Article(id=1210201342124094299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210201336646333244, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.09.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1628697600000, receivedDateStr=2021-08-12, revisedDate=1634572800000, revisedDateStr=2021-10-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766464084416, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1663603200000, pubDateStr=2022-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766464084416, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766464084416, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766464084416, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210201336646333244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2022', volume='55', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='115', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766464083110, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563169207, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210616933930635542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210201336646333244, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210616933930635543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210201336646333244, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=16, endPage=22, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210201342421889894, articleId=1210201342124094299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Preparation and Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Grafted by PVP Under Fenton Reagent and Its EP Composites, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in epoxy resin (EP) nanocomposites and the interface interaction between them, so as to prepare EP nanocomposites with excellent comprehensive properties, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) molecular chains were grafted to the surface of CNTs by covalent bonding under the action of Fenton reagent, and the dispersion of modified CNTs in ethanol and acetone was studied. Then the modified CNTs were compounded with EP to prepare nanocomposites, and their comprehensive properties were studied. The results show that the traditional physical coating modification of CNTs by PVP can be changed into chemical modification with covalent bond through the HO∙ with strong oxidation decomposed by Fenton reagent, and hydroxylation modification can be realized, which improves the grafting rate of PVP. After modification, the CNTs have good dispersion in ethanol and acetone. There is a strong interface interaction between the modified CNTs and EP, which can improve the mechanical properties of EP obviously. When the mass fraction of modified CNTs is 0.25%, the impact strength and flexural strength of the nanocomposites increase by 58.6% and 5.2%, respectively.

