Article(id=1210227965384856231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210227961236681448, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.01.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1613750400000, receivedDateStr=2021-02-20, revisedDate=1618848000000, revisedDateStr=2021-04-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766470431896, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1642608000000, pubDateStr=2022-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766470431896, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766470431896, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766470431896, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210227961236681448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2022', volume='55', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766470430907, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766562962621, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210616067429364090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210227961236681448, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210616067429364091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210227961236681448, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=87, endPage=94, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210227965665874607, articleId=1210227965384856231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Operation Condition Monitoring Method of Bushing for UHV Converter Valve Hall Based on Intelligent Image Processing and 3D Modeling Technology, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A monitoring method for the operating state characteristics of bushing in UHV converter valve hall was proposed from the perspective of intelligent image processing and three-dimensional modeling technology. This method mainly included using intelligent image processing technology to identify and classify the databases of infrared thermal imager and ultraviolet imager, using Kalman filtering technology to realize on-line measurement in real time for the insulation distance of typical metal fittings, and using three-dimensional modeling technology based on finite element method to build the electric field simulation model of typical main equipment bushing in valve hall, and the electric field distribution on the surface of key metal fittings was obtained. Combined with the image database information, insulation distance information, and electric field distribution information of typical main equipment bushing, its operation state parameters were obtained effectively, and its operation state was evaluated by the intelligent algorithm automatically. The results show that when the Kalman filtering technology is not used, the prediction deviation of the distance at key positions changes severely in 0‒160 s. After using the Kalman filtering technology, the jump amplitude of prediction deviation decreases and is basically controlled at the same error level. The neural network has good learning effect, the fitness function tends to be stable after 100 iterations, and the local weight of fuzzy neural network shows typical nonlinear characteristics. The research conclusion can explore potential hidden dangers and locate positive faults effectively, which provide effective data support and protection strategies for the operation and maintenance of main equipment bushing.

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从智能图像处理和三维造型技术的角度提出一种针对特高压换流阀厅用套管运行状态特征的监测方法。该方法主要包括:应用智能图像处理技术对红外热像仪、紫外成像仪数据库进行辨识、分类处理;通过Kalman滤波技术针对典型金具绝缘距离进行实时在线测量;应用基于有限元法三维造型技术建立阀厅典型主设备套管的电场模拟模型,获得关键金具表面电场分布情况。结合图像数据库信息、绝缘距离信息和典型主设备套管电场分布信息有效获取其运行状态参量,并应用智能算法对其运行状态进行自动评估。结果表明:未使用Kalman滤波技术时,在0~160 s内对于关键位置处的距离预估偏差跳变较为剧烈,使用Kalman滤波技术后预估偏差跳变幅度缩小,基本控制在同一误差水平;神经网络具有较好的学习效果,适应度函数迭代100次后趋于稳定,且模糊神经网络局部权值出现较为典型的非线性特征。研究结论可有效发掘潜伏性隐患、定位正发性故障,为主设备套管运行维护提供有效的数据支撑和保护策略。

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张施令(1986-),男(汉族),重庆人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事超/特高压绝缘结构的优化设计的研究;

何永胜(1972-),男(汉族),河南濮阳人,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为电力系统的运行控制。

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张施令(1986-),男(汉族),重庆人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事超/特高压绝缘结构的优化设计的研究;

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张施令(1986-),男(汉族),重庆人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事超/特高压绝缘结构的优化设计的研究;

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何永胜(1972-),男(汉族),河南濮阳人,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为电力系统的运行控制。

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何永胜(1972-),男(汉族),河南濮阳人,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为电力系统的运行控制。

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基于智能图像处理和三维建模技术的特高压换流阀厅用套管运行状态监测方法
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张施令 1 , 何永胜 2 , 宫林 1 , 郭强 3
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2022,55(1): 87-94
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2022, 55(1): 87-94
基于智能图像处理和三维建模技术的特高压换流阀厅用套管运行状态监测方法
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张施令1, 何永胜2, 宫林1, 郭强3
作者信息
  • 1国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院,重庆 401123
  • 2国网重庆市电力公司,重庆 400014
  • 3重庆理工大学,重庆 400054
  • 张施令(1986-),男(汉族),重庆人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事超/特高压绝缘结构的优化设计的研究;

