Article(id=1210577666277765169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210577662121209865, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.08.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1687536000000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-24, revisedDate=1693843200000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766553807085, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1724083200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766553807085, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766553807085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766553807085, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210577662121209865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2024', volume='57', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='147', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766553806095, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563971278, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210620298043454173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210577662121209865, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210620298043454174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210577662121209865, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=122, endPage=129, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210577666860773438, articleId=1210577666277765169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Analysis on UHF signal intermittency and effective detection rate of partial discharge of metal particles on GIS insulator surface, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The ultra-high frequency (UHF) method for detecting partial discharge (PD) is currently one of the important means to evaluate the state and insulation performance of gas insulated switchgear (GIS). In this paper, in order to solve the problem of a large number of missing and false alarms in UHF detection of GIS partial discharge, GIS insulator with metal foreign object attached on the surface was conducted long-term constant voltage experiments. The successful capture probability of discharge signal was analyzed by combining with the existing UHF detection strategies, and optimization schemes of the existing UHF signal detection strategies were proposed from detection time and detection threshold. The results show that the partial discharge of metal foreign object defect attached on the insulator surface has intermittent characteristics, and the existing UHF live detection and online monitoring strategies have low detection probability of discharge. The capture probability of effective discharge can reach 85% by extengding the detection time to 2 247 seconds in optimization of live detection strategy. The detection probability of PD Event can increase by extengding the measurement time of forming a partial discharge event (PD Event) and reducing detection threshold in optimization of online monitoring strategy. In engineering application, the combination of appropriate measurement time and detection threshold can be selected to detect the intermittent discharge.

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局部放电特高频(UHF)方法检测局部放电(PD)是当前评估气体绝缘开关设备(GIS)状态和绝缘性能的重要手段之一。本文为解决局部放电UHF检测出现大量漏报和误报的问题,通过开展GIS绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷长期恒压实验,结合现有UHF检测策略对放电信号的成功捕捉概率进行分析,从检测时长和检出阈值两方面对现有UHF信号的检测策略提出了优化方案。结果表明:绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷局部放电具有间歇性特点,现有UHF带电检测及在线监测策略对放电的检出概率均不高。针对带电检测策略进行优化,延长检测时长至2 247 s,有效放电的捕捉概率可达85%;针对在线监测策略进行优化,延长形成一个局部放电事件(PD Event)的测量时间和降低其检出阈值皆可增大PD Event的检出概率,工程应用中可选择合适的测量时间和检出阈值相组合的方式来进行间歇性放电的检测。

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李伟(1982-),男(汉族),河南南阳人,高级工程师,主要从事发电厂智慧运维技术的研究;

张连根(1987-),男(汉族),河南商丘人,博士,主要从事电气设备在线监测与故障诊断的研究。

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李伟(1982-),男(汉族),河南南阳人,高级工程师,主要从事发电厂智慧运维技术的研究;

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李伟(1982-),男(汉族),河南南阳人,高级工程师,主要从事发电厂智慧运维技术的研究;

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张连根(1987-),男(汉族),河南商丘人,博士,主要从事电气设备在线监测与故障诊断的研究。

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张连根(1987-),男(汉族),河南商丘人,博士,主要从事电气设备在线监测与故障诊断的研究。

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Beijing: North China Electric Power University,2020., articleTitle=Characteristics and mechanisms of X-ray induced partial discharge in GIS, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218111681058751350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210577666277765169, awardId=202103368, language=CN, fundingSource=中国长江三峡集团有限公司企业科技项目(202103368), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218111672925995600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210577666277765169, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218111672934384209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210577666277765169, companyId=1218111672925995600, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1China Three Gorges Corporation,Wuhan 430010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218111672938578514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210577666277765169, language=CN, label=图10, caption=3种尺寸缺陷在不同检测时长下的有效放电捕捉概率, figureFileSmall=1eMMPkHpq3sZe5LnlZ/SLQ==, figureFileBig=RaWYcbpjf73gSBnTQjyeWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218111680358302543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210577666277765169, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Discharge parameter statistics, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区间Te/sTs/sTz/sDe/%
0~96 h147 96571 305126 33042.81
0~10 h26 1847 6382 17872.73
10~25 h3 5623 78546 6536.60
25~45 h28613 54958 1650.40
45~96 h117 93146 33519 33464.23
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放电参量统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区间Te/sTs/sTz/sDe/%
0~96 h147 96571 305126 33042.81
0~10 h26 1847 6382 17872.73
10~25 h3 5623 78546 6536.60
25~45 h28613 54958 1650.40
45~96 h117 93146 33519 33464.23
), ArticleFig(id=1218111680559629146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210577666277765169, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=The detection probability of PD event under different detection thresholds, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检出阈值/(次/s)108642
检出概率/%42.8146.4549.8953.3156.96
), ArticleFig(id=1218111680660292451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210577666277765169, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同检出阈值下PD Event的检出概率