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为提高碳纳米管(CNTs)在环氧树脂(EP)纳米复合材料中的分散性以及两者的界面相互作用,从而制备综合性能优良的EP纳米复合材料,本研究在Fenton试剂作用下通过共价键作用将PVP高分子链接枝到CNTs表面,研究改性CNTs在乙醇和丙酮中的分散性,然后将改性后的CNTs与EP复合制备得到纳米复合材料,并对纳米复合材料的综合性能进行研究。结果表明:利用Fenton试剂分解出具有强氧化性的HO∙,可以使PVP对CNTs传统的物理包覆改性变为具有共价键作用的化学改性,同时可以实现羟基化改性,提高了PVP的接枝率。改性后的CNTs在乙醇和丙酮中都有较好的分散性。改性后的CNTs与EP具有较强的界面作用,可以显著提高EP的力学性能,当改性CNTs的质量分数为0.25%时,纳米复合材料的冲击强度提高了58.6%,弯曲强度提高了5.20%。

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丁盛(1985-),男(汉族),江苏常州人,工程师,主要从事高分子材料的教学和科研工作。

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丁盛(1985-),男(汉族),江苏常州人,工程师,主要从事高分子材料的教学和科研工作。

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样品冲击强度/(kJ/m2)方差弯曲强度/MPa方差弯曲模量/MPa方差
纯EP12.560.16128.94.92 8695 240
CNTs/EP16.361.58126.848.63 01432 291
CNT-F-PVP/EP19.921.77135.618.42 82451 481
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纯EP和改性前后CNTs/EP复合材料的的力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品冲击强度/(kJ/m2)方差弯曲强度/MPa方差弯曲模量/MPa方差
纯EP12.560.16128.94.92 8695 240
CNTs/EP16.361.58126.848.63 01432 291
CNT-F-PVP/EP19.921.77135.618.42 82451 481
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Fenton试剂作用下PVP接枝碳纳米管及其环氧复合材料的制备与性能研究
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丁盛 1 , 成骏峰 2 , 刘春林 2
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2022,55(9): 16-22
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2022, 55(9): 16-22
Fenton试剂作用下PVP接枝碳纳米管及其环氧复合材料的制备与性能研究
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丁盛1, 成骏峰2, 刘春林2
作者信息
  • 1常州大学怀德学院,江苏 靖江 214500
  • 2常州大学 材料科学与工程学院,江苏 常州 213164
  • 丁盛(1985-),男(汉族),江苏常州人,工程师,主要从事高分子材料的教学和科研工作。

Preparation and Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Grafted by PVP Under Fenton Reagent and Its EP Composites
Sheng DING1, Junfeng CHENG2, Chunlin LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1Changzhou University Huaide College, Jingjiang 214500, China
  • 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
出版时间: 2022-09-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.09.003
