Article(id=1241795754285666587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241795749348967189, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.08.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1602432000000, receivedDateStr=2020-10-12, revisedDate=1606665600000, revisedDateStr=2020-11-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773996779271, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1629388800000, pubDateStr=2021-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773996779271, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773996779271, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996779271, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241795749348967189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773996778094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773997690758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241799577397953390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241795749348967189, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241799577397953391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241795749348967189, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=102, endPage=108, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241795754734457125, articleId=1241795754285666587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Mechanism and Experimental Study on Discharge Ablation of High Voltage XLPE Cable Buffer Layer, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the ablation mechanism of buffer layer in cable, we analyzed the change of contact state between buffer layer and aluminum sheath according to the defect phenomenon, and then a circuit model was established to analyze the defect. According to the model, the induced voltage of insulation shielding layer and the main factors affecting the induced voltage were analyzed. A 15 m defective cable sample was intercepted from the breakdown accident line, and a partial discharge detection experimental platform was built with the defective cable sample. The results show that the induced voltage of insulation shielding layer is directly proportional to the number of defects, the resistivity of composite layer, and the thickness of white powder at the defect, and is inversely proportional to the contact area between buffer layer and aluminum sheath, and the discharge signals inside the defect cable have obvious characteristics of poor contact discharge.

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为研究电缆缓冲层放电烧蚀机理,根据缺陷现象分析缓冲层与铝护套接触状态的变化,建立用于分析缺陷的电路模型,根据模型分析绝缘屏蔽层上的感应电压及影响感应电压的主要因素。从击穿事故线路中截取长度为15 m的缺陷电缆样本,并用缺陷电缆样本搭建局部放电检测实验平台。结果表明:绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压与缺陷数量、组合层电阻率以及缺陷处白色粉末厚度呈正比,与缓冲层和铝护套之间的接触面积呈反比,且缺陷电缆内部的放电信号具有明显的接触不良类放电特征。

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刘洋(1982-),男(汉族),江西景德镇人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事输变电运维及检修的研究。

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刘洋(1982-),男(汉族),江西景德镇人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事输变电运维及检修的研究。

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刘洋(1982-),男(汉族),江西景德镇人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事输变电运维及检修的研究。

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检测项目标准要求检测结果
绝缘最小厚度/mm≥14.8516.10
绝缘偏心度/%≤12.002.00
绝缘抗张强度/MPa≥12.5023.75
绝缘断裂伸长率/%≥200.00557.46
负荷下最大伸长率/%≤175.0075.00
冷却后最大永久伸长率/%≤15.001.80
), ArticleFig(id=1245062205952078727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241795754285666587, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

理化检测结果

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检测项目标准要求检测结果
绝缘最小厚度/mm≥14.8516.10
绝缘偏心度/%≤12.002.00
绝缘抗张强度/MPa≥12.5023.75
绝缘断裂伸长率/%≥200.00557.46
负荷下最大伸长率/%≤175.0075.00
冷却后最大永久伸长率/%≤15.001.80
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导体温度/℃导体电压/kV电压测量结果/V
306426.62
606429.33
906431.66
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绝缘屏蔽层电压测量结果

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导体温度/℃导体电压/kV电压测量结果/V
306426.62
606429.33
906431.66
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高压XLPE电缆缓冲层放电烧蚀机理与实验研究
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刘洋 1 , 陈杰 1 , 胡丽斌 1 , 赖庆波 2 , 刘顺满 2 , 曹京荥 1 , 张伟 1
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2021,54(8): 102-108
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2021, 54(8): 102-108
高压XLPE电缆缓冲层放电烧蚀机理与实验研究
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刘洋1, 陈杰1, 胡丽斌1, 赖庆波2, 刘顺满2, 曹京荥1, 张伟1
作者信息
  • 1国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,江苏 南京 211100
  • 2华南理工大学 电力学院,广东 广州 510641
  • 刘洋(1982-),男(汉族),江西景德镇人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事输变电运维及检修的研究。

