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Article(id=1210201196648861969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210201193939333459, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.07.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1628438400000, receivedDateStr=2021-08-09, revisedDate=1632758400000, revisedDateStr=2021-09-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766464049732, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1658246400000, pubDateStr=2022-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766464049732, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766464049732, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766464049732, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210201193939333459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2022', volume='55', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766464049085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563116850, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210616714308481463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210201193939333459, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210616714308481464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210201193939333459, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=112, endPage=114, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210201198913786155, articleId=1210201196648861969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Study on Evaluation Method of Maximum Impulse Voltage for Corona Resistance Enameled Wire, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to accurately evaluate the maximum impulse voltage which corona resistance enameled wire endured, the corona resistance time of enameled wire under different impulse voltage was tested respectively, and the optimal fitting relationship curve equation between them was analyzed. The results show that the corona resistance time decreases exponentially with the increase of impulse voltage. Because the corona resistance time in the fitting equation has practical physical significance, no matter how the corona resistance time changes, it is greater than zero, which can indirectly solve the maximum impulse voltage that the corona resistance enameled wire can endure.

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为准确评估耐电晕漆包线所能承受的最大脉冲电压，分别测试不同脉冲电压下漆包线的耐电晕时间并分析两者的最优拟合关系曲线方程。结果表明：耐电晕时间随脉冲电压的增加呈指数形式缩短，由于拟合方程中的耐电晕时间具有实际物理意义，无论如何变换均大于0，可间接求解耐电晕漆包线所能承受的最大脉冲电压。

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徐乐（1993-），男（汉族），黑龙江鸡西人，硕士，研究方向为耐电晕漆包线的制备及改性方法研究。

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徐乐（1993-），男（汉族），黑龙江鸡西人，硕士，研究方向为耐电晕漆包线的制备及改性方法研究。

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徐乐（1993-），男（汉族），黑龙江鸡西人，硕士，研究方向为耐电晕漆包线的制备及改性方法研究。

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脉冲电压Up/kV耐电晕时间T/h
通道1通道2通道3通道4通道5
3.71.5261.3931.1211.1881.304
3.51.8142.3502.1042.7991.976
3.06.9314.9225.6394.6254.305
2.528.12917.63520.69226.28423.241
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不同脉冲电压下试样的耐电晕时间

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脉冲电压Up/kV耐电晕时间T/h
通道1通道2通道3通道4通道5
3.71.5261.3931.1211.1881.304
3.51.8142.3502.1042.7991.976
3.06.9314.9225.6394.6254.305
2.528.12917.63520.69226.28423.241
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脉冲电压Up/kV耐电晕时间T/h
实测值拟合值
3.71.2131.220
3.51.9591.802
3.04.6145.324
2.520.43819.166
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不同脉冲电压下试样耐电晕时间的实测值与拟合值

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脉冲电压Up/kV耐电晕时间T/h
实测值拟合值
3.71.2131.220
3.51.9591.802
3.04.6145.324
2.520.43819.166
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测量次数耐电晕时间T/h
通道1通道2通道3通道4通道5
第1次0.0411.0720.0371.2060.037
第2次0.9850.0371.0110.0370.043
第3次0.0370.0410.0371.0060.927
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3.8 kV下各通道的耐电晕时间

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测量次数耐电晕时间T/h
通道1通道2通道3通道4通道5
第1次0.0411.0720.0371.2060.037
第2次0.9850.0371.0110.0370.043
第3次0.0370.0410.0371.0060.927
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脉冲电压Up/kV耐电晕时间T/h
通道1通道2通道3通道4通道5
3.800.0411.0720.0371.2060.037
3.850.0410.0390.9680.0410.037
3.900.0390.0390.0350.0130.038
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不同脉冲电压下试样的耐电晕时间

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脉冲电压Up/kV耐电晕时间T/h
通道1通道2通道3通道4通道5
3.800.0411.0720.0371.2060.037
3.850.0410.0390.9680.0410.037
3.900.0390.0390.0350.0130.038
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耐电晕漆包线最大脉冲电压评估方法研究
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徐乐 , 张立彦 , 于伟莉 , 李明哲
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2022,55(7): 112-114
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2022, 55(7): 112-114
耐电晕漆包线最大脉冲电压评估方法研究
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徐乐, 张立彦, 于伟莉, 李明哲
作者信息
  • 珠海格力电工有限公司，广东 珠海 519100

