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Article(id=1210613546157740095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210613541111984320, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.11.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1699718400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-12, revisedDate=1702224000000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766562361516, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1732032000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766562361516, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766562361516, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766562361516, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210613541111984320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2024', volume='57', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='143', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766562360313, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766564044072, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210620603392987671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210613541111984320, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210620603392987672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210613541111984320, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=113, endPage=118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210613546459729995, articleId=1210613546157740095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Study on insulation performance enhancement technology for machinable ceramic brush holders, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To improve the insulating properties of machinable ceramic brush holders in high humidity environment, different types of organosilane film layers were formed on the surface of machinable ceramic, and their microstructure, contact angle, surface bonding strength, and moisture absorption rate were tested. The effects of the film layers containing KH-560, KH-570, and fluorosilane on the adhesion strength and moisture absorption of epoxy adhesive were studied. The mechanism of the films enhance the moisture resistance of machinable ceramic brush holder was concluded. The results show that the film layer thickness of KH-560 organosiliane on the surface of the machinable ceramic brush holder is about 40 μm. At the same time, the water contact angle of the brush holder product treated by KH-560 coupling agent increases from 9.2° to 42.8°, the moisture absorption rate reduces by more than 58.3%, and the hydrophobicity increases significantly. Even in the environment with relative humidity of 90%, the insulation resistance can still reach more than 220 MΩ, showing excellent insulation performance, which makes its insulation reliability improve significantly in high humidity environment.

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为提高可加工陶瓷电刷架组件在高潮湿环境下的绝缘性能，在可加工陶瓷表面构建了不同类型有机硅烷膜层，并对其微观形貌结构、接触角、表面粘接强度以及吸湿率进行测试，研究了KH-560、KH-570以及含氟硅烷等膜层对环氧胶粘接强度以及吸湿性的影响，归纳出膜层增强可加工陶瓷电刷架抗潮湿性的作用机理。结果表明：KH-560有机硅烷在可加工陶瓷电刷架表面形成的膜层厚度为40 μm左右，同时经KH-560偶联剂表面处理后的电刷架产品对水的接触角从9.2°提高到42.8°，吸湿率降低58.3%以上，憎水性显著提高，即使在相对湿度为90%的环境下，绝缘电阻仍能达到220 MΩ以上，表现出优异的绝缘性能，使其在高潮湿环境下的绝缘可靠性显著提升。

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李彦博（1984-），男（汉族），河北石家庄人，高级工程师，主要从事精密仪表用非金属材料应用工艺的相关研究。

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李彦博（1984-），男（汉族），河北石家庄人，高级工程师，主要从事精密仪表用非金属材料应用工艺的相关研究。

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李彦博（1984-），男（汉族），河北石家庄人，高级工程师，主要从事精密仪表用非金属材料应用工艺的相关研究。

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试样含量/%
COMgSiKF
未处理11.1542.7010.3622.196.307.30
KH-56047.8031.533.4914.323.270
KH-57046.1930.934.5714.523.790
含氟硅烷19.8842.158.3017.765.146.77
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陶瓷试样表面能谱分析数据

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试样含量/%
COMgSiKF
未处理11.1542.7010.3622.196.307.30
KH-56047.8031.533.4914.323.270
KH-57046.1930.934.5714.523.790
含氟硅烷19.8842.158.3017.765.146.77
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表面处理方式未处理KH-560处理KH-570处理含氟硅烷处理
接触角/(°)9.242.879.082.3
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不同表面处理后的接触角数值

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表面处理方式未处理KH-560处理KH-570处理含氟硅烷处理
接触角/(°)9.242.879.082.3
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表面处理方式未处理KH-560处理KH-570处理含氟硅烷处理
吸湿率/%0.0360.0150.0140.021
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表面处理方法对可加工陶瓷吸湿率的影响

