Article(id=1210590157581980479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210590152548807015, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1694188800000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-09, revisedDate=1700668800000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766556785244, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1726761600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766556785244, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766556785244, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766556785244, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210590152548807015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2024', volume='57', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='165', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766556784044, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563998200, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210620410958312217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210590152548807015, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210620410958312218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210590152548807015, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=131, endPage=139, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210590157875581768, articleId=1210590157581980479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Research on internal defect detection and spectrum characteristics of epoxy resin composites based on ultrasonic reflection method, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites are widely used in electrical power equipment. However, due to their complex preparation process and multi-layered structure, internal defects are prone to be introduced during manufacture, which may lead to partial discharge and even breakdown under long-term high voltage operating condition. Early detection of these defects can significantly reduce the occurrence of failures. In this paper, an ultrasonic testing system for composite was established on the basis of ultrasonic reflection method, and various plate samples of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites containing artificial crack, delamination, and metal impurity defect were prepared on the basis of vacuum assisted resin infusion molding method. Ultrasonic testing and spectral analysis were then conducted on these defect-containing plate samples. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the ultrasonic reflection waveforms for different defects of samples. By transforming the ultrasonic echoes into frequency spectra, the normalized spectral characteristic curves are obtained, and different types of defects can be identified by calculating the characteristic values from these curves. The characteristic value of the sample with crack defect is the smallest, and the characteristic value of the sample with delamination defect is the largest.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lixiang LÜ, Zhuoran YANG, Jian LIU, Xuanpei ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210590165605683342, articleId=1210590157581980479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=基于超声反射法的环氧树脂复合材料内部缺陷检测与频谱分析研究, columnId=1192878364483531003, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=测试与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

纤维增强树脂基复合材料被广泛地应用在电力设备中,其涉及多层介质,结构复杂,内部易产生缺陷,在长期电场作用下会引发局部放电甚至绝缘击穿。对绝缘内部缺陷进行早期检测,可以有效减少事故的发生。本文基于超声反射法搭建了复合材料超声检测系统,基于真空树脂传递模塑法人工制备了含裂纹、分层和金属杂质缺陷的玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料平板试样,然后分别对含缺陷的平板试样进行超声检测与频谱分析。结果表明:不同种类缺陷试样的超声反射波形存在明显差异。通过对超声回波进行频谱变换,得出归一化频谱特性曲线,根据曲线计算特征值可以实现对不同形态缺陷的识别。其中裂纹缺陷试样的特征值最小,分层缺陷试样的特征值最大。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨卓然(1990-),男(汉族),江苏徐州人,高级工程师,主要从事电缆绝缘研究、新材料研发,故障试验及检测、电缆智能设备及本体运行维护等工作。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=5eozdHfzw0qznGmQNR6dTw==, magXml=+ocSt57VtVKvZ+73tmmgqQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=gB8OicdTiVVU7xoDJvieUg==, pdfFileSize=3134038, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3DVBG3zutSqU2oSmQU7Z7w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=3mQS5UGq7jryt/KESqSNtQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吕立翔(1983-),男(汉族),江苏南京人,高级工程师,主要从事电缆绝缘研究、故障试验、运行维护等工作。

, authorsList=吕立翔, 杨卓然, 刘剑, 朱炫培)}, authors=[Author(id=1218262750002856882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1218262750099325883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, authorId=1218262750002856882, language=EN, stringName=Lixiang LÜ, firstName=Lixiang, middleName=null, lastName=LÜ, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company, Nanjing 210000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1218262750179017661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, authorId=1218262750002856882, language=CN, stringName=吕立翔, firstName=立翔, middleName=null, lastName=吕, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=国网南京供电公司,江苏 南京 210000, bio={"content":"

吕立翔(1983-),男(汉族),江苏南京人,高级工程师,主要从事电缆绝缘研究、故障试验、运行维护等工作。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

吕立翔(1983-),男(汉族),江苏南京人,高级工程师,主要从事电缆绝缘研究、故障试验、运行维护等工作。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218262749868639144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218262749872833449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, companyId=1218262749868639144, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company, Nanjing 210000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218262749885416363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, companyId=1218262749868639144, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网南京供电公司,江苏 南京 210000)])]), Author(id=1218262750275486658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1218262750376149962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, authorId=1218262750275486658, language=EN, stringName=Zhuoran YANG, firstName=Zhuoran, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company, Nanjing 210000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1218262750506173395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, authorId=1218262750275486658, language=CN, stringName=杨卓然, firstName=卓然, middleName=null, lastName=杨, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=国网南京供电公司,江苏 南京 210000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218262749868639144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218262749872833449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, companyId=1218262749868639144, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company, Nanjing 210000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218262749885416363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, companyId=1218262749868639144, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网南京供电公司,江苏 南京 210000)])]), Author(id=1218262750594253782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1218262750678139871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, authorId=1218262750594253782, language=EN, stringName=Jian LIU, firstName=Jian, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company, Nanjing 210000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1218262750787191783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, authorId=1218262750594253782, language=CN, stringName=刘剑, firstName=剑, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=国网南京供电公司,江苏 