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First of all, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) micro-powder and sericite micro-powder (Mica) were used as raw materials, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) and mica nanosheets (MNS) were exfoliated by freeze-thaw cycle combined with ultrasonic technology. Then the BNNSs and MNS were used as insulating thermal conductive fillers, mica/boron nitride nanohybrid polyimide films (MNS/BNNS nanohybrid PI films) were prepared by in-situ polymerization and two-step water-based polyimide (PI) process. The influence of different MNS/BNNS filling amounts on the performance of PI composite films was studied. The morphology and structure of BN, BNNS, Mica, and MNS were characterized by XRD, TEM, and AFM, and the thermal conductivity, dielectric constant and electric strength of the MNS/BNNS nanohybrid PI films were measured. The results show that when the ratio between MNS and BNNSs is 1∶2, the MNS/BNNS nanohybrid PI films have better comprehensive properties, and the thermal conductivity is significantly improved compared with pure PI. The thermal conductivity is 0.743 W/(m·K), the electric strength is 246 MV/m, and the dielectric constant is 5.28.

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首先以六方氮化硼(h-BN)微粉及绢云母微粉(Mica)为原料,通过冻融循环结合超声工艺剥离出氮化硼纳米片(BNNS)及云母纳米片(MNS);之后以BNNS和MNS为绝缘导热填料,采用原位聚合法及二步法的水性聚酰亚胺(PI)工艺,制备了云母/氮化硼纳米杂化聚酰亚胺薄膜(简称为MNS/BNNS纳米杂化PI薄膜)。研究了不同MNS/BNNS填充量对纳米杂化PI薄膜性能的影响,采用XRD、TEM、AFM对BN、BNNS、Mica、MNS的形貌、结构进行了表征,并测定了MNS/BNNS纳米杂化PI薄膜的导热系数、介电常数及电气强度等性能。结果表明:当m(MNS)∶m(BNNS)=1∶2时,纳米杂化PI薄膜具有较好的综合性能,导热性能比纯PI大幅提高,导热系数为0.743 W/(m·K),电气强度可达246 MV/m,介电常数为5.28。

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张春琪(1968-),男(汉族),江苏苏州人,高级工程师,主要从事高分子绝缘材料及绝缘系统的研究。

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张春琪(1968-),男(汉族),江苏苏州人,高级工程师,主要从事高分子绝缘材料及绝缘系统的研究。

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1222974138180947998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, companyId=1222974138172559389, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1222974138189336607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, companyId=1222974138172559389, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国地质大学(武汉),湖北 武汉 430074)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1222974141788049609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of h-BN stripping process, figureFileSmall=v4OeWwBcDK4CcMGBn9djcg==, figureFileBig=WmQ7z/fm91l2lKtJoHJoRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974141888712911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=CN, label=图1, caption=h-BN剥离工艺示意图, figureFileSmall=v4OeWwBcDK4CcMGBn9djcg==, figureFileBig=WmQ7z/fm91l2lKtJoHJoRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974142010347738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=XRD patterns of boron nitride as is (h-BN) and BNNS, figureFileSmall=8sqjtLYskSXW0Sj8hBj3+g==, figureFileBig=6Md2ttfe4p8dPwdMUvo8Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974142098428126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=CN, label=图2, caption=氮化硼原样(h-BN)和BNNS的XRD图谱, figureFileSmall=8sqjtLYskSXW0Sj8hBj3+g==, figureFileBig=6Md2ttfe4p8dPwdMUvo8Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974142203285731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=TEM images of BNNS, figureFileSmall=+SagRXum4opKvdlM6s7OoA==, figureFileBig=uEkcqZyIZLT8yYFofFLu7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974142278783209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=CN, label=图3, caption=BNNS的TEM测试结果, figureFileSmall=+SagRXum4opKvdlM6s7OoA==, figureFileBig=uEkcqZyIZLT8yYFofFLu7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974142362669294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=AFM images of MNS, figureFileSmall=BN1pr63kEUMdh1oxi2UJNQ==, figureFileBig=fHXKym+m/A27UirpNY1aJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974142429778163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=CN, label=图4, caption=MNS的AFM表征结果, figureFileSmall=BN1pr63kEUMdh1oxi2UJNQ==, figureFileBig=fHXKym+m/A27UirpNY1aJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974142513664249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Thermal conductivity of nanohybrid polyimide films with different MNS and BNNS contents, figureFileSmall=DyrJsAvHRh4dxTiiz6yrnQ==, figureFileBig=1O+EkjZgmT7efDKM939SdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974142597550335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同MNS和BNNS用量纳米杂化PI薄膜的导热系数, figureFileSmall=DyrJsAvHRh4dxTiiz6yrnQ==, figureFileBig=1O+EkjZgmT7efDKM939SdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974142685630727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Electric strength of nanohybrid polyimide films with different MNS and BNNS contents, figureFileSmall=gvMymBoDsIZnW9X1xzVTAw==, figureFileBig=CPM2smMapmCdfUxBDVy5qQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974142803071245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同MNS和BNNS用量纳米杂化PI薄膜的电气强度, figureFileSmall=gvMymBoDsIZnW9X1xzVTAw==, figureFileBig=CPM2smMapmCdfUxBDVy5qQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974142891151636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Dielectric constants of nanohybrid polyimide films with different MNS and BNNS contents, figureFileSmall=awaCF5UQvEhmGrhC6Q9jhw==, figureFileBig=w8FD9zJ3L25S97em0Zod2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974142958260505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同MNS和BNNS用量纳米杂化PI薄膜的介电常数, figureFileSmall=awaCF5UQvEhmGrhC6Q9jhw==, figureFileBig=w8FD9zJ3L25S97em0Zod2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222974143033757981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Composition of different nanohybrid polyimide films, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样号复合薄膜

