Article(id=1210210523812074163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210210518682431674, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.10.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1633795200000, receivedDateStr=2021-10-10, revisedDate=1638547200000, revisedDateStr=2021-12-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766466273500, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1666195200000, pubDateStr=2022-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766466273500, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766466273500, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766466273500, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210210518682431674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2022', volume='55', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766466272277, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563185976, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210617004252328399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210210518682431674, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210617004252328400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210210518682431674, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=107, endPage=112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210210524084703930, articleId=1210210523812074163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Study on Test Method for Dielectric Loss Factor of High Voltage Power Cable Based on Resonance Characteristic, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

According to the characteristics of series resonance circuit, a new model for calculating the dielectric dissipation factor of high-voltage power cable was established, and a new dielectric loss factor calculating formula derived from the differential power of the series resonance circuit was proposed. On the basis of test model, the dielectric dissipation factor of XLPE power cable was calculated by the step-up or step-down process of the series resonance to solve the problem of dielectric dissipation measuring of high voltage and large capacity cable. The results show that the simulation calculating values of circuit parameters and field test results match with the actual values. Compared with conventional electric bridge method, the test method for calculating dielectric dissipation factor based on the resonance characteristic is more accurate to a certain extent. This provides a reference for testing the dielectric dissipation factor of high voltage and high capacity power cable.

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根据串联谐振电路特性,建立一种新的高压电力电缆介质损耗因数计算模型,并提出一种新的基于串联谐振电路功率微分的介质损耗因数计算公式。基于谐振特性的交联聚乙烯高压电缆介质损耗因数测试模型,利用串联谐振的升(降)压阶段测试电缆的介质损耗因数,解决高电压大电容电缆介质损耗测试的难题。结果表明:电路参数仿真计算值、现场试验值与真实值均基本一致,与现有常规电桥法相比,基于谐振特性的介质损耗因数测试方法在一定程度上更加准确,为高电压大容量电力电缆的介质损耗因数测试提供参考。

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汪锐(1984-),男(汉族),四川眉山人,高级工程师,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究。

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汪锐(1984-),男(汉族),四川眉山人,高级工程师,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究。

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汪锐(1984-),男(汉族),四川眉山人,高级工程师,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究。

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articleId=1210210523812074163, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Parallel equivalent circuit diagram of dielectric, figureFileSmall=jFau/0u0ZDIAgu2RbDbWHA==, figureFileBig=R0yz2PN607DlvBgRGbaetw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210253783423119540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210523812074163, language=CN, label=图1, caption=绝缘介质的并联等效电路图, figureFileSmall=jFau/0u0ZDIAgu2RbDbWHA==, figureFileBig=R0yz2PN607DlvBgRGbaetw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210253783574114498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210523812074163, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The resonance circuit diagram of dielectric dissipation factor test for XPLE power cable, figureFileSmall=SD1LPJbKHwx8/S4wUSIjXw==, figureFileBig=P+Q8OFi4kG/5Q0dW4Yrbeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210253783691555020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210523812074163, language=CN, label=图2, 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ArticleFig(id=1210253784534610163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210523812074163, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=The values of circuit parameters and errors, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数电容C'/μF等效电阻Requ1等效电阻Requ2(55.50 Hz)/Ω

等效电阻Requ2

(55.51 Hz)/Ω

等效电阻差值Requ1-Requ2(55.50 Hz)/Ω等效电阻差值Requ1-Requ2(55.51 Hz)/Ω对应50 Hz介损(55.50 Hz)对应50 Hz介损(55.51 Hz)
实际值0.1118.221 97118.22345118.220 49-0.001 480.001 480.031 9%0.031 9%
仿真值0.099 99118.222 31118.22369118.220 75-0.001 380.001 560.029 6%0.0336 %
误差/%0.01-6.765.41-7.215.33
), ArticleFig(id=1210253784643662069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210523812074163, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电路参数值及误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数电容C'/μF等效电阻Requ1等效电阻Requ2(55.50 Hz)/Ω