南京 210000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218262749868639144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218262749872833449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, companyId=1218262749868639144, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company, Nanjing 210000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218262749885416363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, companyId=1218262749868639144, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网南京供电公司,江苏 南京 210000)])]), Author(id=1218262750883660783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1218262751017878523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, authorId=1218262750883660783, language=EN, stringName=Xuanpei ZHU, firstName=Xuanpei, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company, Nanjing 210000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1218262751110153216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, authorId=1218262750883660783, language=CN, stringName=朱炫培, firstName=炫培, middleName=null, lastName=朱, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=国网南京供电公司,江苏 南京 210000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218262749868639144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218262749872833449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, companyId=1218262749868639144, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company, Nanjing 210000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218262749885416363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, companyId=1218262749868639144, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网南京供电公司,江苏 南京 210000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1218262751315673103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=epoxy resin composites), Keyword(id=1218262751395364884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=ultrasonic reflection method), Keyword(id=1218262751491833881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=waveform characteristic analysis), Keyword(id=1218262751584108579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=spectrum transformation), Keyword(id=1218262751676383273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=defect recognition), Keyword(id=1218262751760269359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=环氧树脂复合材料), Keyword(id=1218262751835766837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=超声反射法), Keyword(id=1218262751923847226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=回波分析), Keyword(id=1218262752003539007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=频谱变换), Keyword(id=1218262752091619397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=缺陷识别)], refs=[Reference(id=1218262756181066060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=25, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=凡丽梅, 王从科, 赵付宝, journalName=无损探伤, refType=null, unstructuredReference=凡丽梅,王从科,赵付宝,等.玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料内部缺陷的超声成像检测[J].无损探伤,2014,38(3):25-27., articleTitle=玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料内部缺陷的超声成像检测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262756281729360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=25, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=FANL M, WANGC K, ZHAOF B, journalName=Nondestructive Inspection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANL M, WANGC K, ZHAOF B, et al. Ultrasonic imaging detection of internal defects in glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composites[J]. Nondestructive Inspection, 2014,38(3):25-27., articleTitle=Ultrasonic imaging detection of internal defects in glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composites, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262756361421140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=33, issue=8, pageStart=88, pageEnd=91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=张平, 龙玉成, 孙清, journalName=电力建设, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张平,龙玉成,孙清,等.E玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料输电杆塔拉杆的疲劳性能试验[J].电力建设,2012,33(8):88-91., articleTitle=E玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料输电杆塔拉杆的疲劳性能试验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262756478861662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=33, issue=8, pageStart=88, pageEnd=91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=ZHANGP, LONGY C, SUNQ, journalName=Electric Power Construction, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANGP, LONGY C, SUNQ, et al. Experimental study of fatigue performance of E-glass fiber/epoxy reinforced polymer in transmission tower bars[J]. Electric Power Construction,2012,33(8):88-91., articleTitle=Experimental study of fatigue performance of E-glass fiber/epoxy reinforced polymer in transmission tower bars, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262756562747746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=53, issue=2, pageStart=71, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=颜丙越, 张卓, 杨威, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=颜丙越,张卓,杨威,等.高压绝缘拉杆真空压力浸渍成型工艺研究[J].绝缘材料,2020,53(2):71-75., articleTitle=高压绝缘拉杆真空压力浸渍成型工艺研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262756634050919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=53, issue=2, pageStart=71, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=YANB Y, ZHANGZ, YANGW, journalName=Insulating Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANB Y, ZHANGZ, YANGW, et al. Research on VPI forming process of high voltage insulated pull rod[J]. Insulating Materials, 2020,53(2):71-75., articleTitle=Research on VPI forming process of high voltage insulated pull rod, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262756713742703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=冯昌辉, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯昌辉.玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂绝缘材料老化特性及影响因素研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2022., articleTitle=玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂绝缘材料老化特性及影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262756793434484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=FENGC H, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENGC H. Study on the aging characteristics and influencing factors of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin insulation materials[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2022., articleTitle=Study on the aging characteristics and influencing factors of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin insulation materials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262756919263611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=65, pageEnd=67, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=张养库, 杜超云, 史明, journalName=电工材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张养库,杜超云,史明,等.高压开关设备用固体绝缘材料综述[J].