Article(id=1222495716426113704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1222495713427186326, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.04.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1594051200000, receivedDateStr=2020-07-07, revisedDate=1596384000000, revisedDateStr=2020-08-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769395291667, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1618848000000, pubDateStr=2021-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769395291667, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769395291667, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1769395291667, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1222495713427186326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='108', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769395290953, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1770971792201, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229108038972534891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1222495713427186326, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229108038972534892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1222495713427186326, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=21, endPage=25, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222495716765852339, articleId=1222495716426113704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Self-fusion Effect of Boron Modified Silicone Rubber Self-adhesive Tape, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to discover the bonding mechanism of self-adhesive silicone rubber tape, we prepared a self-adhesive silicone rubber tape through the reaction of boric acid and methyl-vinyl silicone rubber. The variation of bonding force at interface of self-adhesive silicone rubber tape with temperature and soaking time was traced by tensile tests, and the self-fusion effect was verified. A physical model of self-fusion effect was proposed with the help of infrared spectrum test. The results show that when the content of boric acid in the reaction system is 2.5%, the self-adhesive tape has the highest initial bonding force. When silicone rubber has the molecular structure of short chain boron-containing siloxanes imbedded in long chain siloxane network, the well contacted silicone rubber interfaces can bond through complexation between boron and oxygen atoms in the boron-containing siloxanes, and the bonding force is stronger than the cohesion among polysiloxane molecules. The complexation can not complete instantly, and the higher the temperature of interface, the shorter the time of complexation. Under 60℃, the complexation strength can reach the optimum value within 12 hours.

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为探究硅橡胶自粘带的自融合粘接机理,通过硼酸与一种甲基乙烯基硅橡胶反应,制备了可自融合粘接的硅橡胶自粘带。通过拉伸试验追踪硅橡胶自粘带界面间的粘接力随温度和保温时间的变化,对自融合效应进行了验证;借助红外光谱测试,提出了自融合效应的物理模型。结果表明:反应体系中的硼酸含量为2.5%时,制得的自粘带具有最大的初粘力。当硅橡胶具备“硅氧烷长链网络中穿插含硼硅氧烷短链段”的分子结构时,良好接触的两层硅橡胶界面能通过硼原子与氧原子的络合形成强于聚硅氧烷分子间内聚力的粘接。络合不能瞬间完成,界面所处的温度越高,络合过程所需的时间越短。在60℃下,可在12 h内达到最佳络合强度。

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胡道雄(1977-),男(汉族),湖北荆州人,工程师,主要从事新型绝缘材料的研究。

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胡道雄(1977-),男(汉族),湖北荆州人,工程师,主要从事新型绝缘材料的研究。

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胡道雄(1977-),男(汉族),湖北荆州人,工程师,主要从事新型绝缘材料的研究。

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figureFileSmall=YKUPQc6loAbN9MD6TDmGxw==, figureFileBig=KyAyRiSny4/OLmBXo4mjxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243119745030013152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495716426113704, language=CN, label=图5, caption=硼氧络合方式, figureFileSmall=YKUPQc6loAbN9MD6TDmGxw==, figureFileBig=KyAyRiSny4/OLmBXo4mjxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243119745134870756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495716426113704, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Relation between initial bonding force and boric acid content, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
硼酸含量/%0.51.01.52.02.53.03.5
初粘力/N1.001.902.203.505.054.803.80
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硼酸含量与初粘力的关系

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硼酸含量/%0.51.01.52.02.53.03.5
初粘力/N1.001.902.203.505.054.803.80
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温度

/℃

6 h12 h24 h48 h96 h

拉伸力

/N

剥离

/断裂

拉伸力/N

剥离

/断裂

拉伸力

/N

剥离

/断裂

拉伸力

/N

剥离

/断裂

拉伸力

/N

剥离

/断裂

2314.12剥离14.89剥离17.04剥离18.99剥离24.80断裂
6019.56剥离24.58断裂
12020.07断裂24.52断裂
15025.04断裂23.07断裂
18022.48断裂23.69断裂
), ArticleFig(id=1243119745436860658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495716426113704, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同温度和时间条件下试样的拉伸测试结果

