Article(id=1241765091738190597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241765084528181978, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.07.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1599580800000, receivedDateStr=2020-09-09, revisedDate=1604937600000, revisedDateStr=2020-11-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773989468750, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1626710400000, pubDateStr=2021-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773989468750, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773989468750, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773989468750, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241765084528181978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='120', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773989467027, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773989590112, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241765600834421400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241765084528181978, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241765600834421401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241765084528181978, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=43, endPage=46, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241765092669326102, articleId=1241765091738190597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Research on Modification of Meta-aramid Resin on High Temperature Resistant Insulating Varnish for Traction Motor, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A high temperature resistant insulating varnish for traction motors was prepared by modifying polyester-imide insulating varnish with meta-aramid resin. The effects of meta-aramid resin on the adhesion, electrical properties, flame retardancy, and heat resistance of the insulating coating were studied. The results show that when the content of meta-aramid resin is 15%, the electrical strength, the adhesion, the oxygen index of the insulating coating reaches 65 kV/mm, 12.9 MPa, 28.7%, respectively. After high temperature test at 220℃ for 500 h, the paint film shows slight discoloration without cracking and peeling off, which can meet the requirements of the traction motors.

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采用间位芳纶树脂对聚酯亚胺绝缘漆进行改性,制得了一种牵引电机用耐高温绝缘漆。研究了间位芳纶树脂对绝缘涂层附着力、电气性能、阻燃性能和耐热性能的影响。结果表明:当间位芳纶树脂用量为15%时,绝缘涂层的电气强度达65 kV/mm,附着力达12.9 MPa,氧指数可达28.7%,在220℃下经500 h耐高温试验后漆膜无开裂脱落,仅轻微变色,可满足牵引电机的使用要求。

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刘含茂(1977-),男(汉族),重庆人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为高分子及其复合材料。

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刘含茂(1977-),男(汉族),重庆人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为高分子及其复合材料。

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刘含茂(1977-),男(汉族),重庆人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为高分子及其复合材料。

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样品

附着力

/MPa

耐电弧

时间/s

电气强度

/(kV/mm)

耐热性

(220℃/500 h)

未改性16.76938漆膜变色开裂
芳纶树脂改性12.912865漆膜轻微变色
), ArticleFig(id=1245055681141784970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241765091738190597, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

芳纶树脂对绝缘漆性能的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品

附着力

/MPa

耐电弧

时间/s

电气强度

/(kV/mm)

耐热性

(220℃/500 h)

未改性16.76938漆膜变色开裂
芳纶树脂改性12.912865漆膜轻微变色
), ArticleFig(id=1245055681213088143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241765091738190597, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Thermal decomposition data of insulating varnish and aramid resin, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Td/℃Tmax/℃220℃残留率/%
未改性18926795.8
芳纶树脂改性25335299.2
芳纶树脂420456
), ArticleFig(id=1245055681334722967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241765091738190597, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

绝缘漆和芳纶树脂热分解数据

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样品Td/℃Tmax/℃220℃残留率/%
未改性18926795.8
芳纶树脂改性25335299.2
芳纶树脂420456
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间位芳纶树脂对牵引电机用耐高温绝缘漆的改性研究
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刘含茂 , 曾凡辉 , 贾金荣 , 吕保杰
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021,54(7): 43-46
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021, 54(7): 43-46
间位芳纶树脂对牵引电机用耐高温绝缘漆的改性研究
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刘含茂, 曾凡辉, 贾金荣, 吕保杰
作者信息
  • 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司,湖南 株洲 412007
  • 刘含茂(1977-),男(汉族),重庆人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为高分子及其复合材料。

Research on Modification of Meta-aramid Resin on High Temperature Resistant Insulating Varnish for Traction Motor
Hanmao LIU, Fanhui ZENG, Jinrong JIA, Baojie LÜ
Affiliations
  • Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412007, China
出版时间: 2021-07-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.07.006
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采用间位芳纶树脂对聚酯亚胺绝缘漆进行改性,制得了一种牵引电机用耐高温绝缘漆。研究了间位芳纶树脂对绝缘涂层附着力、电气性能、阻燃性能和耐热性能的影响。结果表明:当间位芳纶树脂用量为15%时,绝缘涂层的电气强度达65 kV/mm,附着力达12.9 MPa,氧指数可达28.7%,在220℃下经500 h耐高温试验后漆膜无开裂脱落,仅轻微变色,可满足牵引电机的使用要求。