电工材料,2022(5):65-67., articleTitle=高压开关设备用固体绝缘材料综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262756994761087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=65, pageEnd=67, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=ZHANGY K, DUC Y, SHIM, journalName=Electrical Engineering Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANGY K, DUC Y, SHIM, et al. Summary of solid insulating materials for high voltage switchgear[J]. Electrical Engineering Materials,2022(5):65-67., articleTitle=Summary of solid insulating materials for high voltage switchgear, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262757061869952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=47, issue=20, pageStart=123, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=孟祥福, 陈美玉, 明璐, journalName=热加工工艺, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孟祥福,陈美玉,明璐.RTM工艺参数对复合材料缺陷控制的影响[J].热加工工艺,2018,47(20):123-125., articleTitle=RTM工艺参数对复合材料缺陷控制的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262758383075721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=47, issue=20, pageStart=123, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=MENGX F, CHENM Y, MINGL, journalName=Hot Working Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENGX F, CHENM Y, MINGL. Influence of RTM process parameters on defects of composites[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2018,47(20):123-125., articleTitle=Influence of RTM process parameters on defects of composites, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262758500516237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=56, issue=10, pageStart=12, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=李阳, 李凌, 张晓林, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李阳,李凌,张晓林,等.基于声、光、热特性的绝缘子新型无损检测方法综述[J].绝缘材料,2023,56(10):12-21., articleTitle=基于声、光、热特性的绝缘子新型无损检测方法综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262758630539669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=56, issue=10, pageStart=12, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=LIY, LIL, ZHANGX L, journalName=Insulating Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIY, LIL, ZHANGX L, et al. Review of new nondestructive testing methods based on acoustic, optical, and thermal characteristics for insulators[J]. Insulating Materials,2023,56(10):12-21., articleTitle=Review of new nondestructive testing methods based on acoustic, optical, and thermal characteristics for insulators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262758743785880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=104, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=HAOY P, WANGG L, JIAZ D, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAOY P, WANGG L, JIAZ D. Application of ultrasonic pulse-echo method to insulation condition diagnosis for large generators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2005,12(1):104-113., articleTitle=Application of ultrasonic pulse-echo method to insulation condition diagnosis for large generators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262758840254878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=136, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=15, authorNames=张全利, 曾加恒, 杨振, journalName=机械制造与自动化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张全利,曾加恒,杨振,等.碳纤维复合材料缺陷的超声检测及材料力学性能仿真研究[J].机械制造与自动化,2022,51(1):136-141., articleTitle=碳纤维复合材料缺陷的超声检测及材料力学性能仿真研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262758932529572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=136, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=ZHANGQ L, ZENGJ H, YANGZ, journalName=Machine Building & Automation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANGQ L, ZENGJ H, YANGZ, et al. Ultrasonic detection of defects and simulation of mechanical properties for carbon fiber composites[J]. Machine Building & Automation,2022,51(1):136-141., articleTitle=Ultrasonic detection of defects and simulation of mechanical properties for carbon fiber composites, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262759079330216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=134, issue=null, pageStart=845, pageEnd=853, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=17, authorNames=MEOLAC, BOCCARDIS, CARLOMAGNOG M, journalName=Composite Structures, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MEOLAC, BOCCARDIS, CARLOMAGNOG M, et al. Nondestructive evaluation of carbon fibre reinforced composites with infrared thermography and ultrasonics[J]. Composite Structures,2015,134:845-853., articleTitle=Nondestructive evaluation of carbon fibre reinforced composites with infrared thermography and ultrasonics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262759200965038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=11, issue=14, pageStart=6614, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=18, authorNames=HANZ Q, JEONGS, JANGJ W, journalName=Applied Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HANZ Q, JEONGS, JANGJ W, et al. Ultrasonic attenuation characteristics of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer hull structure[J]. Applied Sciences,2021,11(14):6614., articleTitle=Ultrasonic attenuation characteristics of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer hull structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262759326794166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=1330, pageEnd=1335, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=陈贤洮, 邓燕燕, 任文坚, journalName=机械强度, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈贤洮,邓燕燕,任文坚.碳纤维复合材料孔隙率的超声评价方法研究[J].机械强度,2018,40(6):1330-1335., articleTitle=碳纤维复合材料孔隙率的超声评价方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262759414874553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=40, issue=6, pageStart=1330, pageEnd=1335, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=20, authorNames=CHENX T, DENGY Y, RENW J, journalName=Journal of Mechanical Strength, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENX T, DENGY Y, RENW J. Study on ultrasonic evaluation method of the porosity in carbon fiber composite material[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2018,40(6):1330-1335., articleTitle=Study on ultrasonic evaluation method of the porosity in carbon fiber composite material, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262759502954943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=21, authorNames=程建楠, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程建楠.纤维增强复合材料空气耦合超声成像检测方法与系统研究[D].太原:中北大学,2018., articleTitle=纤维增强复合材料空气耦合超声成像检测方法与系统研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262759641366981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=22, authorNames=CHENGJ N, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENGJ N. Study on the method and system of air coupledultrasonic imaging for fiber reinforced composite[D]. Taiyuan: North University of China,2018., articleTitle=Study on the method and system of air coupledultrasonic imaging for fiber reinforced composite, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262759897219533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=143, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=23, authorNames=贺玲凤, journalName=声弹性技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=贺玲凤.声弹性技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:143., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262760018854357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=143, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=24, authorNames=HEL F, journalName=Acoustoelastic Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HEL F. Acoustoelastic Technology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2002:143., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262760106934748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=郝艳捧, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郝艳捧.