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Article(id=1241799380257276156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241799375576437302, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.09.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1603382400000, receivedDateStr=2020-10-23, revisedDate=1608739200000, revisedDateStr=2020-12-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773997643769, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1632067200000, pubDateStr=2021-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773997643769, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773997643769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773997643769, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241799375576437302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='109', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773997642653, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773997716115, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241799683752919920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241799375576437302, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241799683752919921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241799375576437302, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=55, endPage=59, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241799380672512266, articleId=1241799380257276156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Application of Environmental Friendly Insulating Varnish in Wind Turbine Generator, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Three kinds of solvent-free vacuum pressure impregnated (VPI) insulating varnishes for wind turbine generator were introduced, and their chemical composition and properties were compared with those of the current solvent-containing insulating varnishes. The results show that the solvent-free insulating varnishes have the advantages of low volatilization, environmental protection, and good process applicability, which can meet the technical requirements of current insulating varnish.

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介绍了3种风力发电机用无溶剂型真空压力浸渍（VPI）绝缘漆，并从化学组成和性能上与现用含溶剂型绝缘漆进行了对比研究。结果表明：无溶剂型绝缘漆具有挥发分低、环保及工艺适用性良好等特性，在保持环境友好性的同时，其性能可以满足现阶段用绝缘漆的技术要求。

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马红亮（1993-），男（汉族），陕西宝鸡人，助理工程师，主要从事电机绝缘结构设计研究。

刘冠芳（1983-），女（汉族），陕西西安人，高级工程师，主要从事电机绝缘结构设计研究。

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马红亮（1993-），男（汉族），陕西宝鸡人，助理工程师，主要从事电机绝缘结构设计研究。

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马红亮（1993-），男（汉族），陕西宝鸡人，助理工程师，主要从事电机绝缘结构设计研究。

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刘冠芳（1983-），女（汉族），陕西西安人，高级工程师，主要从事电机绝缘结构设计研究。

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刘冠芳（1983-），女（汉族），陕西西安人，高级工程师，主要从事电机绝缘结构设计研究。

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Maxwell-stefan modeling of mass transfer in solvent impregnated resins[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,2015,132:139-149., articleTitle=Maxwell-stefan modeling of mass transfer in solvent impregnated resins, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084035244999273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=51, issue=10, pageStart=11, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=张大丽, 邹家桂, 张杰元, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张大丽,邹家桂,张杰元,等.环保型聚酯亚胺改性环氧树脂在高压电机模拟线棒中的应用研究[J].绝缘材料,2018,51(10):11-15., articleTitle=环保型聚酯亚胺改性环氧树脂在高压电机模拟线棒中的应用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084035303719531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=49, issue=30, pageStart=3741, pageEnd=3753, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=MADHUKAR M S, MARTOVETSKY N N, journalName=Journal of Composite Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MADHUKAR M S, MARTOVETSKY N N. DGEBF epoxy blends for use in the resin impregnation of extremely large composite parts[J]. Journal of Composite Materials,2015,49(30):3741-3753., articleTitle=DGEBF epoxy blends for use in the resin impregnation of extremely large composite parts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084035366634096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=11, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=衷敬和, 姜其斌, 黎勇, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=衷敬和,姜其斌,黎勇,等.C级无溶剂有机硅浸渍漆的应用工艺研究[J].绝缘材料,2008,41(4):11-13., articleTitle=C级无溶剂有机硅浸渍漆的应用工艺研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084035458908786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=朱宏, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱宏.改性不饱和聚酯绝缘漆的耐热及导热行为[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2011., articleTitle=改性不饱和聚酯绝缘漆的耐热及导热行为, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084035534406263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=周成, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周成.高效电机用真空压力浸渍树脂及绝缘系统的研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2016., articleTitle=高效电机用真空压力浸渍树脂及绝缘系统的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084035639263865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=51, issue=12, pageStart=36, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=李强军, 王有川, 赵安然, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李强军,王有川,赵安然,等.低黏度高耐热性不饱和聚酯树脂的研究[J].绝缘材料,2018,51(12):36-41., 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245084033579860511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Conventional performance of insulating varnishes, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测项目试验条件检测结果
绝缘漆A绝缘漆B绝缘漆C绝缘漆D
外观常态淡黄色均匀透明液体黄色均匀透明液体黄色均匀透明液体淡黄色均匀透明液体
密度/(g/cm3)液态1.081.101.121.14
黏度/(Pa·s)23℃0.5450.5450.7490.703
凝胶时间/s135℃330350441316
表面干燥性140℃/1h不粘不粘不粘粘
厚层固化能力140℃/2hS1U1I2.1S1U1I2.1S1U1I2.1S1U1I2.1
邵氏D硬度常态上表面87908986.7
下表面94949595.5
粘结力/N(23±2)℃272171254201.5
拉伸强度/MPa(23±2)℃46.032.035.533.0
弯曲强度/MPa(23±2)℃1129510196
冲击强度/(kJ/m2)(23±2)℃6.15.05.25.3
电气强度/(kV/mm)常态27.426.227.727.4
浸水24h27.226.027.427.5
体积电阻率/(×1014Ω·m)常态3.584.235.045.08
浸水24h3.524.024.934.84
工频介质损耗因数/%常态0.358 50.480 20.407 50.315 9
浸水24h0.331 30.503 30.420 90.355 8
), ArticleFig(id=1245084033672135203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

