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In this paper, three metal-organic framework (MOF) materials MOF-505, Cu-BTC, and MIL-100(Fe) were prepared by solvothermal method, and Cu-BTC with the highest adsorption capacity was selected. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of Cu-BTC, activated carbon, 13X molecular sieve, and activated clay at different initial concentrations and adsorption temperatures was systematically studied. The difference among the adsorption characteristics for aminophenazone of the MOFs was explained by simulation calculations using simulation software. The results show that the adsorption capacity for aminophenazone of Cu-BTC is much higher than that of the other three adsorbents. Under different temperature, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of BTC for aminophenazone at different initial concentrations has much difference, thus the appropriate adsorption temperature should be selected to achieve the optimal adsorption capacity.

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本文采用溶剂热法制备了3种金属有机骨架材料MOF-505、Cu-BTC、MIL-100(Fe),优选了具有最高吸附量的吸附剂Cu-BTC。接着系统研究了Cu-BTC与活性炭、13X分子筛和活性白土在不同初始浓度和吸附温度下对氨基比林的平衡吸附量。利用分子模拟软件进行模拟计算并解释3种MOF材料对氨基比林的吸附特性差异。结果表明:Cu-BTC对氨基比林的吸附量远高于其他3种吸附剂;不同温度下Cu-BTC对不同初始浓度氨基比林的平衡吸附量有较大差异,应采用合适的吸附温度,达到最优的吸附容量。

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赵耀洪(1986-),男(汉族),广东江门人,高级工程师,主要从事电力用油诊断、绝缘油再生处理和设备在线监测技术的研究。

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赵耀洪(1986-),男(汉族),广东江门人,高级工程师,主要从事电力用油诊断、绝缘油再生处理和设备在线监测技术的研究。

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赵耀洪(1986-),男(汉族),广东江门人,高级工程师,主要从事电力用油诊断、绝缘油再生处理和设备在线监测技术的研究。

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figureFileSmall=tOq2wdLZt/UTr/lJKOLgxQ==, figureFileBig=8VUx3Uc8wcnFnyd7uceNjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210253788649230616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210524097286844, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Cu-BTC、MIL-100(Fe)与MOF-505对氨基比林的结合构象, figureFileSmall=tOq2wdLZt/UTr/lJKOLgxQ==, figureFileBig=8VUx3Uc8wcnFnyd7uceNjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210253788779254046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210524097286844, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Adsorption capacity of MOFs for aminophenazone, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料初始浓度/(mg/kg)剩余浓度/(mg/kg)吸附量/(mg/g)
MOF-505100964
Cu-BTC1000100
MIL-100(Fe)1002278
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金属有机骨架材料对氨基比林的吸附量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料初始浓度/(mg/kg)剩余浓度/(mg/kg)吸附量/(mg/g)
MOF-505100964
Cu-BTC1000100
MIL-100(Fe)1002278
), ArticleFig(id=1210253789056078121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210524097286844, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Properties of insulating oil after Cu-BTC treatment, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理过程击穿电压/kV微水/(mg/L)介质损耗因数/%体积电阻率/(×1010Ω·m)
处理前63.721.51.1995.15
处理后89.97.00.07457.31
GB/T 7595—2017指标45.020.01.0006.00
), ArticleFig(id=1210253789152547123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210524097286844, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Cu-BTC处理后绝缘油的性能指标

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处理过程击穿电压/kV微水/(mg/L)介质损耗因数/%体积电阻率/(×1010Ω·m)
处理前63.721.51.1995.15
处理后89.97.00.07457.31
GB/T 7595—2017指标45.020.01.0006.00
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金属有机骨架材料的制备及其对绝缘油中氨基比林的吸附研究
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赵耀洪 1 , 钱艺华 1 , 吴坚 2 , 李智 1 , 王青 1 , 盘思伟 1
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2022,55(10): 20-24
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2022, 55(10): 20-24
金属有机骨架材料的制备及其对绝缘油中氨基比林的吸附研究
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赵耀洪1, 钱艺华1, 吴坚2, 李智1, 王青1, 盘思伟1
作者信息
  • 1广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 广东省电力装备可靠性企业重点实验室, 广东 广州 510080
  • 2华南理工大学 化学与化工学院,广东 广州 510000
  • 赵耀洪(1986-),男(汉族),广东江门人,高级工程师,主要从事电力用油诊断、绝缘油再生处理和设备在线监测技术的研究。