基于低频超声反射法检测技术的大电机主绝缘状态诊断和寿命评估[D].西安:西安交通大学,2003., articleTitle=基于低频超声反射法检测技术的大电机主绝缘状态诊断和寿命评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262760195015140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=26, authorNames=HAOY P, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAOY P. Assessment of insulation condition and reliable life of large generator stator insulation based on low-frequency ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques[D]. Xi′an: Xi′an Jiaotong University,2003., articleTitle=Assessment of insulation condition and reliable life of large generator stator insulation based on low-frequency ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262760304067051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=49, issue=2, pageStart=149, pageEnd=157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=27, authorNames=曹弘毅, 马蒙源, 丁国强, journalName=材料工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹弘毅,马蒙源,丁国强,等.复合材料层压板分层缺陷超声相控阵检测与评估[J].材料工程,2021,49(2):149-157., articleTitle=复合材料层压板分层缺陷超声相控阵检测与评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262760400536046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=49, issue=2, pageStart=149, pageEnd=157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=CAOH Y, MAM Y, DINGG Q, journalName=Journal of Materials Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAOH Y, MAM Y, DINGG Q, et al. Delamination defects testing and evaluation of composite laminates using phased array ultrasonic technique[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering,2021,49(2):149-157., articleTitle=Delamination defects testing and evaluation of composite laminates using phased array ultrasonic technique, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262760509587955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=70, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=陆铭慧, 王俊东, 张毅萍, journalName=玻璃钢/复合材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陆铭慧,王俊东,张毅萍,等.RTM碳纤维复合材料宏观缺陷超声表征及分析[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2017(4):70-74., articleTitle=RTM碳纤维复合材料宏观缺陷超声表征及分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262760585085433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=70, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=30, authorNames=LUM H, WANGJ D, ZHANGY P, journalName=Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUM H, WANGJ D, ZHANGY P, et al. Ultrasonic characterization and analysis of macroscopic defects in RTM carbon fiber composites[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2017(4): 70-74., articleTitle=Ultrasonic characterization and analysis of macroscopic defects in RTM carbon fiber composites, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262760689943037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=31, authorNames=吴晓红, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴晓红.整体化复合材料结构的超声相控阵检测技术[D].杭州:浙江大学,2022., articleTitle=整体化复合材料结构的超声相控阵检测技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262760790606339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=32, authorNames=WUX H, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WUX H. Ultrasonic phased array inspection technology for integrated composite structures[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2022., articleTitle=Ultrasonic phased array inspection technology for integrated composite structures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262760899658249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=7, pageStart=55, pageEnd=59, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=33, authorNames=徐莹, 刘春秘, 辛运涛, journalName=无损检测, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐莹,刘春秘,辛运涛,等.含超材料的结构功能一体化复合材料的超声检测[J].无损检测,2022,44(7):55-59., articleTitle=含超材料的结构功能一体化复合材料的超声检测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262761000321547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=7, pageStart=55, pageEnd=59, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=34, authorNames=XUY, LIUC M, XINY T, journalName=Nondestructive Testing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XUY, LIUC M, XINY T, et al. Ultrasonic detection of incorporation of structure and function composite with metamaterials[J]. Nondestructive Testing,2022,44(7):55-59., articleTitle=Ultrasonic detection of incorporation of structure and function composite with metamaterials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262761075819028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=52, issue=4, pageStart=145, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=35, authorNames=申巍, 孟永鹏, 菅永锋, journalName=高压电器, refType=null, unstructuredReference=申巍,孟永鹏,菅永锋,等.固体绝缘材料内部缺陷形貌的超声检测研究[J].高压电器,2016,52(4):145-151., articleTitle=固体绝缘材料内部缺陷形貌的超声检测研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218262761147122197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=52, issue=4, pageStart=145, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=36, authorNames=SHENW, MENGY P, JIANY F, journalName=High Voltage Apparatus, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHENW, MENGY P, JIANY F, et al. Study on ultrasonic detection for internal defects appearance of solid insulation materials[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(4):145-151., articleTitle=Study on ultrasonic detection for internal defects appearance of solid insulation materials, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218262755954573631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, awardId=5200-202311159A-1-1-ZN, language=CN, fundingSource=国家电网公司总部科技项目(5200-202311159A-1-1-ZN), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218262749868639144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218262749872833449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, companyId=1218262749868639144, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company, Nanjing 210000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218262749885416363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, companyId=1218262749868639144, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=国网南京供电公司,江苏 南京 210000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1218262752280363092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of ultrasonic detection principle, figureFileSmall=mfGEaPKPIGnZBqYz+0kGzQ==, figureFileBig=1iYyDUcOiGFPS78fYR0EkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262752351666265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图1, caption=超声检测反射原理示意图, figureFileSmall=mfGEaPKPIGnZBqYz+0kGzQ==, figureFileBig=1iYyDUcOiGFPS78fYR0EkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262752473301085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram of the detection system based on ultrasonic reflection method, figureFileSmall=R4dFcup5IXGL0oaKq4YuKg==, figureFileBig=mhC7V/94H8LPVHppux6+MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262752557187170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于超声反射法的检测系统示意图, figureFileSmall=R4dFcup5IXGL0oaKq4YuKg==, figureFileBig=mhC7V/94H8LPVHppux6+MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262752657850473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Double crystal probe principle