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为提高碳纳米管(CNTs)在环氧树脂(EP)纳米复合材料中的分散性以及两者的界面相互作用,从而制备综合性能优良的EP纳米复合材料,本研究在Fenton试剂作用下通过共价键作用将PVP高分子链接枝到CNTs表面,研究改性CNTs在乙醇和丙酮中的分散性,然后将改性后的CNTs与EP复合制备得到纳米复合材料,并对纳米复合材料的综合性能进行研究。结果表明:利用Fenton试剂分解出具有强氧化性的HO∙,可以使PVP对CNTs传统的物理包覆改性变为具有共价键作用的化学改性,同时可以实现羟基化改性,提高了PVP的接枝率。改性后的CNTs在乙醇和丙酮中都有较好的分散性。改性后的CNTs与EP具有较强的界面作用,可以显著提高EP的力学性能,当改性CNTs的质量分数为0.25%时,纳米复合材料的冲击强度提高了58.6%,弯曲强度提高了5.20%。

碳纳米管  /  Fenton试剂  /  PVP接枝  /  分散性  /  纳米复合材料

In order to improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in epoxy resin (EP) nanocomposites and the interface interaction between them, so as to prepare EP nanocomposites with excellent comprehensive properties, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) molecular chains were grafted to the surface of CNTs by covalent bonding under the action of Fenton reagent, and the dispersion of modified CNTs in ethanol and acetone was studied. Then the modified CNTs were compounded with EP to prepare nanocomposites, and their comprehensive properties were studied. The results show that the traditional physical coating modification of CNTs by PVP can be changed into chemical modification with covalent bond through the HO∙ with strong oxidation decomposed by Fenton reagent, and hydroxylation modification can be realized, which improves the grafting rate of PVP. After modification, the CNTs have good dispersion in ethanol and acetone. There is a strong interface interaction between the modified CNTs and EP, which can improve the mechanical properties of EP obviously. When the mass fraction of modified CNTs is 0.25%, the impact strength and flexural strength of the nanocomposites increase by 58.6% and 5.2%, respectively.

carbon nanotubes  /  Fenton reagent  /  PVP grafting  /  dispersion  /  nanocomposites
丁盛, 成骏峰, 刘春林. Fenton试剂作用下PVP接枝碳纳米管及其环氧复合材料的制备与性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2022 , 55 (9) : 16 -22 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.09.003
Sheng DING, Junfeng CHENG, Chunlin LIU. Preparation and Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Grafted by PVP Under Fenton Reagent and Its EP Composites[J]. Insulating Materials, 2022 , 55 (9) : 16 -22 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.09.003
碳纳米管(CNTs)由于其特殊的结构,在机械、光、电、磁等方面表现出卓越的性能[1-3],成为最受关注的纳米材料之一,在化学[4]、环境[5]、生物[6]、电子[7]以及材料[8]等诸多领域具有广泛的应用前景。近几年,CNTs/聚合物纳米复合材料的研究与应用受到广泛关注,相关研究内容主要集中在利用CNTs来改善复合材料的力学性能、热性能和导电性能等,所涉及的聚合物达到30种以上[9],其中主要包括热塑性树脂如聚乙烯(PE)[10]、聚丙烯(PP)[11]、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)[12]、聚碳酸酯(PC)[13]、尼龙(Nylon)[14]、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)[15]等,以及热固性树脂如环氧树脂(EP)[16-17]等。与其他纳米材料一样,由于较强的范德华力作用,CNTs极易团聚,很难在聚合物中分散,且与大多数聚合物的亲和力不好,因此,要进一步提高CNTs/聚合物复合材料的性能,尤其是力学性能,需要解决以下两个问题:①使CNTs在聚合物中分散良好;②使CNTs和聚合物基体之间具有较好的界面作用,从而有效地在聚合物基体和CNTs之间传递应力。
