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Article(id=1241799377442902592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241799375576437302, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.09.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1600444800000, receivedDateStr=2020-09-19, revisedDate=1604419200000, revisedDateStr=2020-11-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773997643098, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1632067200000, pubDateStr=2021-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773997643098, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773997643098, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773997643098, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241799375576437302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='109', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773997642653, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773997716115, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241799683752919920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241799375576437302, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241799683752919921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241799375576437302, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=60, endPage=64, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241799378864771657, articleId=1241799377442902592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Gas Production Law of Dodecylbenzene Insulating Oil Under Electrical Fault, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Dodecylbenzene (DDB) is a kind of weak polar dielectric material widely used in self-contained high voltage oil filling cable and its accessories. A domestic dodecylbenzene insulating oil was selected as research object, and its physical and chemical properties, and electrical properties were tested. A test system for simulating different types of electrical faults in oil was established, and the gas production characteristics of the dodecylbenzene under two electrical faults of power frequency breakdown in oil and flashover along the oil-paper surface were studied. The results show that the dodecylbenzene insulating oil has excellent physical and chemical properties, and electrical properties. H2 and C2H2 are the characteristic gases under two electrical faults. According to the dissolved gases analysis (DGA) technology of mineral oil, the three ratio method of IEC is suitable for the fault type diagnosis of dodecylbenzene insulating oil, while the Dewey triangle method is not suitable.

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十二烷基苯（DDB）是一种广泛应用于自容式高压充油电缆及其附件的弱极性电介质材料。选取国产十二烷基苯绝缘油为研究对象，测试其理化性能和电气性能；建立模拟油中不同电故障类型的试验系统，研究油中工频击穿和油纸沿面闪络两种电故障下十二烷基苯绝缘油的产气特性。结果表明：十二烷基苯绝缘油的理化性能和电气性能优异；在两种电故障下，H2和C2H2是其特征气体。由矿物油的溶解气体分析（DGA）技术可知，IEC三比值法适用于十二烷基苯绝缘油的故障类型诊断，而杜威三角法不适用。

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钟力生（1961-），男（汉族），四川隆昌人，教授，研究方向为高电压与绝缘。
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廖建平（1983-），男（汉族），江西赣州人，高级工程师，研究方向为电力油、气检测分析及故障诊断。

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廖建平（1983-），男（汉族），江西赣州人，高级工程师，研究方向为电力油、气检测分析及故障诊断。

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廖建平（1983-），男（汉族），江西赣州人，高级工程师，研究方向为电力油、气检测分析及故障诊断。

