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Simulation calculations were conducted on the stator bars and windings of generator in a high altitude area by establishing a simulation model, and the rationality of the anti-corona design of the stator bar and winding was explored. According to the design, the stator bars and windings were manufactured and the reliability of the anti-corona structure was further verified through experiments. The simulation calculation results show that when the altitude is 3 000 m, the maximum field strength of the stator bar during the operation voltage, anti-corona assessment voltage, and voltage withstand process is 0.32, 0.44, and 0.53 kV/mm, respectively, and the maximum loss is 2.19×105, 1.46×106, and 6.34×106 W/m3, respectively. The maximum electronic density between the layers of the generator winding is 1.32×1017 m-3. After the modification of the oblique clearance of the stator winding, the maximum field strength of the stator bar during the operation voltage, anti-corona assessment voltage, and voltage withstand process is 0.78, 1.50, and 2.14 kV/mm, respectively, and the maximum loss is 3.01×105, 6.8×105, and 3.23×106 W/m3, respectively. The experimental results show that the stator bars can pass the corona test under 40.7 kV and the withstand voltage test under 73.5 kV for 1 minute. With the increase of altitude, the ultraviolet photon number of the winding at 1.1Un increases gradually, while that number is less than 1 000 when the altitude is below 3500 m. The anti-corona performance of the designed winding meets the design and operation requirements of the unit.

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通过建立仿真模型,对某高海拔地区发电机定子线棒及绕组进行仿真计算,探究了定子线棒及绕组防晕设计的合理性。根据设计制造了定子线棒及绕组,并通过试验验证了防晕结构的可靠性。仿真计算结果表明:在海拔高度为3 000 m时,定子线棒在运行电压、防晕试验电压、耐压试验电压条件下的过程中最大场强分别为0.32、0.44、0.53 kV/mm,最大损耗分别为2.19×105、1.46×106、6.34×106 W/m3,发电机绕组层间最大电子密度为1.32×1017 m-3。对定子绕组斜边间隙进行修正设计后,定子绕组在运行电压、防晕试验电压、耐压试验电压条件下的最大场强分别为0.78、1.50、2.14 kV/mm,最大损耗分别为3.01×105、6.8×105、3.23×106 W/m3。试验结果表明:定子线棒能通过40.7 kV电晕试验及73.5 kV耐压1 min试验;定子绕组能通过30 kV电晕试验及52.4 kV耐压1 min试验。随着海拔高度的提升,定子绕组在1.1Un下的紫外光子数逐渐增大,当海拔高度低于3 500 m时,紫外光子数均小于1 000,表明所设计的绕组防晕性能满足机组设计及运行需求。

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张斯翔(1990-),男(汉族),湖北宜昌人,高级工程师,主要从事水电与新能源领域的研究工作。

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2武汉大学 电气与自动化学院, 湖北 武汉 430072, bio={"content":"

张斯翔(1990-),男(汉族),湖北宜昌人,高级工程师,主要从事水电与新能源领域的研究工作。

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张斯翔(1990-),男(汉族),湖北宜昌人,高级工程师,主要从事水电与新能源领域的研究工作。

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海拔高度/m定子绕组电晕定子耐受电压系数偏差
1 0001.0561.0000.056
2 0001.1881.1310.057
3 0001.3571.2780.079
4 0001.5831.4450.138
5 0001.9001.6340.266
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修正系数计算值

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海拔高度/m定子绕组电晕定子耐受电压系数偏差
1 0001.0561.0000.056
2 0001.1881.1310.057
3 0001.3571.2780.079
4 0001.5831.4450.138
5 0001.9001.6340.266
), ArticleFig(id=1217475347625460113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927014912495950, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Anti-corona assessment voltage value of stator bar after correction, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
额定电压Un/kV单支线棒起晕考核电压/kV修正后起晕考核电压/kV单支线棒耐压试验电压/kV修正后耐压试验电压/kV
203040.757.573.5
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定子线棒修正后防晕考核电压值

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额定电压Un/kV单支线棒起晕考核电压/kV修正后起晕考核电压/kV单支线棒耐压试验电压/kV修正后耐压试验电压/kV
203040.757.573.5
), ArticleFig(id=1217475347872924055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927014912495950, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=The parameters of simulation calculation, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料电导率/(S/m)相对介电常数
空气1×10-151.0
铜导体6×1071.0
主绝缘1×10-124.7
低阻1×10-68.8
中阻1×10-85.3
中高阻1×10-105.2
高阻1×10-125.4
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COMSOL仿真计算相关参数

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材料电导率/(S/m)相对介电常数
空气1×10-151.0
铜导体6×1071.0
主绝缘1×10-124.7
低阻1×10-68.8
中阻1×10-85.3
中高阻1×10-105.2
高阻1×10-125.4
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定子线棒起晕电压/kV试验结果
1#>40.7通过
2#>40.7通过
3#>40.7通过
4#>40.7通过
5#>40.7通过
), ArticleFig(id=1217475348212662697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927014912495950, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

