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Article(id=1210201342954566517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210201336646333244, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.09.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1630425600000, receivedDateStr=2021-09-01, revisedDate=1634572800000, revisedDateStr=2021-10-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766464084613, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1663603200000, pubDateStr=2022-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766464084613, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766464084613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766464084613, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210201336646333244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2022', volume='55', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='115', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766464083110, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563169207, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210616933930635542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210201336646333244, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210616933930635543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210201336646333244, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=35, endPage=39, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210201343210419073, articleId=1210201342954566517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Preparation and Properties of Non-crosslinking Polypropylene Based Cable Material, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A series of polypropylene/ethylene propylene copolymer (PP/EPC) cable materials were prepared by blending polypropylene (PP) with two kinds of ethylene propylene copolymer (EPC) with different ethylene content. The effects of EPC types and contents on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of PP were investigated. The results show that the addition of EPC improves the toughness of PP significantly on the basis of maintaining the original excellent thermal and electrical properties of PP, and the toughening effect is more obvious by increasing the amount of EPC and the ethylene content in EPC.

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分别采用两种不同乙烯含量的乙丙共聚物（EPC）与聚丙烯（PP）共混，制备了一系列聚丙烯/乙丙共聚物（PP/EPC）电缆材料。考察了EPC种类及添加量对PP力学性能、热性能、电性能等的影响。结果表明：EPC的引入在保持PP原有优异热性能与电性能的基础上显著改善了PP的韧性，提高EPC添加量和EPC中乙烯含量对PP材料的增韧效果更为明显。

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于凡（1986-），男（汉族），北京人，高级工程师，研究方向为电力系统装备用绝缘材料。

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于凡（1986-），男（汉族），北京人，高级工程师，研究方向为电力系统装备用绝缘材料。

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于凡（1986-），男（汉族），北京人，高级工程师，研究方向为电力系统装备用绝缘材料。