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表面处理方式未处理KH-560处理KH-570处理含氟硅烷处理
吸湿率/%0.0360.0150.0140.021
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项目未处理KH-560处理KH-570处理含氟硅烷处理
粘接强度/MPa＞31＞312.527.8
破坏形式陶瓷基体陶瓷基体粘接面粘接面
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不同表面处理后可加工陶瓷的粘接性能对比

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项目未处理KH-560处理KH-570处理含氟硅烷处理
粘接强度/MPa＞31＞312.527.8
破坏形式陶瓷基体陶瓷基体粘接面粘接面
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编号未处理的电刷架组合件绝缘情况编号表面处理后的电刷架组合件绝缘情况
1刷丝对金属壳体导通6250 V时，绝缘电阻在220 MΩ以上
2刷丝对金属壳体导通7250 V时，绝缘电阻在220 MΩ以上
3刷间、刷丝对金属壳体导通8250 V时，绝缘电阻在220 MΩ以上
4刷间、刷丝对金属壳体导通9250 V时，绝缘电阻在220 MΩ以上
5刷间、刷丝对金属壳体导通10250 V时，绝缘电阻在220 MΩ以上
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电刷架组合件在湿度90%条件下的绝缘可靠性

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编号未处理的电刷架组合件绝缘情况编号表面处理后的电刷架组合件绝缘情况
1刷丝对金属壳体导通6250 V时，绝缘电阻在220 MΩ以上
2刷丝对金属壳体导通7250 V时，绝缘电阻在220 MΩ以上
3刷间、刷丝对金属壳体导通8250 V时，绝缘电阻在220 MΩ以上
4刷间、刷丝对金属壳体导通9250 V时，绝缘电阻在220 MΩ以上
5刷间、刷丝对金属壳体导通10250 V时，绝缘电阻在220 MΩ以上
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试样加热前质量/g加热后质量/g质量变化率/%
10.142 00.142 00
20.250 50.250 4-0.040
30.384 90.385 0+0.030
43.701 03.700 7-0.008
54.054 84.054 7-0.002
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表面处理后可加工陶瓷的挥发性

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试样加热前质量/g加热后质量/g质量变化率/%
10.142 00.142 00
20.250 50.250 4-0.040
30.384 90.385 0+0.030
43.701 03.700 7-0.008
54.054 84.054 7-0.002
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可加工陶瓷电刷架绝缘性能增强技术研究
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李彦博 1 , 严思澄 2 , 胡银苹 1
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2024,57(11): 113-118
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2024, 57(11): 113-118
可加工陶瓷电刷架绝缘性能增强技术研究
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李彦博1, 严思澄2, 胡银苹1
作者信息
  • 1北京航天控制仪器研究所，北京 100854
  • 2首都经济贸易大学，北京 100070

    • 李彦博（1984-），男（汉族），河北石家庄人，高级工程师，主要从事精密仪表用非金属材料应用工艺的相关研究。

Study on insulation performance enhancement technology for machinable ceramic brush holders
Yanbo LI1, Sicheng YAN2, Yinping HU1
Affiliations
  • 1Beijing Institute of Aerospace Control Devices, Beijing 100854, China
  • 2Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China
出版时间: 2024-11-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.11.014
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摘要
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为提高可加工陶瓷电刷架组件在高潮湿环境下的绝缘性能，在可加工陶瓷表面构建了不同类型有机硅烷膜层，并对其微观形貌结构、接触角、表面粘接强度以及吸湿率进行测试，研究了KH-560、KH-570以及含氟硅烷等膜层对环氧胶粘接强度以及吸湿性的影响，归纳出膜层增强可加工陶瓷电刷架抗潮湿性的作用机理。结果表明：KH-560有机硅烷在可加工陶瓷电刷架表面形成的膜层厚度为40 μm左右，同时经KH-560偶联剂表面处理后的电刷架产品对水的接触角从9.2°提高到42.8°，吸湿率降低58.3%以上，憎水性显著提高，即使在相对湿度为90%的环境下，绝缘电阻仍能达到220 MΩ以上，表现出优异的绝缘性能，使其在高潮湿环境下的绝缘可靠性显著提升。