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refType=null, unstructuredReference=夏俊峰,仲伟霞,李闯,等.500kV超高压充油海缆绝缘油混合替代研究[J].电线电缆,2014(1):1-5., articleTitle=500kV超高压充油海缆绝缘油混合替代研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084040370434066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1988, volume=21, issue=5, pageStart=25, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=赵良善, journalName=绝缘材料通讯, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵良善.国产十二烷基苯在高压变压器上应用的研究[J].绝缘材料通讯,1988,21(5):25-30., articleTitle=国产十二烷基苯在高压变压器上应用的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084040445931541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1980, volume=13, issue=2, pageStart=13, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=韦华达, journalName=绝缘材料通讯, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韦华达.十二烷基苯高压充油电缆合成油的研究与应用[J].绝缘材料通讯,1980,13(2):13-21., articleTitle=十二烷基苯高压充油电缆合成油的研究与应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084040534011928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=65, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=陈刚, 许广虎, 赵举, journalName=新疆电力技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈刚,许广虎,赵举.十二烷基苯人工合成绝缘油用于750kV套管的安全性分析[J].新疆电力技术,2017(4):65-69., articleTitle=十二烷基苯人工合成绝缘油用于750kV套管的安全性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084040596926491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1989, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=42, pageEnd=44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=张殿明, journalName=润滑油, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张殿明.烷基苯型电容器油与变压器油特性介绍[J].润滑油,1989(3):42-44., articleTitle=烷基苯型电容器油与变压器油特性介绍, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084040676618270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=International Electrotechnical Commission, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=International Electrotechnical Commission. Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment in service – Guidance on the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis: IEC 60599-2015[S]. Geneva:IEC,2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084040739532832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=IEEE Power and Energy Society, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=IEEE Power and Energy Society. IEEE guide for the interpretation of gases generated in oil-immersed transformers: IEEE Std C57.104TM-2008[S]. New York:IEEE,2009., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084040823418915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=30, issue=3, pageStart=1220, pageEnd=1225, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=SUN H C, HUANG Y C, HUANG C M, journalName=Energy Procedia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN H C, HUANG Y C, HUANG C M, et al. A review of dissolved gas analysis in power transformers[J]. Energy Procedia,2012,30(3):1220-1225., articleTitle=A review of dissolved gas analysis in power transformers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084040903110694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=30, issue=3, pageStart=39, pageEnd=49, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=BAKAR N A, ABU-SIADA A, ISLAM S, journalName=IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAKAR N A, ABU-SIADA A, ISLAM S, et al. A review of dissolved gas analysis measurement and interpretation techniques[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2014,30(3):39-49., articleTitle=A review of dissolved gas analysis measurement and interpretation techniques, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245084040966025257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=83, issue=1, pageStart=73, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=BACHA K, SOUAHLIA S, GOSSA M, journalName=Electric Power Systems Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BACHA K, SOUAHLIA S, GOSSA M, et al. Power transformer fault diagnosis based on dissolved gas analysis by support vector machine[J]. 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项目测试结果试验方法IEC 60465:1988要求
外观透明，无悬浮物和沉淀物目测透明，无悬浮物和沉淀物
密度(20℃)/(g/cm3)0.859ISO 3675-1998—
运动黏度(40℃)/(mm2/s)3.53ISO 3104-1994≤6.5
闪点(闭口)/℃146.5ISO 2719-2016≥100
闪点(开口)/℃140ISO 2592-2017≥110
倾点/℃<-60ISO 3016 -2019≤-40
酸值/(mgKOH/g)0.0168IEC 62021-1-2003≤0.03
介质损耗因数3.8×10-4IEC 60247-2004—
体积电阻率/(Ω·m)6.71×1012IEC 60247-2004—
击穿电压/kV73.6IEC 60156-2018≥40
), ArticleFig(id=1245084039183447012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

十二烷基苯绝缘油的理化、电气性能参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目测试结果试验方法IEC 60465:1988要求
外观透明，无悬浮物和沉淀物目测透明，无悬浮物和沉淀物
密度(20℃)/(g/cm3)0.859ISO 3675-1998—
运动黏度(40℃)/(mm2/s)3.53ISO 3104-1994≤6.5
闪点(闭口)/℃146.5ISO 2719-2016≥100
闪点(开口)/℃140ISO 2592-2017≥110
倾点/℃<-60ISO 3016 -2019≤-40
酸值/(mgKOH/g)0.0168IEC 62021-1-2003≤0.03
介质损耗因数3.8×10-4IEC 60247-2004—
体积电阻率/(Ω·m)6.71×1012IEC 60247-2004—
击穿电压/kV73.6IEC 60156-2018≥40
), ArticleFig(id=1245084039271527396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=TDCG content and gas proportion after power frequency breakdown, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
击穿次数气体占比/%TDCG/(μL/L)
CH4C2H4C2H6C2H2H2CO
55.5912.261.2234.7146.22012.849
105.4314.041.2635.6943.58070.067
155.0213.571.1235.9144.380114.231
204.8013.101.1036.3544.520.14129.132
平均值5.2113.241.1835.6644.680.03—
), ArticleFig(id=1245084039334441959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

工频击穿后油中总溶解可燃气体含量和各气体占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
击穿次数气体占比/%TDCG/(μL/L)
CH4C2H4C2H6C2H2H2CO
55.5912.261.2234.7146.22012.849
105.4314.041.2635.6943.58070.067
155.0213.571.1235.9144.380114.231
204.8013.101.1036.3544.520.14129.132
平均值5.2113.241.1835.6644.680.03—
), ArticleFig(id=1245084039414133738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=TDCG content and gas proportion after power frequency oil-paper surface flashover, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
沿面闪络次数气体占比/%TDCG/(μL/L)
CH4C2H4C2H6C2H2H2CO
25.5413.091.2633.3444.202.5620.318
54.5212.811.0737.0642.701.8448.287
85.1811.151.1628.4151.202.9270.588
104.9014.601.1840.6637.680.98100.308
平均值5.0312.911.1734.8743.942.08—
), ArticleFig(id=1245084039481242605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