等效电阻Requ2

(55.51 Hz)/Ω

等效电阻差值Requ1-Requ2(55.50 Hz)/Ω等效电阻差值Requ1-Requ2(55.51 Hz)/Ω对应50 Hz介损(55.50 Hz)对应50 Hz介损(55.51 Hz)
实际值0.1118.221 97118.22345118.220 49-0.001 480.001 480.031 9%0.031 9%
仿真值0.099 99118.222 31118.22369118.220 75-0.001 380.001 560.029 6%0.0336 %
误差/%0.01-6.765.41-7.215.33
), ArticleFig(id=1210253784756908283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210523812074163, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=The results of diverse dielectric dissipation factor test methods, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
介损测试法电容/nF介质损耗因数/%
谐振特性法(23.7 kV)101.2180.031 3
工频介损测试法(反接法)(23.7 kV)102.560.034 3
工频介损测试法(正接法)(23.7 kV)101.780.032 8
与反接法对比偏差-1.30%-8.75
与正接法对比偏差-0.55%-4.57
), ArticleFig(id=1210253784891126017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210523812074163, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同介损测试方法试验结果

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介损测试法电容/nF介质损耗因数/%
谐振特性法(23.7 kV)101.2180.031 3
工频介损测试法(反接法)(23.7 kV)102.560.034 3
工频介损测试法(正接法)(23.7 kV)101.780.032 8
与反接法对比偏差-1.30%-8.75
与正接法对比偏差-0.55%-4.57
), ArticleFig(id=1210253784995983621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210523812074163, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=The test results of dielectric dissipation factor under different test voltages, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试电压/kV介损值/%
升压阶段降压阶段
10.00.031 10.031 0
23.70.031 30.031 3
40.50.031 50.031 6
52.00.031 80.031 7
63.50.032 30.032 2
72.70.032 80.032 7
), ArticleFig(id=1210253785142784265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210210523812074163, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同测试电压下介损试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试电压/kV介损值/%
升压阶段降压阶段
10.00.031 10.031 0
23.70.031 30.031 3
40.50.031 50.031 6
52.00.031 80.031 7
63.50.032 30.032 2
72.70.032 80.032 7
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基于谐振特性的高压电缆介损测试方法研究
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汪锐 1 , 牟志远 1 , 任长永 2
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2022,55(10): 107-112
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2022, 55(10): 107-112
基于谐振特性的高压电缆介损测试方法研究
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汪锐1, 牟志远1, 任长永2
作者信息
  • 1国网四川省电力公司眉山供电公司,四川 眉山 620010
  • 2保定腾远电力科技有限公司,河北 保定 071051
  • 汪锐(1984-),男(汉族),四川眉山人,高级工程师,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究。

Study on Test Method for Dielectric Loss Factor of High Voltage Power Cable Based on Resonance Characteristic
Rui WANG1, Zhiyuan MOU1, Changyong REN2
Affiliations
  • 1Meishan Power Supply Company of State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company, Meishan 620010, China
  • 2Baoding Tengyuan Electric Technology Co., Ltd., Baoding 071051, China
出版时间: 2022-10-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.10.017
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根据串联谐振电路特性,建立一种新的高压电力电缆介质损耗因数计算模型,并提出一种新的基于串联谐振电路功率微分的介质损耗因数计算公式。基于谐振特性的交联聚乙烯高压电缆介质损耗因数测试模型,利用串联谐振的升(降)压阶段测试电缆的介质损耗因数,解决高电压大电容电缆介质损耗测试的难题。结果表明:电路参数仿真计算值、现场试验值与真实值均基本一致,与现有常规电桥法相比,基于谐振特性的介质损耗因数测试方法在一定程度上更加准确,为高电压大容量电力电缆的介质损耗因数测试提供参考。