    何永胜(1972-),男(汉族),河南濮阳人,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为电力系统的运行控制。

Operation Condition Monitoring Method of Bushing for UHV Converter Valve Hall Based on Intelligent Image Processing and 3D Modeling Technology
Shiling ZHANG1, Yongsheng HE2, Lin GONG1, Qiang GUO3
Affiliations
  • 1State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Company Chongqing Electric Power Research Institute, Chongqing 401123, China
  • 2State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Company, Chongqing 400014, China
  • 3Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
出版时间: 2022-01-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.01.014
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从智能图像处理和三维造型技术的角度提出一种针对特高压换流阀厅用套管运行状态特征的监测方法。该方法主要包括:应用智能图像处理技术对红外热像仪、紫外成像仪数据库进行辨识、分类处理;通过Kalman滤波技术针对典型金具绝缘距离进行实时在线测量;应用基于有限元法三维造型技术建立阀厅典型主设备套管的电场模拟模型,获得关键金具表面电场分布情况。结合图像数据库信息、绝缘距离信息和典型主设备套管电场分布信息有效获取其运行状态参量,并应用智能算法对其运行状态进行自动评估。结果表明:未使用Kalman滤波技术时,在0~160 s内对于关键位置处的距离预估偏差跳变较为剧烈,使用Kalman滤波技术后预估偏差跳变幅度缩小,基本控制在同一误差水平;神经网络具有较好的学习效果,适应度函数迭代100次后趋于稳定,且模糊神经网络局部权值出现较为典型的非线性特征。研究结论可有效发掘潜伏性隐患、定位正发性故障,为主设备套管运行维护提供有效的数据支撑和保护策略。

特高压换流阀厅  /  套管  /  智能图像处理  /  三维造型技术  /  Kalman滤波

A monitoring method for the operating state characteristics of bushing in UHV converter valve hall was proposed from the perspective of intelligent image processing and three-dimensional modeling technology. This method mainly included using intelligent image processing technology to identify and classify the databases of infrared thermal imager and ultraviolet imager, using Kalman filtering technology to realize on-line measurement in real time for the insulation distance of typical metal fittings, and using three-dimensional modeling technology based on finite element method to build the electric field simulation model of typical main equipment bushing in valve hall, and the electric field distribution on the surface of key metal fittings was obtained. Combined with the image database information, insulation distance information, and electric field distribution information of typical main equipment bushing, its operation state parameters were obtained effectively, and its operation state was evaluated by the intelligent algorithm automatically. The results show that when the Kalman filtering technology is not used, the prediction deviation of the distance at key positions changes severely in 0‒160 s. After using the Kalman filtering technology, the jump amplitude of prediction deviation decreases and is basically controlled at the same error level. The neural network has good learning effect, the fitness function tends to be stable after 100 iterations, and the local weight of fuzzy neural network shows typical nonlinear characteristics. The research conclusion can explore potential hidden dangers and locate positive faults effectively, which provide effective data support and protection strategies for the operation and maintenance of main equipment bushing.