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检出阈值/(次/s)108642
检出概率/%42.8146.4549.8953.3156.96
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金属颗粒长度/mm10105
金属颗粒端部曲率半径/μm2525025
), ArticleFig(id=1218111680874201967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210577666277765169, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

金属颗粒尺寸

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金属颗粒长度/mm10105
金属颗粒端部曲率半径/μm2525025
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GIS绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷局部放电UHF信号间歇性与有效检出率分析
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李伟 1 , 张连根 2 , 李乐颖 1 , 孔举 2 , 胡德鹏 1 , 齐波 2 , 姚维为 1 , 唐志国 2
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2024,57(8): 122-129
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2024, 57(8): 122-129
GIS绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷局部放电UHF信号间歇性与有效检出率分析
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李伟1, 张连根2, 李乐颖1, 孔举2, 胡德鹏1, 齐波2, 姚维为1, 唐志国2
作者信息
  • 1中国长江三峡集团有限公司,湖北 武汉 430010
  • 2华北电力大学,新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206
  • 李伟(1982-),男(汉族),河南南阳人,高级工程师,主要从事发电厂智慧运维技术的研究;

    张连根(1987-),男(汉族),河南商丘人,博士,主要从事电气设备在线监测与故障诊断的研究。

Analysis on UHF signal intermittency and effective detection rate of partial discharge of metal particles on GIS insulator surface
Wei LI1, Liangen ZHANG2, Leying LI1, Ju KONG2, Depeng HU1, Bo QI2, Weiwei YAO1, Zhiguo TANG2
Affiliations
  • 1China Three Gorges Corporation,Wuhan 430010, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
出版时间: 2024-08-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.08.015
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局部放电特高频(UHF)方法检测局部放电(PD)是当前评估气体绝缘开关设备(GIS)状态和绝缘性能的重要手段之一。本文为解决局部放电UHF检测出现大量漏报和误报的问题,通过开展GIS绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷长期恒压实验,结合现有UHF检测策略对放电信号的成功捕捉概率进行分析,从检测时长和检出阈值两方面对现有UHF信号的检测策略提出了优化方案。结果表明:绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷局部放电具有间歇性特点,现有UHF带电检测及在线监测策略对放电的检出概率均不高。针对带电检测策略进行优化,延长检测时长至2 247 s,有效放电的捕捉概率可达85%;针对在线监测策略进行优化,延长形成一个局部放电事件(PD Event)的测量时间和降低其检出阈值皆可增大PD Event的检出概率,工程应用中可选择合适的测量时间和检出阈值相组合的方式来进行间歇性放电的检测。

特高频检测  /  气体绝缘开关设备  /  间歇性局部放电  /  状态检测

The ultra-high frequency (UHF) method for detecting partial discharge (PD) is currently one of the important means to evaluate the state and insulation performance of gas insulated switchgear (GIS). In this paper, in order to solve the problem of a large number of missing and false alarms in UHF detection of GIS partial discharge, GIS insulator with metal foreign object attached on the surface was conducted long-term constant voltage experiments. The successful capture probability of discharge signal was analyzed by combining with the existing UHF detection strategies, and optimization schemes of the existing UHF signal detection strategies were proposed from detection time and detection threshold. The results show that the partial discharge of metal foreign object defect attached on the insulator surface has intermittent characteristics, and the existing UHF live detection and online monitoring strategies have low detection probability of discharge. The capture probability of effective discharge can reach 85% by extengding the detection time to 2 247 seconds in optimization of live detection strategy. The detection probability of PD Event can increase by extengding the measurement time of forming a partial discharge event (PD Event) and reducing detection threshold in optimization of online monitoring strategy. In engineering application, the combination of appropriate measurement time and detection threshold can be selected to detect the intermittent discharge.