绝缘漆的常规性能测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测项目试验条件检测结果
绝缘漆A绝缘漆B绝缘漆C绝缘漆D
外观常态淡黄色均匀透明液体黄色均匀透明液体黄色均匀透明液体淡黄色均匀透明液体
密度/(g/cm3)液态1.081.101.121.14
黏度/(Pa·s)23℃0.5450.5450.7490.703
凝胶时间/s135℃330350441316
表面干燥性140℃/1h不粘不粘不粘粘
厚层固化能力140℃/2hS1U1I2.1S1U1I2.1S1U1I2.1S1U1I2.1
邵氏D硬度常态上表面87908986.7
下表面94949595.5
粘结力/N(23±2)℃272171254201.5
拉伸强度/MPa(23±2)℃46.032.035.533.0
弯曲强度/MPa(23±2)℃1129510196
冲击强度/(kJ/m2)(23±2)℃6.15.05.25.3
电气强度/(kV/mm)常态27.426.227.727.4
浸水24h27.226.027.427.5
体积电阻率/(×1014Ω·m)常态3.584.235.045.08
浸水24h3.524.024.934.84
工频介质损耗因数/%常态0.358 50.480 20.407 50.315 9
浸水24h0.331 30.503 30.420 90.355 8
), ArticleFig(id=1245084033756021286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Thermogravimetric analysis of insulating varnishes, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品T5%/℃T15%/℃T50%/℃T60%/℃T70%/℃T80%/℃T90%/℃500℃时残留率/%温度指数/℃
绝缘漆A284.5317.0370.0393.0411.5424.0446.04.99162
绝缘漆B281.5305.0339.0349.0389.0425.5440.51.27154
绝缘漆C292.6316.0359.0375.0412.6459.6489.15.93160
绝缘漆D279.3316.8353.0380.8412.3426.3439.31.84160
), ArticleFig(id=1245084033844101673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

绝缘漆的热重分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品T5%/℃T15%/℃T50%/℃T60%/℃T70%/℃T80%/℃T90%/℃500℃时残留率/%温度指数/℃
绝缘漆A284.5317.0370.0393.0411.5424.0446.04.99162
绝缘漆B281.5305.0339.0349.0389.0425.5440.51.27154
绝缘漆C292.6316.0359.0375.0412.6459.6489.15.93160
绝缘漆D279.3316.8353.0380.8412.3426.3439.31.84160
), ArticleFig(id=1245084033923793451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Environmental performance of insulating varnishes, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测项目试验条件测试结果
绝缘漆A绝缘漆B绝缘漆C绝缘漆D
气味常态有刺激性气味无刺激性气味无刺激性气味无刺激性气味
固化挥发分/%155℃/3 h（45 mm×45 mm铝盒）4.261.611.581.41
155℃/3 h（Φ75 mm铝盒）20.249.684.848.8

真空性能试验

（≤100 Pa/1 h）

质量损失/g1.590.330.290.11
黏度变化率/%12.727.856.875.14
), ArticleFig(id=1245084033982513711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