表面处理  /  可加工陶瓷  /  吸潮  /  绝缘可靠性

To improve the insulating properties of machinable ceramic brush holders in high humidity environment, different types of organosilane film layers were formed on the surface of machinable ceramic, and their microstructure, contact angle, surface bonding strength, and moisture absorption rate were tested. The effects of the film layers containing KH-560, KH-570, and fluorosilane on the adhesion strength and moisture absorption of epoxy adhesive were studied. The mechanism of the films enhance the moisture resistance of machinable ceramic brush holder was concluded. The results show that the film layer thickness of KH-560 organosiliane on the surface of the machinable ceramic brush holder is about 40 μm. At the same time, the water contact angle of the brush holder product treated by KH-560 coupling agent increases from 9.2° to 42.8°, the moisture absorption rate reduces by more than 58.3%, and the hydrophobicity increases significantly. Even in the environment with relative humidity of 90%, the insulation resistance can still reach more than 220 MΩ, showing excellent insulation performance, which makes its insulation reliability improve significantly in high humidity environment.

surface treatment  /  machinable ceramic  /  moisture absorption  /  insulation reliability
李彦博, 严思澄, 胡银苹. 可加工陶瓷电刷架绝缘性能增强技术研究. 绝缘材料, 2024 , 57 (11) : 113 -118 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.11.014
Yanbo LI, Sicheng YAN, Yinping HU. Study on insulation performance enhancement technology for machinable ceramic brush holders[J]. Insulating Materials, 2024 , 57 (11) : 113 -118 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.11.014
正文
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0 引言