Mechanism and Experimental Study on Discharge Ablation of High Voltage XLPE Cable Buffer Layer
Yang LIU1, Jie CHEN1, Libin HU1, Qingbo LAI2, Shunman LIU2, Jingying CAO1, Wei ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211100, China
  • 2School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
出版时间: 2021-08-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.08.016
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为研究电缆缓冲层放电烧蚀机理,根据缺陷现象分析缓冲层与铝护套接触状态的变化,建立用于分析缺陷的电路模型,根据模型分析绝缘屏蔽层上的感应电压及影响感应电压的主要因素。从击穿事故线路中截取长度为15 m的缺陷电缆样本,并用缺陷电缆样本搭建局部放电检测实验平台。结果表明:绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压与缺陷数量、组合层电阻率以及缺陷处白色粉末厚度呈正比,与缓冲层和铝护套之间的接触面积呈反比,且缺陷电缆内部的放电信号具有明显的接触不良类放电特征。

XLPE电缆  /  缓冲层  /  烧蚀性放电缺陷  /  感应电压  /  局部放电

In order to study the ablation mechanism of buffer layer in cable, we analyzed the change of contact state between buffer layer and aluminum sheath according to the defect phenomenon, and then a circuit model was established to analyze the defect. According to the model, the induced voltage of insulation shielding layer and the main factors affecting the induced voltage were analyzed. A 15 m defective cable sample was intercepted from the breakdown accident line, and a partial discharge detection experimental platform was built with the defective cable sample. The results show that the induced voltage of insulation shielding layer is directly proportional to the number of defects, the resistivity of composite layer, and the thickness of white powder at the defect, and is inversely proportional to the contact area between buffer layer and aluminum sheath, and the discharge signals inside the defect cable have obvious characteristics of poor contact discharge.