m(MNS)

/g

m(BNNS)

/g

m(PI)

/g

m(MNS)∶m(BNNS)
1BNNS/PI02.507.5
2

MNS/BNNS

/PI(A)

0.422.087.51:5
3

MNS/BNNS

/PI(B)

0.831.677.51:2
4

MNS/BNNS

/PI(C)

1.251.257.51:1
5

MNS/BNNS

/PI(D)

1.670.837.52:1
6MNS/PI2.5007.5
), ArticleFig(id=1222974143105061153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222482833701065335, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同纳米杂化PI薄膜的组成

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试样号复合薄膜

m(MNS)

/g

m(BNNS)

/g

m(PI)

/g

m(MNS)∶m(BNNS)
1BNNS/PI02.507.5
2

MNS/BNNS

/PI(A)

0.422.087.51:5
3

MNS/BNNS

/PI(B)

0.831.677.51:2
4

MNS/BNNS

/PI(C)

1.251.257.51:1
5

MNS/BNNS

/PI(D)

1.670.837.52:1
6MNS/PI2.5007.5
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介电导热云母/氮化硼纳米杂化聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备与性能研究
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张春琪 1 , 吴斌 1 , 宋江伟 2 , 景录如 1, 2
绝缘材料 | 导热绝缘专题 2021,54(2): 37-42
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绝缘材料 | 导热绝缘专题 2021, 54(2): 37-42
介电导热云母/氮化硼纳米杂化聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备与性能研究
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张春琪1, 吴斌1, 宋江伟2, 景录如1, 2
作者信息
  • 1苏州太湖电工新材料股份有限公司,江苏 苏州 215214
  • 2中国地质大学(武汉),湖北 武汉 430074
  • 张春琪(1968-),男(汉族),江苏苏州人,高级工程师,主要从事高分子绝缘材料及绝缘系统的研究。

Preparation and Properties of Dielectric Conductive Mica/Boron Nitride Nanohybrid Polyimide Films
Chunqi ZHANG1, Bin WU1, Jiangwei SONG2, Luru JING1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Suzhou Taihu Electric Advanced Material Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215214, China
  • 2China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2021-02-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.02.007
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首先以六方氮化硼(h-BN)微粉及绢云母微粉(Mica)为原料,通过冻融循环结合超声工艺剥离出氮化硼纳米片(BNNS)及云母纳米片(MNS);之后以BNNS和MNS为绝缘导热填料,采用原位聚合法及二步法的水性聚酰亚胺(PI)工艺,制备了云母/氮化硼纳米杂化聚酰亚胺薄膜(简称为MNS/BNNS纳米杂化PI薄膜)。研究了不同MNS/BNNS填充量对纳米杂化PI薄膜性能的影响,采用XRD、TEM、AFM对BN、BNNS、Mica、MNS的形貌、结构进行了表征,并测定了MNS/BNNS纳米杂化PI薄膜的导热系数、介电常数及电气强度等性能。结果表明:当m(MNS)∶m(BNNS)=1∶2时,纳米杂化PI薄膜具有较好的综合性能,导热性能比纯PI大幅提高,导热系数为0.743 W/(m·K),电气强度可达246 MV/m,介电常数为5.28。