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精密输电装置由电刷架组合件、导电杆组件和轴承等组成（如图1所示），主要用于高精度惯性导航系统等精密机电产品旋转部件和固定部件之间电源、信号的电力输出和反馈[1]，其性能和可靠性直接影响惯性导航系统的精度和可靠性。电刷架作为精密输电装置中的一个重要组件，要求在湿度大于75%环境下，施加100 V以上电压时，相邻刷丝（间距≤0.5 mm）或电刷架对金属壳体不发生导通现象。因此，电刷架材料必须具备非常高的机械加工精度和绝缘可靠性。
酚醛、环氧、聚苯硫醚等塑料具有较好的力学性能和绝缘性能，常用于制作电机的电刷架[3-4]。但酚醛塑料质脆、机械加工性能差；环氧树脂材料吸潮后绝缘性能差；聚苯硫醚韧性高，但机械加工后微小毛刺无法清除[5]，这些材料均不适用于高性能精密输电装置。可加工陶瓷是由氟金云母微晶和玻璃组成的一种复合多晶材料，具有绝缘性能优异、耐高低温、耐热冲击、不释放气体等特点，可进行车、铣、刨、磨、钻、切割、攻丝等各项加工，并能达到很高的加工精度[6-9]，满足平台精密导电装置电刷架组件的加工精度要求。但该材料制备的电刷架极易在湿度大于75%的环境下出现绝缘性能下降的现象，从而引起平台电源传输错误、反馈信号异常等故障，对平台的运作具有致命影响。因此，需找出一种克服可加工陶瓷材料吸潮的工艺方法，保证电刷架组件具有较高的绝缘可靠性。
表面处理方法是提高陶瓷材料抗潮湿性能的一种有效方法，常用的陶瓷表面憎水处理剂包括有机硅烷、含氟硅烷，通过表面处理，可以赋予陶瓷基体不同程度的憎水性[10-18]。本文通过对可加工陶瓷进行表面处理实验，研究不同表面处理剂对可加工陶瓷材料性能的影响，结合应用验证结果，提出一种在可加工陶瓷表面引入有机硅烷膜层的方法来提升电刷架组件在潮湿环境下的绝缘可靠性。
1 实验
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1.1 主要原材料
硅烷试剂KH-560、KH-570，南京创世化工有限公司；全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷，广州宏程生物科技有限公司；无水乙醇、冰醋酸（均为分析纯），北京化工厂；去离子水，自制；可加工陶瓷，北京中材人工晶体研究院有限公司。
1.2 可加工陶瓷的表面处理工艺
1.2.1 可加工陶瓷材料表面KH-560或KH-570处理工艺
将可加工陶瓷材料先后进行超声清洗和等离子清洗，去除表面颗粒状杂质和提高硅烷试剂在材料表面的浸润性。将乙醇、硅烷偶联剂、去离子水按质量比90∶5∶5混合配制硅烷水溶液，滴加少量乙酸，调节水溶液pH至3～4，加热硅烷水溶液至80℃，恒温搅拌反应1 h后备用。将处理后的可加工陶瓷浸入到硅烷水溶液中10～15 min，取出后放入鼓风干燥箱中，100℃恒温加热1 h，开箱冷却至室温，得到KH560或KH570表面处理后的可加工陶瓷材料。
1.2.2 可加工陶瓷材料表面全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷处理工艺
将无水乙醇、全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷按质量比2 000∶1混合配制溶液，将处理后的可加工陶瓷材料在室温下浸入到上述混合溶液中，浸泡24 h后取出，用无水乙醇冲洗后，置于100℃鼓风干燥箱中加热6 h；重复以上浸泡和干燥过程2次，得到全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷表面处理后的可加工陶瓷材料。
1.3 检测与分析
使用FEI Inspect S50型扫描电子显微镜对可加工陶瓷表面形貌和膜层厚度进行表征；使用美国BIO-RAD公司生产的FTS-3000型红外光谱仪对表面处理前后的可加工陶瓷表面进行检测和分析；使用OCA25型视频光学接触角测量仪对水在可加工陶瓷表面的接触角进行测量；使用绝缘表对电刷架组件在不同湿度环境下的电阻进行检测。将表面处理前后的可加工陶瓷件（Φ=25 mm）通过高强度环氧胶粘接，制作成拉伸实验件，使用电子万能试验机，对表面处理前后的可加工陶瓷粘接性能进行检测控制拉伸速度为5 mm/min。使用FA-2014型电子分析天平（精度为0.1 mg）称量可加工陶瓷的质量变化。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 表面处理方法对可加工陶瓷材料形貌和性能的影响