XLPE cable  /  buffer layer  /  ablative discharge defects  /  induced voltage  /  partial discharge
刘洋, 陈杰, 胡丽斌, 赖庆波, 刘顺满, 曹京荥, 张伟. 高压XLPE电缆缓冲层放电烧蚀机理与实验研究. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (8) : 102 -108 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.08.016
Yang LIU, Jie CHEN, Libin HU, Qingbo LAI, Shunman LIU, Jingying CAO, Wei ZHANG. Mechanism and Experimental Study on Discharge Ablation of High Voltage XLPE Cable Buffer Layer[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (8) : 102 -108 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.08.016
由于交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆具有良好的电气性能[1-3],在电力系统中作为输电设备得到广泛应用。在高压XLPE电缆结构中,缓冲层能使绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套形成良好的电气连接,且具有阻水功能,其对于电缆的电气与绝缘性能具有重要作用[4-5]。但缓冲层缺陷常常出现在XLPE电缆内部,会损伤电缆绝缘[6],随着绝缘损伤程度的不断加深,最终可能导致电缆击穿事故的发生,进而严重影响电力系统的安全稳定运行。
近年来,多地出现因缓冲层烧蚀性放电缺陷(下文称缓冲层缺陷)导致的电缆击穿事故[7-9],但现有研究缺乏对此缺陷机理的统一认识。文献[10]通过建立高压电缆轴向沿面烧蚀数学模型,认为金属护套与绝缘屏蔽层脱离是烧蚀产生的主要原因。文献[11]通过有限元仿真分析,认为缓冲层电导率以及空气间隙是影响烧蚀现象的主要原因。文献[12]通过建立电缆本体局部放电模型,认为绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套的气隙是导致烧蚀的重要原因。文献[13]认为电缆进水吸潮、铝护套与绝缘屏蔽层之间的间隙较大或阻水带失去半导体性能等原因,导致烧蚀问题的出现。文献[14]认为缓冲层为非导电材料以及缓冲带材长期进水是造成烧蚀现象的主要原因。
由于缓冲层缺陷机理尚无定论,且暂无有效的检测手段对缺陷进行检测。若无法及时排除缺陷电缆,将为电缆系统的安全稳定运行留下隐患。
为了对缓冲层缺陷机理进行研究,本文根据电缆出现缓冲层缺陷后,缓冲层和铝护套接触状态的变化,建立缓冲层缺陷分析模型,利用模型理论分析绝缘屏蔽层中的感应电压,并分析影响绝缘屏蔽层中感应电压的主要因素。然后利用缺陷电缆搭建实验平台,对缺陷电缆内部的局部放电信号进行检测,验证缓冲层缺陷引发电缆内部局部放电的可能性。最后,根据理论分析以及实验结果,对缓冲层缺陷的烧蚀机理进行推断。
因缓冲层缺陷而导致击穿事故的高压XLPE电缆内部通常存在如下现象,如图1所示。
(1)在缓冲层与铝护套的接触面上,有白色粉末附着在缓冲层表面,且这种白色粉末一般集中出现在电缆某段连续区域中,如图1(a)所示。
(2)在铝护套与缓冲层接触面上,铝护套表面有白色粉末附着且存在腐蚀痕迹,如图1(b)所示。
(3)在部分存在白色粉末的区域,缓冲层和绝缘屏蔽层出现烧蚀痕迹;在白色粉末区域中,缓冲层与铝护套的接触面完全被白色粉末覆盖,如图1(c)所示。
(4)在部分存在烧蚀的区域,剥开绝缘屏蔽层后绝缘层存在损伤痕迹,如图1(d)所示。
当高压XLPE电缆处于水平敷设时,由于电缆结构参数以及自身重力的影响,电缆内部各层的分布通常如图2所示。
图2可以看出,铝护套与电缆缆芯并非同心圆结构,缓冲层与铝护套之间在电缆上部存在一定的空气间隙。在这种情况下,只有电缆底部区域的缓冲层与铝护套接触。缓冲层具有一定导电性[15],且底部区域的缓冲层与铝护套紧密接触,因此可以忽略缓冲层与铝护套之间的接触电阻[16],此时绝缘屏蔽层能与铝护套形成良好的电气连接,确保绝缘屏蔽层能有效接地。在这种情况下,绝缘屏蔽层不会在电缆运行过程中出现过高的感应电压,不会对电缆的正常运行造成不利影响。
当高压XLPE电缆出现缓冲层缺陷后,缓冲层与铝护套的接触状态会受到二者接触面上白色粉末的影响,此时缓冲层与铝护套之间的接触状态如图3所示,L表示铝护套螺距。