ultra-high frequency detection  /  gas insulated switchgear  /  intermittent partial discharge  /  state detection
李伟, 张连根, 李乐颖, 孔举, 胡德鹏, 齐波, 姚维为, 唐志国. GIS绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷局部放电UHF信号间歇性与有效检出率分析. 绝缘材料, 2024 , 57 (8) : 122 -129 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.08.015
Wei LI, Liangen ZHANG, Leying LI, Ju KONG, Depeng HU, Bo QI, Weiwei YAO, Zhiguo TANG. Analysis on UHF signal intermittency and effective detection rate of partial discharge of metal particles on GIS insulator surface[J]. Insulating Materials, 2024 , 57 (8) : 122 -129 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.08.015
自20世纪70年代以来,气体绝缘开关设备(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)因其可靠性高,结构紧凑等优点在电力系统中得到了广泛应用[1]。局部放电(partial discharge,PD)既是电气设备绝缘劣化的主要征兆,又是造成绝缘劣化的关键性因素[2-4]。1986年第一套GIS的局部放电特高频(ultra-high frequency,UHF)监测装置在苏格兰托内斯核电站成功安装,此后局部放电特高频检测技术逐步成为GIS状态监测领域的研究热点[5]。据统计,全国已安装的局部放电特高频监测系统约1 000余套,传感器安装总量超过8万个[6]
近年来的工程实践表明,GIS局部放电特高频监测系统存在大量误报和漏报的问题。目前通过局部放电特高频检测手段在现场检出的缺陷,多数为悬浮放电和自由金属颗粒放电,少有绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷的检出案例[6-8]。然而,现场故障统计结果表明金属异物附着引起的绝缘故障在GIS绝缘故障中占比较大。南方电网公司在2013年进行了高压开关故障统计,9起绝缘类故障中有4起均为金属异物附着在绝缘子表面导致的闪络现象。国家电网公司运维检修部对2010—2013年电力设备典型故障案例进行了汇总,GIS设备共有42例故障,绝缘故障占9例,其中5例故障解体后均发现绝缘子表面有金属异物残留[9]。此外,研究表明GIS绝缘子上由于金属异物附着,存在长间歇的稀疏性局部放电,此类放电在长期运行电压下由于累积效应最终会引发击穿[10-13]
现有标准中针对GIS特高频带电检测规定了例行试验每次测试的时间不少于15 s,诊断性试验每次测试的时间不少于30 s。针对GIS特高频在线监测,Q/CSG 11401—2010中规定:特高频在线监测信息应包括最大放电量、放电相位、放电频次和放电谱图。其中放电谱图应由不少于50个连续工频周期的监测数据形成。监测周期应可根据监测需要进行设置和调节,最小监测周期不应小于10 min。
对于稀疏性放电,当前的特高频检测策略极大可能无法检测到放电信号或者会将放电信号误判为随机干扰,这是目前特高频检测系统在实际工程实施中面临的一个难题。
为此,本文开展GIS绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷长期恒压实验,对UHF信号的间歇性进行统计分析;结合现有UHF检测策略对放电信号的成功捕捉概率进行计算,分析当前UHF检测策略的不足,在此基础上提出UHF检测策略的优化方案。
长期恒压实验平台由工频加压系统、126 kV GIS主腔体、试验腔体及特高频局部放电仪等几个部分组成。实验平台总体接线如图1所示。图1中,变压器为江都华宇公司的YDTW-10/120 kV型工频高压试验变压器,其电源容量为10 kVA,最高输出电压为120 kV。1 000 pF耦合电容与变压器以及缺陷模型并联。220 V交流电源经调压器、电源滤波器接入到工频试验变压器,试验变压器经保护电阻与126 kV GIS套管相连。实验腔体接入GIS套管下方三通腔体的一侧,UHF传感器固定在实验腔体的石英玻璃观察窗外侧,并通过信号线与采集装置连接。采集装置与PC机相连。所用特高频检测仪型号为ZC-iPD,装置实时采样率为100 MS/s,单次放电脉冲时间的分辨精度为10 ns,检测系统在单周期脉冲数不超过2 000次的情况下,可连续实时记录3 000 h的放电数据。