工频油纸沿面闪络后油中总溶解可燃气体含量和各气体占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
沿面闪络次数气体占比/%TDCG/(μL/L)
CH4C2H4C2H6C2H2H2CO
25.5413.091.2633.3444.202.5620.318
54.5212.811.0737.0642.701.8448.287
85.1811.151.1628.4151.202.9270.588
104.9014.601.1840.6637.680.98100.308
平均值5.0312.911.1734.8743.942.08—
), ArticleFig(id=1245084039565128689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=R2 and gas production rate of linear regression (power frequency breakdown), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数CH4C2H4C2H6C2H2H2CO
产气率/(μL/(L·次))0.3480.9550.0792.6093.1950.007
拟合优度R20.920.930.930.950.95-0.23
), ArticleFig(id=1245084039649014772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

线性回归的拟合优度和产气率(工频击穿)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数CH4C2H4C2H6C2H2H2CO
产气率/(μL/(L·次))0.3480.9550.0792.6093.1950.007
拟合优度R20.920.930.930.950.95-0.23
), ArticleFig(id=1245084039716123640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=R2 and gas production rate of linear regression (power frequency flashover), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数CH4C2H4C2H6C2H2H2CO
产气率/(μL/(L·次))0.4731.3070.1123.5853.9770.14
拟合优度R20.990.900.980.870.970.44
), ArticleFig(id=1245084039774843899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

线性回归的拟合优度和产气率（工频闪络）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数CH4C2H4C2H6C2H2H2CO
产气率/(μL/(L·次))0.4731.3070.1123.5853.9770.14
拟合优度R20.990.900.980.870.970.44
), ArticleFig(id=1245084039829369855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=Judgment result of three-ratio method, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障类型试验油样三比值判定结果
c(C2H2)/c(C2H4)c(CH4)/c(H2)c(C2H4)/c(C2H6)IEC国家标准
工频击穿烷基苯绝缘油2.5～2.90.10～0.1310.0～12.1低能放电低能放电
矿物油5.9～6.40.1～0.28.6～10.8低能放电电弧放电
工频沿面闪络烷基苯绝缘油2.5～2.90.10～0.139.6～12.4低能放电低能放电
矿物油7.1～9.60～0.112.4～17.3低能放电电弧放电
), ArticleFig(id=1245084039913254914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241799377442902592, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

三比值法判定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障类型试验油样三比值判定结果
c(C2H2)/c(C2H4)c(CH4)/c(H2)c(C2H4)/c(C2H6)IEC国家标准
工频击穿烷基苯绝缘油2.5～2.90.10～0.1310.0～12.1低能放电低能放电
矿物油5.9～6.40.1～0.28.6～10.8低能放电电弧放电
工频沿面闪络烷基苯绝缘油2.5～2.90.10～0.139.6～12.4低能放电低能放电
矿物油7.1～9.60～0.112.4～17.3低能放电电弧放电
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十二烷基苯绝缘油电故障下产气规律研究
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廖建平 1 , 楚金伟 1 , 高帆 1 , 陈宇飞 1 , 郑玥瑶 2 , 张晨 2 , 钟力生 2
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021,54(9): 60-64
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021, 54(9): 60-64
十二烷基苯绝缘油电故障下产气规律研究
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廖建平1, 楚金伟1, 高帆1, 陈宇飞1, 郑玥瑶2, 张晨2, 钟力生2
作者信息
  • 1中国南方电网有限责任公司特高压输电公司检修试验中心，广东 广州 510405
  • 2西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室，陕西 西安 710049

    • 廖建平（1983-），男（汉族），江西赣州人，高级工程师，研究方向为电力油、气检测分析及故障诊断。

通讯作者:

钟力生（1961-），男（汉族），四川隆昌人，教授，研究方向为高电压与绝缘。
Gas Production Law of Dodecylbenzene Insulating Oil Under Electrical Fault
Jianping LIAO1, Jinwei CHU1, Fan GAO1, Yufei CHEN1, Yueyao ZHENG2, Chen ZHANG2, Lisheng ZHONG2
Affiliations
  • 1Maintenance and Test Center of EHV Transmission Company, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510405, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
出版时间: 2021-09-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.09.009
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摘要
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十二烷基苯（DDB）是一种广泛应用于自容式高压充油电缆及其附件的弱极性电介质材料。选取国产十二烷基苯绝缘油为研究对象，测试其理化性能和电气性能；建立模拟油中不同电故障类型的试验系统，研究油中工频击穿和油纸沿面闪络两种电故障下十二烷基苯绝缘油的产气特性。结果表明：十二烷基苯绝缘油的理化性能和电气性能优异；在两种电故障下，H2和C2H2是其特征气体。由矿物油的溶解气体分析（DGA）技术可知，IEC三比值法适用于十二烷基苯绝缘油的故障类型诊断，而杜威三角法不适用。

烷基苯  /  击穿  /  DGA  /  产气

Dodecylbenzene (DDB) is a kind of weak polar dielectric material widely used in self-contained high voltage oil filling cable and its accessories. A domestic dodecylbenzene insulating oil was selected as research object, and its physical and chemical properties, and electrical properties were tested. A test system for simulating different types of electrical faults in oil was established, and the gas production characteristics of the dodecylbenzene under two electrical faults of power frequency breakdown in oil and flashover along the oil-paper surface were studied. The results show that the dodecylbenzene insulating oil has excellent physical and chemical properties, and electrical properties. H2 and C2H2 are the characteristic gases under two electrical faults. According to the dissolved gases analysis (DGA) technology of mineral oil, the three ratio method of IEC is suitable for the fault type diagnosis of dodecylbenzene insulating oil, while the Dewey triangle method is not suitable.