根据图3可将缓冲层与铝护套之间的接触点分为两类:第一类为接触良好点;第二类为接触不良点。对于第一类接触点而言,绝缘屏蔽层能与铝护套形成良好的电气连接,从而避免绝缘屏蔽层出现过高的感应电压。对于第二类接触点而言,因为缓冲层与铝护套的接触面上存在白色粉末(主要成分为Na2CO3[17],是一种绝缘物质),所以绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套之间的电气连接会被白色粉末破坏,导致绝缘屏蔽层不能有效接地,此时绝缘屏蔽层可能会出现感应电压从而对电缆运行造成不利影响。
为了研究在缓冲层缺陷情况下绝缘屏蔽层中的感应电压,进而分析绝缘屏蔽层和缓冲层出现烧蚀现象的原因,根据电缆结构和缓冲层相关现象建立缓冲层缺陷分析模型,在建立模型时,根据电缆特性,对模型进行如下简化:
(1)在正常情况下,电缆各层之间的接触均处于良好状态,因此在模型中忽略电缆各层之间的接触电阻。
(2)由于铜和铝的电阻率很小,将导体和铝护套的电阻忽略,认为二者各处电压均相等。
(3)由于导体屏蔽层具有一定导电性,且和导体紧密接触,可以认为导体屏蔽层与导体电压相同。
(4)由于绝缘屏蔽层与缓冲层均由半导电材料构成,且二者在电缆中属于相邻结构,具有直接的电气连接,在模型中可以将绝缘屏蔽层和缓冲层等效为一层,并称其为组合层。
基于上述简化,利用等效电容模拟白色粉末对电气连接的破坏效果,并以单个铝护套螺距长度的电缆为最小单元,进而建立缓冲层缺陷分析模型,如图4所示。
在模型中,A区域为最小单元的等效模型,B区域表示正常缓冲层等效支路(简称为正常支路),C区域表示缺陷缓冲层等效支路(简称为缺陷支路)。C1为绝缘层的等效电容,R1为组合层的轴向电阻,R2为组合层的径向电阻,C2为白色粉末的等效电容,U0为电缆的运行电压。
组合层可视为空心圆柱,则R1可由空心圆柱的电阻计算公式[18]求解,如式(1)所示。
R1=ρLπ(rod2-rid2)
R2=ρ2πLln rodrid
式(1)中:ρ为组合层的电阻率,单位为Ω·m;rod为空心圆柱的外径,单位为m;rid为空心圆柱的内径,单位为m;L为分压模型中最小单元的长度,单位为m。
绝缘层可视为一个圆柱形电容器,根据圆柱形电容器的计算公式,忽略边缘效应的影响[19]C1可由式(2)近似求解。
C1=2πε0ε1Lln (Db/Da)
式(2)中:ε1为XLPE的相对介电常数;ε0为绝对介电常数,其值为8.86×10-12 F/m;Da为导体屏蔽层外径,单位为m;Db为绝缘屏蔽层内径,单位为m。
在实际情况中,白色粉末附着在缓冲层与铝护套的接触面上,白色粉末的径向形状如图5所示。
因为在电缆内部,δ通常是远小于r1r2,可以用两个同轴圆柱体来等效此类间隙情况[20],即用(r1+δ)代替内圆半径或(r2-δ)代替外圆半径的方式来等效,忽略边缘效应的影响,白色粉末的等效电容C2可由式(3)近似求解。
C2=θε0εrW/ln[r2/(r1+δ)]      =θε0εrW/ln[(r2-δ)/r1]
式(3)中:θ为接触面对应的圆心角;εr为白色粉末的相对介电常数;ε0为绝对介电常数;W为接触面的宽度,单位为m;r1为缓冲层的外半径,单位为m;r2为铝护套的内半径,单位为m;δ为白色粉末厚度,单位为m。
在电缆的正常区域中,绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套能形成良好的电气连接,这能将绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压限制在较低水平,且这种限制电压的能力会影响缺陷区域中绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压,但限制电压的能力会随着距离的增加而减弱,所以缺陷区域中心处的感应电压将会高于两侧的感应电压。因此为了分析绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压最大值,对缺陷区域中心处的感应电压进行求解。
假设电缆内部存在(2n+1)处缓冲层缺陷,且各处缺陷程度相同,模型的电流分布如图6所示。
由于模型是关于缺陷中心处对称的(即I1=I),在求解缺陷区域中心处的感应电压时,只需考虑左侧网络的电流分布。
由于白色粉末的电气隔绝作用,实际流过缺陷处的电流很小(即I缺陷′<<I2),因此在计算缺陷区域中心处的感应电压时,忽略其余缺陷支路的分流作用,并忽略缺陷支路R2两端的电压,可得到如图7所示的简化模型。
由于R2上的压降很小,单段铝护套螺距长度电缆的电容电流如式(4)所示。
I=ωC1U0
根据基尔霍夫定律可得式(5)~(7)。
I=2I1+I
U0=IωC1+IωC2
IωC2=[(n+1)R1+R2]I1+(nR1+R2)I++(R1+R2)I+R2I
联立式(5)和(6)可得式(8)
I1=I2-I(C1+C2)2C2
联立式(7)和(8)可得式(9)
I=ωC2[(n+1)2R1+(2n+3)R2]I2+ω(C1+C2)[(n+1)R1+R2]
则缺陷区域中心处绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压Uj式(10)所示。