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keyword=增韧), Keyword(id=1210526161298387906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=乙丙共聚物), Keyword(id=1210526161373885383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=电性能), Keyword(id=1210526161449382863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=热性能)], refs=[Reference(id=1210526165131980912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=47, issue=1, pageStart=22, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=王亚, 吕泽鹏, 吴锴, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王亚,吕泽鹏,吴锴,等.高压直流XLPE电缆研究现状[J].绝缘材料,2014,47(1):22-25., articleTitle=高压直流XLPE电缆研究现状, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210526165186506867, 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Materials,2020,13:3935., articleTitle=Enhanced morphology-dependent tensile property and breakdown strength of impact polypropylene copolymer for cable insulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210526165559799946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=337, pageEnd=343, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=何金良, 彭琳, 周垚, journalName=高电压技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何金良,彭琳,周垚.环保型高压直流电缆绝缘材料研究进展[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):337-343., articleTitle=环保型高压直流电缆绝缘材料研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210526165664657551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=徐航, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐航.基于聚丙烯的高压直流电缆绝缘改性与空间电荷特性研究[D].天津:天津大学,2017., articleTitle=基于聚丙烯的高压直流电缆绝缘改性与空间电荷特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210526165777903762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=36, issue=1, pageStart=8, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=HUANGX Y, ZHANGJ, JIANGP K, journalName=IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANGX Y, ZHANGJ, JIANGP K, et al. Material progress toward recyclable insulation of power cables Part 2: Polypropylene-based thermoplastic materials[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2020,36(1):8-18., articleTitle=Material progress toward recyclable insulation of power cables Part 2: Polypropylene-based thermoplastic materials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210526165899538584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=46, issue=null, pageStart=4058, pageEnd=4070, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=HOSIERI L, VAUGHANA S, SWINGLERS G, journalName=Journal of Materials Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOSIERI L, VAUGHANA S, SWINGLERS G. An investigation of the potential of polypropylene and its blends for use in recyclable high voltage cable insulation systems[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2011,46:4058-4070., articleTitle=An investigation of the potential of polypropylene and its blends for use in recyclable high voltage cable insulation systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210526166000201886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=183, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=HOSIERI L, COZZARINIL, VAUGHANA S, journalName=Journal of Physics: Conference Series, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOSIERI L, COZZARINIL, VAUGHANA S, et al. Propylene based systems for high voltage cable insulation applications[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series,2009,183:012015., articleTitle=Propylene based systems for high voltage cable insulation applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210526166100865189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=2, pageStart=13, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=张博文, 刘喜军, 王宇威, journalName=工程塑料应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张博文,刘喜军,王宇威,等.乙丙嵌段共聚物改性PP/EPR共混物[J].工程塑料应用,2020,48(2):13-18., articleTitle=乙丙嵌段共聚物改性PP/EPR共混物, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210526166184751274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=郭其阳, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭其阳.基于聚丙烯的高性能电绝缘材料的研究[D].长春:中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,2018., articleTitle=基于聚丙烯的高性能电绝缘材料的研究, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1210526164939042920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, awardId=525500190017, language=CN, fundingSource=国家电网公司自筹项目(525500190017), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210526157016003336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210526157032780552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, companyId=1210526157016003336, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology, Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210526157036974857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, companyId=1210526157016003336, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 先进输电技术国家重点实验室，北京 102209)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210526161742984163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=SEM images of PP/EPC2-20, figureFileSmall=NcJgPcl+7PvW+h2ilGmrpA==, figureFileBig=k+vdoFnlmbWc59Q0MIgsQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210526161826870250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PP/EPC2-20样品的SEM图, figureFileSmall=NcJgPcl+7PvW+h2ilGmrpA==, figureFileBig=k+vdoFnlmbWc59Q0MIgsQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210526163093550068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=DSC melting curves of PP, EPC, and PP/EPC blends, figureFileSmall=mtWgEP5lBL3MfqaAF9zvcA==, figureFileBig=bhswnb9KQk8TCmcLcqINRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210526163290682363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PP、EPC及PP/EPC共混物的DSC熔融曲线, figureFileSmall=mtWgEP5lBL3MfqaAF9zvcA==, figureFileBig=bhswnb9KQk8TCmcLcqINRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210526163395538948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Mechanical properties of PP and PP/EPC blends, figureFileSmall=SDhtxgNhPhh1QXhBm1/7kA==, figureFileBig=e4KBel0mtZ6dED/4ix1+5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210526163492007945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=CN, label=图3, caption=PP及PP/EPC共混物的力学性能, figureFileSmall=SDhtxgNhPhh1QXhBm1/7kA==, figureFileBig=e4KBel0mtZ6dED/4ix1+5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210526163622031377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Electric strength and volume resistivity of PP and PP/EPC blends, figureFileSmall=BWtETg4YF4xaQ/vkIgG2Kw==, figureFileBig=ALmn5jDiHnn64VYfAgSwVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210526163726888982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PP及PP/EPC共混物的电气强度与体积电阻率, figureFileSmall=BWtETg4YF4xaQ/vkIgG2Kw==, figureFileBig=ALmn5jDiHnn64VYfAgSwVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210526163827552286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Sample number, EPC type and dosage, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品EPC1含量/份EPC2含量/份
PP/EPC1-10100
PP/EPC1-20200
PP/EPC2-10010
PP/EPC2-20020
), ArticleFig(id=1210526163936604198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样品编号与EPC种类及用量

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样品EPC1含量/份EPC2含量/份
PP/EPC1-10100
PP/EPC1-20200
PP/EPC2-10010
PP/EPC2-20020
), ArticleFig(id=1210526164041461805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Melt flow index of PP, EPC, and PP/EPC blends, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品熔融指数/(g/10min)
PP/EPC1-103.5
PP/EPC1-203.6
PP/EPC2-104.1
PP/EPC2-204.4
PP3.1
EPC13.7
EPC29.1
), ArticleFig(id=1210526164142125110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

