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Article(id=1241795750636618524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241795749348967189, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.08.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1609862400000, receivedDateStr=2021-01-06, revisedDate=1618156800000, revisedDateStr=2021-04-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773996778401, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1629388800000, pubDateStr=2021-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773996778401, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773996778401, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996778401, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241795749348967189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773996778094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773997690758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241799577397953390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241795749348967189, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241799577397953391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241795749348967189, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=31, endPage=33, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241795751089603362, articleId=1241795750636618524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Preparation and Properties of High-performance Pultruded Epoxy Resin-based Composites for Wind Turbine Blades, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A high toughness composite epoxy resin system was prepared with bisphenol A epoxy resin as matrix, G2019 epoxy resin as the modified resin and hexanediol diglycidyl ether as diluent. The high-performance epoxy resin-based glass fiber reinforced composites for wind turbine blades were fabricated via the pultrusion process, and their mechanical and electrical properties were studied. The results show that the obtained composite epoxy resin system can be used as a high toughness epoxy resin matrix. When the content of G2019 epoxy resin is 30 phr, the impact strength of the epoxy resin composite system casting reaches 25.1 kJ/m2, which is 151.5% higher than that of the pure bisphenol A epoxy resin, and the AC and DC electric strength reaches 48 kV/cm and 65 kV/cm, respectively. The pultruded epoxy resin-based glass fiber reinforced composites show outstanding comprehensive mechanical and electrical performances, which can meet the application requirements of wind power fields.

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以双酚A型环氧树脂为基体，G2019环氧树脂为改性树脂，己二醇二缩水甘油醚为稀释剂，复配出高韧性复合型环氧树脂体系，通过拉挤成型工艺制得风电叶片用高性能环氧树脂基玻璃纤维增强复合材料，并对其力学性能和电气性能进行研究。结果表明：所得复合型环氧树脂体系可作为高韧性环氧树脂基体，当G2019环氧树脂含量为30份时，环氧树脂复合体系浇铸体的冲击强度达到25.1 kJ/m2，与纯双酚A型环氧树脂浇铸体的冲击强度相比提升了151.5%，交流和直流电气强度分别达到48 kV/cm和65 kV/cm。拉挤成型环氧树脂基玻璃纤维增强复合材料具有优异的力学性能和电气性能，能够满足风电领域的应用需求。

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吴亚民（1963-），男（汉族），陕西西安人，工程师，主要从事先进复合材料的研发、生产与应用的研究。

马忠雷（1987-），男（汉族），陕西榆林人，副教授，主要从事先进聚合物基复合材料的制备、结构与性能的研究。

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吴亚民（1963-），男（汉族），陕西西安人，工程师，主要从事先进复合材料的研发、生产与应用的研究。

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吴亚民（1963-），男（汉族），陕西西安人，工程师，主要从事先进复合材料的研发、生产与应用的研究。

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马忠雷（1987-），男（汉族），陕西榆林人，副教授，主要从事先进聚合物基复合材料的制备、结构与性能的研究。

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马忠雷（1987-），男（汉族），陕西榆林人，副教授，主要从事先进聚合物基复合材料的制备、结构与性能的研究。

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figureFileBig=QdlLaHJe46vRSVZPq7XBEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245062200314933902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241795750636618524, language=CN, label=图2, caption=拉挤成型环氧树脂复合材料的表观形貌图与断面形貌图, figureFileSmall=GFxlRlx35bFBJIk4uPN4Aw==, figureFileBig=QdlLaHJe46vRSVZPq7XBEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245062200403014294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241795750636618524, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Viscosity and gel time of epoxy resin composite system, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能G2019环氧树脂/份
0102030
黏度(39.1℃)/(mPa·s)530522512475
凝胶时间/min2.32.62.82.9
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环氧树脂复合体系的黏度与凝胶时间