对CNTs进行适当的表面改性是解决上述两个问题的较好途径,因此关于CNTs的表面改性工作一直是学者们关注的重点,孟胜皓等[18]和刘翔等[19]分别对CNTs表面改性工作及其在聚合物复合材料应用中取得的研究进展进行了综述。CNTs的表面改性主要分为物理改性(physical modification)和化学改性(chemical modification)。物理改性的方法一般较简单,主要利用表面活性剂如十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、聚合物如聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚对苯乙烯(PPV)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)[20]或者生物大分子如蛋白质等物质吸附或缠绕在CNTs上来提高其分散性或界面特性。这类方法一般对CNTs的原有结构破坏较小,可以保持CNTs某些独特的物理性能。CNTs化学改性中的共价化学改性是将某些功能官能团或者带有功能官能团的小分子或者聚合物以共价键的形式接枝到CNTs表面。该方法灵活多样,可以针对性的获得目标特性。其中聚合物共价键化学改性可以使CNTs获得更好的分散性,同时与聚合物具有较好的界面作用,因此共价化学改性是目前CNTs改性研究的热点[21]。但是共价化学改性会对CNTs本身结构有一定的破坏作用,而且改性过程也比物理改性复杂,此外改性过程中用到较多有机溶剂,对环境有一定的污染且成本较高。目前,聚合物共价化学改性CNTs的方法主要分为“grafting to”和“grafting from”两种,具体方法在文献[9]的研究中有详细综述。
在对CNTs进行改性时,应根据不同的聚合物基体进行不同的改性。EP热固性树脂具有优异的力学性能、热学性能以及加工性能,因此在CNTs/聚合物复合材料研究中EP是很受欢迎的基体之一。在CNTs/EP纳米复合材料中,CNTs的改性方法主要有强酸氧化[22]、氨基化[22]、纳米粒子杂化[23]、硅烷偶联剂改性[24]、表面活性剂改性[25]、聚合物接枝[26]等。Fenton试剂是由双氧水(H2O2)和亚铁离子(Fe2+)按一定比例复配而成,可以分解出具有强氧化性的HO∙,在处理难降解有机污染物时具有独特的优势,当用于CNTs表面处理时,HO∙攻击CNTs上的不饱和化学键和缺陷位置可得到羟基化CNTs。聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)结构独特,既有吡咯烷酮的亲水基团,主链上又有C-C键的疏水链段,是同时具有亲水和亲油性的聚合物,因此其能溶于水和许多有机溶剂中,与EP也有很好的亲和性。T HASAN等[27]和申前进等[28]采用物理包覆的方法制备了具有水溶性和油溶性的PVP改性CNTs。J A G BARROS等[29]研究了Fenton试剂作用下PVP的凝胶行为,表明Fenton试剂可以将PVP变为大分子自由基或者自由基碎片。由此推断,在PVP物理修饰CNTs过程中加入Fenton试剂,可以采用“grafting to”的方法将PVP大分子自由基片段接枝到CNTs表面,从而实现PVP化学改性CNTs。
本研究在Fenton试剂作用下采用PVP化学改性CNTs,并将改性后的CNTs用于制备EP复合材料,研究CNTs改性对EP复合材料力学性能的影响。
碳纳米管(CNTs)由成都有机化学研究所提供,直径为40~60 nm,长度为5~15 μm,纯度高于98%;环氧树脂(EP),E828型,无锡树脂厂;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),K30型,分析纯;丙酮,分析纯;氯化亚铁,分析纯;四乙烯五胺,分析纯;双氧水,分析纯,以上试剂均为市售。
取两份质量为1 g的原始CNTs。第1份CNTs用双氧水与氯化亚铁摩尔比为10∶1的Fenton试剂和PVP处理,具体过程如下:将CNTs分散在一定量的氯化亚铁水溶液中,磁力搅拌10 min后加入1.5 g PVP,高速搅拌5 min,并超声分散30 min,使用稀盐酸调节pH=3,在室温下搅拌并缓慢滴入双氧水,滴定结束后静置4 h,用去离子水稀释,再用多孔膜过滤。滤出物用去离子水洗至中性,然后在120℃下真空干燥8 h,得到Fenton试剂和PVP共同改性的CNTs,用CNT-F-PVP表示。第2份CNTs置于和前1种方法等量等浓度的PVP水溶液中,在室温下超声分散1 h,用去离子水稀释,然后用多孔滤膜过滤。滤出物用去离子水洗至中性,然后在120℃下真空干燥8 h,得到PVP改性的CNTs,用CNT-PVP表示。
将0.25 g原始CNTs、CNT-F-PVP分别和100 g EP、100 g丙酮加入到烧瓶中混合,在室温下超声分散2 h后常压蒸发一定时间,在真空状态下进一步蒸发去除残留的丙酮和气泡,加入15 g固化剂四乙烯五胺,边抽真空边搅拌一定时间后将混合液浇注到长方形模具中,常温固化12 h后移入80℃真空干燥箱固化4 h,得到CNTs质量分数为25%的CNTs/EP和CNT-F-PVP/EP复合材料。
扫描电镜测试:采用日本JEOL公司JSM5610LV型扫描电子显微镜进行测试。将原始CNTs和改性CNTs分别在丙酮中超声分散,取少量悬浊液滴在样品台上,丙酮挥发后放入烘箱干燥,然后进行SEM分析;采用脆断法得到复合材料断面,并对断面进行喷金处理,然后进行SEM分析。