定子线棒防晕及耐电压试验(制造基地)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
定子线棒起晕电压/kV试验结果
1#>40.7通过
2#>40.7通过
3#>40.7通过
4#>40.7通过
5#>40.7通过
), ArticleFig(id=1217475348330103210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927014912495950, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=Stator winding starting corona at different altitudes, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海拔高度/m温度/℃湿度/%绕组起晕情况工频交流耐压试验
029.559不起晕通过
1 00027.759不起晕通过
2 00027.057不起晕通过
2 50028.853不起晕通过
3 00030.148不起晕通过
3 50029.546局部起晕通过
4 00029.450起晕通过
5 00028.553起晕通过
), ArticleFig(id=1217475348430766516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927014912495950, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同海拔高度下绕组的起晕情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海拔高度/m温度/℃湿度/%绕组起晕情况工频交流耐压试验
029.559不起晕通过
1 00027.759不起晕通过
2 00027.057不起晕通过
2 50028.853不起晕通过
3 00030.148不起晕通过
3 50029.546局部起晕通过
4 00029.450起晕通过
5 00028.553起晕通过
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高海拔大型水轮发电机定子线棒及绕组防晕性能研究
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张斯翔 1, 2 , 彭代晓 1 , 张跃 3 , 梁智明 3 , 谢志辉 3 , 周江 3
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2024,57(2): 80-85
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绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2024, 57(2): 80-85
高海拔大型水轮发电机定子线棒及绕组防晕性能研究
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张斯翔1, 2, 彭代晓1, 张跃3, 梁智明3, 谢志辉3, 周江3
作者信息
  • 1中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司,四川 成都 610000
  • 2武汉大学 电气与自动化学院, 湖北 武汉 430072
  • 3东方电气集团东方电机有限公司,四川 德阳 618000
  • 张斯翔(1990-),男(汉族),湖北宜昌人,高级工程师,主要从事水电与新能源领域的研究工作。

Research on anti-corona performance of stator bars and windings for high altitude large hydrogenerators
Sixiang ZHANG1, 2, Daixiao PENG1, Yue ZHANG3, Zhiming LIANG3, Zhihui XIE3, Jiang ZHOU3
Affiliations
  • 1China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation, Chengdu 610000, China
  • 2School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
  • 3Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China
出版时间: 2024-02-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.02.011
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通过建立仿真模型,对某高海拔地区发电机定子线棒及绕组进行仿真计算,探究了定子线棒及绕组防晕设计的合理性。根据设计制造了定子线棒及绕组,并通过试验验证了防晕结构的可靠性。仿真计算结果表明:在海拔高度为3 000 m时,定子线棒在运行电压、防晕试验电压、耐压试验电压条件下的过程中最大场强分别为0.32、0.44、0.53 kV/mm,最大损耗分别为2.19×105、1.46×106、6.34×106 W/m3,发电机绕组层间最大电子密度为1.32×1017 m-3。对定子绕组斜边间隙进行修正设计后,定子绕组在运行电压、防晕试验电压、耐压试验电压条件下的最大场强分别为0.78、1.50、2.14 kV/mm,最大损耗分别为3.01×105、6.8×105、3.23×106 W/m3。试验结果表明:定子线棒能通过40.7 kV电晕试验及73.5 kV耐压1 min试验;定子绕组能通过30 kV电晕试验及52.4 kV耐压1 min试验。随着海拔高度的提升,定子绕组在1.1Un下的紫外光子数逐渐增大,当海拔高度低于3 500 m时,紫外光子数均小于1 000,表明所设计的绕组防晕性能满足机组设计及运行需求。

大型水电机组  /  定子线棒  /  定子绕组  /  防晕性能

Simulation calculations were conducted on the stator bars and windings of generator in a high altitude area by establishing a simulation model, and the rationality of the anti-corona design of the stator bar and winding was explored. According to the design, the stator bars and windings were manufactured and the reliability of the anti-corona structure was further verified through experiments. The simulation calculation results show that when the altitude is 3 000 m, the maximum field strength of the stator bar during the operation voltage, anti-corona assessment voltage, and voltage withstand process is 0.32, 0.44, and 0.53 kV/mm, respectively, and the maximum loss is 2.19×105, 1.46×106, and 6.34×106 W/m3, respectively. The maximum electronic density between the layers of the generator winding is 1.32×1017 m-3. After the modification of the oblique clearance of the stator winding, the maximum field strength of the stator bar during the operation voltage, anti-corona assessment voltage, and voltage withstand process is 0.78, 1.50, and 2.14 kV/mm, respectively, and the maximum loss is 3.01×105, 6.8×105, and 3.23×106 W/m3, respectively. The experimental results show that the stator bars can pass the corona test under 40.7 kV and the withstand voltage test under 73.5 kV for 1 minute. With the increase of altitude, the ultraviolet photon number of the winding at 1.1Un increases gradually, while that number is less than 1 000 when the altitude is below 3500 m. The anti-corona performance of the designed winding meets the design and operation requirements of the unit.