纳米复合材料  /  氮化硼  /  云母  /  聚酰亚胺  /  导热性能

First of all, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) micro-powder and sericite micro-powder (Mica) were used as raw materials, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) and mica nanosheets (MNS) were exfoliated by freeze-thaw cycle combined with ultrasonic technology. Then the BNNSs and MNS were used as insulating thermal conductive fillers, mica/boron nitride nanohybrid polyimide films (MNS/BNNS nanohybrid PI films) were prepared by in-situ polymerization and two-step water-based polyimide (PI) process. The influence of different MNS/BNNS filling amounts on the performance of PI composite films was studied. The morphology and structure of BN, BNNS, Mica, and MNS were characterized by XRD, TEM, and AFM, and the thermal conductivity, dielectric constant and electric strength of the MNS/BNNS nanohybrid PI films were measured. The results show that when the ratio between MNS and BNNSs is 1∶2, the MNS/BNNS nanohybrid PI films have better comprehensive properties, and the thermal conductivity is significantly improved compared with pure PI. The thermal conductivity is 0.743 W/(m·K), the electric strength is 246 MV/m, and the dielectric constant is 5.28.

nanocomposites  /  boron nitride  /  mica  /  polyimide  /  thermal conductivity
张春琪, 吴斌, 宋江伟, 景录如. 介电导热云母/氮化硼纳米杂化聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备与性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (2) : 37 -42 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.02.007
Chunqi ZHANG, Bin WU, Jiangwei SONG, Luru JING. Preparation and Properties of Dielectric Conductive Mica/Boron Nitride Nanohybrid Polyimide Films[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (2) : 37 -42 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.02.007