谐振特性  /  介质损耗因数测试方法  /  功率微分  /  高压电力电缆

According to the characteristics of series resonance circuit, a new model for calculating the dielectric dissipation factor of high-voltage power cable was established, and a new dielectric loss factor calculating formula derived from the differential power of the series resonance circuit was proposed. On the basis of test model, the dielectric dissipation factor of XLPE power cable was calculated by the step-up or step-down process of the series resonance to solve the problem of dielectric dissipation measuring of high voltage and large capacity cable. The results show that the simulation calculating values of circuit parameters and field test results match with the actual values. Compared with conventional electric bridge method, the test method for calculating dielectric dissipation factor based on the resonance characteristic is more accurate to a certain extent. This provides a reference for testing the dielectric dissipation factor of high voltage and high capacity power cable.

resonance characteristic  /  dielectric dissipation factor test method  /  differential power  /  high voltage power cable
汪锐, 牟志远, 任长永. 基于谐振特性的高压电缆介损测试方法研究. 绝缘材料, 2022 , 55 (10) : 107 -112 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.10.017
Rui WANG, Zhiyuan MOU, Changyong REN. Study on Test Method for Dielectric Loss Factor of High Voltage Power Cable Based on Resonance Characteristic[J]. Insulating Materials, 2022 , 55 (10) : 107 -112 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.10.017
随着交联聚乙烯(cross-linked polyethylene,XLPE)电力电缆大规模应用于电力系统中,对电缆绝缘性能的检测就显得尤为重要。介质损耗因数(介损)测试作为一种常用的非破坏性绝缘性能诊断方法[1],主要分为超低频(very low fre-quency,VLF)介损、工频介损、振荡波介损和异频介损等[1-4]
超低频介损测试广泛应用于中压交联聚乙烯电力电缆的绝缘老化诊断试验[1,3-12],具有试验装置便于携带、灵敏度高、可测试较长电缆等优点,其缺点是测试频率与实际运行工频频率差异较大,当测试频率低于0.01 Hz时可能引起电缆中空间电荷的积累[3]。D KIM等[5]研究发现随着电缆长度的增加,超低频介损测试值趋于减小,该方法能测试的中压电缆最大长度为1 500 m。
工频介损测试的优点是测试频率与运行工况相同[13],对于老化电缆的测试精度高[7,14-15],缺点是电源容量需求高[4],随电缆长度增加而显著增大。
振荡波电压因具有与工频交流电压较好的等效性,有学者提出采用振荡波电压进行电缆介损测量[2],通过采集振荡波电压、电流的波形,求取波形衰减系数及电压电流相位差得到电缆介损,该方法经验证具有一定实用性,但未充分考虑线路分布参数和行波反射对于检测波形衰减系数和电压电流相位差的影响[16-17]