diagram, figureFileSmall=GIrCcFbAJI6Cf/6a9LT0/g==, figureFileBig=PumzTIdgD0iyqoJ3npcEFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262752750125166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图3, caption=双晶探头原理示意图, figureFileSmall=GIrCcFbAJI6Cf/6a9LT0/g==, figureFileBig=PumzTIdgD0iyqoJ3npcEFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262752838205556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Cross section diagram of sample 1, figureFileSmall=o4m6zZG2dbX8tVBrEg1j2g==, figureFileBig=baLIPYLgkVnbsCXQLJfqkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262753001783423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图4, caption=1号试样截面示意图, figureFileSmall=o4m6zZG2dbX8tVBrEg1j2g==, figureFileBig=baLIPYLgkVnbsCXQLJfqkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262753148584068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cross section diagram of sample 2, figureFileSmall=DtR+86HqS/wuDvFy/tb+5g==, figureFileBig=TS1iFdA5qfz88GcRdVtpjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262753236664460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图5, caption=2号试样截面示意图, figureFileSmall=DtR+86HqS/wuDvFy/tb+5g==, figureFileBig=TS1iFdA5qfz88GcRdVtpjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262753391853717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Cross section diagram of sample 3, figureFileSmall=opx+3f3ZlW5eEr0KhyGIWQ==, figureFileBig=IWe86zEm9yJfNXjbDJmAOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262753509294238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图6, caption=3号试样截面示意图, figureFileSmall=opx+3f3ZlW5eEr0KhyGIWQ==, figureFileBig=IWe86zEm9yJfNXjbDJmAOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262753647706278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Ultrasonic testing waveform of sample without defects, figureFileSmall=flHjUagujXv8/1UydOt4lg==, figureFileBig=BqDQ0ol6kyiRKBXrq5PNpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262753748369580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图7, caption=试样无缺陷处超声检测波形图, figureFileSmall=flHjUagujXv8/1UydOt4lg==, figureFileBig=BqDQ0ol6kyiRKBXrq5PNpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262753840644276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Ultrasonic testing waveform of sample 1, figureFileSmall=0FyOGwWXpom4965yOEwA4Q==, figureFileBig=zZ2b0VLVxzARL6coQ5VReA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262753966473407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图8, caption=1号试样超声检测波形图, figureFileSmall=0FyOGwWXpom4965yOEwA4Q==, figureFileBig=zZ2b0VLVxzARL6coQ5VReA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262754067136711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Ultrasonic testing waveform of sample 2, figureFileSmall=S0IIiKbafE79eww+YWO9OQ==, figureFileBig=vhMd4jn095YhmnaeI1GwYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262754167800013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图9, caption=2号试样超声检测波形图, figureFileSmall=S0IIiKbafE79eww+YWO9OQ==, figureFileBig=vhMd4jn095YhmnaeI1GwYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262754390098131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Ultrasonic testing waveform of sample 3, figureFileSmall=rcuk6IykY5B7q59qZsKW1Q==, figureFileBig=XC/40mm5lO1tDzdUd7O4NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262754503344347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图10, caption=3号试样超声检测波形图, figureFileSmall=rcuk6IykY5B7q59qZsKW1Q==, figureFileBig=XC/40mm5lO1tDzdUd7O4NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262754616590564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Normalized spectrogram of sample 1, figureFileSmall=bw7WuC5/6nNsu0pnzXyGvg==, figureFileBig=omCNv6CoqqYnqZV714voBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262754708865260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图11, caption=1号试样归一化频谱图, figureFileSmall=bw7WuC5/6nNsu0pnzXyGvg==, figureFileBig=omCNv6CoqqYnqZV714voBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262754805334263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Normalized spectrogram of sample 2, figureFileSmall=OHMA7DX2aVc581L4FlDMqw==, figureFileBig=ko6rMZAEgbMuUb8Tuk+yZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262754893414655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图12, caption=2号试样归一化频谱图, figureFileSmall=OHMA7DX2aVc581L4FlDMqw==, figureFileBig=ko6rMZAEgbMuUb8Tuk+yZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262754998272260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Normalized spectrogram of sample 3, figureFileSmall=WqwjeUaVPcavQwWtTB2oig==, figureFileBig=kmScdr4Bgwy3s+Sa+opUng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262755178627338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=图13, caption=3号试样归一化频谱图, figureFileSmall=WqwjeUaVPcavQwWtTB2oig==, figureFileBig=kmScdr4Bgwy3s+Sa+opUng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218262755258319123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Acoustic parameters of different materials, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料密度/(kg/m3)声速/(m/s)波长/mm声阻抗/(×106 kg/(m2·s))
环氧复合材料2 5403 6181.447 29.189 72
8 9004 7001.8841.83
空气1.293301.320.000 425 7
), ArticleFig(id=1218262755342205206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同材料的声学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料密度/(kg/m3)声速/(m/s)波长/mm声阻抗/(×106 kg/(m2·s))
环氧复合材料2 5403 6181.447 29.189 72
8 9004 7001.8841.83
空气1.293301.320.000 425 7
), ArticleFig(id=1218262755426091295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Sample number and summary of its basic information, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号缺陷类型引入物质尺寸/mm试样厚度/mm
1裂纹气孔直径0.8、1.05
2分层中空双层聚四氟乙烯薄膜20×205
3金属杂质铜颗粒1×1×15
), ArticleFig(id=1218262755509977380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试样编号及其基本信息总结

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号缺陷类型引入物质尺寸/mm试样厚度/mm
1裂纹气孔直径0.8、1.05
2分层中空双层聚四氟乙烯薄膜20×205
3金属杂质铜颗粒1×1×15
), ArticleFig(id=1218262755640000813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Eigenvalues of different defects, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号缺陷类型缺陷处特征值
1裂纹0.631 0
2分层1.304 8
3金属杂质1.129 1
), ArticleFig(id=1218262755723886898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590157581980479, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同缺陷的特征值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号缺陷类型缺陷处特征值
1裂纹0.631 0
2分层1.304 8
3金属杂质1.129 1