为降低背景噪声对UHF测量结果的影响,将放置传感器的盆式绝缘子或石英玻璃观察窗的非耦合区域以及邻近盆式绝缘子用金属屏蔽带包裹以阻隔外部干扰信号传入。同时所用特高频检测仪具有软件滤波功能,可抑制低频段干扰。
在GIS实验腔体中设置绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷,腔体尺寸按山东泰开公司的126 kV GIS腔体尺寸按2∶1进行缩比,腔体中心导杆直径为30 mm,均压环直径为60 mm,腔体内壁直径为125 mm,球电极直径为60 mm,实验时,腔体内充入0.4 MPa的SF6气体。
在GIS绝缘子表面放置一段铝条,铝条用少量502胶水固定,其直径为0.8 mm,长度为10 mm。一端紧贴实验腔体外壁,另一端距高压屏蔽罩22.5 mm。铝条两端均打磨出尖端,曲率半径为50 μm。缺陷设置如图2所示。
对无缺陷实验腔体在长期恒压实验平台下进行8 h、60 kV的工频加压实验,平台无明显放电现象,证明实验平台满足后续实验要求。
设置缺陷后,自0开始快速升压测量并记录局部放电起始电压(partial discharge inception voltage,PDIV)。经过多次重复实验得到的PDIV约为29 kV。为了获得更加长期稳定的放电,继续升压至1.2倍PDIV值(34.8V),然后停止加压,在此电压值进行持续96 h的长期耐压实验,记录实验全过程的特高频放电幅值、相位和时间信息。升压方式如图3所示。
针对0~96 h长期的趋势分析,以每秒为统计单位,得出放电重复率(每秒放电次数)的整体趋势如图4所示。根据图4(a)可以看出,整个试验期间放电重复率存在较大变化。从图4(b)可以看到,0~12 h放电过程较为剧烈,放电重复率多数集中在10次/s以上,每秒最大放电次数达到2 000次左右,放电较为连续。在第7 h处与第11 h处分别可以观察到约半小时的放电停滞期。从图4(c)可以看到,与前12 h的放电相比,24~36 h这段区间内放电重复率大幅降低,最大放电次数约为100次,绝大部分时间每秒仅1次放电,其间还出现时间长短不一的放电停滞现象,说明放电存在较强的间歇性。
从放电重复率随时间的变化可以看出GIS绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷局部放电存在明显的间歇性特征,放电停止时间短则数秒,长则数十分钟。
局部放电工程检测中,一般以1 s为一个统计时间区间,如1 s时间内放电次数过于稀少,则在工程检测过程中作为无效数据被剔除。根据调研,目前UHF检测主要以1 s内放电超过10次作为一个局部放电事件(PD Event)[13]。因此,定义放电重复率超过每秒10次为有效放电(Te);放电重复率低于每秒10次而高于每秒1次为稀疏放电(Ts);放电重复率为0表示无放电(Tz),定义De表示有效放电时间占总放电时间的比值。
各时间段的放电时间参数统计特征如表1所示。从表1可以看出,在96 h实验期间,发生有效放电的时间为147 965 s,占总统计时间的42.81%。无放电的时间为126 330 s,与有效放电时间接近,表明整个实验有较长时间出现放电停滞现象。0~10 h有效放电占总统计时间的72.73%,无放电时间仅为2 178 s,说明在恒压实验的前10 h内,放电较为剧烈。10~25 h与25~45 h这两个区间内,有效放电占比逐渐降低,从6.60%降低至0.40%,此时无放电时间较长,占比较大,放电近乎停止,在这两个区间内能检测到放电的可能性很低。45 h以后,有效放电的占比开始增加,放电又开始变得剧烈。
总体来看,96 h统计时间内放电呈现出很强的间歇性,前10 h放电较为剧烈,10~45 h放电逐渐减弱,有效放电次数大幅降低,45 h以后放电逐渐增强但其间也伴随着较短的无放电时间存在。
传统放电研究认为,极不均匀场中的金属缺陷在长期电压作用下,放电产生的高温等离子体会对金属产生烧蚀作用,逐渐烧蚀掉场强集中区[14-15]。现有研究表明,长期恒压下的金属颗粒尖端在放电过程中会不断被因烧蚀产生的分解产物覆盖[13]。分解产物的覆盖一方面会导致金属尖端表面场致发射的电子数量锐减,另一方面会使金属颗粒尖端钝化,均匀尖端强场,抑制尖端强场区的气体电离过程。两方面因素共同作用导致UHF能检测到的高能脉冲型放电逐渐减少,放电逐渐减弱,呈现间歇特性。