UHV converter valve hall  /  bushing  /  intelligent image processing  /  3D modeling technology  /  Kalman filter
张施令, 何永胜, 宫林, 郭强. 基于智能图像处理和三维建模技术的特高压换流阀厅用套管运行状态监测方法. 绝缘材料, 2022 , 55 (1) : 87 -94 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.01.014
Shiling ZHANG, Yongsheng HE, Lin GONG, Qiang GUO. Operation Condition Monitoring Method of Bushing for UHV Converter Valve Hall Based on Intelligent Image Processing and 3D Modeling Technology[J]. Insulating Materials, 2022 , 55 (1) : 87 -94 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.01.014
特高压换流阀厅内部主设备众多,包含换流变压器、穿墙套管、换流变套管、换流阀塔、各类管型母线等,这些设备制造精良、价格昂贵,且作用关键,其运行状态直接关系到整个换流阀厅的电能转换质量。其核心部件换流变压器套管一直是制约我国超特高压主设备全面国产化的瓶颈问题之一,近年来随着我国超/特高压工程的加速推进,这种矛盾显得更加突出[1-3]。目前各电压等级换流变压器套管广泛应用于换流站中,其主绝缘普遍采用环氧套筒SF6气体绝缘和环氧芯体固体绝缘结构型式。高压换流变压器套管广泛应用于高端换流变压器出线部分,其运行的安全稳定性直接决定换流变压器整机的运行效果。SF6气体绝缘高压换流变压器套管具有典型的多介质绝缘结构,其空气端为SF6气体绝缘介质,套管尾部与变压器油相接触,套管本体一般为环氧浸纸复合绝缘结构[4-7]。基于该复杂绝缘系统,需对换流变压器套管的运行状态保持实时状态监测。该结构型式套管与传统油浸纸式套管相比不存在液相绝缘介质——套管油,因此不宜采用传统油压监测方法,且由于不存在套管油流循环传导、对流散热机制,套管中心导杆载流产生的热量易在环氧浸纸固体芯体内积聚,最终发生套管芯体热击穿、内应力导致环氧芯体开裂等典型绝缘事故。鉴于此,亟需提出针对换流变压器干式套管绝缘性能的评估方法,该方法应兼顾SF6气体绝缘部分与环氧浸纸固体复合绝缘部分。
对于特高压换流阀厅用套管的运行维护主要通过电学监测装置,对于油纸绝缘系统的电力套管可通过介质损耗因数在线实时监测、变压器油分解气体在线检测等技术手段。对于SF6气体绝缘的电力套管,主要通过SF6分解气体检测等技术手段,主要监测HF、CF4气体含量随时间的变化关系。对于环氧树脂复合皱纹纸类绝缘电力套管,主要通过介质损耗因数在线实时监测,以及应用特高频、脉冲电流法实时监测其局部放电量水平。同时通过监测其内部温度变化曲线、测算套管芯体关键部位结构尺寸从而反演出核心部件的实时在线运行状态。
然而以上监测手段均需要通过人为参与现场实时信号的获取,且获取的数据流信息易引入外界干扰,同时在故障数据处理以及运维策略形成方面存在局限性。因此亟需提出一种便捷、快速且有效的运行状态监测辅助手段。鉴于此,本研究从图像处理技术角度提出针对换流阀厅运行状态进行监测的方法。该技术主要包括应用智能图像处理技术对红外热像仪、紫外成像仪数据库进行辨识、分类处理;通过Kalman滤波技术针对典型金具绝缘距离进行实时在线测量;应用基于有限元法三维造型技术建立阀厅典型主设备的电场模拟模型,获得关键主设备金具表面电场分布情况。结合图像数据库信息、绝缘距离信息和典型主设备电场分布信息有效获取其运行状态参量,并应用智能算法对其运行状态进行自动评估,发掘潜伏性故障、定位正发性故障。其中应用智能图像处理技术的思路流程如图1所示,首先构造适用于红外、紫外图像数据库的概率密度函数网络结构,随后将该图像数据库输入模糊神经网络中进行批量处理,最终输出图像数据库的电场、热场分布情况。涉及的实验仪器主要包括红外成像仪、紫外成像仪、高清数码相机、高性能台式计算机。其中数据主要通过红外成像仪、紫外成像仪、高清数码相机在巡视过程中人为拍摄得到,组成原始图片数据库。在软件处理部分,基于智能图像处理流程和Kalman滤波技术测量流程已经编制了可在计算机上运行的程序代码,同时针对换流变套管及阀厅内部典型金具三维建模均可在计算机中实现。