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性能G2019环氧树脂/份
0102030
黏度(39.1℃)/(mPa·s)530522512475
凝胶时间/min2.32.62.82.9
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性能G2019环氧树脂/份
0102030
冲击强度(无缺口)/(kJ/m2)9.9819.722.325.1
拉伸强度/MPa52.954.256.056.1
拉伸模量/GPa1.051.041.051.05
交流电气强度/(kV/cm)45485048
直流电气强度/(kV/cm)60656865
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环氧树脂复合体系浇铸体的力学性能与电气性能

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性能G2019环氧树脂/份
0102030
冲击强度(无缺口)/(kJ/m2)9.9819.722.325.1
拉伸强度/MPa52.954.256.056.1
拉伸模量/GPa1.051.041.051.05
交流电气强度/(kV/cm)45485048
直流电气强度/(kV/cm)60656865
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性能性能指标（G2019环氧树脂：30份）
拉伸强度/MPa837
拉伸模量/GPa48
压缩强度/MPa632
压缩模量/GPa13
弯曲强度/MPa815
弯曲模量/GPa20.1
交流电气强度/(kV/cm)43
直流电气强度/(kV/cm)62
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拉挤成型环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能与电气性能

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拉伸模量/GPa48
压缩强度/MPa632
压缩模量/GPa13
弯曲强度/MPa815
弯曲模量/GPa20.1
交流电气强度/(kV/cm)43
直流电气强度/(kV/cm)62
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风电用高性能拉挤成型环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能
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吴亚民 1 , 马忠雷 2
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021,54(8): 31-33
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021, 54(8): 31-33
风电用高性能拉挤成型环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能
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吴亚民1, 马忠雷2
作者信息
  • 1西安永兴科技发展有限公司，陕西 西安 710099
  • 2陕西科技大学，陕西 西安 710021

    • 吴亚民（1963-），男（汉族），陕西西安人，工程师，主要从事先进复合材料的研发、生产与应用的研究。

    马忠雷（1987-），男（汉族），陕西榆林人，副教授，主要从事先进聚合物基复合材料的制备、结构与性能的研究。

Preparation and Properties of High-performance Pultruded Epoxy Resin-based Composites for Wind Turbine Blades
Yamin WU1, Zhonglei MA2
Affiliations
  • 1Xi'an Yongxing Science Technology Development Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710099, China
  • 2Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
出版时间: 2021-08-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.08.005
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摘要
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以双酚A型环氧树脂为基体，G2019环氧树脂为改性树脂，己二醇二缩水甘油醚为稀释剂，复配出高韧性复合型环氧树脂体系，通过拉挤成型工艺制得风电叶片用高性能环氧树脂基玻璃纤维增强复合材料，并对其力学性能和电气性能进行研究。结果表明：所得复合型环氧树脂体系可作为高韧性环氧树脂基体，当G2019环氧树脂含量为30份时，环氧树脂复合体系浇铸体的冲击强度达到25.1 kJ/m2，与纯双酚A型环氧树脂浇铸体的冲击强度相比提升了151.5%，交流和直流电气强度分别达到48 kV/cm和65 kV/cm。拉挤成型环氧树脂基玻璃纤维增强复合材料具有优异的力学性能和电气性能，能够满足风电领域的应用需求。

环氧树脂  /  高韧性  /  力学性能  /  拉挤成型  /  风电

A high toughness composite epoxy resin system was prepared with bisphenol A epoxy resin as matrix, G2019 epoxy resin as the modified resin and hexanediol diglycidyl ether as diluent. The high-performance epoxy resin-based glass fiber reinforced composites for wind turbine blades were fabricated via the pultrusion process, and their mechanical and electrical properties were studied. The results show that the obtained composite epoxy resin system can be used as a high toughness epoxy resin matrix. When the content of G2019 epoxy resin is 30 phr, the impact strength of the epoxy resin composite system casting reaches 25.1 kJ/m2, which is 151.5% higher than that of the pure bisphenol A epoxy resin, and the AC and DC electric strength reaches 48 kV/cm and 65 kV/cm, respectively. The pultruded epoxy resin-based glass fiber reinforced composites show outstanding comprehensive mechanical and electrical performances, which can meet the application requirements of wind power fields.