自2000年初国内开始引入特高频局部放电检测技术以来,经过二十多年的发展,该技术在国内市场逐渐成熟,相关的技术标准也相继形成。目前电网公司开展局部放电特高频检测的手段主要有在线监测和带电检测。在线监测指在不停电的情况下,对电力设备状况进行连续或周期性的自动监测,目前主要用于500 kV及特高压主设备。带电检测指检测人员采用便携式设备,在运行状态下对设备状态进行现场检测,有别于长期连续的在线监测。
定义每次进行UHF检测的时长为T,若在进行UHF检测时出现至少一次有效放电,即可认为UHF系统成功地检测到了放电。因此,在长期恒压实验的基础上,可以定义有效放电捕捉概率Pe式(1)所示。
Pe=Ne/Ntotal
式(1)中:Ntotal是以检测时长T遍历96 h所得到的统计次数,Ne是所有统计次数中出现有效放电的次数。Pe具体计算流程如图5所示,以T=Ti为例,即检测时长为Ti,从第1 s开始,检测第1 s至Ti内是否存在有效放电,之后以1 s为步长进行统计(第2 s至Ti+1,第3 s至Ti+2……),最后将存在有效放电的统计次数Ne与总统计次数Ntotal之比计为有效放电捕捉概率Pe。结合长期恒压下的实验数据,分析现有标准下的UHF检测方法对于GIS长间歇性局部放电带电检测和在线监测的检测效果。
现行标准下进行带电检测例行试验的每次测试时间不少于15 s,诊断性试验的每次测试时间不少于30 s。本文以15 s和30 s为例,计算得到现有带电检测时长下的有效放电捕捉概率分别为55.33%和57.56%,检出概率皆不到60%,说明现有UHF检测策略对于GIS绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷有效放电的检出效果不佳。
目前的特高频固定式在线监测系统主要以1 s为统计单位,若1 s内放电超过10次,则定义为1个PD Event并保存数据,后续可以对所有的PD Event进行回放查看。
结合PD Event与有效放电的定义可知,当二者每秒放电次数阈值都为10次时,PD Event的捕捉概率可与检测时长T为1 s时的有效放电捕捉概率进行等效。结合表1数据和式(1)计算可知,T为1 s时的有效放电捕捉概率Pe为42.81%,说明现有的检测策略对PD Event的检出效果不佳。
根据DL/T 1630—2016,GIS局部放电特高频检测系统应可灵活设置局部放电的检测时长、检出阈值和报警阈值等参数。由于GIS绝缘子金属异物附着缺陷放电的间歇性,现有UHF检测策略对此类放电的检出率较低。本文根据GIS绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷长期恒压实验结果,分别从延长单点测量时长和改变UHF检测系统检出阈值两个方向提出对当前UHF带电检测和在线监测策略的优化建议,为现场GIS局部放电特高频检测的应用提供参考。
因为GIS绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷局部放电存在间歇性,放电停止时间短则数秒,长则数十分钟。如果进行UHF带电检测时放电刚好处于停滞状态,且UHF的检测时长较短,此时就无法检测出放电。所以,需要延长UHF带电检测的单点测量时长,以增加局部放电的检出概率。
沿用第2节的定义,从T=1 s开始逐步增加检测时长,研究不同检测时长对有效放电捕捉概率的影响,计算结果如图6所示。从图6可以看出,随着检测时长的增加,捕捉到有效放电的概率也随之增加。当检测时长为2 247 s时,有效放电的捕捉概率可达85%。
(1)固定PD Event检出阈值,延长测量时间
以1 s为间隔时间单独统计判断PD Event的方式对表面金属异物缺陷检出率很低,应采用长时间累积数据的方式。若维持放电次数超过10次为一个PD Event的策略不变,累积时间T后,PD Event捕捉概率与检测时长T的关系曲线如图7所示。从图7可以看出,当累积检测时间为906 s时,PD Event捕捉概率可达85%。
(2)改变UHF检测系统检出阈值
除了检测时间外,DL/T 1630—2016中规定UHF检测系统的检出阈值也可以灵活设置。根据表1中的统计结果可知,放电重复率等于或低于10次的稀疏放电占比较大,而当前的检测策略则每秒超过10次的放电记录为一个PD Event。若适当降低判定为PD Event的检出阈值,会更加契合GIS绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷的放电特性。
维持统计时间保持1 s不变,改变判定为PD Event的阈值,不同检出阈值下PD Event的检出概率如表2所示。由表2可知,适当降低当前UHF系统PD Event的判定阈值,可以增大间歇性放电的检出概率,但增大的程度有限。当统计时间固定为1 s时,检出阈值从每秒10次放电降低为每秒2次放电,检出概率从42.81%升高至56.96%。
(3)改变测量时间与检出阈值的组合