dodecylbenzene  /  breakdown  /  DGA  /  gas production
廖建平, 楚金伟, 高帆, 陈宇飞, 郑玥瑶, 张晨, 钟力生. 十二烷基苯绝缘油电故障下产气规律研究. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (9) : 60 -64 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.09.009
Jianping LIAO, Jinwei CHU, Fan GAO, Yufei CHEN, Yueyao ZHENG, Chen ZHANG, Lisheng ZHONG. Gas Production Law of Dodecylbenzene Insulating Oil Under Electrical Fault[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (9) : 60 -64 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.09.009
正文
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0 引言
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十二烷基苯（DDB）主要是由苯和长链烯烃在酸性催化剂下缩合生成的一种弱极性电介质材料，具有黏度低、介质损耗低、电气强度高、电场下析气性优异、可与石油质电缆油任意混用等优点，目前广泛应用于自容式高压充油电缆及其附件的浸渍和填充，也可用于电容器和变压器[1-5]。
近年来，挤包式绝缘电缆在中国发展迅猛，充油式绝缘电缆的研究和生产处于停滞状态。但在超高压应用场合中，相比挤包式绝缘电缆，充油式绝缘电缆运行经验更加丰富。电缆油是制造充油电缆的关键材料之一，因而在制造充油电缆过程中需要严格控制电缆油的各项性能品质；当充油电缆正式投入运行使用时需要进行故障检测和故障诊断，及时发现并排除隐患，维持电网的安全稳定运行[1]。
本研究一方面测试十二烷基苯绝缘油的各项理化、电气性能；另一方面设计并搭建电故障模拟系统，研究油中击穿、油纸沿面闪络两种电故障类型下绝缘油的产气规律，判断矿物油DGA故障诊断方法的适用性。
1 试验
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1.1 试样预处理
试验选择南京某企业生产的十二烷基苯绝缘油为研究对象。未经处理的绝缘油含有一定量的水分和空气等，对其电气性能的测试有一定的影响，故在试验前需进行脱气脱水处理。绝缘油脱气脱水处理平台如图1所示，包括真空滤油瓶、温度计、恒温磁力搅拌器和真空泵等。首先将绝缘油从注油口注入真空滤油瓶，再连通真空泵和真空滤油瓶抽真空，用氮气冲洗真空滤油瓶，该流程重复操作两次。然后保持抽真空，并用恒温磁力搅拌器对绝缘油进行加热和搅拌，使水分和气体排出。通过该处理平台，将绝缘油在55℃左右温度下抽真空（真空度<80 Pa）4 h以上，处理后油中含水量小于15×10-6且初始含气值较为稳定。
工频油纸沿面闪络试验中需使用油浸纸板，材质为硫酸盐木浆，厚度选为3 mm，尺寸为40 mm×40 mm。油浸纸板使用前需要进行烘干与浸渍，避免纸板含水对故障模拟结果造成干扰，具体流程为将纸板置于玻璃皿中放入烘箱，温度设为104℃，时间为12 h；倒入预处理的油样浸没纸板后转移至真空油浸纸罐中抽真空4 h；然后充入氮气，浸渍24 h。处理后的纸板含水量小于0.5%。
1.2 十二烷基苯绝缘油的性能测试
按照相关标准对十二烷基苯绝缘油进行性能测试，主要包括密度、运动黏度和酸值等理化性能；击穿电压、介质损耗因数和体积电阻率等电气性能。
1.3 十二烷基苯绝缘油电故障模拟试验系统
本试验主要通过模拟极不均匀电场下十二烷基苯绝缘油的击穿故障，利用溶解气体分析（dissolved gas analysis, DGA）技术对击穿后油中的特征气体进行分析，研究其产气规律。电故障模拟试验系统包括密封容器及电极两部分，密封容器为有机玻璃材质，为避免故障过程中外部环境的干扰，容器顶部盖板与容器底面均装有密封阀门用以注油与采样。电极选择针板电极，针电极为钨钢，曲率半径为40～60 μm；板电极为不锈钢材质，直径为70 mm，厚度为10 mm，如图2所示。
电故障模拟试验包括油中工频击穿试验和油纸沿面闪络试验，均采用针-板电极结构（如图3所示），所用电压源为上海培诚电子技术发展有限公司的Z1H1型工频电压，最高升压限为80 kV，副边关断限制电流为5 mA，升压速率为2 kV/s。油中工频击穿试验中选取击穿间距为5 mm，分别进行5、10、15、20次击穿后静置30 min，取油样进行气相色谱分析。油纸沿面闪络试验过程中分别在2、5、8、10次沿面闪络后静置30 min，取油样进行气相色谱分析。
2 结果及分析
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2.1 理化和电气性能
表1为十二烷基苯绝缘油的理化、电气性能测试结果。从表1可以看出，十二烷基苯绝缘油具有良好的介电性能，尤其是击穿电压很高。
2.2 电故障模拟试验结果
2.2.1 工频击穿试验结果
油中工频击穿试验是模拟电力设备中非油纸界面发生的放电故障，试验结果如图4所示。从图4可以看出，随着击穿次数的增加，各特征气体的浓度总体呈上升趋势，其中H2和C2H2浓度增长较为明显。计算油中总溶解可燃气体（TDCG，包含CH4、C2H6、C2H4、C2H2、H2、CO）含量和6种气体占比，结果如表2所示。从表2可以看出，虽然各特征气体含量均随着击穿次数增加而增加，但占比则较为稳定，其中H2和C2H2占比最大，分别为44.68%和35.66%，可视为该故障条件下的特征气体。