聚酰亚胺(PI)是主链上含有酰亚胺环(酰亚胺基团)的一类聚合物,它是由二元酸和二元胺缩聚得到,分子中含有十分稳定的芳杂环结构单元,其特殊的酰亚胺环结构使其具有优异的力学性能、耐高温性能、介电性能、耐辐射性能以及耐溶剂性能等[1-3]。但其导热系数较低,限制了其在电子电工领域中更广泛的应用,例如微电子封装材料的集成化使电路或芯片在有限空间内迅速积聚热量,能否及时散热是提高其使用寿命的关键;同样电动机在运行过程中产生的各种损耗均将转变成热能,使电机温升增高,可能导致绝缘的电性能、力学性能和寿命降低以及绝缘件的松动,能否及时散热将直接影响其工作效率和可靠性。为了满足高度小型化电子器件、超导体电缆、大型发电机以及下一代航天器的发展需求,综合性能优异的导热绝缘高分子材料特别是聚酰亚胺(PI)材料已经成为新材料研究的重点之一。通过引入无机导热填料与聚酰亚胺(PI)进行复合可提高其导热性能。
绢云母是云母族矿物中的白云母亚种,呈极细鳞片状,其晶体结构是由两层硅氧四面体中间夹一层铝氧八面体构成,单晶斜系,标准化学结构式为KAl2(Si3AlO10)(OH)2,属于层片状硅铝酸盐矿物。高纵横比的绢云母矿物由于其独特的晶体结构及优良的物理化学特性,使得绢云母很容易被剥离,在二维尺度上达到纳米级别,剥离后的二维纳米绢云母具有很好的屏蔽紫外线、耐电晕和吸收微波功能。六方氮化硼(h-BN)作为一种具有与石墨相类似结构的化合物,具有许多特殊的性质,比如六方氮化硼纳米片(BNNS)具有高的抗氧化性、抗腐蚀性、高导热性、高耐热性、低热膨胀系数、低电导率等[4-6]。因此,h-BN可用作电绝缘体、耐火材料、催化剂载体和复合材料的基底等。当h-BN被剥离为纳米片时,其性质更加优异,应用也更加广泛,BNNSs的面内导热系数高达2 000 W/(m·K),可作为导热高分子复合材料的导热填料使用[7-10]
氮化硼和云母都是二维层状结构,前者具有高热导率和良好的电绝缘性能,在PI基体中形成导热网络,能大幅提高PI的导热性能;后者具有优异的电绝缘性能且能屏蔽紫外线,同时具有一定的导热性能(微米级导热系数为0.42~0.67 W/(m·K),二维纳米片导热系数可达2.03 W/(m·K)),在PI基体中构成绝缘网络,可以提高复合材料的电绝缘性能,并降低复合材料的成本。同时,使用不同粒径的微、纳米填料进行复配,纳米级填料填充于微米级填料之间,能够有效提高填充密度,有利于提高复合材料的性能[4,11-15]。采用氮化硼和绢云母制备纳米杂化PI薄膜,可以使得氮化硼和云母纳米片(MNS)在PI网络中分布均匀且刚柔互补,提高PI薄膜的导热性和介电性能。本研究以h-BN和绢云母的二维纳米片为绝缘导热填料,基于原位聚合及二步法的水性聚酰亚胺(PI)合成工艺,制备了云母/氮化硼纳米杂化PI薄膜(简称为MNS/BNNS纳米杂化PI薄膜),并进行形貌表征、结构分析及相关性能的研究。
h-BN微粉(纯度≥98.5%,2~5 μm),苏州纳朴材料科技有限公司;绢云母微粉(2~5 μm),郑州宏播利化工产品有限公司;4,4′-二胺基二苯醚(ODA)(纯度≥98%),阿拉丁试剂有限公司;均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)(化学纯),国药集团化学试剂有限公司;N,N′-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、三乙胺、丙酮,均为分析纯,天津市福晨化学试剂厂。
冻融循环剥片用冰柜为DW-40-L076型低温实验冰箱(-15~-45℃),北京德馨永嘉科技有限公司;超声分散设备为JY92-IIDN型细胞粉碎机,宁波新芝生物科技公司;微纳米分离设备采用KH19A型台式高速离心机,湖南凯达科学仪器有限公司;薄膜成型采用S6090-H型自动涂膜机,江苏爱科美特科技发展有限公司。
X-射线衍射(XRD):使用德国Bruker Axs公司的D8-Focus型仪器对样品进行测试,扫描速度为10°/min,2θ为10°~70°。原子力显微镜(AFM):使用日本岛津公司的WET-SPM系列原子力显微镜对MNS样品进行测试。透射电子显微镜(TEM):使用日本电子株式会社的JEM-2100型透射电子显微镜对样品进行表征,加速电压为200 kV,将样品用超声处理15 min分散在乙醇中,滴到铜网上,然后放于灯下烘烤,待溶剂挥发后进行测试。热导率:利用TC 3000型导热系数测试仪对样品进行测试,测试温度为室温,采用快速模式,测试电压为1.2 V,测量时间间隔3 min。电气强度:使用常州同惠电子股份有限公司的TH9201B型耐压测试仪测试复合材料的击穿电压,用击穿电压除以样品厚度计算得到样品的电气强度。介电常数:使用安捷伦E4980A型精密LCR测试仪在室温下测量复合材料的介电常数。