large hydroelectric unit  /  stator bars  /  stator windings  /  anti-corona performance
张斯翔, 彭代晓, 张跃, 梁智明, 谢志辉, 周江. 高海拔大型水轮发电机定子线棒及绕组防晕性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2024 , 57 (2) : 80 -85 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.02.011
Sixiang ZHANG, Daixiao PENG, Yue ZHANG, Zhiming LIANG, Zhihui XIE, Jiang ZHOU. Research on anti-corona performance of stator bars and windings for high altitude large hydrogenerators[J]. Insulating Materials, 2024 , 57 (2) : 80 -85 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.02.011
大型发电机定子绕组是发电机产生电能的主要设备元件,也是电流流经发电机的主要载体。在电力系统正常运行过程中,发电机定子线棒端部电压相对较高,且发电机定子绕组端部结构复杂,特别是在绑扎固定的部位通常存在着较多细小的毛刺和气隙,不可避免地出现电场分布不均匀的现象。此外,发电机定子绕组端部出槽口以及绕组相间等,都是易产生电晕的区域[1-2]
在高海拔地区,由于其气候特点明显(空气压强和空气密度低、昼夜温差大等),随着空气压强或空气密度的降低,空气中因各种原因电离产生自由电子的平均自由行程变长,电子在电场加速作用下的时间延长,电子具有的动能增大,电子碰撞时发生二次电离的概率增加,二次电子数量增多,导致发电机定子线棒及绕组的电晕和起始放电电压的降低,进而降低了发电机定子绕组防电晕性能的可靠性。文献[3-4]研究了大型水轮发电机定子线棒绝缘参数对线棒槽部表面电位分布及电场分布的影响,得出防晕层电阻和非线性系数是影响电晕的主要因素;文献[5-8]通过研究不同海拔高度对发电机定子线棒常规绝缘性能的影响,得出海拔高度会影响定子线棒的绝缘性能,在高海拔地区更容易发生局部放电;文献[9-10]也对定子线棒防晕结构及绝缘材料等进行了相关研究,得出均匀电场能有效避免电晕放电。然而,以上研究并未考虑到高海拔地区大型电机绕组实际装配过程对电晕放电的影响。此外,由于各类发电机采用的材料、结构及工艺不同,加之运行条件和维护技术等多方面情况的差异,高压发电机虽然经过防晕处理,但在实际运行中电晕现象仍时有发生[11-14]
目前,高海拔发电机组通常根据GB 311.1—2012《绝缘配合第1部分:定义、原则和规则》以及JB/T 8439—2008《使用于高海拔地区的高压交流电机防晕技术要求》提供的高海拔修正系数和经验公式对常规机组的定子绕组的电气距离设计值进行修正,最终通过增加定子绕组端部的电气距离设计裕度来降低定子绕组端部的放电风险。然而较大的设计裕度使得高海拔机组的设计、制造和运输成本大幅提高。因此,为了更好地控制发电机定子绕组端部电气间隙距离的设计裕度,需要开展高海拔发电机定子线棒及绕组电晕性能的研究,进一步验证优化绕组防晕系统的合理性及可靠性。本文首先针对某高海拔地区(海拔约为3 000 m)额定电压为20 kV的水轮发电机机组定子线棒及绕组的防晕结构设计开展电场仿真计算,随后针对设计的线棒及绕组生产制造出真机试验线棒及绕组,进一步验证高海拔条件对发电机定子线棒及绕组防晕性能的影响。
安装在高海拔地区的空外冷水轮发电机组,随海拔高度的增加,空气气压及密度下降,定子线圈及绕组的起晕和闪络电压均呈下降趋势。JB/T 8439—2008规定当机组安装于海拔高于1 000 m的地区,在海拔不超过1 000 m的地点进行定子绕组电晕试验时,需对考核试验电压进行海拔修正,海拔修正系数(Ka)计算公式为式(1)
Ka=1-HS1-KHA
式(1)中:K为电晕起始电压随海拔升高的递减率,取值为0.1 km-1HS为电机试验地点的海拔,km;HA为电机安装地点的海拔,km。