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146437660891000859, delFlag=0, nameCn=绝缘材料, nameEn=Insulating Materials, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1009-9239, eissn=null, cn=45-1287/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=CC BY-NC-ND, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=To3JhdgsOj1Q7eh5WnUN1g==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751261638140, updatedTime=1761735740591, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=I, firstLetterEn=I, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=Natural Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=To3JhdgsOj1Q7eh5WnUN1g==, picEn=O7zoVkJ9hJoi8iGUSQYTxg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369230903152828, language=CN, name=绝缘材料, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735740638, updatedTime=1761735740638, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369230945095869, language=EN, name=Insulating Materials, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735740648, updatedTime=1761735740648, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149653034449285133, websiteList=[Website(id=1189939819993166814, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149653034449285133, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761633361099, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761633401425, updateBy=18614031015, name=绝缘材料-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=绝缘材料, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189940292275991527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761633473700, updateTime=1761633473700, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292250825700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761633473694, updateTime=1761633473694, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292301157354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633473706, updateTime=1761633473706, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292238242787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/file/pic?fileId=MyqZAHzZT6tMetr2hjDKLQ==, createTime=1761633473691, updateTime=1761633473691, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292322128876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633473711, updateTime=1761633473711, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292267602918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761633473698, updateTime=1761633473698, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292309545963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633473708, updateTime=1761633473708, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292259214309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761633473696, updateTime=1761633473696, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292284380136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761633473702, updateTime=1761633473702, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292292768745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761633473704, updateTime=1761633473704, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189939820060275680, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149653034449285133, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761633361115, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761633397117, updateBy=18614031015, name=绝缘材料-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Insulating Materials, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189940323548722161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761633481156, updateTime=1761633481156, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323519362030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761633481149, updateTime=1761633481149, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323569693684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633481161, updateTime=1761633481161, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323506779117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN/file/pic?fileId=MyqZAHzZT6tMetr2hjDKLQ==, createTime=1761633481146, updateTime=1761633481146, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323586470902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633481165, updateTime=1761633481165, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323540333552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761633481154, updateTime=1761633481154, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323578082293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633481163, updateTime=1761633481163, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323531944943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761633481152, updateTime=1761633481152, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323557110770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761633481158, updateTime=1761633481158, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323565499379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761633481160, updateTime=1761633481160, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=绝缘材料, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.insulation.org.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Insulating Materials, journalPhotoCn=To3JhdgsOj1Q7eh5WnUN1g==, journalPhotoEn=O7zoVkJ9hJoi8iGUSQYTxg==, journalFirstLetter=I, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.014, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.014, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/PDF/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.014, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN/PDF/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.014, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于超声反射法的环氧树脂复合材料内部缺陷检测与频谱分析研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
吕立翔 , 杨卓然 , 刘剑 , 朱炫培
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2024,57(9): 131-139
收起
收藏切换
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2024, 57(9): 131-139
基于超声反射法的环氧树脂复合材料内部缺陷检测与频谱分析研究
全屏
吕立翔, 杨卓然, 刘剑, 朱炫培
作者信息
  • 国网南京供电公司,江苏 南京 210000
  • 吕立翔(1983-),男(汉族),江苏南京人,高级工程师,主要从事电缆绝缘研究、故障试验、运行维护等工作。

通讯作者:

杨卓然(1990-),男(汉族),江苏徐州人,高级工程师,主要从事电缆绝缘研究、新材料研发,故障试验及检测、电缆智能设备及本体运行维护等工作。
Research on internal defect detection and spectrum characteristics of epoxy resin composites based on ultrasonic reflection method
Lixiang LÜ, Zhuoran YANG, Jian LIU, Xuanpei ZHU
Affiliations
  • State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company, Nanjing 210000, China
出版时间: 2024-09-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.014
文章导航
收藏切换

纤维增强树脂基复合材料被广泛地应用在电力设备中,其涉及多层介质,结构复杂,内部易产生缺陷,在长期电场作用下会引发局部放电甚至绝缘击穿。对绝缘内部缺陷进行早期检测,可以有效减少事故的发生。本文基于超声反射法搭建了复合材料超声检测系统,基于真空树脂传递模塑法人工制备了含裂纹、分层和金属杂质缺陷的玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料平板试样,然后分别对含缺陷的平板试样进行超声检测与频谱分析。结果表明:不同种类缺陷试样的超声反射波形存在明显差异。通过对超声回波进行频谱变换,得出归一化频谱特性曲线,根据曲线计算特征值可以实现对不同形态缺陷的识别。其中裂纹缺陷试样的特征值最小,分层缺陷试样的特征值最大。

环氧树脂复合材料  /  超声反射法  /  回波分析  /  频谱变换  /  缺陷识别

Fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites are widely used in electrical power equipment. However, due to their complex preparation process and multi-layered structure, internal defects are prone to be introduced during manufacture, which may lead to partial discharge and even breakdown under long-term high voltage operating condition. Early detection of these defects can significantly reduce the occurrence of failures. In this paper, an ultrasonic testing system for composite was established on the basis of ultrasonic reflection method, and various plate samples of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites containing artificial crack, delamination, and metal impurity defect were prepared on the basis of vacuum assisted resin infusion molding method. Ultrasonic testing and spectral analysis were then conducted on these defect-containing plate samples. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the ultrasonic reflection waveforms for different defects of samples. By transforming the ultrasonic echoes into frequency spectra, the normalized spectral characteristic curves are obtained, and different types of defects can be identified by calculating the characteristic values from these curves. The characteristic value of the sample with crack defect is the smallest, and the characteristic value of the sample with delamination defect is the largest.