PP、EPC及PP/EPC共混物的熔融指数

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样品熔融指数/(g/10min)
PP/EPC1-103.5
PP/EPC1-203.6
PP/EPC2-104.1
PP/EPC2-204.4
PP3.1
EPC13.7
EPC29.1
), ArticleFig(id=1210526164251177022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=DSC data of PP, EPC, and PP/EPC blends, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Tm/℃ΔHm/(J/g)Tc/℃ΔHc/(J/g)Xc/%
PP/EPC1-10162.278.4114.777.637.5
PP/EPC1-20164.263.5112.663.030.4
PP/EPC2-10165.080.3114.179.238.4
PP/EPC2-20162.768.2118.566.632.6
PP163.395.2114.191.745.5
EPC178.835.731.932.315.5
EPC2—————
), ArticleFig(id=1210526164356034628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

PP、EPC及PP/EPC共混物的DSC数据

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样品Tm/℃ΔHm/(J/g)Tc/℃ΔHc/(J/g)Xc/%
PP/EPC1-10162.278.4114.777.637.5
PP/EPC1-20164.263.5112.663.030.4
PP/EPC2-10165.080.3114.179.238.4
PP/EPC2-20162.768.2118.566.632.6
PP163.395.2114.191.745.5
EPC178.835.731.932.315.5
EPC2—————
), ArticleFig(id=1210526164465086539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=Mechanical properties data of PP and PP/EPC blends, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品断裂伸长率/%弯曲模量/GPa拉伸强度/MPa
PP247.51.935.8
PP/EPC1-10269.41.132.5
PP/EPC1-20340.60.930.7
PP/EPC2-10308.01.031.0
PP/EPC2-20546.51.027.1
), ArticleFig(id=1210526164578332751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

PP及PP/EPC共混物的力学性能数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品断裂伸长率/%弯曲模量/GPa拉伸强度/MPa
PP247.51.935.8
PP/EPC1-10269.41.132.5
PP/EPC1-20340.60.930.7
PP/EPC2-10308.01.031.0
PP/EPC2-20546.51.027.1
), ArticleFig(id=1210526164674801748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=Electrical properties of PP and PP/EPC blends, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品电气强度/(kV/mm)体积电阻率/(×1017Ω·cm)介质损耗因数/(×10-4)相对介电常数
PP102.14.14.52.1
PP/EPC1-10119.51.21.02.1
PP/EPC1-20128.22.70.72.2
PP/EPC2-10127.067.51.02.2
PP/EPC2-20136.757.30.92.2
), ArticleFig(id=1210526164771270750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210201342954566517, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

PP及PP/EPC共混物的电性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品电气强度/(kV/mm)体积电阻率/(×1017Ω·cm)介质损耗因数/(×10-4)相对介电常数
PP102.14.14.52.1
PP/EPC1-10119.51.21.02.1
PP/EPC1-20128.22.70.72.2
PP/EPC2-10127.067.51.02.2
PP/EPC2-20136.757.30.92.2
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非交联型聚丙烯基电缆料的制备及性能研究
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于凡 , 闫轰达 , 林子春 , 赵丽丽 , 蔡立民 , 王帅 , 杨威
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2022,55(9): 35-39
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2022, 55(9): 35-39
非交联型聚丙烯基电缆料的制备及性能研究
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于凡, 闫轰达, 林子春, 赵丽丽, 蔡立民, 王帅, 杨威
作者信息
  • 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 先进输电技术国家重点实验室，北京 102209

    • 于凡（1986-），男（汉族），北京人，高级工程师，研究方向为电力系统装备用绝缘材料。

Preparation and Properties of Non-crosslinking Polypropylene Based Cable Material
Fan YU, Hongda YAN, Zichun LIN, Lili ZHAO, Limin CAI, Shuai WANG, Wei YANG
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology, Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
出版时间: 2022-09-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.09.006
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摘要
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分别采用两种不同乙烯含量的乙丙共聚物（EPC）与聚丙烯（PP）共混，制备了一系列聚丙烯/乙丙共聚物（PP/EPC）电缆材料。考察了EPC种类及添加量对PP力学性能、热性能、电性能等的影响。结果表明：EPC的引入在保持PP原有优异热性能与电性能的基础上显著改善了PP的韧性，提高EPC添加量和EPC中乙烯含量对PP材料的增韧效果更为明显。