Uj=ωC1U0[(n+1)2R1+(2n+3)R2]2+ω(C1+C2)[(n+1)R1+R2]
随着电缆运行时间的增加,电缆内部的缓冲层缺陷数量可能会随着增多,缓冲层缺陷的数量决定了n的取值,在其他条件不变的情况下,将式(10)的分子分母同时除以(n+1)可得式(11)
Uj=ωC1U0[(n+1)R1+2n+3n+1R2]2n+1+ω(C1+C2)[R1+R2n+1]
n逐渐增大时,式(11)中的分母逐渐减小,分子逐渐增大。所以,当电缆内部缓冲层缺陷数量n增多时,绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压Uj会逐渐增大。
目前尚无标准对组合层电阻率进行明确规定,因此导致不同厂家生产的电缆组合层电阻率存在差异,在其他条件不变的情况下,将式(10)的分子分母同时除以ρ可得式(12)
Uj=ωC1U0[(n+1)2R1ρ+(2n+3)R2ρ]2ρ+ω(C1+C2)[(n+1)R1ρ+R2ρ]
当组合层电阻率ρ逐渐增大时,式(12)中的分子不变,分母逐渐减小。因此,当电缆组合层电阻率ρ增大时,绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压Uj会逐渐增大。
随着电缆运行时间的增加,缓冲层与铝护套接触面上的白色粉末厚度可能会逐渐增大,在其他条件不变的情况下,白色粉末厚度的增大会使得式(3)δ减小,即式(3)中的分子不变,分母逐渐增大,因此等效电容C2会减小。
当白色粉末等效电容C2减小时,式(10)中的分子不变,分母逐渐减小。所以当缓冲层与铝护套接触面上的白色粉末厚度增大时,绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压Uj会逐渐增大。
在电缆运行过程中,白色粉末只出现在缓冲层与铝护套的接触面上,即接触面的面积决定了白色粉末的最大面积。接触面的大小主要与电缆的结构参数有关。图8为缓冲层与铝护套接触面情况。从图8可以看出,缓冲层和铝护套之间空气间隙的大小会影响接触面对应的圆心角,且空气间隙越小,接触面对应的圆心角越大。
在其他条件不变的情况下,假设缓冲层的外半径增大,使得接触面对应的圆心角θ增大。在公式(3)中,当θr1增大时,式(3)中的分子随之增大,分母随之减小,即等效电容C2会增大。
当白色粉末等效电容C2增大时,式(10)中的分子不变,分母逐渐增大。所以当缓冲层与铝护套之间接触面积增大时,绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压Uj会逐渐减小。
当电缆内部出现缓冲层缺陷时,绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压与缺陷数量、组合层电阻率以及缺陷处白色粉末厚度呈正比,与缓冲层和铝护套之间的接触面积呈反比。因此在电缆设计过程中,可以通过减小缓冲层与绝缘屏蔽层的电阻率或者减小缓冲层与铝护套之间的空气间隙,来降低缓冲层缺陷造成的影响。
前文对出现缓冲层缺陷后绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压进行了分析,为了研究绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压大小,以及研究在感应电压的作用下电缆内部出现放电现象的可能性,从缓冲层缺陷导致击穿事故电缆线路中的击穿点附近截取长度为15 m的缺陷电缆,电缆型号为YJLW03 64/110,投运时间仅12年,远远未达到电缆的设计寿命,且在电缆取样过程中发现电缆内部存在明显缓冲层缺陷,即缓冲层与铝护套之间的接触面上存在白色粉末。在取样过程中对电缆主绝缘进行理化测试,测试样本取自距击穿点200 mm处的电缆主绝缘层,测试结果如表1所示。
表1检测结果表明,电缆样本符合GB/T 11017—2014《额定电压110 kV Um=126 kV交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆及其附件》标准要求,说明未发生击穿的主绝缘仍处于良好状态。
利用长度为15 m的缺陷电缆样本搭建局部放电检测实验平台,实验接线与布置如图9所示。首先,测量不同条件下缺陷电缆端部绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套之间的电压,测量结果如表2所示。
表2测量结果表明,当电缆发生缓冲层缺陷时,缺陷区域两端绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套之间出现了大于30 V的电压,且随着导体温度的升高,绝缘屏蔽层的电压也随着增大,这是因为导体温度升高,导致电缆膨胀,使得式(3)δ减小,而δ减小,绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压会增大。此外,根据分析可知,缺陷区域中心处绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压比缺陷区域两侧的感应电压高,因此缺陷中心处的绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套之间极有可能出现放电现象,对电缆绝缘造成损伤。