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温度

/℃

6 h12 h24 h48 h96 h

拉伸力

/N

剥离

/断裂

拉伸力/N

剥离

/断裂

拉伸力

/N

剥离

/断裂

拉伸力

/N

剥离

/断裂

拉伸力

/N

剥离

/断裂

2314.12剥离14.89剥离17.04剥离18.99剥离24.80断裂
6019.56剥离24.58断裂
12020.07断裂24.52断裂
15025.04断裂23.07断裂
18022.48断裂23.69断裂
), ArticleFig(id=1243119745583661305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495716426113704, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Characteristic peaks of vulcanized methyl vinyl silicone rubber A, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
波数/(cm-1)峰归属
699.67Si-O键弯曲震动
799.06CH3基的平面内弯曲震动和Si-C键伸缩震动
864.82烯烃上C-H平面外弯曲振动
1 019.89Si-C的伸缩振动
1 088.05Si-O伸缩振动
1 260.17与Si直接相连的CH3基的对称变形振动
1 412.44与Si直接相连的CH3基的反对称变形振动
1 447.03-CH2-的弯曲振动
2 903.97CH3基的平面内C-H伸缩振动
2 963.14CH3基的平面内C-H伸缩振动
), ArticleFig(id=1243119745667547388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495716426113704, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

甲基乙烯基硅橡胶A硫化产物的特征峰

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波数/(cm-1)峰归属
699.67Si-O键弯曲震动
799.06CH3基的平面内弯曲震动和Si-C键伸缩震动
864.82烯烃上C-H平面外弯曲振动
1 019.89Si-C的伸缩振动
1 088.05Si-O伸缩振动
1 260.17与Si直接相连的CH3基的对称变形振动
1 412.44与Si直接相连的CH3基的反对称变形振动
1 447.03-CH2-的弯曲振动
2 903.97CH3基的平面内C-H伸缩振动
2 963.14CH3基的平面内C-H伸缩振动
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硼改性硅橡胶自粘带的自融合效应
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胡道雄 , 胡雷 , 张飞 , 虞希高
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021,54(4): 21-25
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021, 54(4): 21-25
硼改性硅橡胶自粘带的自融合效应
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胡道雄, 胡雷, 张飞, 虞希高
作者信息
  • 浙江博菲电气股份有限公司,浙江 嘉兴 314400
  • 胡道雄(1977-),男(汉族),湖北荆州人,工程师,主要从事新型绝缘材料的研究。

Self-fusion Effect of Boron Modified Silicone Rubber Self-adhesive Tape
Daoxiong HU, Lei HU, Fei ZHANG, Xigao YU
Affiliations
  • Zhejiang Bofay Electric Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314400, China
出版时间: 2021-04-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.04.004
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为探究硅橡胶自粘带的自融合粘接机理,通过硼酸与一种甲基乙烯基硅橡胶反应,制备了可自融合粘接的硅橡胶自粘带。通过拉伸试验追踪硅橡胶自粘带界面间的粘接力随温度和保温时间的变化,对自融合效应进行了验证;借助红外光谱测试,提出了自融合效应的物理模型。结果表明:反应体系中的硼酸含量为2.5%时,制得的自粘带具有最大的初粘力。当硅橡胶具备“硅氧烷长链网络中穿插含硼硅氧烷短链段”的分子结构时,良好接触的两层硅橡胶界面能通过硼原子与氧原子的络合形成强于聚硅氧烷分子间内聚力的粘接。络合不能瞬间完成,界面所处的温度越高,络合过程所需的时间越短。在60℃下,可在12 h内达到最佳络合强度。

硅橡胶自粘带  /  自融合效应  /  聚硅氧烷  /  含硼硅氧烷  /  络合

In order to discover the bonding mechanism of self-adhesive silicone rubber tape, we prepared a self-adhesive silicone rubber tape through the reaction of boric acid and methyl-vinyl silicone rubber. The variation of bonding force at interface of self-adhesive silicone rubber tape with temperature and soaking time was traced by tensile tests, and the self-fusion effect was verified. A physical model of self-fusion effect was proposed with the help of infrared spectrum test. The results show that when the content of boric acid in the reaction system is 2.5%, the self-adhesive tape has the highest initial bonding force. When silicone rubber has the molecular structure of short chain boron-containing siloxanes imbedded in long chain siloxane network, the well contacted silicone rubber interfaces can bond through complexation between boron and oxygen atoms in the boron-containing siloxanes, and the bonding force is stronger than the cohesion among polysiloxane molecules. The complexation can not complete instantly, and the higher the temperature of interface, the shorter the time of complexation. Under 60℃, the complexation strength can reach the optimum value within 12 hours.