除此之外,还有异频介损测试的方法[18],利用串联谐振原理对被试品进行升压,结合介损电桥测量桥体,采用电桥法测量被试品介损。该方法主要应用于40 kV及以下的大电容量电气设备,且需要配置标准电容器、介损电桥等测量设备。
综上所述,超低频介损法、工频介损法、振荡波介损法和异频介损法受测试仪器输出电压、电源容量、行波反射等因素限制,在针对高电压(110 kV及以上)、长距离交联聚乙烯电力电缆介损测试时存在一定局限性。本文将从电路角度出发,建立电力电缆介损测试的谐振电路模型,利用串联谐振回路产生介损测试需要的试验电压,并推衍出基于谐振特性的电力电缆介损测试功率微分计算法,对高电压、长距离交联聚乙烯电力电缆介损测试开展细致深入的研究。
将XPLE电力电缆的绝缘介质以并联电路模型等值[2-4,19-20],以计算实际中产生的介质损耗,如图1所示。其介质损耗因数计算公式为式(1)[2-4,19-20]
tanδ=1ωRC
式(1)中:ω=2πf为角频率;R为电力电缆的等值绝缘电阻;C为电力电缆的等值电容量。
由XPLE电力电缆绝缘介质的并联电路模型,串联电抗器构成变频串联谐振电路,利用电抗器的感抗补偿电力电缆的容抗,可大幅减小变频电源VAC的容量,测试电路如图2所示。图2中,L为电抗器的电感,r为除电力电缆之外的其他电阻之和,包括电抗器线圈电阻、引线电阻、接头接触电阻等。
图1中绝缘介质的并联等效电路模型按阻抗相等原则转换为串联电路,则有式(2)~(3)。
C'=1+ωCR2ω2CR2
R'=R1+ωCR2
式(2)~(3)中:C'为串联电路中电力电缆的等值电容量;R'为串联电路中电力电缆的等值绝缘电阻。
根据图2的谐振电路,电路电流为I,可以计算电路中的有功功率P和无功功率Q,分别如式(4)式(5)所示。
P=I2r+R'=I2r+R1+ωCR2
Q=I2ωC'=I2ωCR21+ωCR2
利用式(4)式(5)分别对角频率ω求导,可得式(6)式(7),从而得出式(8)
dPdω=-2I2ωR3C21+ωCR22
dQdω=I2R2C1-ωCR21+ωCR22
dPdQ=dPdωdQdω=-2ωCR1-ωCR2=2ωCR1-1ωCR2=2tanδ1-tanδ2=tan2δ
式(8)可知,保持串联谐振电路的电流I不变的情况下,变换角频率ω,有功功率P对无功功率Q的微分等于tan2δ
根据式(1)可得,异频下绝缘介质的介质损耗因数与工频下的关系为式(9)
tanδ50=f50tanδ
式(9)中,tanδ50和tanδ分别为频率为50 Hz和f时的介质损耗因数。
谐振电路的介损计算流程如图3所示。图3中,在XPLE电力电缆介损测试前,需要计算串联电抗器的电感量L。初始化后,变频电源VAC输出一较低电压U0,在20~300 Hz内变换频率f寻找电路谐振点。发生谐振时,整个谐振电路的功率因数cosϕ=1,电路中电流I最大,可得式(10)~(12)。
ω1=2πf1
C'=1ω12L
Requ1=U0Imax=R1'+r
式(10)~(12)中:ω1f1分别为谐振角频率和谐振频率;C'为发生谐振时的电路等效电容量;Requ1为谐振时电路的等效总电阻,包括谐振时电力电缆的等值绝缘电阻R1'及电抗器线圈电阻、引线电阻、接头接触电阻等电阻之和r
将电路频率f略微变化(Δf0.5Hz),使电路处于非谐振状态,同时升高变频电源输出电压至U',以保持电路中总电流I=Imax,此时整个电路的功率因数cosϕ1。化简式(2)可得式(13)
C'=C+1ω2CR2
分析式(13)可知,对绝大多数XPLE高压电力电缆(长度≥100 m,对应等值电容量≥10 nF),其等值绝缘电阻R在10 MΩ以上,存在关系式ωCR2>>1,即C>>1ω2CR2。综上所述,变换频率后的非谐振状态下的等值电容量可采用谐振状态下的等值电容量C'代替,进行电路参数的计算,如式(14)~(17)所示。
ω2=2πf2
Z=U'Imax
X=ω2L-1ω2C'
Requ2=Z2-X2
式(14)~(17)中:ω2f2分别为非谐振角频率和非谐振频率;Z为非谐振状态下的电路总阻抗;X为非谐振状态下的电路总电抗;Requ2为非谐振状态下的电路等效总电阻。
综上,根据式(8)的介损计算公式,因介质损耗因数tanδ是只与材料特性有关的物理量[21],故有式(18)
tan2δ=dPdQ=ΔPΔQ=Imax2Requ1-Requ2Imax2C'1ω1-1ω2=C'Requ1-Requ21ω1-1ω2
式(18)即是XPLE电力电缆绝缘介质的介损计算公式。
式(18)可算出谐振频率f1下的介损值tanδ,结合式(9)转换得出工频下的介损值tanδ50
针对建立的基于谐振特性的XPLE电力电缆介损测试模型,本研究以电路仿真软件Multisim 12为平台进行仿真试验。