牵引电机  /  芳纶树脂  /  阻燃性能  /  耐高温绝缘漆

A high temperature resistant insulating varnish for traction motors was prepared by modifying polyester-imide insulating varnish with meta-aramid resin. The effects of meta-aramid resin on the adhesion, electrical properties, flame retardancy, and heat resistance of the insulating coating were studied. The results show that when the content of meta-aramid resin is 15%, the electrical strength, the adhesion, the oxygen index of the insulating coating reaches 65 kV/mm, 12.9 MPa, 28.7%, respectively. After high temperature test at 220℃ for 500 h, the paint film shows slight discoloration without cracking and peeling off, which can meet the requirements of the traction motors.

traction motor  /  meta-aramid resin  /  flame retardancy  /  high temperature resistant insulating varnish
刘含茂, 曾凡辉, 贾金荣, 吕保杰. 间位芳纶树脂对牵引电机用耐高温绝缘漆的改性研究. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (7) : 43 -46 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.07.006
Hanmao LIU, Fanhui ZENG, Jinrong JIA, Baojie LÜ. Research on Modification of Meta-aramid Resin on High Temperature Resistant Insulating Varnish for Traction Motor[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (7) : 43 -46 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.07.006
牵引电机作为铁路车辆编组的驱动单元,其性能直接影响整个车辆运行的安全性与经济性。目前我国高速铁路建设正处于快速发展阶段,高铁和动车组向更高速度发展,对牵引电机的功率和可靠性要求越来越高。大工作电流会使电机的损耗增加,造成牵引电机各部件工作温度升高,有时甚至达到200℃以上,这对牵引电机的绝缘系统提出了越来越严格的性能要求。牵引电机绝缘漆作为牵引电机绝缘系统重要的组成部分,需要具有良好的耐高温性、阻燃性以及优良的电气绝缘性能[1-3]
目前传统的表面绝缘漆基料树脂一般为环氧树脂、有机硅树脂、环氧酸酐、聚酯亚胺树脂等,这一类绝缘漆具有良好的绝缘性能,广泛应用于电气绝缘的各个领域[4]。但传统的表面绝缘磁漆耐热性能一般,只适合做B级(耐热130℃)、F级(耐热155℃)、H级(耐热180℃)表面绝缘漆,而牵引电机由于工作特殊性要求,需要表面绝缘漆长期耐热200℃以上,达到C级绝缘材料的要求。
芳纶材料是一类性能优异的新型绝缘材料,具有良好的阻燃性、热稳定性以及电气绝缘性能[5]。本研究通过采用间位芳纶树脂对聚酯亚胺树脂基表面绝缘漆进行改性,目的在于提高牵引电机用表面绝缘漆的耐热性、阻燃性,满足铁路车辆安全行驶的需要。
聚酯亚胺树脂,工业级,株洲时代电气绝缘有限责任公司;间位芳纶树脂、混合溶剂,工业级,株洲时代新材科技股份有限公司;氧化铁红,工业级,湖南三环颜料公司;云母粉,工业级,常州巨龙公司;复合磷酸锌,工业级,湘潭双马世纪公司;分散剂,化学纯,德国毕克公司;防沉剂,工业级,德国海明斯公司;MDI固化剂,工业级,烟台万华公司。
按配方量称取聚酯亚胺树脂、分散剂和混合溶剂,混合分散均匀,再加入填料和助剂,高速分散20 min,研磨至细度≤40 μm;继续加入间位芳纶树脂制得漆料组分,之后加入适量的混合溶剂调整漆料组分的黏度至100~140 s(涂4杯)。将制得的漆料组分与固化剂按6∶1的质量比配制成表面绝缘漆。
绝缘漆按要求喷涂于试板上,按GB/T 1981.2—2009测试电气绝缘性能,按GB/T 2406.2—2009测试阻燃性能,在220℃下进行500 h绝缘漆耐热性能测试,按GB/T 5210—2006测试漆膜附着力。