self-adhesive silicone rubber tape  /  self-fusion effect  /  polysiloxane  /  boron-contained siloxane  /  complexation
胡道雄, 胡雷, 张飞, 虞希高. 硼改性硅橡胶自粘带的自融合效应. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (4) : 21 -25 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.04.004
Daoxiong HU, Lei HU, Fei ZHANG, Xigao YU. Self-fusion Effect of Boron Modified Silicone Rubber Self-adhesive Tape[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (4) : 21 -25 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.04.004
硼原子的电负性强,使其在形成化合键时具备很强的共价键倾向,所以硼化物的种类很丰富,包括过渡金属硼化物、非金属硼化物、硼烷、硼杂环等[1-2]。含硼高分子材料的耐热、耐辐射、机械强度、韧性和透波等性能较一般高分子材料有显著的提高[3]。邱军等[4]用苯酚和硼酸反应生成硼酸苯酯,再与多聚甲醛反应合成硼改性的酚醛树脂,发现硼改性酚醛树脂比未经硼改性的酚醛树脂的耐热性和冲击韧性都得到了显著提升。在有机硅材料的分子主链中引入Si-O-B键,也可以赋予有机硅材料独特的物理和化学性质[5]。文献[2]报道了在研究聚硼二甲基甲硅氧烷弹性体的合成时,得到了能够形成凝胶的产物,认为形成凝胶的原因可能是硅氧烷链间的O原子和B原子发生了非键络合。李旭峰等[6]研究了硼含量对聚硼硅氧烷粘弹性能的影响,并提出温度可以改变聚硼硅氧烷的物理交联程度。
R B SNELL[7]在1972年发明了含硼硅橡胶自粘带,并提出了硅橡胶自粘带作为导体绝缘层的概念。硅橡胶具备电气强度高、耐热等级高的特点,自融合效应能赋予硅橡胶良好的密封性,所以硅橡胶自粘带适合作为电机线圈引线和电缆接头的绝缘绕包材料。
硅橡胶自粘带的使用方式与压敏胶带[8]类似,只需要在两层胶带之间施加一定的压力,就能在搭接面实现一定强度的粘接。压敏胶带粘附的原理是被粘物表面含有的羟基、羧基等极性基团通过氢键作用与压敏胶发生粘接。氢键一般表示为X-H···A,其中X与H之间已经产生了化学键,X-H可以作为质子供体,为A提供质子。氢键的强弱跟X、A元素的电负性和原子半径有关。电负性大且半径小的元素与H之间能形成强的氢键,例如,F-H···F是最强的氢键,O-H···O次之,O-H···N又次之,N-H···N更次之[9]。因为氢键较弱(氟化氢中的氢键键能为28 kJ/mol),所以压敏胶具备易剥离的特点。硅橡胶自粘带的表面无胶黏剂涂层,对其他材料无粘附力,只能对自身实现融合性粘接,因此硅橡胶自粘带的粘接机理不同于压敏胶。
分析近年来关于硅橡胶自粘带的专利[10-11],发现不同配方和工艺的硅橡胶自粘带的关键技术都是在有机硅硫化体系中引入了含硼化合物。硼、氧、硅原子核外电子轨道的排布分别为1s22s22p1、1s22s22p4、1s22s22p63s23p2。根据杂化轨道理论12,硼原子核外有3个杂化的sp2电子轨道和一个空的p轨道;硅原子核外有4个杂化的sp3轨道。在含硼的有机硅体系中,氧原子核外的p电子轨道上有两个未成对电子,可以与硼原子的sp2杂化轨道或者硅原子的sp3杂化轨道形成电子对,生成Si-O-B键;在分子与分子之间,一个分子中氧原子p轨道上的成对电子可能与另一个分子中硼原子的空p轨道共享电子形成分子间络合。这种分子间络合使得硅橡胶自粘带界面间的自融合性粘接成为可能。
本研究通过实验对硼改性硅橡胶自粘带的自融合效应进行验证,并借助红外光谱对其自融合粘接机理进行探讨。