绝缘漆的环保性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测项目试验条件测试结果
绝缘漆A绝缘漆B绝缘漆C绝缘漆D
气味常态有刺激性气味无刺激性气味无刺激性气味无刺激性气味
固化挥发分/%155℃/3 h（45 mm×45 mm铝盒）4.261.611.581.41
155℃/3 h（Φ75 mm铝盒）20.249.684.848.8

真空性能试验

（≤100 Pa/1 h）

质量损失/g1.590.330.290.11
黏度变化率/%12.727.856.875.14
), ArticleFig(id=1245084034058011188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=Process testing of insulating varnishes, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测项目试验条件测试结果
绝缘漆A绝缘漆B绝缘漆C绝缘漆D
黏度变化率/%60℃/96 h0.3440.4240.3260.186
漆与铜的反应60℃/24 h无铜绿有铜绿无铜绿无铜绿
固化厚层样品工艺性加熔敷铜扁线固化厚层开裂开裂不开裂开裂
加漆包线段固化厚层开裂不开裂不开裂不开裂
加M10螺母固化厚层不开裂不开裂不开裂不开裂
), ArticleFig(id=1245084034146091575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

绝缘漆的工艺性试验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测项目试验条件测试结果
绝缘漆A绝缘漆B绝缘漆C绝缘漆D
黏度变化率/%60℃/96 h0.3440.4240.3260.186
漆与铜的反应60℃/24 h无铜绿有铜绿无铜绿无铜绿
固化厚层样品工艺性加熔敷铜扁线固化厚层开裂开裂不开裂开裂
加漆包线段固化厚层开裂不开裂不开裂不开裂
加M10螺母固化厚层不开裂不开裂不开裂不开裂
), ArticleFig(id=1245084034250949177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=Characteristic curing temperature of insulating varnishes, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Ti/℃Tp/℃Tf/℃ΔH/(J/g)
绝缘漆A129.44142.42156.21105.82
绝缘漆B115.40139.63154.11119.46
绝缘漆C124.03137.96150.2663.07
绝缘漆D122.83135.34147.2747.68
), ArticleFig(id=1245084034431304255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

绝缘漆的特征固化温度

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样品Ti/℃Tp/℃Tf/℃ΔH/(J/g)
绝缘漆A129.44142.42156.21105.82
绝缘漆B115.40139.63154.11119.46
绝缘漆C124.03137.96150.2663.07
绝缘漆D122.83135.34147.2747.68
), ArticleFig(id=1245084034498413122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=Test results of low temperature resistance and cold and heat shock resistance of insulating varnishes, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测项目绝缘漆A绝缘漆B绝缘漆C绝缘漆D
冷热冲击试验开裂开裂不开裂开裂
长时低温试验开裂不开裂不开裂不开裂
), ArticleFig(id=1245084034611659336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799380257276156, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

绝缘漆的耐低温和耐冷热冲击性能试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测项目绝缘漆A绝缘漆B绝缘漆C绝缘漆D
冷热冲击试验开裂开裂不开裂开裂
长时低温试验开裂不开裂不开裂不开裂
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风力发电机用环保型绝缘漆的应用研究
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马红亮 1, 2 , 张晓强 1, 2 , 郭大鹏 1, 2 , 韩汶欣 1, 2 , 刘冠芳 1, 2
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021,54(9): 55-59
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021, 54(9): 55-59
风力发电机用环保型绝缘漆的应用研究
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马红亮1, 2, 张晓强1, 2, 郭大鹏1, 2, 韩汶欣1, 2, 刘冠芳1, 2
作者信息
  • 1中车永济电机有限公司，山西 永济 044502
  • 2轨道交通牵引电机山西省重点实验室，山西 永济 044502

    • 马红亮（1993-），男（汉族），陕西宝鸡人，助理工程师，主要从事电机绝缘结构设计研究。

    刘冠芳（1983-），女（汉族），陕西西安人，高级工程师，主要从事电机绝缘结构设计研究。

Application of Environmental Friendly Insulating Varnish in Wind Turbine Generator
Hongliang MA1, 2, Xiaoqiang ZHANG1, 2, Dapeng GUO1, 2, Wenxin HAN1, 2, Guanfang LIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1CRRC Yongji Electric Co., Ltd., Yongji 044502, China
  • 2Shanxi Key Laboratory of Traction Motor for Rail Transit, Yongji 044502, China
出版时间: 2021-09-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.09.008
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摘要
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介绍了3种风力发电机用无溶剂型真空压力浸渍（VPI）绝缘漆，并从化学组成和性能上与现用含溶剂型绝缘漆进行了对比研究。结果表明：无溶剂型绝缘漆具有挥发分低、环保及工艺适用性良好等特性，在保持环境友好性的同时，其性能可以满足现阶段用绝缘漆的技术要求。