间位芳纶具有良好的阻燃性,极限氧指数大于28。在火焰中不延燃、不助燃、不熔滴、不发烟,离开火焰具有自熄性[6]图1为间位芳纶树脂用量对绝缘漆阻燃性能和附着力的影响。从图1可以看出,随着间位芳纶树脂用量的增大,绝缘漆的氧指数呈上升趋势,即绝缘漆的阻燃性变好。主要是因为间位芳纶分子结构中的酰胺基团以间位方式与亚苯环基相连,亚苯环基的两面角从酰胺平面测量为300°,这是分子内相互作用下最稳定的结构,同时它的分子结构中氢键作用强烈,这些分子结构特点赋予其更好的耐热性和阻燃性能,故间位芳纶树脂改性绝缘漆具有优异的阻燃性能[7]。但随着间位芳纶树脂用量的进一步增加,漆膜的附着力会有一定程度的下降,当间位芳纶树脂用量为15%时,聚酯亚胺绝缘漆具有良好的阻燃性能和附着力,此时氧指数可达28.7%,附着力达12.9 MPa。
间位芳纶具有优异的电气绝缘性能,已广泛用于电气绝缘领域。间位芳纶树脂对绝缘漆性能影响如表1所示,其加入量为15%。由表1可以看出,绝缘漆经过间位芳纶树脂改性后,耐热性能和绝缘性能得到了大幅提高,但附着力稍有下降。主要是因为间位芳纶树脂中可提供附着力的活性基团少,且间位芳纶树脂的分子量大,不能充分湿润底材表面,所以附着力有一定程度的下降,但仍在技术要求范围内。
在间位芳纶分子结构中,氢键在两个平面内排列成三维结构,这种较强的氢键作用使其化学结构异常稳定。间位芳纶是排列规整的锯齿型大分子,突出的特点是耐高温性,玻璃化转变温度为270℃,同时,间位芳纶的介电常数较低[6]。在绝缘漆中加入间位芳纶树脂进行改性后,绝缘性能和耐热性能得到了大幅度提高。故本研究确定选择间位芳纶树脂作为绝缘漆的改性树脂。
聚酯亚胺绝缘漆在220℃下经500 h高温试验后的漆膜外观变化结果如图2所示。
图2可以看出,未改性的绝缘漆在220℃下经500 h高温试验后,漆膜变色严重,且漆膜有开裂脱落现象。经过15%间位芳纶树脂改性的耐高温绝缘漆在220℃下经500 h高温试验后表面漆膜完整,漆膜仅轻微变色,无开裂脱落现象。
对耐热试验前后的漆膜进行扫描电镜(SEM)分析,放大1 000倍的表面形态如图34所示。
图3(a)、图4(a)可以看出,耐高温试验前,未改性绝缘漆的漆膜表面呈多孔状,颜料颗粒间接触排列紧密,而间位芳纶树脂改性的绝缘漆耐高温试验前漆膜表面致密,颜料颗粒间接触排列紧密,说明间位芳纶树脂加入后填充了漆膜孔隙,提高了漆膜致密性,有助于漆膜耐热性能、电气性能的提升。耐高温试验后,未改性的绝缘漆漆膜表面呈疏松多孔状,颜料颗粒凸出,主要是因为聚酯亚胺树脂的分子链大部分已被220℃的高温所破坏,引起表面粉化所致。而间位芳纶树脂改性的绝缘漆表面经过220℃高温烘烤后仅有很轻微的变化,表面致密性有一定程度的下降。通过对比可知,经间位芳纶树脂改性后,聚酯亚胺绝缘漆的耐热性能得到了较大提升,达到了耐高温绝缘漆的技术要求。
未改性绝缘漆和经过15%间位芳纶树脂改性后的热分解数据如表2所示,热失重曲线如图5所示。
表2可以看出,加入15%间位芳纶树脂改性后的聚酯亚胺绝缘漆比未改性的聚酯亚胺绝缘漆的起始分解温度(Td)、最大失重速率对应温度(Tmax)以及220℃时材料热分解残留率均有不同程度的提高。另外可以观察到,聚酯亚胺绝缘漆改性后的曲线相比改性前的曲线斜率也有不同程度的降低,这意味着加入间位芳纶树脂进行改性使绝缘漆的热分解过程减缓了。从宏观上来说,这主要是由于间位芳纶树脂的耐高温性能优于聚酯亚胺树脂。从图5芳纶树脂热失重曲线可以看出,在50~100℃为芳纶树脂上吸附的水分分解。芳纶树脂的起始分解温度高达420℃,最大失重速率对应温度高达456℃,远高于未改性绝缘漆,因此经间位芳纶树脂改性后绝缘漆的热稳定性得到提高;从微观上来说,加入的间位芳纶树脂与聚酯亚胺基体树脂之间产生物理作用,两种高分子互相缠绕,形成互穿网络(IPN)结构,使分子间相互作用力加强并增加了整体结构的稳定性,这些都提高了分子链断裂所需的能量[8],从而提高了改性绝缘漆体系的热稳定性。
当选用间位芳纶树脂对聚酯亚胺绝缘漆进行改性,且加入量为15%时,绝缘涂层的电气强度达65 kV/mm,附着力达12.9 MPa;绝缘漆的阻燃和耐热性能得到了大幅度提高,氧指数可达28.7%,在220 ℃下经500 h高温试验后漆膜无开裂脱落,仅轻微变色,同时热稳定性也得到了一定程度的提高,可满足牵引电机的使用要求。
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.07.006
  • 接收时间:2020-09-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2021-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-09
  • 修回日期:2020-11-10
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    株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司,湖南 株洲 412007
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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