2.2.2 油纸工频沿面闪络试验结果
油纸工频沿面闪络试验是模拟电力设备中存在油纸界面时的放电故障，油纸工频沿面闪络试验结果如图5所示。从图5可以看出，随着油纸工频沿面闪络次数增加，各特征气体的浓度总体上呈上升趋势，H2浓度的增长速度最快，其次是C2H2。其中TDCG含量和6种气体占比如表3所示。从表3可以看出其变化规律与工频击穿试验结果类似，但C2H2和H2占比波动较大。
2.2.3 故障气体产气速率
由2.2.1节和2.2.2节可知，击穿次数的增加虽然会引起TDCG含量的增加，但各故障气体的占比维持在一定范围内，因此产气量与击穿次数近似呈线性关系。对油中溶解气体作线性分析，选取各气体溶解浓度为对象，对击穿次数作线性回归，拟合曲线斜率为单位击穿次数的产气量，结果如图6～7和表4～5所示。
由图6～7和表4～5可见，CO的拟合效果不理想，可能是由于取样过程中的误差所致，其他5种气体的拟合优度均接近于1，拟合效果较好；无论是工频击穿试验还是工频沿面闪络试验，C2H2和H2的产气率最大，且各故障气体在闪络试验中的产气率均高于击穿试验中的产气率。
3 DGA故障诊断方法对十二烷基苯绝缘油的适用性
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3.1 三比值法
三比值法是根据c(C2H2)/c(C2H4)、c(CH4)/c(H2)和c(C2H4)/c(C2H6)三组比值判断故障类型，常用的方法有IEC三比值法和国标三比值法[6-7]。本研究模拟电故障中使用的电压源限制电流为5 mA，故两类模拟电故障类型均属于低能放电。根据2.2.1和2.2.2两节中故障模拟结果得到的油中各溶解气体浓度，得到十二烷基苯绝缘油的三比值如表6所示。从表6可以看出，对于烷基苯绝缘油来说，两种判据均为低能放电，符合现实情况。而对比矿物油的判定结果，IEC判据较为准确，国标则判定为电弧放电，不够准确，这是因为矿物油DGA故障诊断方法是基于工程实际而形成的经验法则，实验室模拟情况无法与实际运行工况等同，因而存在误差。
3.2 杜威三角法
杜威三角法使用CH4、C2H4、C2H2 3种故障气体的比例关系来确定故障类型，如图8所示。图8中各故障区域标识含义如下：PD表示局部放电；DT表示电热故障混合；D1表示低能电故障；D2表示高能电故障；T1表示低温局部过热，T<300℃；T2表示中温局部过热，300℃<T<700℃；T3表示高温局部过热，T>700℃[8-10]。
从图8可知，3种气体占比分别为三角形的三边轴，各自的具体含义是如式（1）～（3）所示。
c(C2H2)=100XX+Y+Z
c(C2H4)=100YX+Y+Z
c(CH4)=100ZX+Y+Z
式（1）～（3）中：X为油中C2H2的溶解浓度，μL/L；Y为油中C2H4的溶解浓度，μL/L；Z为油中CH4的溶解浓度，μL/L。
依据式（1）～（3）计算在两类电故障类型下油中溶解故障气体CH4、C2H4、C2H2之间的比例关系后在杜威三角中标定，结果如图9所示。
由图9可知，对于矿物油，击穿和沿面闪络的结果均在D1区，即低能放电区，符合实际情况；对于烷基苯绝缘油，两类电故障模拟结果均判定在D2区，即高能放电区，与实际情况不符。
4 结论
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（1）击穿和沿面闪络电故障模拟试验结果显示，随着试验次数的增加，十二烷基苯绝缘油中各特征气体的浓度逐渐提高，H2和C2H2是其特征气体；工频沿面闪络试验中6种特征气体的产气率均高于工频击穿试验。
（2）国标三比值法对矿物油的判断与实际不符，IEC三比值法对烷基苯绝缘油和矿物油的判断结果均为低能放电，与实际情况相符，在本研究试验条件下，IEC三比值法适用。
（3）杜威三角法对烷基苯绝缘油的判断结果均为高能放电，不符合实际情况，不适用于烷基苯绝缘油。
基金
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  • 南方电网超高压输电公司科技项目(CGYKJXM20180112)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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夏俊峰,仲伟霞,李闯,等.500kV超高压充油海缆绝缘油混合替代研究[J].电线电缆,2014(1):1-5.
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2021年第54卷第9期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.09.009
  • 接收时间：2020-09-19
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2021-09-20
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  • 收稿日期：2020-09-19
  • 修回日期：2020-11-04
基金
南方电网超高压输电公司科技项目(CGYKJXM20180112)
作者信息
    1中国南方电网有限责任公司特高压输电公司检修试验中心，广东 广州 510405
    2西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室，陕西 西安 710049

通讯作者:

钟力生（1961-），男（汉族），四川隆昌人，教授，研究方向为高电压与绝缘。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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