·K)左右[4],成为其在微电子领域应用的阻碍。近些年来,银纳米线(AgNWs)[5-8]因其良好的导电、导热性能受到了学者们的青睐,在微电子材料领域的应用飞速发展。ZHOU Y等[9]制备了一系列AgNWs@BN/PI复合材料,当填料质量分数为20%时,AgNWs@BN/PI复合薄膜的最大热导率为4.33 W/(m·K),在1 Hz时相对介电常数为9.89。AgNWs的加入可以提高AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的导热性能,但是由于AgNWs具有导电性,AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的绝缘性能会下降,因此如何对AgNWs进行改性,提高AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的绝缘性能,使其成为性能优异的导热绝缘材料成为人们研究的重点[10-13]
二氧化硅(SiO2)作为一种无机绝缘填料,在绝缘复合材料领域有着广泛的研究[14-15],在提高绝缘性能方面有很大的优势。采用SiO2对AgNWs表面进行绝缘包覆,形成AgNWs@SiO2核壳结构,可以降低AgNWs的导电性。静电纺丝作为一种新兴的技术,在工艺参数上有很强的可控性,纤维的有序排列可以构建规则有序的导热网络,并且改善填料与基体之间的分散性[16-17]
本研究采用SiO2对AgNWs进行改性,使SiO2均匀致密地包覆在AgNWs的表面形成AgNWs@ SiO2核壳结构,分别以AgNWs和AgNWs@SiO2作为填料与聚酰胺酸进行复合制备胶液,采用静电纺丝的方法制备E(电纺)-AgNWs/PAA和E-AgNWs@ SiO2/PAA电纺膜,再将电纺膜浸渍在原始胶液中,热亚胺化后得到E-AgNWs/PI和E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜。研究填料改性前后和填料含量对复合薄膜导热和绝缘性能的影响。
均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc),国药化工科技有限公司;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA),上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司;无水乙醇(CH3CH2OH),天津化学试剂三厂;乙二醇(EG),天津永大化学试剂有限公司;硝酸银(AgNO3),国药集团化学试剂有限公司;氯化钠(NaCl),天津天大化学试剂厂;异丙醇(IPA),苏州鼎亚化工有限公司;氨水(NH3·H2O),天津市天力化学试剂有限公司。
在三口瓶中加入200 mL乙二醇,再称取2 g PVP加入其中,在170℃的油浴锅中加热搅拌1 h,使PVP在溶剂中均匀分散;再加入0.2 mL 0.1 mol/L的氯化钠/乙二醇溶液,继续搅拌10 min;将2 g AgNO3溶在200 mL乙二醇中,并以5 mL/min的速度缓慢滴进三口瓶中,滴加完成等待溶液变为亮灰色时反应停止;溶液静置沉淀后,用乙醇进行洗涤;将洗涤后的产物倒入蒸发皿中,在60℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中烘干,即得AgNWs。
在三口瓶中加入0.5 g AgNWs,再量取300 mL异丙醇,在40℃下超声震荡搅拌30 min;再依次加入54 mL去离子水和30 mL氨水;5 min后,将 0.27 mL TEOS快速注入到三口瓶中;反应一段时间,三口瓶中出现絮状物沉淀后,反应结束;将溶液静置沉淀后,用乙醇进行洗涤;将得到的产物倒入蒸发皿中,在60℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中烘干,最终制得AgNWs@SiO2
称取一定比例的AgNWs和AgNWs@SiO2填料到三口瓶中,其中填料的质量分数分别为5%、10%、15%、20%、25%,然后加入适量的DMAc溶剂,超声震荡搅拌2 h;再加入ODA搅拌至完全溶解,再将PMDA分批加入到反应体系中,每次加入剩余量的一半,直至出现“爬杆”现象,反应结束,得到AgNWs/PAA和AgNWs@SiO2/PAA复合胶液,待复合胶液的气泡完全去除后,备用。
用注射器抽取一定量的AgNWs/PAA和AgNWs@SiO2/PAA复合胶液,采用自制的纺丝机在负载电压为20 kV、注射器的推进速率为6 μL/min的条件下进行静电纺丝,用转速为365 r/min滚筒进行收集,6 h后收集完成;用原始的AgNWs/PAA和AgNWs@SiO2/PAA胶液在玻璃板上铺膜,再将电纺复合薄膜平整的贴在上面,让胶液浸渍到电纺膜的孔隙中。然后采用梯度升温进行热亚胺化,升温程序为80℃/1 h+110℃/2 h+150℃/2 h+200℃/1 h+250℃/30 min+300℃/30 min。待烘箱冷却到室温后,将玻璃板放在水中,慢慢揭下薄膜,最终制得E-AgNWs/PI和E-AgNWs @SiO2/PI复合薄膜。
采用赛默飞Apreo C型扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对AgNWs的形貌结构进行观察;采用日本电子株式会社JEM-2100型透射电子显微镜(TEM)对AgNWs@SiO2和E-AgNWs@SiO2/PAA的形貌结构进行观察;采用瑞典Hot Disk TPS3500型热常数分析仪对E-AgNWs/PI和E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的热导率进行测试;采用德国Novocontro公司Alpha-A型宽频介电谱仪对E-AgNWs/PI和E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的介电常数和介质损耗因数进行测试;采用上海精密科学仪器有限公司ZC36型高阻计对E-AgNWs/PI和E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的体积电阻率进行测试。