epoxy resin composites  /  ultrasonic reflection method  /  waveform characteristic analysis  /  spectrum transformation  /  defect recognition
吕立翔, 杨卓然, 刘剑, 朱炫培. 基于超声反射法的环氧树脂复合材料内部缺陷检测与频谱分析研究. 绝缘材料, 2024 , 57 (9) : 131 -139 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.014
Lixiang LÜ, Zhuoran YANG, Jian LIU, Xuanpei ZHU. Research on internal defect detection and spectrum characteristics of epoxy resin composites based on ultrasonic reflection method[J]. Insulating Materials, 2024 , 57 (9) : 131 -139 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.014
纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(fiber reinforced polymers,FRP)以其优异的绝缘性能、比强度和耐疲劳等性能在电力领域有着广泛的应用,其在输电杆塔、GIS绝缘拉杆、绝缘筒等关键电力部件中起着到至关重要的作用[1-5]。该种复合材料一般采用真空树脂传递模塑法(vacuum assisted resin infusion molding,VRTM)制备,由于特殊的固化过程、纤维和基体之间的兼容性差等原因,容易在其内部形成孔隙及分层等微小缺陷[6],这些微小缺陷在长期服役过程中由于振动、冲击和疲劳等因素影响不断扩大,最终可能导致材料发生破坏性损伤,使设备发生故障,给工程带来重大安全隐患或经济损失。因此在电力设备服役前对复合材料进行有效探伤,防止其“带病入网”对于电力系统的安全稳定运行具有至关重要的意义。
超声检测作为一种无损检测方法,具有设备简单、操作方便、检测效率高、无污染等优点,超声回波携带了很多材料信息,如材料结构、均匀性、内部缺陷或局部放电以及劣化情况等,因此可以应用于环氧树脂复合材料的无损检测[7-10]
HAN Z Q等[11]基于超声反射法研究了不同玻璃含量(Gc)和层板厚度的GFRP试样的超声衰减特性,研究表明层板厚度变化比Gc含量变化对衰减特性的影响更大,Gc含量的增加会增强超声波的散射,但不会显著影响衰减系数。陈贤洮等[12]以热压成型的碳纤维单向增强复合材料为检测对象,利用超声衰减法和非线性超声检测方法对3种孔隙率不同的试样进行对比试验,结果表明超声相对非线性系数β与衰减系数α均能够表征碳纤维复合材料孔隙率的大小,但非线性超声检测法比传统超声衰减法更具优势。不足之处是对碳纤维复合材料孔隙率非线性超声响应模型的分析未考虑孔隙长度和宽度的影响。程建楠[13]在尺寸为100 mm× 100 mm× 4 mm的纤维增强复合材料试样中部和表面分别模拟了分层缺陷,基于空气耦合超声法,采用400 kHz探头进行了步进为0.5 mm的超声C扫描检测。结果表明,以0.5 mm为步进检测时,识别精度极限在1 mm左右,且识别结果比实际结果大约1 mm,在缺陷边界有一定的检测误差。空气耦合超声法在检测过程中不需要施加耦合剂,可实现非接触式的无损检测。但其缺陷设置种类过少,无法证明其普适性并且无法进行缺陷识别。
目前,超声检测方法用于材料缺陷检测领域的研究与应用已经取得了一定的进展,然而对于纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料内部典型缺陷超声波形的基本形态及超声频谱特性的研究还不够深入,还需要对不同种类的缺陷进行准确识别,并且需要探索更加精确的定量检测方法,以提高检测的准确度,摆脱定性检测的限制。本文基于超声反射法搭建了纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料超声检测系统,通过人工制作试样模拟缺陷,研究不同种类、大小、位置缺陷的波形特征及频谱特性,从而得到分析和识别纤维增强环氧复合材料内部典型缺陷的超声检测方法。
超声波是一种弹性波,其在均匀介质中传播时可以通过一系列波动特性参数来描述。基于固体介质的运动微分方程和胡克定律,可以推导出声波在无限大固体弹性介质中的波动方程[14-15],表达式如式(1)所示。
ρ2ut2=λ+μex+μ2uρ2vt2=λ+μey+μ2vρ2wt2=λ+μez+μ2w
式(1)中:uvw分别为微元在xyz三个正交方向的位移;ρ为固体介质的密度;μ为固体介质的剪切模量;λ为拉姆达常数;∇2为拉普拉斯运算符。μλ可由介质的杨氏弹性模量E和泊松比ε计算,计算式如式(2)所示。
λ=Εε1+ε1-2εμ=Ε21+ε
式(1)式(2)可知,ρεE等物理特性决定了超声波在固体介质内部的传播特性。若忽略弹性动力学边界的影响,超声纵波在无限大各向同性均匀弹性体内传播时,纵波声速与弹性体特征参数的关系见式(3)
cL=Ερ1-ε1+ε1-2ε
式(3)中,cL为弹性体内的超声纵波声速,对特定弹性体或弹性体内某个质点来说,声速仅取决于弹性体的ρEε
Eε的大小均与ρ相关,由此可知弹性体内纵波声速与密度存在对应关系,本文构建声速与密度函数关系式,如式(4)所示。
cL=fρ
式(4)中,f(ρ)表示弹性体内纵波声速-密度的映射关系,它们仅与弹性体的自身特征有关。
超声波长是指超声波在介质中传播时一个完整波形的长度,其计算公式如式(5)所示。
λL=cLf
式(5)中:λL表示弹性体内纵波波长;f为超声探头频率;cL为弹性体内的超声纵波声速。
声阻抗指介质中某一质点的声压P与该处质点振动速度V之比,是描述介质传播声波特性的一个物理量,它表征在超声场中介质对质点振动速度的阻力,其计算公式如式(6)所示。超声波在两种介质组成的边界面上的反射和透射情况与两种介质的声阻抗密切相关16
Z=PV=ρcLVV=ρcL
式(6)中,Z为介质的声阻抗,kg/(m2·s)。
利用以上公式计算得出在本文所使用的探头情况下玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料、铜金属、空气等材料的基本声学参数,总结如表1所示。
超声检测的基本工作原理如图1所示。声源产生的超声波进入被测工件内部,如果工件存在缺陷,这个缺陷与工件本体之间会形成一个交界面,当超声波遇到交界面时,由于声阻抗不同,超声波会发生反射和透射,形成与缺陷取向、大小及声阻抗相关的信号,这些信号反映了缺陷的性质,接收这些超声波信号并进行分析,就可以得知工件内部的缺陷情况。
超声检测系统由超声仪、超声探头、示波器、计算机、耦合剂和载物台等组成。通过协调各部分的工作,能够实现对复合材料的超声扫描,经过数据处理后将实时波形和分析结果显示在计算机界面,其示意图如图2所示。
由于医用超声耦合剂的黏稠性适宜,无油腻性,使探头易于滑动且能够紧密贴合试样表面,检测效果最好,故在探头和试样之间均匀涂抹医用超声耦合剂以隔绝空气;载物台用来放置和固定待测试样。
检测系统采用CTS-23超声仪,其接收到的信号是经过电路对原始信号进行处理后的超声波形,为了得到超声原始波形,将BNC一分二转接口总端与超声仪接收通道相连,将示波器接收端口与BNC转接口某一分口相连,使示波器与超声仪建立连接,同时示波器与计算机通过双USB数据线相连,即可在计算机屏幕上实时观测携带最多缺陷信息的超声原始传播波形。该超声仪以A扫描波形显示检测结果。
检测系统采用双晶超声探头附加延时块以提高检测精度,如图3所示。双晶探头主要由发射晶片、接收晶片、隔声层和延时块构成,其型号命名规则如下,以2.5P14FG5为例,其中2.5表示中心谐振频率为2.5 MHz,P表示压电晶片为PZT压电材料,14表示晶片直径为14 mm,FG5表示焦距为5 mm。发射晶片和接收晶片用于发射和接收超声波信号。隔音层用于隔离发射和接收电路,防止电路相互干扰,同时避免发射晶片和延时块之间的反射杂波进入接收晶片,具有良好的吸声性能。延时块结构能够减少探测的盲区,有利于探测近表面缺陷。两个晶片都有一定的倾斜角度,发射声束与接收声束必然产生相交,形成一条棱形地带,这条棱形地带即为探伤区域。处于棱形地带的缺陷,其反射信号强,同时对于同样大小的缺陷,位于棱形地带中心时,反射信号最强。其探伤灵敏度先随缺陷的深度增加而升高,到达最大值后又随深度增加而下降。双晶探头有两个Q6连接口,连接发射晶片的接口为T,连接接收晶片的接口为R,系统中,探头T端经Q9-Q6超声探伤线连接至超声仪的发射通道,探头R端连接至到BNC一分二转接口,进而连入接收通道。
VRTM法是利用真空压力将树脂注入到闭合模具中浸润增强材料并固化的工艺方法。其核心步骤是先将纤维增强材料铺放到模腔内,在其上方依次铺放脱模布和导流网,导流网可以使树脂流动更均匀并且加快浸润速度,脱模布可以防止导流网与纤维粘接,利于脱模,铺好材料后真空封模。之后引出两根导管,一根导管连接真空泵,另一根放入树脂中,利用真空压力将环氧树脂胶液注入模腔,树脂逐步浸透增强材料,然后进行固化与后固化,最后脱模成型[17]
VRTM法的优势为:闭模操作,树脂均在模腔内部流动,不污染环境,不损害工人健康;成型效率高,真空压力下,树脂浸润速度较快,适合批量生产;可控性强,可以通过改善外部环境温度与真空压力来控制浸润速度,利于制备梯度样品;原材料及能源消耗少等。
裂纹缺陷的理想模型是无限长条状,因此对纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料平板试样从侧面钻孔,利用细长圆孔来模拟裂纹缺陷。由于该方法是在复合材料成型后人工引入缺陷,当缺陷靠近样品下层时,钻孔难度较大,易在缺陷引入过程中损伤样品。因此在实际实验安排中仅设置位于样品中央的裂纹缺陷。
为方便对比,只改变孔径而保持其他特征不变。在厚度为5 mm的平板试样中心位置人工引入2种不同孔径的缺陷,分别为A1(孔径为0.8 mm)、A2(孔径为1 mm),其水平长度均为30 mm,远大于超声探头尺寸,研究裂纹缺陷对检测结果的影响,记为1号试样,其截面示意如图4所示,同时在图中标出探头检测位置,为保证探测效果并利于信号对比,测试时超声探头均垂直放置于样品上表面,并且位于缺陷中心处。
本文通过在复合材料铺贴过程中,在需要预制缺陷的部位引入一定大小的气腔来模拟分层缺陷。剪裁两片形状和大小符合要求的薄膜单片,将两片薄膜单片封边,形成密闭中空的双层薄膜结构。在复合材料铺贴过程中,在需要预制分层缺陷的部位放置所述双层薄膜结构,与复合材料铺层粘贴为一体。对薄膜材料的要求有:薄、不易受热扭曲变形、玻璃化转变温度高于制造过程中的最高温度。根据上述要求选择聚四氟乙烯薄膜制作双层薄膜结构,其能够较好地还原分层缺陷,检测效果显著,并且该材料对检测结果的影响较小[18-19]
通过在试样的不同厚度位置放入两层厚度为0.04 mm的聚四氟乙烯薄膜制备成双层薄膜结构,其尺寸为20 mm×20 mm,利用此方法制备厚度为 5 mm的平板试样,研究空气分层缺陷对检测结果的影响,记为2号试样,其截面示意图如图5所示。
本文通过在复合材料铺贴过程中,在需要预制缺陷的部位放置铜颗粒来模拟含金属杂质缺陷,金属在浸润过程中与复合材料铺层粘贴为一体。
在中心层与下层放入尺寸为1 mm×1 mm× 1 mm的铜颗粒,制备厚度为5 mm的平板试样,研究金属杂质对检测结果的影响,记为3号试样,其截面示意图如图6所示。
本文中制备的3种玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料平板试样的基本信息总结如表2所示。综上,通过分析1号试样中不同孔径缺陷的超声信号,可以获得缺陷尺寸大小对超声检测结果的影响规律;通过分析2号试样或者3号试样中心层与下层缺陷的超声信号,可以获得缺陷位置对超声检测结果的影响;通过分析3种试样中位于样品中央的缺陷超声信号,可以获得不同种类缺陷对超声检测结果的影响规律。
试样中无缺陷时的波形如图7所示,将此图与含缺陷试样的波形检测图作为对照,观察缺陷回波与底面回波的位置及大小关系。
1号试样中0.8 mm孔径缺陷的波形如图8(a)所示,1 mm孔径缺陷的波形如图8(b)所示,取一次底面回波与缺陷回波时间为节点,用蓝线在波形图中标识,观察其缺陷回波与一次底面回波随缺陷尺寸变化的特性。
图8可以看出,随着缺陷尺寸的增大,缺陷回波的幅值逐渐增大,而接收到的一次底面回波幅值逐渐减小。其原因为随着缺陷尺寸增大,缺陷处反射的超声波能量也增大,即接收到的缺陷回波幅值增大;同时随着缺陷尺寸增大,导致底面反射的超声波能量减少,因此接收到的一次底面回波幅值逐渐降低。
2号试样中中心层缺陷的波形如图9(a)所示,下层缺陷的波形如图9(b)所示,由于探测时空气分层缺陷全覆盖探头尺寸,缺陷处测得的波形均为缺陷回波而无底面回波。取无缺陷时一、二次底面回波的幅值最高点处的时间为标准,用红线标识,观察其缺陷回波的时间特性。
观察图9波形可以看出,不同缺陷位置处回波的出现时间不同,图9(a)中的缺陷回波比图9(b)中的缺陷回波出现时间更早。随着反射面深度的增加,回波出现时间也增加,即缺陷越深,缺陷回波出现的时间越晚。特别地,图9(b)中一次缺陷回波出现时间与试样无缺陷时的一次底面回波距离很近,即缺陷处与底面距离很近,易造成错误判断,但其二次回波出现时间有明显差异,其原因为虽然缺陷与底面处相隔很近,但其声程差却是间隔的2倍,而多次反射又将此距离再次放大,故可显示出缺陷处与别处的异同。
3号试样中中心层缺陷的波形如图10(a)所示,下层缺陷的波形如图10(b)所示,取无缺陷时一次底面回波的时间起点、终点为节点,用绿线标识,观察其缺陷回波与底面回波的特性。
观察图10波形可以看出,两种缺陷均有缺陷回波与底面回波,其中中心层缺陷的缺陷回波出现时间较早,且较为明显,而下层缺陷的缺陷回波出现时间较晚且幅值较小,其原因可能为两者相距较近,其缺陷回波与底面回波混杂,两者底面回波幅值均有所减小。
超声波经过内部缺陷的反射、透射与衰减后,底面回波中将会携带缺陷的时频域信息,即缺陷在一定程度上调制了回波信号,若对超声底面回波进行快速FFT变换,即可得出其频谱特性。通过研究超声信号在不同频率上的幅值分布规律,即可获得不同形态绝缘缺陷的识别依据。
为便于比较,对频谱特性曲线进行归一化处理,即求出有效带宽内频谱特性曲线的最大幅值,将频谱特性曲线各频率分量对应的幅值除以最大幅值,得到归一化的频谱特性曲线,即可消除频谱特性曲线具体数值大小的影响,只和其形状有关[20]
根据上述方法分别对图7图8(a)两种波形进行频谱处理,得到无缺陷及含裂纹缺陷试样的归一化频谱如图11所示。从图11可以看出,裂纹缺陷的回波在频率为1.5 MHz、2.5 MHz附近均有频谱峰值。其中,2.5 MHz附近频谱峰值为实验所用超声探头的特征频率,而1.5 MHz附近频谱峰值仅在含缺陷试样中出现,表明缺陷的存在改变了超声回波的频谱,且表现为频谱的中心频率减小。
根据上述方法分别对图7图9(a)两种波形进行频谱处理,得到无缺陷及含分层缺陷试样的归一化频谱如图12所示。
图12可以看出,在分层缺陷处,超声回波幅值显著减小,且在频率为1 MHz与2 MHz附近出现较多的频谱峰值,与无缺陷时的频谱图相差较多,说明分层缺陷的存在使得超声回波的频谱发生了显著变化。
根据上述方法分别对图7图10(a)两种波形进行频谱处理,得到无缺陷及含金属杂质缺陷的归一化频谱如图13所示。从图13可以看出,含金属杂质缺陷试样的超声回波最高频谱峰值大于无缺陷试样的最高频谱峰值,这是金属杂质显著区别于其余缺陷的特征。
取归一化频谱特性曲线的所有极大值与极小值的绝对值之和作为缺陷分类的特征值,结果如表3所示。从表3可以看出,分层缺陷的特征值最大,裂纹缺陷的特征值最小。因此可以通过对超声回波进行频谱变换,得出归一化频谱特性曲线,根据曲线计算特征值来实现对不同形态缺陷的识别。
本文基于真空树脂传递模塑法人工制备含裂纹、分层和金属杂质缺陷的平板试样,基于超声反射法搭建了复合材料超声检测系统,并对含缺陷的平板试样进行检测与频谱分析,得出主要结论如下:
(1)不同类型缺陷的超声反射波形存在显著差异。缺陷尺寸越大,回波幅值越大,底面回波幅值则减小。缺陷位置越深,回波出现时间越晚。通过分析缺陷回波的幅值与出现时间,可以更准确地评估超声检测中的缺陷特征。
(2)通过研究超声信号在不同频率上的幅值分布规律,得出归一化频谱特性曲线,基于该曲线计算得出特征值,可用于识别不同形态的缺陷。其中,裂纹缺陷试样的特征值最小,分层缺陷试样的特征值最大。
在超声检测过程中,缺陷尺寸减小或样品厚度增加会导致回波信号减弱,易被噪声淹没。高频率超声虽能提高检测精度,但会增加衰减,限制检测厚度。因此,实际应用中需在检测精度和样品厚度间取得平衡。
  • 国家电网公司总部科技项目(5200-202311159A-1-1-ZN)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
凡丽梅,王从科,赵付宝,等.玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料内部缺陷的超声成像检测[J].无损探伤,2014,38(3):25-27.