同时考虑延长测量时长和降低检出阈值的优化策略,不同检出阈值、检测时长下PD Event的检出概率如图8所示。从图8可以看出,随着检出阈值的降低以及检测时间的延长,PD Event的检出概率不断增大。当设置检出阈值为每秒10次放电,检测时长为600 s时有80%概率检测出PD Event。降低检出阈值至每秒4次放电,80%概率检出PD Event的检测时间可缩短至400 s内。因此,可以根据现场实际情况选择不同检出阈值和检测时长的组合以高效地检测并记录PD Event概率。
为使本文提出的UHF检测策略优化方案更具普适性和代表性,在第1节所搭建实验平台的基础上,改变金属颗粒的长度和颗粒端部曲率半径,如表3所示。对不同尺寸的金属颗粒进行长期加压实验,分析3种尺寸颗粒缺陷长期恒压下的放电特性以及延长UHF检测时长对有效放电捕捉概率的影响。
统计金属颗粒在长期加压下的放电数据,发现不同尺寸金属颗粒缺陷具有相似放电特征:初始阶段放电较为剧烈,放电重复率较高;随时间推移放电重复率降低,放电有减弱趋势。为便于分析,定义连续10 s放电重复率均大于500 次/s的时间段为放电起始阶段,其他时间段为放电发展阶段。计算出3种尺寸颗粒放电发展阶段的TeTsTz区间占比如图9所示。由图9可知,3种尺寸金属颗粒无放电时间Tz与稀疏放电时间Ts均占比较大,放电呈间歇性。长度较长、曲率半径大的金属颗粒Tz最大,TeTs最小。总体而言不同尺寸的绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷在长周期放电中呈现出相似的稀疏性放电特征。
图10展示了不同带电检测时长下3种尺寸金属颗粒缺陷有效放电的捕捉概率。由图10可知,在例行试验检测时长为15 s,诊断性试验检测时长为30 s的情况下,3种尺寸缺陷的有效放电捕捉概率都不足20%,说明现有UHF检测策略对于GIS绝缘子表面不同尺寸的金属异物附着缺陷有效放电的检出效果不佳。当检测时长逐渐增加,有效放电的捕捉概率逐渐增大,这一点与第3节中的结果一致,进一步对本文所提出的优化方案进行了验证。
(1)长期恒压下GIS绝缘子表面金属异物附着缺陷局部放电存在间歇性,连续96 h的测量中有效放电仅占比42.81%,放电间隔时间不等,短则数秒,长则数十分钟,放电重复率存在较大波动。
(2)结合长期恒压下的实验数据计算现有UHF检测策略对放电信号的捕捉能力。对于带电检测,检测时长为15 s时,有效放电的捕捉概率为55.33%,检测时长为30 s时,有效放电的捕捉概率为57.55%。对于在线监测,统计时间为1 s时PD Event的捕捉概率为42.81%。现有UHF检测策略对间歇性放电的检测能力较弱。
(3)从单点检测时长和PD Event检出阈值两个方面对现有UHF检测策略进行优化。针对带电检测,单点检测时长延长到2247 s时,有效放电的捕捉概率可达85%。针对在线监测,形成一个PD Event的阈值不变的情况下,累积检测时长达906 s时,PD Event的检出概率可达85%;维持统计时间为1 s,适当降低PD Event的判定阈值,可以增大间歇性放电的检出概率,但增大的程度有限;工程应用中可根据现场实际情况选择合适的PD Event测量时间和检出阈值相组合,以尽可能检测到间歇性放电信号。
(4)不同尺寸的缺陷试验结果进一步表明绝缘子表明金属异物附着缺陷长期放电具有间歇性特征,增加UHF检测时长可增大缺陷有效放电捕捉概率。
  • 中国长江三峡集团有限公司企业科技项目(202103368)
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2024年第57卷第8期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.08.015
  • 接收时间:2023-06-24
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2024-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-24
  • 修回日期:2023-09-05
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中国长江三峡集团有限公司企业科技项目(202103368)
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    1中国长江三峡集团有限公司,湖北 武汉 430010
    2华北电力大学,新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206
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