    • 徐乐（1993-），男（汉族），黑龙江鸡西人，硕士，研究方向为耐电晕漆包线的制备及改性方法研究。

Study on Evaluation Method of Maximum Impulse Voltage for Corona Resistance Enameled Wire
Le XU, Liyan ZHANG, Weili YU, Mingzhe LI
Affiliations
  • Zhuhai GREE Electric Enterprise Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519100, China
出版时间: 2022-07-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.07.017
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摘要
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为准确评估耐电晕漆包线所能承受的最大脉冲电压，分别测试不同脉冲电压下漆包线的耐电晕时间并分析两者的最优拟合关系曲线方程。结果表明：耐电晕时间随脉冲电压的增加呈指数形式缩短，由于拟合方程中的耐电晕时间具有实际物理意义，无论如何变换均大于0，可间接求解耐电晕漆包线所能承受的最大脉冲电压。

耐电晕  /  漆包线  /  脉冲电压  /  评估方法

In order to accurately evaluate the maximum impulse voltage which corona resistance enameled wire endured, the corona resistance time of enameled wire under different impulse voltage was tested respectively, and the optimal fitting relationship curve equation between them was analyzed. The results show that the corona resistance time decreases exponentially with the increase of impulse voltage. Because the corona resistance time in the fitting equation has practical physical significance, no matter how the corona resistance time changes, it is greater than zero, which can indirectly solve the maximum impulse voltage that the corona resistance enameled wire can endure.