聚丙烯基电缆材料  /  增韧  /  乙丙共聚物  /  电性能  /  热性能

A series of polypropylene/ethylene propylene copolymer (PP/EPC) cable materials were prepared by blending polypropylene (PP) with two kinds of ethylene propylene copolymer (EPC) with different ethylene content. The effects of EPC types and contents on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of PP were investigated. The results show that the addition of EPC improves the toughness of PP significantly on the basis of maintaining the original excellent thermal and electrical properties of PP, and the toughening effect is more obvious by increasing the amount of EPC and the ethylene content in EPC.

PP based cable material  /  toughening  /  ethylene propylene copolymer  /  electrical properties  /  thermal properties
于凡, 闫轰达, 林子春, 赵丽丽, 蔡立民, 王帅, 杨威. 非交联型聚丙烯基电缆料的制备及性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2022 , 55 (9) : 35 -39 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.09.006
Fan YU, Hongda YAN, Zichun LIN, Lili ZHAO, Limin CAI, Shuai WANG, Wei YANG. Preparation and Properties of Non-crosslinking Polypropylene Based Cable Material[J]. Insulating Materials, 2022 , 55 (9) : 35 -39 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.09.006
正文
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0 引言
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随着我国的社会进步与经济发展，国家对电力的需求逐渐增长。其中聚丙烯（PP）绝缘电缆由于其低碳环保、较高的运行温度、优异的介电性能等材料优势，以及生产周期短的工艺优势，在未来城市中心输电、近海风电电网等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
但我国的高性能PP输电电缆材料技术水平与世界先进水平相比仍有一定差距[1]。这是因为我国的高性能PP输电电缆技术存在两个问题：其一是材料性能问题，即难以制备出兼具优良热性能、力学性能、电性能的PP电缆材料；其二是材料制造能力问题，即难以高效、大规模、连续的制备PP电缆材料。
聚乙烯（PE）、交联聚乙烯（XLPE）是常见的电缆绝缘材料，均具有优异的电性能，但是它们在耐热性、环保等方面有所不足。PE的耐热性较差，常用的低密度PE熔点仅约110℃，难以满足高电压大容量电缆的工作温度要求[2]。XLPE虽然在PE的基础上改善了耐热性，但存在难以回收、工艺复杂、成本高、电性能不稳定等问题[3-4]。与前两者相比，PP具有很好的耐热性（例如等规PP的熔点高达165℃），无需交联即可满足电缆料的工作温度要求。但是PP的韧性较差，无法满足电缆铺设安装的要求[5-6]。因此，提高PP电缆料的韧性，同时在韧性、耐热性、电性能间取得平衡，有望研究出性能优异的非交联型PP基电缆料。但是PP电缆料韧性的提高往往会牺牲其耐热性和绝缘性能，因此综合性能优异的非交联型PP基电缆料仍有待进一步研究[7]。