2.1.1 形貌检测与表层成分分析
可加工陶瓷材料的表面微观形貌如图2所示。从图2(a)可以看出，未处理的可加工陶瓷材料表面凹凸不平，存在大量2～7 μm的孔隙状微观缺陷或微裂纹；经表面处理后，陶瓷表面更光滑，缺陷较少如图2(b)、图2(c)所示。表1为可加工陶瓷的能谱数据。从表1可以看出，陶瓷中含有大量的O、Mg、Si元素，并且含有少量的C、F、K元素，表明可加工陶瓷的主要成分是氧化硅、氧化镁以及少量氟化物。经表面偶联剂KH-560、KH-570处理后，陶瓷表面平整光滑，C元素含量上升到46%以上，并且表面未探测到F元素，说明可加工陶瓷表面被一层有机硅烷膜覆盖。经含氟硅烷处理后的可加工陶瓷表面仍存在少量凹凸不平的形貌如图2(d)所示，并且C元素含量并未显著上升，说明含氟硅烷并未完全覆盖可加工陶瓷基体表面，只是形成了部分膜层覆盖。
图3是表面处理前后，可加工陶瓷表面的红外光谱。从图3可以看出，可加工陶瓷中含有大量的金属氧化物，红外吸收峰主要集中在850～1 100 cm-1。表面经硅烷偶联剂KH-560或KH-570处理后出现了许多偶联剂特征峰，其中波数为2 927 cm-1、2 864 cm-1处对应偶联剂分子中-CH2-的不对称和对称伸缩振动峰[19]，1 716 cm-1处波峰归属偶联剂中 -C=O的振动峰，1 199 cm-1处波峰为C-O键的伸缩振动峰[20]，906 cm-1处波峰对应KH-560分子中C-O-C的对称伸缩振动峰，这些特征峰的出现表明在可加工陶瓷表面存在硅烷偶联剂KH-560或KH-570。此外，含氟硅烷处理后的可加工陶瓷表面没有出现明显的特征吸收峰，表明可加工陶瓷表面含氟硅烷覆盖量微少，符合表1中F元素含量的检测数据。
2.1.2 憎水性
材料表面的憎水性可以通过接触角来反映。接触角是指液滴在气、液、固三相接触的交接点处，沿气-液界面画切线，此切线与固-液界面之间的夹角（θ）。液滴平衡时，界面张力对液滴的相互作用合力为零，此时得到式（1）。
γ气-固=γ液-固+γ气-液cosθ
式（1）中：γ气-固为气、固之间的表面张力；γ液-固为液、固之间的表面张力；γ气-液为气、液之间的表面张力。
固、液接触时，体系表面自由能（ΔG）如式（2）所示。
ΔG=γ液-固体-γ气-液-γ气-固
将式（2）代入式（1）得出式（3）。
-ΔG=γ气-液+γ气-液cosθ=γ气-液（1+cosθ）
由式（3）可以看出，θ越小，-ΔG越大，润湿性越好。图4和表2为可加工陶瓷表面接触角测试结果。从图4和表2可以看出，可加工陶瓷表面未做处理时接触角只有9.2°，很容易被水浸润，表现出很强的亲水性。经有机硅烷处理后，可加工陶瓷表面的接触角提高到42.8°以上，甚至达80°以上，表面可加工陶瓷表面的憎水性逐渐增强。憎水性增强的主要原因是可加工陶瓷表面覆盖有部分甚至大量有机硅烷，硅烷分子的功能基团亲水性较差，尤其是含氟硅烷分子，分子中的C-F键键能大且稳定，水分子中的羟基很难与其成键，有机硅烷膜层表现出较好的憎水效果。
2.1.3 抗潮湿作用机理
表3为不同表面处理方法对可加工陶瓷吸湿率的影响。从表3可以看出，未处理的可加工陶瓷在温度为25℃、湿度为85%、吸湿时长为8 h的条件下，吸湿率为0.036%，表面KH-560或KH-570处理后的可加工陶瓷吸湿率降低到0.015%左右，降低了约58.3%，但经含氟硅烷处理后的可加工陶瓷吸湿率为0.021%，降低约41.7%。这说明硅烷类试剂可以不同程度地降低可加工陶瓷吸湿效果，这是由于硅烷膜层覆盖了陶瓷表面的孔隙、缺陷，隔绝了基体中硅、镁等元素与大气中的水汽接触。形成的膜层憎水性越好，可加工陶瓷的吸湿率越低。若膜层存在缺陷或覆盖不完全，如含氟硅烷处理的陶瓷表面，吸湿率将会受到一定程度的影响。
可加工陶瓷材料易吸潮主要是材料本身的因素以及表面易吸附水汽作用造成的。在可加工陶瓷材料表面构建一层有机硅烷膜后，可加工陶瓷的抗潮湿能力增强。结合扫描检测和性能分析结果，有机硅烷膜层（以KH-560为例）的抗潮湿作用机理（如图5所示）主要体现在：①有机硅烷膜可以有效覆盖陶瓷表面2～7 μm的微小孔隙或微裂纹，阻碍了环境中的水汽通过孔状通道吸附或进入到陶瓷基体内部，隔离了陶瓷基体中硅、镁等元素与水分子中羟基的接触，降低了陶瓷本身的吸潮现象；②有机硅烷膜本身属于憎水膜，水滴在其表面具有较大的接触角，降低了水滴对可加工陶瓷的浸润效果。综合以上两方面原因，表面处理后的可加工陶瓷表现出较好的抗潮湿性能。