epoxy resin  /  high toughness  /  mechanical properties  /  pultrusion  /  wind power
吴亚民, 马忠雷. 风电用高性能拉挤成型环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (8) : 31 -33 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.08.005
Yamin WU, Zhonglei MA. Preparation and Properties of High-performance Pultruded Epoxy Resin-based Composites for Wind Turbine Blades[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (8) : 31 -33 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.08.005
正文
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0 引言
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随着世界能源问题日益突出，风力发电因其储量巨大、资源可再生和市场广泛而成为一种具有商业化前景的发电方式[1]。风力发电叶片作为风电机组的核心部件之一，其大型化和高功率化的发展对复合材料的成型工艺、力学性能和电气性能提出了更高的要求[2-4]。环氧树脂基纤维增强复合材料是风力发电叶片与叶根的主要材料，但存在材料脆性大、适用期短、渗透性差和固化温度高等问题，从而增大成型工艺难度，造成资源浪费和制造成本的增加，严重制约了我国风电行业的发展[5-7]。因此，亟需研制一种具有成型工艺性好、适用期长、浸透性好、固化物机械强度高且韧性好等特点的环氧树脂复合材料，以满足大型高功率风电叶片与叶根的应用需求。
本研究以双酚A型环氧树脂为基体、G2019环氧树脂为改性树脂，己二醇二缩水甘油醚为稀释剂，复配高性能复合型环氧树脂体系，以甲基四氢苯酐为固化剂，2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑（2,4-EMI）为促进剂，复配出高韧性复合型环氧树脂体系，并采用拉挤成型工艺制得高性能环氧树脂基玻璃纤维增强复合材料。深入研究配方组成对环氧树脂浇铸体以及玻璃纤维增强复合材料冲击强度、拉伸强度与模量、交流和直流击穿耐压等的影响，从而获得能够满足风电领域应用要求的高性能拉挤成型环氧树脂复合体系及其玻璃纤维增强复合材料。
1 实验
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1.1 原材料
双酚A型环氧树脂，蓝星化工新材料股份有限公司无锡树脂厂；G2019环氧树脂，自制；己二醇二缩水甘油醚，自制；甲基四氢苯酐，无锡三友化工有限公司；2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑（2,4-EMI），上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司；玻璃纤维，重庆国际复合材料股份有限公司。
1.2 环氧树脂浇铸体的制备
将双酚A型环氧树脂、G2019环氧树脂、甲基四氢苯酐、2,4-EMI按质量比100∶（10～30）∶85∶2均匀混合；在50℃下真空脱泡后浇铸到已预热至50℃的模具中，再次抽真空脱泡后按照固化工艺80℃/1 h+150℃/1 h+165℃/1 h进行固化，脱模后切割成标准试件进行性能测试。
1.3 拉挤成型环氧树脂复合材料的制备
将双酚A型环氧树脂、G2019环氧树脂、甲基四氢苯酐、2,4-EMI按质量比100∶30∶85∶2均匀混合，真空脱泡后注入拉挤成型设备的浸胶槽，玻璃纤维依次通过浸胶槽、预成型模和成型模具制备拉挤成型环氧树脂复合材料[8]。图1为拉挤工艺流程图，拉挤成型模具包括预热区（A）、凝胶区（B）和固化区（C）3个区域，采用三段梯度加热方式，温度控制分别为80、150、165℃，拉挤速度为15 cm/min，玻璃纤维体积分数为60%。
1.4 分析与测试
采用数码相机观察环氧树脂复合材料的表观形貌；采用XWW-20B型万能材料试验机（承德金建检测仪器有限公司）分别按ISO 527-1-2012、ISO 178-2010和GB/T 32377—2015测试环氧树脂浇铸体与复合材料的拉伸性能、弯曲性能和冲击性能；按照IEC 60243-1-2013测试环氧树脂复合材料的电气性能。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 环氧树脂复合体系的黏度与凝胶时间