本研究选择两种不同乙烯含量的乙丙共聚物（EPC），利用EPC与PP极好的相容性及EPC的高流动性，制备一系列PP/EPC共混物，系统考察EPC乙烯含量及EPC添加量对共混物韧性、耐热性及电性能的影响，以期开发一种综合性能优异的非交联型PP基电缆料[8-10]。
1 实验
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1.1 主要原材料
聚丙烯（PP，T30s型），埃克森美孚化工有限公司；AO225型抗氧剂，临沂三丰化工有限公司；乙丙共聚物1（EPC1，乙烯摩尔分数为9%，Mn=1.08×105，PDI=2.14）、乙丙共聚物2（EPC2，乙烯摩尔分数为15%，Mn=7.98×104，PDI=2.14），自制。
1.2 仪器及设备
同向双螺杆配混挤出机，TE35型，南京市科倍隆科亚机械有限公司；高混机，SHR-10A型，张家港市晨星机械有限公司；差示扫描量热仪（DSC），Q200型，美国TA公司；实验用微型注塑机，WZS10D型，上海新硕精密机械有限公司；电子万能材料试验机，AGS-X10型，岛津仪器（苏州）有限公司；微机控制电子万能试验机，RGT-5型，深圳市瑞格尔仪器有限公司；扫描电子显微镜（SEM），7800F型，日本电子公司（JEOL）；熔体流动速率仪，FBS-400BT型，厦门市弗布斯检测设备有限公司；高阻计，Keithley 6517B型，美国Keithley公司；击穿介电仪，D149型，德国Tettex公司；介质损耗测试仪，TETTEX2830型，德国Tettex公司；平板硫化机，LP-S-50/COMP.ASTM型，Labtech Engineering公司。
1.3 聚丙烯/乙丙共聚物共混体系的制备
根据配方比例称量各组分原料，置于容积为10 L的高混机中，转速为130 r/min，常温下高混10 min。将混合均匀的物料置入挤出机料筒中，挤出机6个温控区域的螺杆温度分别设置为144、180、220、230、230、220℃，喂料螺杆转速为120 r/min，主机频率为3 Hz。挤出的共混物经水冷、牵引、干燥、破碎后得到粒料。将粒料置于真空干燥箱中，在50℃下烘干12 h，再进行后续的性能测试。
本研究配方中PP用量均为100份，AO225均为0.25份，各样品编号及EPC用量如表1所示。
1.4 常规性能测试及表征
力学性能：使用微型注塑机制备哑铃形样条和长方形样条，料筒温度为220℃，模具温度为40℃，保压时间为60 s。按照GB/T 1040.2—2006测试哑铃形样条的拉伸性能，拉伸速率为50 mm/min。按照GB/T 9341—2008测试长方形样条的弯曲性能，弯曲速率为2 mm/min。每组制备5个样条后进行测试，结果取平均值。
DSC分析：称5～10 mg试样置于铝坩埚中，氮气气氛下以20℃/min的速率升温至200℃，保持3 min。再以10℃/min的速率降温至-60℃，恒温3 min。最后以10℃/min的速率升温至200℃，取第二次升温曲线作为样品熔融曲线。PP结晶焓及熔融焓按照PP质量分数进行归一化处理。
熔融指数：按照GB/T 3682.1—2018进行测试，料筒温度为230℃，负荷为2.16 kg，标线范围内每10 s切取一段试样，排除掉有气泡的试样后称重并计算各段平均质量，求得熔融指数。
SEM观察：对挤出机挤出的样条使用液氮进行脆断，观察脆断后样条的断面形貌。
1.5 电性能测试及表征
使用平板硫化机制备电性能测试样品，硫化温度为220℃，在320 N压力下保持5 min，脱气3次，每次2 min，最终得到直径为10 cm，厚度分别为 0.2 mm和2 mm的PP/EPC样品。
体积电阻率：采用高阻计进行测试。实验电压为10 kV，电流值采集时间为1 h。每隔1 s，用8009型电极系统测量与采集电流值，共取得3 600个电流值。样品已极化且电流已稳定的前提下，取1 200个电流值作为电流的测量结果。由样品厚度、电极尺寸与测得的电流值计算材料的体积电阻率。
电气强度：采用击穿介电仪进行测试。实验温度为室温，用柱板三电极系统对厚度为0.2 mm的样品进行击穿实验，实验重复5次。取实验的平均值为击穿电压的测量结果，并由击穿电压与各个样品的厚度计算材料的电气强度。