甲基乙烯基硅橡胶生胶,平均分子量为40万,邵氏A硬度为60,瓦克公司;硼酸,纯度为99.9%,淄博永泰达化工有限公司;2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰(双二四),东莞市迈腾橡塑材料有限公司。
X(S)K230型开炼机,无锡二橡机械有限公司;SC101-2B型恒温烘箱,嘉兴市新塍镇东兴电热仪器厂;63T XLB-D/Q型平板硫化机,湖州顺力橡胶机械有限公司;WD-50型万能材料试验机,上海卓技仪器设备有限公司;JYH-74 NiCOLET/10型红外光谱仪,Thermo Fisher Scientific公司。
取一定量的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶A和硼酸,按照质量比为100∶1~100∶5在开炼机中开炼至硼酸全部分散均匀,得到混合物B;将混合物B放入恒温烘箱中,在220℃下反应2 h,得到产物C;将产物C与2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰(双二四)硫化剂按照质量比为100∶1.5混合,在开炼机中开炼至气孔消失、胶体颜色均匀,利用模具将含硫化剂的胶体在平板硫化机中压制成150 mm×25 mm×0.3 mm的带状,加热硫化,制得硅橡胶自粘带试样。
将硅橡胶自粘带试样两两对齐,按照图1所示的方式将50 mm长的重叠部分在10 N的压力下压合10 min,在万能材料试验机上分别夹持未粘合的两端进行拉伸测试,拉伸加载速度为200 mm/min。如果两片胶带分离,则试验记录的最大拉伸力为胶带间的粘接力。
硼酸与甲基乙烯基硅橡胶反应后的产物C为多孔胶状物,不同硼酸含量的产物C外观如图2所示。从图2可以看出,随着硼酸质量分数的增加,C的气孔量增加,当硼酸质量分数超过2.5%后,产物C的气孔形貌出现部分塌陷。
出现气孔的原因是硼酸在熔化后与羟基硅油发生缩合反应,生成了水,水蒸气挥发后在未硫化的产物中形成了气孔。因为羟基硅油来自于硅橡胶A中的结构控制剂,含量有限,所以反应体系气孔生成量随着硼酸含量的变化出现峰值。其反应可能有一到三级,反应方程式分别如式(1)~(3)所示。
HO-Si(CH3)2-O[Si(CH3)2O]nSi(CH3)2-OH+B(OH)3→HO-Si(CH3)2-O[Si(CH3)2O]nSi(CH3)2-O-B(OH)2+H2O
2HO-Si(CH3)2-O[Si(CH3)2O]nSi(CH3)2-OH+B(OH)3→HO-Si(CH3)2-O[Si(CH3)2O]nSi(CH3)2-O-B(OH)-O-Si(CH3)2-O-[Si(CH3)2O]n-Si(CH3)2-OH+2H2O
3HO-Si(CH3)2-O[Si(CH3)2O]nSi(CH3)2-OH+B(OH)3→B-{O-Si(CH3)2-O-[Si(CH3)2O]nSi-(CH3)2-OH}3+3H2O
过量的硼酸会以液态形式存在于反应体系中,直至体系温度降至硼酸的熔点169℃以下,所以硼酸过量会引起产物C在高温下的内部滑动,造成部分气孔塌陷。
在常态下按照1.4所述方法测定的粘接力即为初粘力。硅橡胶自粘带的初粘力与硼酸含量的关系如表1所示。从表1可以看出,当硼酸含量在2.5%以下时,自粘带的初粘力随着硼酸含量的增加而增大;当硼酸含量超过2.5%后,自粘带的初粘力随着硼酸含量的增加而减小。试验表明,当硼酸的含量在3.0%以下时,C的硫化产物的伸缩性和硅橡胶A的硫化产物相比无明显差异;当硼酸含量超过4.0%时,产物C在与双二四硫化剂混合后加热无法充分硫化,其原因是硼酸能捕获双二四硫化剂分解产生的活性自由基,阻碍了硅橡胶的硫化,试样的拉伸过程记录如图3所示,考虑到4.0%硼酸含量的试样拉伸强度过低,本组试样的尺寸为150 mm×25 mm× 1 mm。
按照图1所示方法制作试样,分别在23、60、150、180℃下存储12、24、48 h,然后按照1.4所述方法进行拉伸测试,对测试过程中两片胶带分离的记录剥离力,对界面不分离、胶带断裂的记录拉断力,测试结果如表2所示。