FANL M, WANGC K, ZHAOF B, et al. Ultrasonic imaging detection of internal defects in glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composites[J]. Nondestructive Inspection, 2014,38(3):25-27.
[2]
张平,龙玉成,孙清,等.E玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料输电杆塔拉杆的疲劳性能试验[J].电力建设,2012,33(8):88-91.
ZHANGP, LONGY C, SUNQ, et al. Experimental study of fatigue performance of E-glass fiber/epoxy reinforced polymer in transmission tower bars[J]. Electric Power Construction,2012,33(8):88-91.
[3]
颜丙越,张卓,杨威,等.高压绝缘拉杆真空压力浸渍成型工艺研究[J].绝缘材料,2020,53(2):71-75.
YANB Y, ZHANGZ, YANGW, et al. Research on VPI forming process of high voltage insulated pull rod[J]. Insulating Materials, 2020,53(2):71-75.
[4]
冯昌辉.玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂绝缘材料老化特性及影响因素研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2022.
FENGC H. Study on the aging characteristics and influencing factors of glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin insulation materials[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2022.
[5]
张养库,杜超云,史明,等.高压开关设备用固体绝缘材料综述[J].电工材料,2022(5):65-67.
ZHANGY K, DUC Y, SHIM, et al. Summary of solid insulating materials for high voltage switchgear[J]. Electrical Engineering Materials,2022(5):65-67.
[6]
孟祥福,陈美玉,明璐.RTM工艺参数对复合材料缺陷控制的影响[J].热加工工艺,2018,47(20):123-125.
MENGX F, CHENM Y, MINGL. Influence of RTM process parameters on defects of composites[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2018,47(20):123-125.
[7]
李阳,李凌,张晓林,等.基于声、光、热特性的绝缘子新型无损检测方法综述[J].绝缘材料,2023,56(10):12-21.
LIY, LIL, ZHANGX L, et al. Review of new nondestructive testing methods based on acoustic, optical, and thermal characteristics for insulators[J]. Insulating Materials,2023,56(10):12-21.
[8]
HAOY P, WANGG L, JIAZ D. Application of ultrasonic pulse-echo method to insulation condition diagnosis for large generators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2005,12(1):104-113.
[9]
张全利,曾加恒,杨振,等.碳纤维复合材料缺陷的超声检测及材料力学性能仿真研究[J].机械制造与自动化,2022,51(1):136-141.
ZHANGQ L, ZENGJ H, YANGZ, et al. Ultrasonic detection of defects and simulation of mechanical properties for carbon fiber composites[J]. Machine Building & Automation,2022,51(1):136-141.
[10]
MEOLAC, BOCCARDIS, CARLOMAGNOG M, et al. Nondestructive evaluation of carbon fibre reinforced composites with infrared thermography and ultrasonics[J]. Composite Structures,2015,134:845-853.
[11]
HANZ Q, JEONGS, JANGJ W, et al. Ultrasonic attenuation characteristics of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer hull structure[J]. Applied Sciences,2021,11(14):6614.
[12]
陈贤洮,邓燕燕,任文坚.碳纤维复合材料孔隙率的超声评价方法研究[J].机械强度,2018,40(6):1330-1335.
CHENX T, DENGY Y, RENW J. Study on ultrasonic evaluation method of the porosity in carbon fiber composite material[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2018,40(6):1330-1335.
[13]
程建楠.纤维增强复合材料空气耦合超声成像检测方法与系统研究[D].太原:中北大学,2018.
CHENGJ N. Study on the method and system of air coupledultrasonic imaging for fiber reinforced composite[D]. Taiyuan: North University of China,2018.
[14]
贺玲凤.声弹性技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:143.
HEL F. Acoustoelastic Technology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2002:143.
[15]
郝艳捧.基于低频超声反射法检测技术的大电机主绝缘状态诊断和寿命评估[D].西安:西安交通大学,2003.
HAOY P. Assessment of insulation condition and reliable life of large generator stator insulation based on low-frequency ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques[D]. Xi′an: Xi′an Jiaotong University,2003.
[16]
曹弘毅,马蒙源,丁国强,等.复合材料层压板分层缺陷超声相控阵检测与评估[J].材料工程,2021,49(2):149-157.
CAOH Y, MAM Y, DINGG Q, et al. Delamination defects testing and evaluation of composite laminates using phased array ultrasonic technique[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering,2021,49(2):149-157.
[17]
陆铭慧,王俊东,张毅萍,等.RTM碳纤维复合材料宏观缺陷超声表征及分析[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2017(4):70-74.
LUM H, WANGJ D, ZHANGY P, et al. Ultrasonic characterization and analysis of macroscopic defects in RTM carbon fiber composites[J]. Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2017(4): 70-74.
[18]
吴晓红.整体化复合材料结构的超声相控阵检测技术[D].杭州:浙江大学,2022.
WUX H. Ultrasonic phased array inspection technology for integrated composite structures[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2022.
[19]
徐莹,刘春秘,辛运涛,等.含超材料的结构功能一体化复合材料的超声检测[J].无损检测,2022,44(7):55-59.
XUY, LIUC M, XINY T, et al. Ultrasonic detection of incorporation of structure and function composite with metamaterials[J]. Nondestructive Testing,2022,44(7):55-59.
[20]
申巍,孟永鹏,菅永锋,等.固体绝缘材料内部缺陷形貌的超声检测研究[J].高压电器,2016,52(4):145-151.
SHENW, MENGY P, JIANY F, et al. Study on ultrasonic detection for internal defects appearance of solid insulation materials[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(4):145-151.
2024年第57卷第9期
PDF下载
192
87
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.014
  • 接收时间:2023-09-09
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2024-09-20
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-09
  • 修回日期:2023-11-23
基金
国家电网公司总部科技项目(5200-202311159A-1-1-ZN)
作者信息
    国网南京供电公司,江苏 南京 210000

通讯作者:

杨卓然(1990-),男(汉族),江苏徐州人,高级工程师,主要从事电缆绝缘研究、新材料研发,故障试验及检测、电缆智能设备及本体运行维护等工作。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.014
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