图1为AgNWs的扫描电镜图。从图1中可以看到,AgNWs呈形貌规整的线型结构,平均长度为10 μm,直径约为95 nm,长径比达到105左右;整体分布比较均匀,基本上没有相互缠结;AgNWs无规排布,相互堆叠交叉形成无规网络;无明显的团聚现象,分散性较好。
图2是AgNWs@SiO2的透射电镜图。
图2中颜色较深、表面光滑的线型物为AgNWs,颜色较浅的壳层结构为SiO2。AgNWs在其表面吸附了足够多的SiO2粒子,形成致密均匀的SiO2包覆层,包覆厚度约为20 nm;从图2中可以看到清晰的AgNWs@SiO2核壳结构,并且壳层厚度均匀,轮廓分明。
图3为E-AgNWs@SiO2/PAA的TEM图。图3中深灰色基体为电纺纤维,纤维内部有黑色线状物,并且表面并不平整光滑,由此可以推断出这个线状物是AgNWs@SiO2。通过静电纺丝技术,将导电填料AgNWs@SiO2引入到PAA纤维内部,并且沿着纤维定向排列,在一定程度上可以提高复合薄膜的导热性。
图4为聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的热导率随填料质量分数变化的柱状图。
图4可以看出,复合薄膜的热导率随填料 含量的增加而增大。因为AgNWs的热导率为 429 W/(m·K),SiO2的热导率为7.6 W/(m·K)[9],所以AgNWs和AgNWs@SiO2的热导率比聚酰亚胺基体的热导率要大得多,随着填料含量的增加,热导率随之增大;而且静电纺丝技术使纤维有序排列,导热网络更易于搭建,因此聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的热导率大幅提升。在填料质量分数为25%时,E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的热导率达到2.92 W/(m·K),E-AgNWs@ SiO2/PI复合薄膜的热导率达到2.80 W/(m·K),分别是纯PI薄膜的14.6倍和14倍。在填料含量相同的情况下,E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的热导率比E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的热导率稍大一些,这是因为SiO2的热导率介于AgNWs和PI之间,比AgNWs的热导率小,所以AgNWs@SiO2的热导率比AgNWs小,最终E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的热导率比E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的热导率小。
图5为不同填料含量E-AgNWs/PI和E-AgNWs @SiO2/PI复合薄膜的介电常数随频率的变化。
图5(a)、(b)可以看出,与原始的聚酰亚胺相比,随着填料AgNWs和AgNWs@SiO2含量的逐渐增加,E-AgNWs/PI和E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的介电常数逐渐增大。这是因为AgNWs是高导电材料,它的引入会造成绝缘材料基体的介电常数增大。当AgNWs填料质量分数低于15%时,随着AgNWs含量的增加,E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜介电常数的增大幅度较小,这是因为静电纺丝使AgNWs较为分散,所以E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的介电常数仅有小幅度的增大;当AgNWs填料质量分数高于15%时,随着AgNWs含量的增加,E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜介电常数的增大幅度较大。这是因为随着AgNWs含量的增加,体系中载流子增多,AgNWs之间的距离缩短,在静电纺丝纤维中形成很多微电容,增加了界面极化和电子极化,从而增大了E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的介电常数。随着AgNWs@SiO2填料含量的增加,E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜介电常数增大的幅度较均匀,这是因为在静电纺丝纤维中,SiO2的包覆减少了AgNWs之间的搭接,使AgNWs@SiO2的分散性更好。AgNWs@SiO2核壳结构阻碍了AgNWs载流子的流出,减少了AgNWs与纤维之间界面的接触,降低了界面极化和电子极化,因此在AgNWs和AgNWs@SiO2填料含量相同的情况下,E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的介电常数比E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的介电常数要小。
图6为不同填料含量E-AgNWs/PI和E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜介质损耗因数随频率的变化。