绝缘漆  /  环保  /  无溶剂

Three kinds of solvent-free vacuum pressure impregnated (VPI) insulating varnishes for wind turbine generator were introduced, and their chemical composition and properties were compared with those of the current solvent-containing insulating varnishes. The results show that the solvent-free insulating varnishes have the advantages of low volatilization, environmental protection, and good process applicability, which can meet the technical requirements of current insulating varnish.

insulating varnish  /  environmental friendly  /  solvent-free
马红亮, 张晓强, 郭大鹏, 韩汶欣, 刘冠芳. 风力发电机用环保型绝缘漆的应用研究. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (9) : 55 -59 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.09.008
Hongliang MA, Xiaoqiang ZHANG, Dapeng GUO, Wenxin HAN, Guanfang LIU. Application of Environmental Friendly Insulating Varnish in Wind Turbine Generator[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (9) : 55 -59 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.09.008
正文
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0 引言
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近年来，随着电机制造技术的迅速发展及国家对环保的高度重视，对电机绝缘系统用绝缘漆提出了更高的技术要求[1-2]。除了要求工艺适应性及可靠性优良之外，还需要绝缘漆具有较低的VOC排放和良好的环境相容性。鉴于目前的环保要求，挥发性低、无刺激性气味、环保型的绝缘漆成为未来的发展方向[3-5]。
现阶段风力发电机用绝缘漆多含有活性稀释剂——乙烯基甲苯，虽具有良好的力学和介电性能，但其含有机溶剂、挥发性强、有刺激性气味，对车间操作人员和周围环境有较大的危害。此外，日常增补稀释剂调节绝缘漆的黏度会提高生产成本。因此，开发低黏度、无溶剂及无活性稀释剂浸渍绝缘漆具有重要的现实意义[6-8]。
为实现绝缘漆的生产环保化、低成本并提高绝缘技术水平，本研究选择国内目前具有成熟应用经验及良好业绩的3家绝缘漆供应商，与其联合进行环保型绝缘漆的研制应用工作，开发出3种无溶剂型绝缘漆，并与现用含溶液型绝缘漆进行性能对比性研究，以期解决现用含溶剂型绝缘漆存在的环境污染问题。
1 试验
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1.1 主要材料及仪器设备
现用含溶剂型绝缘漆A，无溶剂型绝缘漆B、绝缘漆C和绝缘漆D，主体成分均为环氧改性不饱和聚酯类，工业品。
φ1000×2000型试验真空压力浸漆设备，沈阳国机真空技术有限公司；101C-1型电热鼓风干燥箱，上海实验仪器有限公司；HT-2102AP型万能试验机，台湾弘达公司；XCJ-4型冲击试验机，河北承德市材料试验机厂；PC68型数字高阻计，桂林电器科学研究院有限公司；QS30D型高压电桥，上海椋虹电子系统集成有限公司；CJW-30kV型耐压击穿实验装置，上海市智能仪器设备研究所；HTS25053型温度冲击试验箱，重庆汉瞻仪器有限公司；CAP 2000+旋转黏度计，美国BROOKFIELD公司；TENSOR27型红外光谱仪，德国Bruker公司；STA449C型同步热分析仪，德国Netzsch公司。