先将微米h-BN粉末按一定比例分散在去离子水中,搅拌均匀后超声分散30 min,让水分子充分进入BN层间,然后放在冰箱中迅速冷冻至-18℃以下并保持一段时间,将冷冻成固体的分散液自然升温至4℃以上;重复6~8次上述冻融步骤(图1为1次循环的冻融剥离工艺示意图),将得到的分散液超声处理3 h,再在3 000 r/min的转速下离心10 min,分离得到上清液即为BNNS的分散液,剥离产率约为12%。
先将绢云母粉末按一定比例分散在去离子水中,搅拌均匀后超声分散30 min,让水分子充分进入云母的片层之间,然后放在冰箱中迅速冷冻至 -18℃以下,持续冷冻24 h,将冷冻成固体的云母分散液自然升温至4℃以上;重复4~6次上述冻融步骤(工艺过程如图1所示,其中的微米h-BN粉末换成绢云母粉末),将得到的云母分散液超声处理3 h,再在3 000 r/min的转速下离心5 min,分离得到上清液即为MNS的分散液,剥离产率约为20%。
PI薄膜制备步骤:①称取一定量的MNS、BNNS,再称取一定量ODA一并倒入三口烧瓶中,然后磁力搅拌30 min使ODA充分溶解、云母填料均匀分散,再超声处理1 h使填料分散更加充分;将等摩尔比的PMDA在机械搅拌下分批次加入,间隔时间为30 min,加入完毕后继续机械搅拌1 h使其充分反应,合成得到含有MNS、BNNS二元填料的聚酰胺酸(PAA)溶液;②向上述含有MNS、BNNS二元填料的PAA溶液中在机械搅拌下滴加三乙胺,并维持搅拌2 h,搅拌后静置消泡,接着将其缓慢呈丝状倒入丙酮中,浸泡24 h去除DMF溶剂,取出自然晾干,得到水溶性复合聚酰胺酸盐的干丝;③将水溶性复合聚酰胺酸盐干丝配置成水溶液,均匀刮涂于干燥洁净的玻璃板表面,之后将其置于真空干燥箱中,依次在80、100、120、140、160、180℃真空加热1 h,之后转移到马弗炉中,依次在240、300、320℃分别处理1、1、2 h,完成热酰亚胺化,得到MNS/BNNS/PI复合薄膜,薄膜的厚度控制在10~15 μm。保持总填充量为25%不变,通过控制MNS和BNNS的质量比(如表1所示),制备得到一系列MNS/BNNS/PI复合薄膜。
图2为六方氮化硼(h-BN)原样和BNNS的XRD图谱。为更好地观察,将2θ为40°~60°内的图谱进行放大。h-BN的六方相特征峰出现在2θ为26.7°、41.6°、43.9°、50.2°和55.1°左右的位置,分别对应BNNS的(002)、(100)、(101)、(102)和(004)晶面[16-18]。可以观察到h-BN具有强的BNNS(002)和(004)晶面对应的特征峰,而h-BN剥离后(002)和(004)晶面对应的特征峰强度只是略微降低且峰的宽度并没有明显变化,说明剥离过程对h-BN的平面内结构影响较小。相反,(100)、(101)和(102)晶面对应的特征峰在剥离后完全消失,这是由于剥离致使h-BN径厚比增大后样品择优取向,证明h-BN被有效剥离成BNNS。
图3为BNNS的TEM测试结果,其中图3(a)为BNNS的形貌图,可以看出样品呈少层堆叠,具有褶皱的薄片状。图3(b)为BNNS的电子衍射图,可以看出样品为六方晶系[19-21],说明平面内结构没有被破坏,与XRD结果一致。图3(c)为BNNS的高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)图像,该图证实了BNNS的高结晶性,对应XRD结果,说明h-BN通过冻融法被成功剥离为BNNS且其结晶性未被破坏。
使用AFM对剥离得到的MNS进行表征结果,如图4所示。由图4(a)可以看出,MNS具有二维片状形状。图4(b)给出了一片MNS的高度轮廓,可以看出其直径为250 nm左右,厚度为1.5 nm左右。图4(c)为MNS的表面三维形貌图像,可以看出MNS样品大部分高度接近一致,但也存在两个突起,可能是由于制样时MNS发生团聚引起高度增加。AFM表征结果说明MNS被成功剥离。
图5为二元填料总量为25%时,MNS和BNNS质量比不同的纳米杂化PI薄膜的导热系数。从图5可以看出,随着MNS占比的增加,纳米杂化PI薄膜的导热系数先增大后减小。在m(MNS)∶m(BNNS)=1∶2(3号试样)时纳米杂化PI薄膜的导热系数达到最大,为0.743 W/(m·K),相比等填充量BNNS/PI的导热系数提高了15.9%,是纯PI薄膜的4.45倍。在m(MNS)∶m(BNNS)=2∶1(5号试样)时纳米杂化PI薄膜的导热系数为0.487 W/(m·K),小于等填充量BNNS/PI的导热系数,大于等填充量MNS/PI的导热系数。