Study on Preparation of MOFs and Their Adsorption of Aminophenazone in Transformer Oil
Yaohong ZHAO1, Yihua QIAN1, Jian WU2, Zhi LI1, Qing WANG1, Siwei PAN1
Affiliations
  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China
  • 2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
出版时间: 2022-10-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.10.004
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本文采用溶剂热法制备了3种金属有机骨架材料MOF-505、Cu-BTC、MIL-100(Fe),优选了具有最高吸附量的吸附剂Cu-BTC。接着系统研究了Cu-BTC与活性炭、13X分子筛和活性白土在不同初始浓度和吸附温度下对氨基比林的平衡吸附量。利用分子模拟软件进行模拟计算并解释3种MOF材料对氨基比林的吸附特性差异。结果表明:Cu-BTC对氨基比林的吸附量远高于其他3种吸附剂;不同温度下Cu-BTC对不同初始浓度氨基比林的平衡吸附量有较大差异,应采用合适的吸附温度,达到最优的吸附容量。

变压器油  /  氨基比林  /  金属有机骨架材料

In this paper, three metal-organic framework (MOF) materials MOF-505, Cu-BTC, and MIL-100(Fe) were prepared by solvothermal method, and Cu-BTC with the highest adsorption capacity was selected. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of Cu-BTC, activated carbon, 13X molecular sieve, and activated clay at different initial concentrations and adsorption temperatures was systematically studied. The difference among the adsorption characteristics for aminophenazone of the MOFs was explained by simulation calculations using simulation software. The results show that the adsorption capacity for aminophenazone of Cu-BTC is much higher than that of the other three adsorbents. Under different temperature, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of BTC for aminophenazone at different initial concentrations has much difference, thus the appropriate adsorption temperature should be selected to achieve the optimal adsorption capacity.