应用遗传算法实现图像分割:最大类间方差的求解过程就是在解空间中找到一个最优解,使得类间方差最大[8-10]。应用遗传算法优化BP神经网络预测算法的具体步骤如下:
(1)设群体规模为P。随机生成P个个体的初始种群W=(W1,W2,...,Wp)T,给定一个数据选定范围,由于初始群体的确定对GA的全局寻优有很大影响,采用线性插值函数生成种群中个体Wi的一个实数向量(w1,w2,...,ws)作为遗传算法的一个染色体。染色体的长度如式(1)所示。
S=RS1+S1S2+S1+S2
式(1)中:R为输入层节点数;S1为隐含层节点数;S2为输出层节点数。确定好种群中的每个个体Wi (Wi=w1w2,...,wsi=1,2,…,P)代表一个BP神经网络的初始值,个体Wi中的一个基因值ws表示神经网络的一个连接权值或阈值。为了得到高精度的权值、缩短染色体的串长,采用浮点数编码方法。
(2)确定个体的评价函数。给定1个BP神经网络进化参数,将第1步中得到的染色体对BP神经网络权值和阈值进行赋值,输入训练样本进行神经网络训练,达到设定的精度得到1个网络训练输出值yi,则种群W中个体Wi的适应度值fitnessi和平均适应度值f¯分别定义为式(2)式(3)
fitnessi=j=1M-1(yj-yj)2,     i=1,2,...,P
f¯=i=1Pfitnessi P
式(2)~(3):中yi为训练输出值;yj为训练输出期望值;M为重构相空间中的相点数;P为种群规模。
(3)采用轮盘赌法选择算子,即基于适应度比例的选择策略对每一代种群中的染色体进行选择,则选择概率pi式(4)
pi=fii=1Pfi,     i=1,2,...,P
式(4)中,fi=1/fitnessi
(4)因为个体采用实数编码,所以交叉操作方法采用实数交叉法。第k个基因wk和第l个基因wlj位的交叉操作如式(5)
wkj=wkj(1-b)+wljbwlj=wlj(1-b)+wkjb
式(5)中,b为[0,1]的随机数。
(5)选取第i个个体的第j个基因进行变异操作,如式(6)所示。
wij=wij+wij-wmaxfgr0.5wij+wmin-wijfgr<0.5f(g)=r21-g/Gmax
式(6)中:wmaxwmin分别为基因wij取值的上下限;r为[0,1]的随机数;r2为1个随机数;g为当前迭代次数;Gmax为最大进化代数。
(6)将遗传算法的最优个体分解为BP神经网络的连接权值和阈值,利用BP算法对BP神经网络预测模型进行训练,求出混沌时间序列预测最优解[11-15]。模糊神经网络可以通过BP算法和最小二乘估计法的混合算法进行学习,从而调整系统的前件和后件参数。前向阶段计算到第4层,反向阶段误差信号反向传递,用BP算法更新前件参数,基于GA和BP神经网络的智能图像处理拓扑结构如图2所示,先设定概率密度函数的权值和阈值,结合特高压阀厅采集组建的电力设备图像数据库进行深度学习训练,获得概率密度函数迭代调整后权值和阈值,最终输出图像数据库,得到电场、电位分布云图。
以我国规划的±800 kV某直流输电工程为例,阀厅内部包括换流阀塔和换流变压器套管等相临近的电气设备,如图3所示。图4为特高压阀厅内实际电力设备现场照片,包括特高压换流阀塔、特高压换流变套管、特高压穿墙套管、支撑绝缘子、管型母线和大型均压罩等典型电力设备。这些设备在运行条件下均有大电流通过,因此将会产生较为显著的发热效应。一般情况下,在金属导体存在接触不良、换流阀塔内部IGBT存在固有缺陷、套管内部存在固体绝缘裂纹等制造工艺不足条件下均会出现局部过热点。
图4还可以看出,换流阀塔结构复杂,其外表面布置有金属外壳,用于对阀塔内部的精密换流元件进行电磁屏蔽保护。应用红外热像仪对以上关键电力设备进行了现场观测,结果如图5所示。