2.1.4 粘接性能
考虑到可加工陶瓷需要使用环氧胶粘接刷丝和金属壳体，对表面处理后的可加工陶瓷圆片（φ=25 mm）使用高强度环氧胶粘接后，在万能试验机上进行拉伸破坏，研究表面处理方法对可加工陶瓷粘接性能的影响。
表4为不同表面处理后可加工陶瓷粘接性能的对比结果。从表4可以看出，表面经过KH-560处理后的可加工陶瓷粘接能力并未降低，粘接强度仍可达到31 MPa以上，破坏形式为陶瓷基体破裂。表面经过KH-570或含氟硅烷处理后，可加工陶瓷的粘接能力显著降低，尤其是经KH-570处理后，粘接强度只有2.5 MPa。粘接强度的大小与有机硅烷分子膜层的结构有关。KH-560膜层含有环氧基，可以与环氧胶中的环氧基在固化剂作用下发生交联固化，粘接能力得到增强[21-22]，但含氟硅烷或者KH-570膜层结构中没有与环氧胶发生反应的基团，粘接面处形成薄弱环节，在外力作用下首先发生界面脱粘。因此，KH-570和含氟硅烷表面处理方法不适用于精密输电装置的生产。
2.2 应用验证
2.2.1 膜层对刷丝装配的影响
陶瓷电刷架经KH-560处理后，在表面形成一层有机硅烷膜层。使用锐利刀片剖开陶瓷电刷架后，在扫描电子显微镜下观察截面情况，结果如图6所示。从图6可以看出，有机硅烷膜层与陶瓷基体相结构不同，二者之间界面分明，膜层密实且均匀，厚度为40 μm左右。因此，表面处理后的电刷架间隙变化为80 μm左右，小于0.1 mm，对后续刷丝的装配不会产生明显影响，并且增强了刷丝在电刷架上的粘接质量。
2.2.2 电刷架组合件在高湿度环境下的绝缘可靠性
选取10件电刷架组合件，其中5件未做表面处理，5件经过KH-560处理，在湿度为90%的环境下进行绝缘性能检测，检测结果如表5所示。
从表5可以看出，未经表面处理的电刷架因可加工陶瓷材料吸湿问题，电刷架对壳体以及刷间导通；经KH-560表面处理后，电刷架组合件即便在湿度为90%的环境下，在施加250 V电压时，电刷架间以及电刷架对壳体的绝缘电阻仍能达到220 MΩ以上。放置1年后，经检测，电刷架的绝缘电阻仍保持在220 MΩ以上，表明经表面处理后的电刷架组合件长时间放置后吸潮现象降低，具有较高的绝缘可靠性。
2.2.3 电刷架的挥发性检测
对KH-560处理后的电刷架，在100℃下恒温放置12 h，使用精密天平称量其加热前后的质量，相关检测结果如表6所示。从表6可以看出，KH-560处理后电刷架材料质量变化率为-0.040%～0.030%，可以认为电刷架表面基本无挥发性物质存在，满足精密输电装置对挥发物的控制要求，可应用于输电装置产品的生产过程。
3 结论
收起
（1）可加工陶瓷表面经KH-560处理后可以形成厚度为40 μm左右的憎水膜层，该膜层对水滴的接触角达到40°以上，并且对环氧胶的粘接强度没有影响。
（2）将KH-560处理方法应用于精密输电装置电刷架后，装配后的电刷架组件即使在湿度为90%环境下也不出现刷间或刷丝对金属壳体导通的情况，表现出较高的绝缘可靠性。
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2024年第57卷第11期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.11.014
  • 接收时间：2023-11-12
  • 首发时间：2025-12-24
  • 出版时间：2024-11-20
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  • 收稿日期：2023-11-12
  • 修回日期：2023-12-11
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    1北京航天控制仪器研究所，北京 100854
    2首都经济贸易大学，北京 100070
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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