图6(a)、(b)可以看出,与原始聚酰亚胺相比,AgNWs和AgNWs@SiO2填料的加入均会使聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的介质损耗因数增大。当AgNWs填料含量较低时,在较低频率下,E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的介质损耗因数增幅不大,偶极子运动平缓,损耗较小;进入高频区后,偶极子运动的速度加快,时间缩短,摩擦增加,从而导致介质损耗因数增大。当AgNWs填料质量分数为25%时,随着频率的增加,E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的介质损耗因数呈现先减小后增大的趋势。这是因为在低频率下,大量的AgNWs使偶极极子增加,偶极子运动平缓,损耗较小,而随着频率的升高,偶极极化跟不上频率的变化,体系中大量的载流子使电导损耗增加,从而使介质损耗因数增大。E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的介质损耗因数与E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜有着相同的变化趋势,但在相同的填料含量下,E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的介质损耗因数要比E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的介质损耗因数要小。这是因为AgNWs表面包覆了一层SiO2,阻碍了AgNWs的载流子运动到界面处,从而减少了电导损耗的损失。
体积电阻率是材料每单位体积对电流的阻抗,用于表征材料的电绝缘性能。通常体积电阻率越高,材料用作电绝缘部件的效能越好。图7为AgNWs和AgNWs@SiO2的填充量对E-AgNWs/PI和E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜体积电阻率的影响。对于纯PI薄膜,其体积电阻率可达到1014~1015 Ω·m,是具有较高体积电阻率的绝缘材料,而AgNWs和AgNWs@SiO2填料的加入会对复合薄膜的体积电阻率带来影响。
图7可以看出,随着填料含量的增加,E-AgNWs/PI和E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的体积电阻率均呈下降趋势。当填料质量分数为25%时, E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的体积电阻率为0.58×1013 Ω·m,E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的体积电阻率为1.79×1013 Ω·m。这是因为AgNWs和AgNWs@SiO2的电导率比聚酰亚胺的高,而且随着填料含量的增加,填料与基体之间形成的界面减小了电流的阻抗,所以导致复合薄膜的体积电阻率下降。在填料含量相同时,E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI的体积电阻率要比E-AgNWs/PI的体积电阻率高。这是因为AgNWs@SiO2表面包覆了一层SiO2,SiO2是一种具有高绝缘性能的无机填料,SiO2包覆AgNWs后会增大AgNWs之间的距离,增大电子隧穿能垒,使AgNWs之间的电子隧穿效应减弱,从而增加了接触电阻,抑制了载流子的传输,阻碍了AgNWs之间的导电效应。因此,相比于纯聚酰亚胺薄膜的体积电阻率,E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的体积电阻率的下降幅度要比E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜小。表明E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的绝缘性能要比E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜好。
(1)采用多元醇法成功制备出长度约为10 μm,长径比达到105左右的AgNWs,并且成功地在AgNWs表面包覆了一层致密均匀的SiO2层,包覆层厚度约为20 nm,形成了AgNWs@SiO2核壳结构。
(2)在填料质量分数为25%时,E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜的热导率达到2.92 W/(m·K),E-AgNWs@ SiO2/PI复合薄膜的热导率达到2.80 W/(m·K),E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜比E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜具有更优异的导热性能。
(3)E-AgNWs@SiO2/PI复合薄膜的绝缘性能优于E-AgNWs/PI复合薄膜,介电常数和介质损耗因数更小。
  • 黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2020E087)
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2021年第54卷第11期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.017
  • 接收时间:2021-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-23
  • 出版时间:2021-11-22
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  • 收稿日期:2021-04-30
  • 修回日期:2021-06-13
基金
黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2020E087)
作者信息
    哈尔滨理工大学,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150000

通讯作者:

吴子剑(1983-),男(汉族),黑龙江虎林人,副教授,研究方向为功能电介质材料。
翁凌(1979-),男(汉族),广西桂林人,教授,研究方向为聚合物基电介质材料。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.017
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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