图5可以看出,阀厅内部电力设备在外施电流作用下出现较为明显的温度场差异化分布,局部过热点主要出现在金属导体接触区域,大型均压罩表面的温度较其他区域高。同时在换流阀塔内部由于IGBT等半导体器件的重复多次开断过程出现了明显局部过热区域,以上温度过热点同样为阀厅电力设备在实际运行过程中较易出现故障的位置。考虑到换流阀厅电力设备在运行过程中承受高电压长时间作用,在各个大型电力金具表面较易出现高场强区域,特别是在管型母线拐角处,高温度区域与高场强区域基本重合,应用紫外成像仪观测电力设备金具表面的电晕现象,结果如图6所示。从图6可以看出,采用紫外成像仪可在阀厅内部电力设备有效观测到典型金具表面的微弱电晕放电情况,该放电可能是金具表面毛刺、污秽物等异物引起的,如果未出现剧烈电晕放电,则说明金具表面没有显著的绝缘缺陷。
为了较为准确地定位温度过热点、紫外缺陷点的三维空间,以便于尽快找到缺陷位置进行电力设备现场维护检修,接下来通过Kalman滤波技术针对典型金具绝缘距离进行实时在线测量。
高压电力阀厅内部空间内布置光学传感器,其布置数量、安装位置均需要进行理论分析。在以上变量固定条件下,则需要考虑优化的算法和数据处理方法判断局部放电出现的位置[16-17]。在高压电力阀厅内部各个关键位置放置光学传感器,光学传感器发射一定频段波长光线并不断扫描,光线接收到局部放电信号位置信息后将其反馈至后台信息处理系统,综合各个传感器位置信息可获得局部放电位置信息。用光学传感器测量已知的局部放电位置,测距误差为0.05 m,大量试验数据统计表明,激光测距仪的测量误差方差R=0.002 5,第k次测距的数据精度不是100%,存在测量噪声V(k),测量方程为Z(k)=X(k)+V(k)。系统的状态方程和观测方程如式(7)所示。
X(k)=AX(k-1)+ΓW(k-1)Z(k)=HX(k)+V(k)
式(7)中:X(k)是一维变量的距离(高度值);A=1,H=1;W(k-1)和V(k)的方差是QR。系统建立后,可以用Kalman滤波器处理噪声W(k)和V(k)。假设要估计第k时刻的实际高度,应根据第k-1时刻的高度预测第k时刻的高度。卡尔曼滤波的状态空间模型对动态系统的描述如式(8)所示。
X(k+1k)=ΦX(kk)
进一步预测协方差矩阵,如式(9)所示。
P(k+1k)=ΦP(kk)ΦT+ΓQΓT
获得滤波器增益矩阵,如式(10)所示。
K(k+1)=P(k+1k)HT[HP(k+1k)HT+R]-1
状态更新得到式(11)~(12)。
X(k+1k+1)=X(k+1k)+K(k+1)ε(k+1)
ε(k+1)=Y(k+1)-HX(k+1k)
协方差矩阵更新得到式(13)~(14)。
P(k+1k+1)=[In-K(k+1)H]P(k+1k)
X(00)=μ0,P(00)=P0
将以上迭代流程在计算机上实现了可运行化编程处理,光程路线如图7所示。
图7可以看出,每个观测传感器均有一定的观测半径,各个观测半径相互叠加,叠加次数出现较多的区域是观测位置概率较大的区域。图7中观测点实际位置与评估距离有一定差异,但定位基本准确。
图8为基于Kalman滤波技术的滤波效果前后对比。
图8可知,未使用Kalman滤波技术时,在0~160 s内对于关键位置处的距离预估偏差跳变较为剧烈,使用Kalman滤波技术后预估偏差跳变幅度缩小,基本控制在同一误差水平,说明Kalman滤波技术具有较好的噪声控制水平。图9展示了典型金具绝缘距离实时在线测量轨迹跟踪效果,可以看出观测距离始终在真实路径附近跳变,证明了文中提出的算法具有逐渐收敛特性。
图10为特高压换流变套管表面温度的分布情况。从图10可以看出,在运行条件下特高压换流变套管过热点主要分布在出线套筒,主要是由于套筒内部为换流变压器内部变压器油,油与变压器绕组直接接触,温度较高。同时在换流阀塔水冷区域同样存在高温区域。
针对特高压换流变套管进行三维建模,如图11所示。特高压换流变套管三维模型包括端部均压罩、换流变尾部均压环和换流变本体等关键部件。三维模型中同时考虑套管端部和中间法兰处均压环、墙体以及内屏蔽结构。此外,换流变套管包括户内、户外两部分,两端空心硅橡胶绝缘子通过中间法兰连接穿过墙体。
图12为特高压换流变套管整体的电场分布。图12表明应通过均压环对三接触点进行有效屏蔽,避免硅橡胶在高场强作用下的电晕烧蚀。由于换流阀厅内部均压罩存在温度过热点,因此重点关注大型均压罩表面电场强度分布情况,如图13所示。从图13可以看出,阀厅大型均压罩内部结构较为复杂,且刚性结构的管型母线与均压罩之间存在柔性触头连接,具有较好的抗震和抗位移能力。高场强主要集中在均压罩下端部,在柔性触头部位也存在高场强区域。