如果试样在拉伸过程中发生界面分离,说明胶带界面的结合强度小于胶带内部分子间的内聚力;而界面不破坏,胶带被拉断,则表明界面结合强度大于胶带内部分子间的内聚力,可视为已经发生界面自融合。从表2可以看出,试样在不同温度和一定时间后都发生了断裂,而且拉断力比界面分离时的剥离力更大,表明发生了界面自融合。在23℃下,粘合48 h的试样仍然可以被分离,而在60℃下,粘合12 h的试样就发生了断裂;在120℃下,粘合 6 h的试样也出现断裂。可见,自融合并非瞬时完成,在温度一定的条件下,界面剥离强度随着时间增加而增大,温度升高时,自融合过程加快。
图4是甲基乙烯基硅橡胶在硼改性前后的硫化产物的红外光谱图,其中甲基乙烯基硅橡胶经2.5%硼酸改性后的特征峰[13-14]表3所示。
图4可以看出,改性前后硅橡胶的红外特征峰基本相同,表明产物的主要成分仍为甲基硅氧烷,但改性后比改性前多了两个特征峰。其中3 206.72 cm-1处是-OH的伸缩振动峰[14],由于硼酸局部过量,部分硼酸在反应掉一个或两个-OH后,剩下羟基因反应活性降低,没能继续反应;1 186.75 cm-1处是聚合物红外光谱中不常见的特征峰,夏树屏等15在研究硼酸盐的红外光谱时,将1 196 cm-1处峰位归属为三配位硼空着的p轨道π键的重新分布所引起的B-O-B伸缩振动峰。本研究认为1 186.75 cm-1处峰位的出现,表明产物中存在三配位硼受到了非配位原子的束缚。与硼原子连接的是硅氧烷链段,中心硼原子间p轨道重叠的难度很大,因此这种束缚应该来自于硼原子与氧原子的配位络合。
试验表明,硅橡胶自粘带并不能粘附只含硅氧烷的硅橡胶片,说明含硼硅氧烷与硫化的线性硅氧烷弹性体之间不存在络合,或者由于硫化的线性硅氧烷是大分子,其热运动距离有限,络合效果很微弱。因此B∶O络合应该是发生在硼硅氧烷之间,有I、II两种可能的络合方式,如图5所示。从图5可以看出,在络合方式I中,可以提供电子对的O原子分布密度较高,而且与O原子相邻的硅原子上的侧链较短,所以以方式I发生络合的概率更高。
自融合过程需要一定的时间才能充分完成,因为在含硼硅氧烷中,与氧原子相邻的硅原子上的侧链(甲基)对硼氧原子的络合形成了位阻[16]。该位阻会随着分子的热运动和Si-O链的旋转而变弱,从而使B∶O络合变得更加牢固。加热可以加剧分子热运动,从而促进硼、氧原子间的络合,所以在加热的条件下完成自融合需要的时间更短。
分析认为,温度影响络合的效率,而时间影响络合的强度。从表2可知,温度改变对络合效率影响最显著的是23~60℃的阶段,在60℃条件下,试样在12 h内可以达到的粘接力是所有试样中最高的,所以本研究中60℃/12 h应是一个优选的络合参数。
以硼酸与甲基乙烯基硅橡胶反应,制备了可自融合粘接的硅橡胶自粘带,反应体系中的硼酸含量为2.5%时,制得的自粘带具有最大的初粘力。
当硅橡胶带具备“硅氧烷长链网络中穿插含硼硅氧烷短链段”的分子结构时,在良好接触的含硼硅氧烷链段之间,硼原子与氧原子能发生强于聚硅氧烷分子间内聚力的络合,实现硅橡胶带的界面自融合。络合不能瞬间完成,界面所处的温度越高,络合时间越短,在60℃条件下,可在12 h内达到最佳络合强度。
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2021年第54卷第4期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.04.004
  • 接收时间:2020-07-07
  • 首发时间:2026-01-26
  • 出版时间:2021-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-07
  • 修回日期:2020-08-03
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    浙江博菲电气股份有限公司,浙江 嘉兴 314400
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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