红外光谱测试:采用德国BRUKER公司TENSOR27型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪进行测试。用溴化钾和CNTs混合压片,扫描范围为400~4 000 cm-1,扫描次数为32次。
热失重测试:采用德国NETZSCH公司STA449 F3型热失重分析仪进行测试。氮气气氛,升温速率为10℃/min,温度为40~800℃。
DSC测试:采用德国NETZSCH公司Phoenix204型差示扫描量热仪(DSC)进行测试。取样品6~8 mg置于坩埚中,氮气气氛,流量为20 mL/min,先以10℃/min的速率从30℃升温至200℃,保温10 min,然后以10℃/min的速度降温至30℃,接着再以相同的速率升温至200℃,利用第二次升温曲线进行分析。
力学性能测试:采用承德市金建测验仪器公司XJJD-5型电子简支梁冲击试验机测试复合材料的冲击强度;采用日本岛津公司AG-X型电子万能试验机测试复合材料的弯曲强度。
图1为PVP和Fenton试剂改性前后CNTs的SEM图。从图1可以看出,改性后的CNTs直径稍微增大,并且其外壁被一些无定型物质所覆盖,猜测这些无定形物质应该是两亲性聚合物PVP。PVP不是均匀地缠绕在CNTs表面,这可能是因为CNTs管壁每个部位的活性不同,接枝的PVP量不相同,另外也与PVP之间会产生部分交联反应形成凝胶有关[29]。以上现象间接说明两亲性聚合物PVP可能以共价键的方式接枝到CNTs表面。
图2为CNT-F-PVP和CNT-PVP的热重分析曲线。从图2可以看出,两种CNTs的TGA曲线上都出现了一个明显的失重台阶,失重现象是由于接枝或缠绕的PVP分解引起的,CNT-F-PVP的起始失重温度约为250℃,失重率约为6.21%,CNT-PVP的起始失重温度约为300℃,失重率约为2.83%。失重率越大表明PVP的接枝率越高,显然在Fenton试剂作用下,PVP的接枝率提高。这可能是由于在Fenton试剂作用下,PVP不仅可以物理吸附的形式改性CNTs,还可以通过化学键的形式与CNTs作用,因此PVP接枝率提高。另外还可以看出,CNT-F-PVP的初始分解温度明显低于CNT-PVP,这可能是在Fenton试剂作用下,PVP发生了化学降解,分子量降低造成的。
由于Fenton试剂的原料配比决定了其氧化能力的强弱,而试剂氧化能力的强弱会影响CNT-F-PVP接枝率,因此考察了不同原料配比Fenton试剂作用下不同PVP用量对CNT-F-PVP接枝率的影响,结果如图3所示。从图3可以看出,当H2O2和FeCl2的摩尔比为10∶1对应的接枝率要高于H2O2和FeCl2摩尔比为5∶1对应的接枝率,这是因为H2O2和FeCl2摩尔比为10∶1时,能够产生更多羟基自由基HO∙,此比例的Fenton试剂氧化能力更强,从而使更多的PVP接枝到CNTs表面。随着PVP用量的增加,接枝率有增加的趋势,但增幅较小,说明在本研究用量范围内,PVP用量不是决定接枝率的主要因素。
图4为原始CNTs和改性CNTs的红外光谱图。从图4可以看出,3种CNTs的红外光谱曲线上在3 200~3 600 cm-1处都出现了-OH较宽的伸缩振动峰。原始CNTs的红外光谱曲线上微弱的-OH吸收峰可能是CNTs表面吸附了少量水,CNT-PVP的 -OH吸收峰强度提高,这是由于其表面接枝了PVP分子,亲水性变强。CNT-F-PVP的-OH吸收峰强度进一步提高,这一方面是由于PVP接枝率提高,另一方面应该是Fenton试剂引入了-OH基团。CNT-F-PVP在2 926 cm-1和2 850 cm-1处出现了PVP分子链中-CH2-的碳氢键伸缩振动峰,而CNT-PVP由于接枝率较低此特征峰不明显。CNT-F-PVP和CNT-PVP在1 665 cm-1处均出现了C=O伸缩振动峰,在1 425 cm-1处又出现了-CH2-的弯曲振动峰[30],而原始CNTs没有出现这些特征吸收峰。以上结果表明两种处理方法都能够在CNTs表面引入PVP,但不同的是CNT-F-PVP中PVP含量较高,且在CNTs表面引入了羟基基团。
根据SEM、TGA和FTIR分析,可以得出在Fenton试剂作用下PVP改性CNTs的机理。Fenton试剂的氧化能力来源于其产生的羟基自由基HO∙,HO∙是缺电子基团,具有很高的亲电性和很强的加成反应特征,能够攻击CNTs上的不饱和化学键和缺陷位置,从而实现对CNTs的氧化作用而在CNTs表面引入羟基。因此Fenton试剂对CNTs表面羟基数量的影响是由Fenton试剂产生HO∙的机理决定的,反应机理如式(1)~(6)所示[31-34]
$\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}^{3+}+\mathrm{HO} \cdot+\mathrm{OH}^{-}$
$\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}^{2+}+\mathrm{HOO} \cdot+\mathrm{H}^{+}$
$\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}+\mathrm{HO} \cdot \longrightarrow \mathrm{Fe}^{3+}+\mathrm{OH}^{-}$
$\mathrm{HOO} \cdot+\mathrm{Fe}^{3+} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Fe}^{2+}+\mathrm{O}_{2}+\mathrm{H}^{+}$
$\mathrm{HO} \cdot+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{HOO} \cdot+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