图14为特高压换流阀厅内部典型三接触区域和低压环的三维电场分布。从图14可知,墙体和均压环之间形成了较好的屏蔽区域,使复合绝缘子与接地法兰间的三接触区域形成自然屏蔽区,高场强出现在低压金属环表面,其数值约为900 V/mm。空心复合绝缘子表面最高场强出现在低压屏蔽环前端,主要借助于穿墙套管内部屏蔽层金属结构对套管护套的电场分布起调制作用。
图15为换流变套管复合绝缘子外轮廓提取流程。首先在特高压换流阀厅用换流变套管的本体图像上自动选择种子点[18],在图中用小红点进行标识。进一步应用智能识别技术对换流变压器套管进行图像区域生长,同时对其进行形态学图像处理。经过形态学处理后,换流变套管图像变为黑白二值表示,并提取了空心复合绝缘子外轮廓,图中用绿色线条沿复合绝缘子边缘区域进行了有效标识。同时建立如图16所示的模糊神经网络结构,各个神经元之间通过网络进行连接处理,将换流变套管图像元素信息与各个神经元的网络权值、阈值建立对应关系。
图17为模糊神经网络学习效果。从图17可以看出,神经网络具有较好的学习效果,适应度函数迭代100次后趋于稳定,且模糊神经网络局部权值出现较为典型的非线性特征。换流变套管复合绝缘子外轮廓提取算法是进一步发现其表面异常裂纹曲线的基础操作。通过文中提出的方法首先进行复合绝缘子的外轮廓提取处理,将图像数据进行像素压缩处理,同时进行图像的灰度二值化处理,以上操作均为压缩图片信息内容同时保留图片的关键信息,得到黑白二值图像。在黑白二值图像基础上,进一步循环使用复合绝缘子外轮廓提取算法进行操作,由于正常情况下复合绝缘子的轮廓均为封闭外轮廓区间,层层提取外轮廓就相当于对复合绝缘子外表面进行循环扫描。如果遇到中间突然出现的断裂区间,外轮廓提取算法可有效发现这些不封闭轮廓区域。因此,外轮廓提取算法是发现典型裂纹的算法基础,经过外轮廓提取算法层层剖析复合绝缘子图像可以发现非常规的典型裂纹曲线。
绝缘子在运行过程中承受机械应力、电应力、温度应力联合作用,其本体绝缘瓷套较易出现裂纹缺陷。应用遗传算法和BP神经网络的智能图像处理技术对套管不同程度裂纹区域进行分析,结果如图18所示。应用遗传算法和BP神经网络的智能图像处理技术在现场运行换流变套管绝缘子发现疑似裂纹区域。聚焦大应力载荷、高电场强度区域后发现横状裂纹区域,应用灰度处理算法得到黑白二值图像进行深入研究,进一步证明了联合遗传算法和BP神经网络的智能图像处理技术可有效发掘典型换流变套管用复合绝缘子的缺陷。
(1)未使用Kalman滤波技术时,在0~160 s内对于关键位置处的距离预估偏差跳变较为剧烈,使用Kalman滤波技术后预估偏差跳变幅度缩小,基本控制在同一误差水平。
(2)神经网络具有较好的学习效果,适应度函数迭代100次后趋于稳定,且模糊神经网络局部权值出现较为典型的非线性特征。
(3)本文提出的针对特高压换流阀厅用套管运行状态特征的监测方法可有效发掘潜伏性隐患、定位正发性故障,为主设备套管运行维护提供有效的数据支撑和保护策略。
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2022年第55卷第1期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.01.014
  • 接收时间:2021-02-20
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2021-02-20
  • 修回日期:2021-04-20
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    1国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院,重庆 401123
    2国网重庆市电力公司,重庆 400014
    3重庆理工大学,重庆 400054
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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