corona resistance  /  enameled wire  /  impulse voltage  /  evaluation method
徐乐, 张立彦, 于伟莉, 李明哲. 耐电晕漆包线最大脉冲电压评估方法研究. 绝缘材料, 2022 , 55 (7) : 112 -114 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.07.017
Le XU, Liyan ZHANG, Weili YU, Mingzhe LI. Study on Evaluation Method of Maximum Impulse Voltage for Corona Resistance Enameled Wire[J]. Insulating Materials, 2022 , 55 (7) : 112 -114 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.07.017
正文
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0 引言
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随着电子技术的快速发展，基于脉宽调制（pulse width modulation，PWM）的变频驱动技术因其能效高、可控性强、使用方便等优点而在交流变速、家电、军工、新能源主驱电机有着广泛的应用[1-3]。但是连接变频电机与供电电源的线缆间会产生波反射和折射，从而在变频电机入口产生极高的过电压，导致绝缘材料的电老化和热老化加剧，缩短变频电机的使用寿命[4]。
IEC 60034中明确规定，在电机投运前，应采用重复方波或正弦电压对Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类变频电机的匝间绝缘分别进行局部放电起始电压（partial discharge inception voltage，PDIV）、重复局部放电起始电压（repetitive partial discharge inception voltage，RPDIV）和耐电晕性能测试，作为评估电机绝缘性能的依据[5-6]。在耐电晕测试过程中，利用耐电晕测试仪器的参数（如脉冲电压、频率、温度、上升沿时间、上升沿调节、占空比等）模拟变频电机运行的实际条件，用耐电晕时间长短间接表征耐电晕漆包线的使用寿命[7-8]。
研究表明，升高脉冲电压能够明显缩短漆包线的耐电晕时间[9]。随着碳化硅等新型电力电子器件的应用，变频电机驱动的发展趋势将会是使用更高频率、更短上升时间的PWM脉冲波形。因此，本文在特定的高频陡脉冲条件下，研究脉冲电压对电机绝缘寿命的影响规律，为评估电机绝缘性能提供参考依据。
1 实验
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1.1 原材料
底漆为某公司生产的耐电晕聚酯亚胺绝缘漆，表漆为某公司生产的耐电晕聚酰胺酰亚胺绝缘漆，其中底漆和表漆中分别加入含量为5%的纳米二氧化硅（粒径大小为20 nm），铜材为某公司生产的低氧铜杆。
1.2 耐电晕漆包线生产工艺
耐电晕漆包线的生产设备为无锡梅达有限公司生产的卧式漆包机，低氧铜杆经联拉、退火、清洁、烘干、涂漆、固化、冷却等工艺后，制备导体标称直径为0.60 mm的耐电晕漆包线，漆膜厚度为74 μm。其中耐电晕漆包线的主要工艺参数为：底漆与表漆的厚度约为37 μm，固化温度为（630±10）℃，收线速度为80 m/min。
1.3 测试方法
耐电晕时间测试示意图如图1所示，将上述耐电晕漆包线作为待测试样，参考GB/T 4074.5—2008中关于击穿电压的测试方法制备试样，耐电晕测试方法参考GB/T 4074.21—2018，其中耐电晕测试条件的主要参数如下：温度为155℃，频率为20 kHz，上升沿时间为100 ns，占空比为50%。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 电晕失效机理
漆包线在通入高频变化电压工作时，其表面和导线内部会产生不均匀电场，在不均匀的强电场作用下，曲率半径小的导体电极对周围气体放电，会导致气体局部游离，这种现象称为电晕。游离后的离子、电子又冲击高分子链，加上放电产生的臭氧的作用和局部发热现象，将使漆膜表面高分子材料产生裂解并导致变脆以至龟裂，最终导致绝缘漆膜击穿，漆包线漆膜抵抗电晕作用而保持使用特性的能力称为耐电晕性[10]，耐电晕时间为耐电晕性的重要参考指标。
2.2 耐电晕时间
以导体直径为0.60 mm的漆包线为例，分别测试试样在不同脉冲电压（Up）下的耐电晕时间（T），结果如表1所示。
从表1可以看到，耐电晕时间随脉冲电压升高而明显降低，这是因为随着脉冲电压的升高，局部放电的重复率成比例增加，从而使绝缘材料内部的局部放电加强，电子或电荷冲击绝缘材料的强度、次数增多，使绝缘材料的失效时间缩短，耐电晕时间缩短[11]。
2.3 T与Up拟合关系曲线分析
据文献[12]报道，耐电晕时间与脉冲电压成反幂关系，其关系式如式（1）所示。
T=kUp-n
式（1）中，k与n均为常数。为方便数据分析，参考GB/T 4074.21—2018，取最小值及中间值的平均值作为试样的耐电晕时间（表2），分别对式（1）两边取对数，经线性拟合后，得到T与Up的拟合关系为式（2）。
lnT=-7.026lnUp+9.391
进一步，分别将Up代入到上述拟合曲线中，得到相应的拟合值，并与实测值对比，如表2所示，可以看到两者相差不大，证实拟合曲线具有较好的准确性。
但是，当Up为3.8 kV时，多数通道在Up未达到3.8 kV时，个别试样已失效击穿（0.041 h、0.033 h），如表3所示，造成上述现象的主要原因可能是此漆膜厚度下的耐电晕漆包线所能承受的最大脉冲电压约为3.8 kV。
2.4 最大脉冲电压的评估方法
因耐电晕时间T具有实际物理意义，所以T的取值范围为T>0，因此，无论T如何变换，其变换后的形式均大于0，如式（3）所示。
lnT=-7.026lnUp+9.391>0
由式（3）可知，Up<3.806。因此，此规格的耐电晕漆包线所能承受的最大脉冲电压约为3.806 kV。此外，分别测试3.85 kV及3.90 kV下试样的耐电晕时间，结果如表4所示。
从表4可以看出，与3.80 kV相比，3.85 kV和3.90 kV下所有通道的试样在测试仪器未达到脉冲电压时几乎全部击穿失效（0.041、0.037、0.039、0.035 h），进一步证实此规格耐电晕漆包线所能承受的最大脉冲电压约为3.80 kV。
随着导体标称直径的增加，漆膜厚度增加，耐电晕漆包线所能承受的脉冲电压随之增加。因此该分析过程及方法可广泛应用于评估任意规格耐电晕漆包线所能承受的最大脉冲电压，为评估电机绝缘性能提供了重要参考依据。
3 结论
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通过研究脉冲电压对耐电晕时间的影响规律，分析得到两者最优拟合关系符合T=kU-n形式，利用T大于0，可准确间接求解耐电晕漆包线所能承受的最大冲击电压，为评估电机绝缘性能提供了重要参考依据。
文献
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.07.017
  • 接收时间：2021-08-09
  • 首发时间：2025-12-23
  • 出版时间：2022-07-20
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  • 收稿日期：2021-08-09
  • 修回日期：2021-09-28
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    珠海格力电工有限公司，广东 珠海 519100
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