介质损耗因数和相对介电常数：采用介质损耗测试仪进行测试，温度为室温。由测试得到的样品的电容值与介电应力，计算材料的介质损耗因数与相对介电常数。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 熔融指数
聚合物的熔融指数可以直接反映其流动性和加工性。PP、EPC及PP/EPC共混物的熔融指数如表2所示。
从表2可以看出，与PP相比，各PP/EPC共混物的熔融指数均显著提高，说明共混物具有更好的流动性和加工性，有利于材料的成型加工。对于同一种EPC，其添加量越高，对共混物熔融指数的提高效果越明显；在相同的添加量下，EPC2相比于EPC1对共混物的熔融指数提高更为明显。其中，PP/EPC2-20共混物的熔融指数最高，为4.4 g/10 min，较PP提升了42%。说明EPC对PP有良好的增塑作用，使其熔体黏度下降，流动性提高。这是因为EPC结构中含有一定量的乙烯单元，可以破坏PP分子的规整结构和结晶行为，且EPC分子量相对较小，故而与PP相比具有更好的流动性。同时，EPC与PP结构接近，与PP基体具有较好的相容性，故而EPC大分子链能够分散于PP大分子链之间，促进PP大分子链滑移，从而提高共混物的流动性。而由于与EPC1相比，EPC2具有更低的分子量和更高的乙烯含量，EPC2对PP的增塑效果更明显。
2.2 微观形貌分析
借助SEM观察共混体系的微观形貌是判断共混物相容性的直观有效方法。一般而言，两种聚合物结构差异越大，分散相添加量越多，分散相在聚合物基体中的分散性越差。选取EPC添加量高且EPC中乙烯含量高的PP/EPC2-20样品进行观察，结果如图1所示。
从图1(a)可以看出，低倍观察时，共混物中几乎观察不到分散相；高倍率时可以观察到大量均匀、小尺寸圆形凹坑，分散相尺寸约为200 nm，如图1(b)所示。SEM结果表明，EPC2可以均匀分散于PP基体中，说明EPC2与PP具有较好的相容性。这是因为EPC2分子链中主要成分为丙烯单元，与PP分子链相似度较高。由于与EPC2相比，EPC1乙烯含量更低，推测EPC1与PP的相容性优于EPC2与PP的相容性。EPC与PP良好的相容性不仅有利于提高EPC对PP的增韧效果，还有助于提升EPC与PP两相之间的界面作用力，从而提升材料的电性能。这是因为共混体系中，材料的电性能与界面的微观结构密切相关。PP与EPC结构相似、相容性好，两者的界面作用力较强，自由体积与空穴少，电荷陷阱少，偶极子随交变电场运动的能力弱，因此材料有较优的电性能。
2.3 熔融结晶特性
PP、PP/EPC共混物、EPC1、EPC2的熔融曲线如图2所示，相应的熔融温度Tm、熔融焓ΔHm、结晶焓ΔHc、结晶温度Tc、结晶度Xc如表3所示。从图2和表3可以看出，EPC1的DSC曲线在78.8℃出现了微弱熔融峰，而EPC2没有观察到明显熔点，这是因为EPC中乙烯的引入破坏了EPC中PP链段的结晶，且乙烯含量越高，对EPC中PP链段结晶的抑制效果越明显。PP/EPC共混物总体表现出与PP接近的熔融过程，说明EPC引入对PP的熔融结晶过程无负面影响，维持了PP本身优异的耐热性能。总体来看，PP/EPC共混物均有优异的耐热性，可以满足电缆长时间安全稳定使用的工作温度。相较于PP，PP/EPC共混物的结晶度有一定降低，且EPC含量越高，下降越明显。说明EPC的加入会使PP材料的结晶度降低，这是因为EPC的存在会阻碍PP大分子的运动，使其结晶困难[11]。
2.4 力学性能
PP及PP/EPC共混物的力学性能测试结果如图3和表4所示。优异的韧性是电缆料的基础要求，断裂伸长率与弯曲模量可以直观地反映电缆料的韧性。从图3和表4可以看出，相较于PP，PP/EPC共混物的断裂伸长率显著提高，弯曲模量显著降低，说明共混物的韧性显著提高。同种EPC的添加量越高，对共混物的增韧效果越好。相同添加量的情况下，EPC2较EPC1对PP的增韧效果更好。其中，PP/EPC2-20样品的韧性最佳，断裂伸长率较PP提升1倍以上，弯曲模量降低至PP弯曲模量的约1/2。结合SEM图分析，EPC2与PP有优异的相容性，非结晶、高流动性乙丙共聚物大分子链的存在显著提升了PP的韧性。总体来说，EPC对PP良好的增韧效果使其韧性显著提高。这是因为EPC1与EPC2作为由等规聚丙烯的重复单体与无规分布乙烯组成的低结晶性柔顺高分子，具有很高的韧性，在受力时自身会发生一定形变，阻止裂纹的产生与发展。另外，在PP基体受到外力时，作为分散相的EPC颗粒可以作为应力集中点，起到诱发银纹和剪切带的作用。虽然PP/EPC共混物样品的拉伸强度较PP降低了9.1%～24.0%，但不影响电缆料的正常使用。