transformer oil  /  aminophenazone  /  metal-organic frameworks
赵耀洪, 钱艺华, 吴坚, 李智, 王青, 盘思伟. 金属有机骨架材料的制备及其对绝缘油中氨基比林的吸附研究. 绝缘材料, 2022 , 55 (10) : 20 -24 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.10.004
Yaohong ZHAO, Yihua QIAN, Jian WU, Zhi LI, Qing WANG, Siwei PAN. Study on Preparation of MOFs and Their Adsorption of Aminophenazone in Transformer Oil[J]. Insulating Materials, 2022 , 55 (10) : 20 -24 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.10.004
近年来,国内部分电网公司陆续出现变压器绝缘电阻严重降低的问题[1-2]。对某电网公司的绝缘油进行排查,发现主要原因是绝缘油中含有一种含氮物质,经分离鉴定,该物质为氨基比林(aminophenazone)[3-4]。氨基比林的分子结构式如图1所示,其分子极性较强[5]。与二苄基二硫醚相似,氨基比林也具备抗氧化性,能够抑制油中微生物繁殖,因此被生产厂家用作变压器油的添加剂。
氨基比林不易降解,在新变压器油中无任何危害,但随着变压器运行年限不断延长,变压器油逐渐发生热氧老化,部分烃类转化为酸,与碱性的氨基比林发生反应而生成难溶于油的盐类物质[5]。因此,变压器油中盐类物质发生聚集而在油中形成离子化合物,降低油纸绝缘性能。目前在运变压器中,仍有大量使用含有氨基比林添加剂的变压器油,需及时脱除氨基比林,以改善变压器油纸绝缘性能。
金属有机骨架材料(metal-organic frameworks,MOF)[6]具有孔径可调、比表面积高以及可以调控的表面性质等多方面的优势,是近年来分离纯化领域的研究热点。金属有机骨架材料是通过无机金属离子或金属簇单元(SBU)与配体配位构成的多维周期性均匀固体材料。过去,因为无机单元包含孤立的多面体或小团簇,多孔混合骨架材料被称为配位聚合物。随后研究人员发现在多孔混合骨架材料中无机单元可以产生多种维度的材料,即从一维链状(1D)、二维层状(2D)到三维骨架(3D),逐渐发展至现在研究的MOFs。目前MOFs在许多研究领域均有报道,如气相储存、吸附分离、生物医学成像、荧光、催化、锂储存、薄膜器件等[7-13]。较为常见的应用是作为氢气和甲烷的气体储存介质以及满足各种分离要求的高吸附容量的吸附剂。然而,MOFs材料用于液相介质吸附再生的报道较少。
本研究制备了MOF-505、Cu-BTC、MIL-100(Fe)3种金属有机骨架材料,并研究其对运行变压器油中氨基比林的吸附性能。
联苯四羧酸(H4BPTC,95%)、均苯三甲酸(H3BTC,≥98%)、三水合硝酸铜(99%)、氧化锌(99%)、硝酸铁(98%)、二甲基甲酰胺(99.9%)、乙醇(99.8%)、丙酮(99.9%),百灵威科技有限公司;氟化铵(99.9%)、铁粉(99.9%),上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司。
(1)MOF-505合成方法:首先在玻璃小瓶中将氧化锌(29.30 mg)与4 mL去离子水混合并超声15 min至浆状,然后将Cu(NO3)2·3H2O(173.95 mg)、6 mL无水乙醇加入后继续超声分散,再将有机配体H4BPTC(82.56 mg)、6 mL二甲基甲酰胺加入混合溶液中进行搅拌25 min,然后对混合液进行抽滤,在抽滤过程中使用二甲基甲酰胺、无水乙醇、去离子水的混合溶液(体积比为3∶2∶2)对固体进行清洗,随后在60℃下用50 mL丙酮对固体进行活化24 h,活化完成后抽滤,在150℃下先干燥1 h,再真空脱气 6 h,得到产物MOF-505。
(2)Cu-BTC合成方法:首先在玻璃小瓶中将氧化锌(293 mg)与16 mL去离子水混合并超声10 min至浆状,然后加入Cu(NO3)2(1.74 g)、16 mL二甲基甲酰胺,搅拌过程中加入H3BTC(0.84 g)与16 mL无水乙醇混合溶液,继续搅拌1 min,然后对混合液进行抽滤,在抽滤过程中使用50 mL无水乙醇清洗3次,最后在150℃环境下真空脱气6 h,得到产物Cu-BTC。
(3)MIL-100(Fe)合成方法:首先将铁粉(0.82 g)、有机配体H3BTC(2.06 g)、浓度为40%的HF(0.6 mL)、浓度为65%的HNO3(1.14 mL)以及80 mL去离子水移至聚四氟乙烯内胆中,搅拌混合5 min,加盖后移至不锈钢反应釜内,置于电热鼓风恒温干燥箱中,程序升温8 h至150℃,在150℃下反应96 h,冷却后用水清洗过滤后得到粗产物。粗产物在80℃下干燥12 h,然后在60℃下用乙醇浸泡20 h,抽滤,60℃下用30 mmol/L 氟化铵浸泡10 h,然后进行水洗抽滤,在80℃下干燥4 h,最后在150℃下真空干燥10 h,得到产物MIL-100(Fe)。
使用蔡司公司GeminiSEM 300型扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对3种MOFs进行观测分析,如图2所示。从图2可以看出,MOF-505具有明显的立方晶体形态,Cu-BTC呈现出八面体的形状,MIL-100(Fe)呈现出多边形的外观,但相较于上述两种MOFs颗粒尺寸显得不够均匀,大小颗粒相互混合,颗粒间距也较为紧凑。