基于上述分析和测量结果,为了确定缺陷电缆内部的局部放电情况,根据GB/T 11017.1—2014对缺陷电缆进行局部放电信号检测实验。实验场地的背景噪声约为2.92 pC,在电缆导体上施加大小为1.5U0的电压,测量导体温度在30、60、90℃时缺陷电缆内部的局部放电信号,结果如图10所示。
图10检测结果表明,缺陷电缆内部存在明显的局部放电信号,且局部放电信号主要集中出现在工频正、负半周的上升沿,且随着导体温度的升高,放电次数增多,放电量逐渐增大。这是因为导体温度升高,导致电缆膨胀,一方面使得绝缘屏蔽层感应电压增大,另一方面会使绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套之间的空气间隙减小,在这种情况下电场分布会更加集中,导致放电的可能性增大。且温度越高,放电信号越集中出现在正、负半周的上升沿,且正、负半周对称。
在实际情况中,当XLPE电缆主绝缘存在气隙缺陷时,工频正、负半周的上升沿和下降沿均会出现放电信号,且在电压峰值处放电量最大[21],而上述局部放电信号特征与此情况存在明显差异,但其与接触不良类的放电特征相似[22]。因此电缆内部产生局部放电的原因为:绝缘屏蔽层因接触不良而出现电位提升现象,使得绝缘屏蔽层和铝护套之间电场强度增大。当场强超过空气的电气强度时,绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套之间出现放电现象,损伤电缆绝缘。
根据理论分析以及实验结果,XLPE电缆缓冲层烧蚀性放电缺陷的机理可推断为以下3点:
(1)XLPE电缆内部因外界水分的侵袭,导致缓冲层和铝护套之间的接触面上出现白色粉末,白色粉末会逐渐占据整个接触面。
(2)当白色粉末占据整个接触面后,绝缘屏蔽层和铝护套之间的电气连接会被破坏,此时绝缘屏蔽层上会出现感应电压,导致绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套之间的电场强度增大。由于缓冲层为蓬松结构,其内部存在空气,当电场强度超过空气的电气强度后,绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套之间会出放电现象,造成绝缘屏蔽层与缓冲层的烧蚀。
(3)当绝缘屏蔽层出现烧蚀后,受损区域的电场进一步畸变[23],使得放电现象可能性进一步加剧。放电现象持续对电缆绝缘造成损伤,最终导致电缆击穿事故的发生。
通过理论模型分析和局部放电检测实验,对高压XLPE电缆缓冲层缺陷机理进行研究,得出结论如下:
(1)当电缆内部存在缓冲层缺陷时,由于白色粉末破坏了绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套之间的电气连接,会使绝缘屏蔽层出现感应电压,会对电缆正常运行造成不利影响。
(2)绝缘屏蔽层的感应电压与缺陷数量、组合层电阻率以及缺陷处白色粉末厚度呈正比,与缓冲层和铝护套之间的接触面积呈反比。
(3)对缺陷电缆进行局部放电检测时,检测到与接触不良类的放电特性相似的放电信号,证明当绝缘屏蔽层与铝护套接触不良时,二者之间会发生放电。
  • 国网江苏省电力有限公司科技项目(J2019044)
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2021年第54卷第8期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.08.016
  • 接收时间:2020-10-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2021-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2020-10-12
  • 修回日期:2020-11-30
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国网江苏省电力有限公司科技项目(J2019044)
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    1国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,江苏 南京 211100
    2华南理工大学 电力学院,广东 广州 510641
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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