2.5 电性能
PP和PP/EPC共混物的电性能测试结果如图4和表5所示。通常情况下，增韧剂的加入会降低PP材料的电性能，主要原因是PP与增韧剂间相容性差，导致界面间存在大量缺陷，从而降低了材料的电性能。与PP相比，共混物的电气强度有所提高，且随着EPC含量的增加，PP/EPC共混物的电气强度有进一步升高趋势。结合SEM图分析可知，本研究选用的EPC与PP具有较好的相容性，EPC与PP相界面缺陷少，有利于维持较高的电气强度[12]。此外，PP/EPC共混物均有较高的结晶度，共混物中自由体积保持在较低水平，从而降低电子的自由行程，减小了聚合物分子链被电子撞击时受到的破坏程度，有利于材料保持较高的电气强度。对比来看，对于同一种EPC而言，添加量越高，共混物的电气强度越高；相同添加量情况下，PP/EPC2样品的电气强度高于PP/EPC1样品，说明提高共混物中乙烯单元含量，有利于电气强度的提升。
与PP相比，PP/EPC1共混物的体积电阻率减小，而PP/EPC2的体积电阻率明显增大。这可能是由于EPC2比EPC1具有更高的乙烯含量，因此EPC2与PP的结构差异相对较大，两者的相容性相对较低。故而，在PP/EPC2体系中存在较多结晶区/无定型区且PP/EPC2相界面有较高的陷阱深度和陷阱密度，这些陷阱能够捕获电荷，从而限制载流子的迁移，提高了样品的体积电阻率。
与PP相比，PP/EPC1及PP/EPC2共混物的介质损耗因数均显著下降，且EPC添加量越高，介质损耗因数越低，EPC种类对共混物介质损耗因数的影响不明显。这说明低结晶度或非结晶性EPC的加入有利于降低共混物的介质损耗因数。PP/EPC共混物的相对介电常数略有提升（从2.1提升至2.2），但总体保持在较低水平，符合绝缘电缆料的使用要求。总体来说，PP/EPC共混物的电性能维持在较高水平，符合高性能电缆料的性能要求。
3 结论
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（1）两种EPC对PP均有显著的增韧效果，且高乙烯基含量的EPC在高添加量时对PP的增韧效果更佳。这是因为PP与EPC间有很好的相容性，且EPC本身韧性很高。在一定范围内，EPC中乙烯基含量的提高有利于PP增韧效果的增强。
（2）EPC对PP的熔点影响不大，PP/EPC共混物的耐热性与PP基本持平，可以满足电缆料较高的工作温度要求。
（3）PP/EPC共混物的电性能优异，与PP的电性能基本持平。其中PP/EPC2共混物的电气强度与体积电阻率相较于PP有所改善，而PP/EPC1的体积电阻率与PP基本持平。PP/EPC共混物的介质损耗因数与相对介电常数均保持在较低水平，符合电缆料的要求。
基金
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  • 国家电网公司自筹项目(525500190017)
文献
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2022年第55卷第9期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.09.006
  • 接收时间：2021-09-01
  • 首发时间：2025-12-23
  • 出版时间：2022-09-20
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  • 收稿日期：2021-09-01
  • 修回日期：2021-10-19
基金
国家电网公司自筹项目(525500190017)
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    全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 先进输电技术国家重点实验室，北京 102209
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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