当MNS在二元填料中的占比较小时,由于MNS的表面羟基可以与BNNS的羟基和氨基形成氢键,MNS可以插入BNNS颗粒之间阻隔BNNS,有效地减少BNNS之间的团聚,促进BNNS在PI基体中的分散[22],从而使BNNS形成导热通路的效率提高,纳米杂化PI薄膜的导热系数相应增大。但当MNS、BNNS的比例超过1∶2时,MNS的含量对于分散的BNNS来说已经过剩,而导热系数远大于MNS的BNNS是二元填料中提高纳米杂化PI薄膜导热性能的核心,BNNS填充量的减少导致基体中的导热通路减少,纳米杂化PI薄膜的导热系数相应减小。
二元填料总量为25%时,MNS和BNNS质量比不同的纳米杂化PI薄膜的电气强度如图6所示。从图6可以看出,纳米杂化PI薄膜的电气强度随MNS占比的增加先增大后减小,在m(MNS)∶m(BNNS)= 1∶1(4号试样)时达到最大,为254 MV/m,分别较单一填料等填充量的BNNS/PI和MNS/PI增大了46.8%和28.3%,比纯PI薄膜的电气强度增大了22.1%。当m(MNS)∶m(BNNS)=1∶2(3号试样)时,纳米杂化PI薄膜的电气强度也达到了246 MV/m。
MNS/BNNS/PI复合薄膜的电气强度提高的原因可能是:在MNS、BNNS的质量比小于1∶1时,由于MNS可以插入到BNNS颗粒间阻止BNNS团聚,MNS用量的增加有利于BNNS在PI基体中分散,形成更多的界面,引入更多深陷阱,由于陷阱对载流子具有显著的入陷作用和散射作用,增加载流子被束缚的概率,提高了电气强度,并且MNS本身的电气强度大于BNNS,因此纳米杂化PI薄膜的电气强度随MNS用量增加而增大。T TAKADA及K S SHAH等[23-24]对纳米复合材料陷阱特性进行的实验研究表明,纳米掺杂可引入能级为1.5~5 eV的较深陷阱,纳米掺杂含量越高,引入的深陷阱越多,使得材料的电导率越低,电阻率越高。但是,在MNS、BNNS的质量比大于1∶1时,随着MNS用量的增加,MNS开始占主导,MNS团聚增多,加剧了电场的畸变,因此二元填料纳米杂化PI薄膜的电气强度随MNS用量增加开始降低[25-26]
二元填料总量为25%时,MNS和BNNS质量比不同的纳米杂化PI薄膜的介电常数对比如图7所示。从图7可以看出,固定25%填充总量不变,MNS/BNNS/PI复合薄膜的介电常数随MNS占比的增加先减小后增大。这是由于在MNS占比较小时,MNS用量的增加会减少BNNS的团聚,缩短了因填料团聚而增大的PI分子链间距,抑制了极性基团的偶极取向,使介电常数减小;随着MNS所占比例继续增加,MNS逐渐占主导,MNS的团聚现象增多,对极性基团偶极取向的抑制作用减小,同时MNS本身的介电常数也大于BNNS和PI基体,因此MNS/BNNS/PI复合薄膜的介电常数增大。MNS/BNNS/PI复合薄膜的介电常数小于单一填料的MNS/PI,但差距不大。当m(MNS)∶m(BNNS)=1∶2(3号试样)时,纳米杂化PI薄膜的介电常数为5.28。
(1)XRD和TEM表征结果表明成功由h-BN剥离得到BNNS,且其结晶性未被破坏,AFM表征结果显示,成功由绢云母粉末剥离得到MNS。
(2)当m(MNS)∶m(BNNS)=1∶2时,MNS/BNNS/PI薄膜具有较好的导热性能和电气强度,满足PI膜基本性能要求,相比纯PI薄膜相关性能得到提高,导热系数可达0.743 W/(m·K),电气强度达到246 MV/m,介电常数为5.28。
(3)本研究基于原位聚合及二步法的水性聚酰亚胺(PI)合成工艺,制备了云母/氮化硼纳米杂化PI薄膜,具有环保无污染的特点。
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.02.007
  • 接收时间:2020-06-24
  • 首发时间:2026-01-26
  • 出版时间:2021-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2020-06-24
  • 修回日期:2020-12-09
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    1苏州太湖电工新材料股份有限公司,江苏 苏州 215214
    2中国地质大学(武汉),湖北 武汉 430074
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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