$\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}+\mathrm{HOO} \cdot \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}^{3+}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \mathrm{H}^{-}$
HO∙与CNTs表面的化学键反应会形成自由基活性中心,或进一步氧化成-OH,同时也会攻击PVP的主链和侧链形成自由基碎片,可能的形式见图5[29]。PVP自由基碎片再与CNTs表面上的缺陷位或自由基终止,从而使PVP化学接枝到CNTs表面,同时物理缠绕作用也存在,在没有Fenton试剂的情况下,PVP改性CNTs只能是物理包覆的形式[27],以上过程如图6所示。
图7为改性前后CNTs在乙醇和丙酮中放置5 h后的照片,其中图7(a)(c)溶剂为乙醇,图7(d)(f)溶剂为丙酮。
图7可以看出,CNT-PVP和CNT-F-PVP在乙醇中均具有较好的分散性,而原始CNTs在乙醇中几乎完全沉淀。由于两亲性聚合物PVP在乙醇中具有良好的溶解性,当一定量的PVP接枝或缠绕到CNTs表面后,PVP分子链在乙醇中溶解会带动CNTs的分散,这可以间接说明两种方法都能将PVP引到CNTs表面,并促进CNTs的分散。从图7还可以看出,CNT-PVP和CNT-F-PVP在丙酮中的分散性表现出明显区别,前者分散性差于后者,这主要是因为单纯的PVP处理仅使CNTs表面引入PVP分子链,而PVP不溶于丙酮,致使改性后的CNTs在丙酮中的分散性较差。而在Fenton试剂作用下,在CNTs表面可以引入羟基,使其在丙酮中的分散性大幅改善,可以推断,在Fenton试剂作用下利用PVP处理CNTs,不仅能在CNTs表面引入PVP,同时还能够引入羟基,因此能够提高CNTs在丙酮中的分散性。
图8为改性前后CNTs/EP复合材料断面的SEM图。从图8可以看到,原始CNTs与EP较容易发生剥离,图中箭头所指为复合材料断裂后界面CNTs留下的痕迹,这说明原始CNTs与EP的界面结合作用较差。相比之下,在Fenton试剂作用下PVP修饰后的CNTs与EP的界面结合力有很大的改善,EP和CNT-F-PVP较难剥离,而且CNTs外面包覆了较厚的界面层,表明在Fenton试剂作用下的PVP改性可以显著提高CNTs与基体EP的相容性和界面结合作用。
表1中给出了纯EP和改性前后CNTs/EP复合材料的力学性能数据。从表1可以看出,原始CNTs和CNT-F-PVP的加入都可以改善EP的韧性,使其冲击强度相比于EP分别提高30.3%和58.6%,结合SEM分析看出,这是由于在材料的冲断过程中,填充其中的CNTs和EP之间发生剥离而吸收了部分冲击能造成的,而CNTs经过Fenton试剂作用下PVP的改性后,CNTs与EP的界面作用更强,吸收的冲击能更多,因此增韧效果更好。相比于纯EP,CNTs/EP复合材料的弯曲强度降低了1.63%,而CNT-F-PVP/EP复合材料的弯曲强度提高了5.20%,前者弯曲强度略微降低可能是方差较大,部分样品中CNTs聚集导致测试数据偏差较大,而后者在提高材料韧性的同时表现出对弯曲强度更好的保持能力,也得益于CNT-F-PVP与EP之间良好的界面作用。相比于纯EP,CNTs/EP复合材料的弯曲模量提高了5.05%,而CNT-F-PVP/EP复合材料的弯曲模量降低了1.57%,前者的模量略有提高,这是由于CNTs本身比EP具有更高的模量,因此能够提高复合材料的模量,而经过改性后的CNTs使复合材料的模量略有降低的原因可能由两方面综合导致,一方面由于CNT-F-PVP表面接枝物PVP分子链较柔顺,与EP形成的界面作用虽然较强,但是分子链较柔软而导致应力减小;另一方面可能是部分样品中CNTs轻微团聚导致测试数据偏差较大。
利用Fenton试剂分解出具有强氧化性的HO∙,可以使PVP对CNTs的传统物理包覆改性变为具有共价键作用的化学改性,同时可以实现羟基化改性,使PVP的接枝率显著提高。Fenton试剂作用下PVP修饰后的CNTs在乙醇和丙酮溶剂中具有良好的溶解性,与EP的界面作用显著改善,与原始CNTs相比对EP纳米复合材料综合性能的提高更有利。在CNTs质量分数为0.25%时,CNT-F-PVP的加入显著提高了EP复合材料的冲击强度,并且弯曲强度也略有提高,但弯曲模量略有降低。
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2022年第55卷第9期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.09.003
  • 接收时间:2021-08-12
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-09-20
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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-12
  • 修回日期:2021-10-19
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    1常州大学怀德学院,江苏 靖江 214500
    2常州大学 材料科学与工程学院,江苏 常州 213164
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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