以中山长能公司生产的YJLW02 64/110 1×800型110 kV高压电力电缆为例,电容量为0.214 μF/km,该电缆长度约为467 m,总电容量约为0.1 μF、绝缘电阻约为100 MΩ。对应选取串联谐振电抗器,测得实际电感量为82.22 H、电阻为110 Ω,建立仿真电路如图4所示。图4中,V1为变频电源、XWM1为功率因素表、XMM2为电流表、XMM3为电压表。
根据图3的XPLE电力电缆介损测试流程,设置变频电源V1输出一较低电压100 V,在20~300 Hz内变换频率寻找电路谐振点,测得谐振频率为55.505 Hz。发生谐振时,整个电路的功率因数cosϕ=1,电路总电流I为845.864 mA,电缆上电压为24.254 kV。
在谐振频率附近微调频率,将变频电源V1输出频率分别微调至55.50 Hz和55.51 Hz,同时提高变频电源输出电压,保持电路总电流I为845.864 mA不变,由式(10)~(18)可计算出电力电缆介损值,相关电路参数值如表1所示。
表1可以看出,电容、等效电阻的仿真值与实际值基本一致,等效电阻差值、介损值的误差均在10%以内,将谐振频率两侧介损值做算术平均后误差更小(-0.94%),验证了该电路模型的有效性。
为了验证基于谐振特性的XPLE电力电缆介损测试方法的有效性,本文对前述YJLW02 64/110 1×800型110 kV高压电力电缆进行现场介损试验,如图5所示。
试验中,采用的高精度变频电源在交流电压为0~450 V内连续可调,频率为20~300 Hz连续可调,同时测量输出电流。选取串联谐振电抗器,测得实际电感量为82.22 H、电阻为110 Ω。采用电容分压器测量被试电缆上施加的试验电压。
试验时,首先设定变频电源输出电压为100 V,调节电源频率寻找电路谐振点f=55.17 Hz,此时电路总电流I为832.46 mA,电缆上电压约为23.7 kV。随后微调电源输出频率,分别微调至55.16 Hz和55.18 Hz,同时提高变频电源输出电压,保持电路总电流大小不变,依据式(10)~(18)计算电力电缆介损值。
另外,采用外接工频高压试验变压器和高压标准电容器,搭配济南泛华AI-6000M型介损测试仪,外施高电压(23.7 kV)进行介损对比测试,相关试验结果如表2所示。从表2可以看出,谐振特性法与常规工频介损测试的正接法、反接法相比,测得被试XPLE电力电缆的电容量和介损值均接近,电容量偏差在1%左右,介损值偏差在10%内。谐振特性法能消除试验引线、接头接触电阻的影响,在一定程度上提升介损测试的精度。
结合高压电力电缆串联谐振交流耐压试验,采集升压及降压阶段的电压、电流和频率,可同步获得电缆交流耐压试验前后绝缘介质的状态,测试结果如表3所示。由表3可见,介损随测试电压升高呈逐步增大的趋势,相同电压下升压、降压阶段对应的介损值基本一致。
本文根据XPLE高压电缆串联谐振耐压试验电路,结合绝缘介质的并联等效电路模型,建立基于谐振特性的XPLE高压电缆介损测试电路,并推衍出基于谐振特性的功率微分介损计算法,解决目前110 kV及以上高电压、长距离XPLE电力电缆的介损测试难题。利用高压电力电缆串联谐振耐压试验时,在升降压阶段采集电压、电流、频率等电路参数即可完成介损测试。
针对110 kV高压电力电缆,仿真结果表明:通过测量变频电源输出的电压、电流和频率,仿真计算值能较准确地反映电容、电阻等电气参数,介质损耗因数换算至50 Hz下时与实际值相一致。现场试验结果表明:基于谐振特性的介损测试法,测试结果与正接法、反接法试验结果相吻合,谐振特性法能消除引线电阻、接触电阻等电路固有电阻的影响,在一定程度上提升介损测试的精度。结合高压电力电缆串联谐振交流耐压试验,可同步获得电缆交流耐压试验前后绝缘介质的状态,为准确评估交流耐压前后绝缘介质的性能提供参考。
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2022年第55卷第10期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.10.017
  • 接收时间:2021-10-10
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2021-10-10
  • 修回日期:2021-12-04
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    1国网四川省电力公司眉山供电公司,四川 眉山 620010
    2保定腾远电力科技有限公司,河北 保定 071051
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