1.2 试验方法
1.2.1 化学成分分析
采用KBr压片法，通过德国Bruker公司的TENSOR27型红外光谱仪表征绝缘漆样品的特征官能团。
1.2.2 常规性能测试
根据GB/T 15022.2—2017《电气绝缘用树脂基活性复合物 第2部分：试验方法》测定绝缘漆的常规性能；根据GB/T 1408.1—2016《绝缘材料电气强度试验方法 第1部分：工频下试验》测定绝缘漆的电气强度；根据GB/T 31838.2—2019《固体绝缘材料 介电和电阻特性 第2部分：电阻特性（DC方法）体积电阻和体积电阻率》测定绝缘漆的电阻率。
1.2.3 环保性能测试
采用真空压力浸漆设备进行抽真空试验。在 ≤100 Pa下抽真空1 h，测试绝缘漆质量损失和黏度变化率。
1.2.4 耐热性能测试
采用同步热分析仪对绝缘漆样品进行耐热性能测试，试验条件为空气气氛（流量为50 mL/min），升温速率为10℃/min，温度范围为25～700℃。
1.2.5 工艺性能试验
通过测试不同温度下绝缘漆样品的旋转黏度确定绝缘漆的最佳浸漆温度，测试温度为23～65℃；采用同步热分析仪测试并确定绝缘漆在VPI浸漆后烘焙阶段的最佳固化温度，试验条件为空气气氛（流量为50 mL/min），升温速率为10℃/min，样品质量约为5 mg；在尺寸为45 mm×45 mm的铝盒内加入10 g绝缘漆，然后分别加M10螺母、熔敷铜扁线线段及漆包线线段，在145℃/4 h+175℃/6 h工艺条件下固化，观察是否存在开裂现象。
1.2.6 耐低温和耐冷热冲击性能测试
根据GB/T 2423.22—2012《环境试验 第2部分：试验方法 试验N：温度变化》对通过工艺性试验验证的绝缘漆固化厚层样品进行冷热冲击试验，在 -45℃/30 min+155℃/30 min下循环20周期，观察试样是否存在开裂现象。
根据GB/T 2423.1—2008《电工电子产品环境试验 第2部分：试验方法 试验A：低温》对通过工艺性试验验证的绝缘漆固化厚层样品进行长时低温试验，即在-45℃下处理96 h，观察试样是否存在开裂现象。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 化学成分分析
图1为4种绝缘漆和乙烯基甲苯的红外光谱图。从图1可以看出，在绝缘漆的红外光谱图中，1 720～1 724 cm-1处为不饱和聚酯中C=O的伸缩振动吸收峰；1 638～1 645 cm-1处为C=C的伸缩振动吸收峰，1 608 cm-1和1 509 cm-1处为芳环骨架的伸缩振动吸收峰，1 582 cm-1处为芳环骨架与α-不饱和双键共轭作用的结果；1 297 cm-1处为芳香族醚Ph-O-C的非对称伸缩振动吸收峰；1 247～1 257 cm-1和939～816 cm-1处分别为环氧基的对称和非对称伸缩振动吸收峰。其中，绝缘漆A在1 375 cm-1处的较强吸收峰为-CH3的弯曲振动吸收峰，而绝缘漆B、绝缘漆C和绝缘漆D的红外光谱中没有出现，这与绝缘漆A中添加的活性稀释剂乙烯基甲苯有关。分析表明，4种绝缘漆的主体成分均为环氧改性不饱和聚酯树脂，现用绝缘漆A添加有活性稀释剂乙烯基甲苯。
2.2 常规性能
表1为绝缘漆的常规性能测试结果。从表1可知，3种无溶剂型绝缘漆与现用有溶剂型绝缘漆A相比在物理基础性能、力学性能和电气性能上并无显著差别。
2.3 耐热性能
图2和表2为4种绝缘漆的TGA测试结果。从图2和表2可以看出，绝缘漆C的起始分解温度（T5%）略高于其余3种绝缘漆。绝缘漆A在分解50%时的分解温度（T50%）最高，这是由于聚苯乙烯和聚酯的分解活化能和分解温度均高于环氧树脂，不饱和环氧树脂绝缘漆中除了环氧单元外，苯乙烯链段的引入有利于其热稳定性的提高[9]。当分解80%时，绝缘漆C的分解温度（T80%）明显高于其他3种绝缘漆，这是由于绝缘漆C的分子结构中C=C键能较高，丙烯酸链段和酯键的引入有利于提高绝缘漆C的热稳定性。绝缘漆B和绝缘漆D在500℃时的残留率均低于2%。根据JB/T 1544—2015《电工绝缘浸渍漆和漆布快速热老化试验方法-热重点斜法》，计算得到4种绝缘漆的温度指数分别为162、154、160、160℃。可见，绝缘漆C和绝缘漆D的温度指数同绝缘漆A相当，三者均略优于绝缘漆B。