对比3种MOFs对含100 mg/kg氨基比林的绝缘油的吸附情况。试验温度为45℃,吸附时间为 2 h,绝缘油与吸附剂的质量比为1 000∶1,调节机械搅拌的转速为120 r/min,吸附试验后检测氨基比林的剩余含量,并计算3种金属有机骨架材料的吸附量,结果如表1所示。从表1可以看出,Cu-BTC的吸附量最大,为100 mg/g,其次为MIL-100(Fe),MOF-505对氨基比林的吸附量最小,只有4 mg/g。
为了进一步探讨金属有机骨架材料对于绝缘油中氨基比林的吸附性能,将Cu-BTC与活性炭、13X分子筛和活性白土进行对比。在试验过程中,Cu-BTC与绝缘油的质量比为1 000∶1,其他3种吸附剂与绝缘油的质量比为100∶1。在不同温度、不同的氨基比林初始浓度下,4种吸附剂对于绝缘油中氨基比林的吸附量测试结果如图3所示。从图3可以看出,相对于活性炭、13X分子筛和活性白土吸附剂,Cu-BTC表现出显著的吸附性能,其对绝缘油中氨基比林的平衡吸附量最高可达100 mg/g。活性炭、13X分子筛和活性白土吸附剂对氨基比林的吸附量随着绝缘油中氨基比林初始浓度的上升而有所提升,Cu-BTC对氨基比林的吸附量有波动,但吸附量始终远高于其他3种吸附剂。当吸附温度由25℃升至65℃,Cu-BTC对于绝缘油中氨基比林的吸附量未受到显著影响,这说明在一定的温度区间内,Cu-BTC始终可以保持着对氨基比林优异的吸附性能。
利用Materials Studio 7.0的吸附模块模拟计算并解释MOF-505、Cu-BTC、MIL-100(Fe) 3种MOFs对氨基比林的吸附特性差异。在298 K温度下采用Metropolis Monte Carlo(MC)方法,计算氨基比林在MOF吸附材料2×2×2晶胞中的吸附行为,溶剂体系采用正十六烷。对于每一步的MC步骤,考虑吸附质的交换、构象、旋转、平移和再生。采用QEq方法计算吸附剂和吸附质的配分电荷,并采用Ewald法描述两者间的静电作用。吸附剂和氨基比林的范德华力作用采用universal force field(UFF力场)描述,作用力截断半径为8.0 Å。在计算过程中,平衡计算部分采用1×105步,结果统计部分采用1×106步。
3种MOFs与氨基比林相互作用的能量和能量概率如图4所示。从图4可以看出,Cu-BTC与氨基比林相互作用使体系的能量降低最大,结合能为 -36~-45 kcal/mol。MIL-100(Fe)金属有机骨架材料与氨基比林的结合能为-26~-33 kcal/mol,MOF-505与氨基比林的结合能最弱,为-13~-22.5 kcal/mol。结合能从大到小依次为Cu-BTC、MIL-100(Fe)、MOF-505,该趋势与3种MOFs对氨基比林的吸附量趋势一致。
图5为MOF-505、Cu-BTC和MIL-100(Fe)与氨基比林结合能最低的构象。从图5可以看出,MOF-505与氨基比林结合能最低构象中,氨基比林分子主要与MOF-505的配体部分相互作用,整体距离比较远,结合力较弱;Cu-BTC中Cu为非配位饱和状态,氨基比林分子的羰基氧原子与Cu有较强的作用力,从而使体系的结合能降低;MIL-100(Fe)与氨基比林结合时,氨基比林分子的羰基氧原子与Fe有一定作用力,且整个分子与MIL-100(Fe)的配体距离较近,结合力介于Cu-BTC和MOF-505之间。
采用Cu-BTC对变压器油进行处理,处理后绝缘油的性能指标见表2。从表2可以看出,处理后的绝缘油满足GB/T 7595—2017对运行中变压器油的质量要求。
(1)采用溶剂热法制备了3种金属有机骨架材料MOF-505、Cu-BTC和MIL-100(Fe),系统研究了Cu-BTC、活性炭、13X分子筛和活性白土在不同初始浓度和吸附温度下的平衡吸附量,结果表明Cu-BTC对氨基比林的吸附量高于其他3种吸附剂。
(2)不同温度下Cu-BTC对不同初始浓度氨基比林平衡吸附量有波动。
(3)利用Materials Studio软件进行模拟计算,验证了3种MOFs对氨基比林吸附容量差异。结合能由大到小的顺序为Cu-BTC、MIL-100(Fe)、MOF-505,该趋势与3种MOFs对氨基比林的吸附量趋势一致。
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2022年第55卷第10期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.10.004
  • 接收时间:2021-10-10
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2021-10-10
  • 修回日期:2021-11-25
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南方电网公司科技项目(GDKJXM20200363)
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    1广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 广东省电力装备可靠性企业重点实验室, 广东 广州 510080
    2华南理工大学 化学与化工学院,广东 广州 510000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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