普通的双酚A型环氧树脂为透明的流动黏稠液体，黏度大、渗透性差。表1为环氧树脂复合体系的性能比较。从表1可知，普通双酚A型环氧树脂的黏度为530 mPa·s，黏度较大，难以满足风电叶片与叶根对树脂基体的工艺要求。引入低黏度G2019环氧树脂后，复合体系的黏度降低，当G2019环氧树脂含量为30份时，复合体系的黏度为475 mPa·s。此外，环氧树脂复合体系的凝胶时间为2.9 min，比普通双酚A型环氧树脂增加了0.6 min，表明引入低黏度G2019环氧树脂能够有效降低环氧树脂复合体系的黏度，提高对纤维的渗透性，延长适用期，从而改善复合材料的成型工艺性能。
2.2 环氧树脂复合体系浇铸体的力学性能与电气性能
表2为普通双酚A型环氧树脂及环氧树脂复合体系浇铸体的力学性能与电气性能。从表2可以看出，引入G2019环氧树脂使浇铸体的冲击强度显著提高。当G2019环氧树脂含量为30份时，环氧树脂复合体系的冲击强度达到25.1 kJ/m2，较普通双酚A型环氧树脂浇铸体的冲击强度提高了151.5%。其主要原因为引入G2019环氧树脂后，固化浇铸体中形成双交联互穿网络，在受到外施冲击载荷时能够吸收更多的冲击能量。随着G2019环氧树脂含量的增大，环氧树脂复合体系浇铸体的冲击强度和拉伸强度均逐渐增大。此外，环氧树脂复合体系浇铸体具有优异的交流和直流电气强度，适用于风力发电叶片与叶根用复合材料的制备。
2.3 拉挤成型环氧树脂复合材料的性能与应用
风力发电叶片与叶根是以环氧树脂为基体材料、玻璃纤维为增强材料，分别采用真空灌注和拉挤工艺制成。图2为通过拉挤成型制得用作风电叶片预埋楔形条的环氧树脂基玻璃纤维增强复合材料的表观形貌图与断面形貌图，其中G2019环氧树脂的含量为30份，可以发现所得复合材料具有良好的表观形貌。表3为拉挤成型环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能与电气性能。从表3可以看出，通过拉挤成型制得的环氧树脂复合材料具有优异的力学性能与电气性能。因此，该拉挤成型环氧树脂复合材料可以使风电叶片和叶根经受暴风等极端恶劣条件和随机负荷的考验，其优异的力学性能和电气性能够满足风电领域的应用需求。
3 结论
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（1）将双酚A型环氧树脂、G2019环氧树脂、甲基四氢苯酐、2,4-EMI按质量比100∶（10～30）∶85∶2制备的复合型环氧树脂体系是一种高韧性环氧树脂基体，当G2019环氧树脂含量为30份时，环氧树脂复合体系浇铸体的冲击强度达到25.1 kJ/m2，与纯双酚A型环氧树脂浇铸体的冲击强度相比提升了151.5%。
（2）所得拉挤成型环氧树脂基玻璃纤维增强复合材料具有优异的力学性能和电气性能，拉伸强度与拉伸模量分别为837 MPa和48 GPa，压缩强度与压缩模量分别为632 MPa和13 GPa，弯曲强度与弯曲模量分别为815 MPa和20.1 GPa，交流与直流电气强度分别为43 kV/cm和62 kV/cm，能够满足风电领域的应用需求。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51903145)
文献
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2021年第54卷第8期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.08.005
  • 接收时间：2021-01-06
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2021-08-20
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  • 收稿日期：2021-01-06
  • 修回日期：2021-04-12
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51903145)
作者信息
    1西安永兴科技发展有限公司，陕西 西安 710099
    2陕西科技大学，陕西 西安 710021
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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