2.4 环保性能
分别从气味、固化挥发分和真空性能试验等几个方面考察了4种绝缘漆的环保性能，结果如表3所示。由表3可知，与现用绝缘漆A相比，3种无溶剂型绝缘漆具有无刺激性气味、低挥发分、环保等明显优势。真空性能试验后3种无溶剂型绝缘漆的质量损失和黏度变化率均显著低于绝缘漆A，这与固化挥发分试验结论一致。
2.5 工艺性能
表4为绝缘漆的工艺性能试验结果。由表4可知，3种无溶剂型绝缘漆在60℃下贮存96 h后黏度变化率均不大，绝缘漆D的黏度变化率最小，均表现出较好的贮存稳定性；除了绝缘漆B，其他3种绝缘漆均不与铜反应；在加熔敷铜扁线固化厚层、加漆包线段固化厚层及加M10螺母固化厚层样品中，绝缘漆A、绝缘漆B和绝缘漆D出现部分开裂现象，而绝缘漆C均未出现开裂现象，表明绝缘漆C具有优良的工艺适用性。
黏度是绝缘漆一个至关重要的指标，黏度过大会使绝缘漆的渗透性降低，不利于真空压力浸渍（VPI）工艺[10]。通过测试不同温度下绝缘漆样品的旋转黏度可以判断VPI浸漆过程绝缘漆的最佳浸漆温度。图3为4种绝缘漆的黏温曲线。从图3可以看出，3种无溶剂型绝缘漆与现用绝缘漆A的黏温曲线接近，均具有良好的黏温特性，即随着温度升高，黏度迅速下降，在25～35℃ 3种无溶剂型绝缘漆的黏度均为250～580 mPa·s，可以满足风力发电机的VPI工艺要求。
通过研究绝缘漆的DSC固化工艺过程可以确定绝缘漆在VPI浸漆后烘焙阶段的最佳固化温度。图4为4种绝缘漆的DSC曲线。
从图4可以看出，4种绝缘漆的DSC曲线均存在多个明显的放热峰，可初步断定4种绝缘漆的固化反应在动态条件下分多个阶段进行，其中在120～160℃的窄放热峰为固化反应主峰，放热量最大，此过程控制反应动力学，后续放热峰为交联网络中因升温速率过快而存在少量不能流动的化学键在高温下继续交联反应产生的放热峰[11]。表5列出了4种绝缘漆在10℃/min下主反应的3个特征温度，分别为固化反应初始温度Ti、峰值温度Tp和固化反应终止温度Tf。从表5可以看出，4种绝缘漆的最佳固化温度范围均在110～140℃。绝缘漆C和绝缘漆D的固化引发温度范围更窄，表明其在电机浸漆过程中具有更方便可控的工艺性能。
2.6 耐低温和耐冷热冲击性能
对通过工艺性试验验证的绝缘漆样品进行耐低温和冷热冲击性能测试，结果如表6所示。由表6可知，冷热冲击循环20周期及-45℃低温处理96 h后，绝缘漆A均产生开裂现象，绝缘漆B和绝缘漆D的冷热冲击试样产生开裂现象，而绝缘漆C均不产生开裂现象。表明绝缘漆C具有优良的耐低温和冷热冲击性能。
3 结论
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（1）与公司现用绝缘漆A相比，3种无溶剂绝缘漆均具有无刺激性气味、低挥发分、环保等明显优势。
（2）绝缘漆C和绝缘漆D的温度指数同绝缘漆A相当，三者均略优于绝缘漆B。
（3）与绝缘漆A相比，无溶剂型绝缘漆固化温度范围较窄，在VPI浸漆过程中具有更加方便可控的工艺性能。
（4）绝缘漆C具有优良的耐低温、冷热冲击性能及工艺适用性，综合性能最佳。
文献
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2021年第54卷第9期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.09.008
  • 接收时间：2020-10-23
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2021-09-20
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  • 收稿日期：2020-10-23
  • 修回日期：2020-12-24
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    1中车永济电机有限公司，山西 永济 044502
    2轨道交通牵引电机山西省重点实验室，山西 永济 044502
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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