GB 311.1—2012中规定,当机组安装在海拔高度超过1 000 m时,需对定子绕组耐受电压进行海拔修正,海拔修正系数计算公式为式(2)
Ka=exp (H-10008150)
式(2)中,H为电机安装地点的海拔,km。
根据JB/T 8439—2008及GB 311.1—2012对防晕和绝缘的修正计算,试验地点的海拔高度按500 m计算,各海拔高度下的修正系数如表1所示。
表1可以看出,定子绕组电晕试验修正系数与定子绕组耐压试验修正系数存在一定差异,且随试验地点的海拔高度不同,电晕试验修正系数也不同。其中JB/T 8439—2008规定的海拔修正系数相对更严格,海拔每升高100 m,电晕起始电压递减1%。业内对随海拔高度升高,起始放电电场强度降低比率的研究较多,主要是通过巴申曲线及模拟高海拔环境条件下的定子线圈起晕电压试验等方式进行,研究结果表明,海拔高度每升高100 m,电场强度/起晕电压的平均递减率为0.7%~1%[4,15]。因此,为了更好地控制发电机定子绕组端部电气间隙距离的设计裕度,有必要开展高海拔发电机定子绕组电场仿真计算及试验,进一步验证绕组防晕系统的合理性及可靠性。
根据JB/T 8439—2008及GB 311.1—2012对防晕和绝缘进行修正,得出当额定电压为20 kV时,安装在海拔3 000 m高度的机组,其电晕试验及耐压试验的电压值分别如表2所示。根据真机线棒实际防晕结构(一次成型+全防晕)构建仿真模型,并使用COMSOL分别对不同电压下的线棒进行仿真计算,COMSOL的核心参数设置如表3所示。仿真计算后定子线棒的场强及损耗分布分别如图1图2所示。
图1可以看出,单支定子线棒的场强最大值均出现在靠近高低阻搭接的高阻部分,且随激励电压升高而增大,在运行电压、电晕试验电压及工频耐压试验电压条件下的电场强度最大值分别为0.32、0.44、0.53 kV/mm,局部场强数值相对较低。从图2可以看出,在运行电压、电晕试验电压及工频耐压试验电压下的损耗最大值分别为2.19×105、1.46×106、6.34×106 W/m3。对于单支定子线棒来说,损耗最大值在低电压(运行电压)时出现在高低阻搭接区域,随着考核电压的升高,损耗逐渐增大,且损耗最大值往中阻、中高阻推移。通过以上仿真计算可知,在实际生产制造线棒过程中应格外注意高电阻搭接区域及中高阻区域,避免损耗过高出现防晕烧蚀、击穿等现象。
定子绕组作为发电机的核心关键部件,其防晕性能关乎机组能否安全稳定的运行。目前,高海拔水电机组均以空气作为循环冷却介质,因此对绕组斜边间隙而言,空气也作为其外绝缘方式。选择空气间隙距离是优化发电机整体尺寸的重中之重,若是高海拔环境下发电机定子绕组间隙距离设计不恰当,则可能导致耐压破坏性放电或电晕现象产生。
针对实际机组的斜边间隙距离,进行了高海拔放电等离子体数值模拟,结构模型如图3所示,模拟结构由铜导体、绝缘层、放电区域组成。计算时设置气体间隙中电子密度的初始值为1.0×1013 m-3,放电过程分为两个阶段,流注初始阶段即电子崩阶段和流注发展直至击穿阶段。从电子崩阶段发展 到流注阶段的判断依据为电子密度是否超过 1×1018 m-3
在开展COMSOL仿真计算时,固定激励电压(30 kV)、放电频率(50 Hz)等参数,改变气体参数模拟不同海拔高度,得到发电机绕组层间电子密度分布结果如图4所示。
比较图4不同海拔高度下的电子密度分布可以看出,随着海拔高度的升高、气压的降低,气体放电强度明显增强。在海拔高度为1 000 m时,电子密度最大值为8.15×1015 m-3,随着海拔高度的升高、气压的降低,电子密度逐渐增大,当海拔高度为3 000 m时,电子密度最大值为1.32×1017 m-3,但低于1×1018 m-3。而随着海拔高度的进一步增加,电子密度逐渐增大,放电模式由最开始的电子崩变为流注放电,当海拔高度为5 000 m时,电子密度最大值为6.49×1018 m-3,气隙已发生放电。这是由于随着海拔的升高,气压降低,空气相对密度减小,导致空气中电子的平均自由行程增大,电子在两次碰撞间可积累大量电离能,使得气体电离变得更容易,易于形成电子崩而发展成流注,导致在高海拔地区空气间隙的击穿电压随之降低。
在实际产品设计时,综合考虑定子线棒绝缘厚度、防晕结构特性、绑扎固定结构影响、环境温湿度影响等因素,对定子绕组斜边间隙进行修正设计。因此进一步对不同电压下定子绕组开展电场、损耗分布仿真计算,得到3 000 m海拔高度下,发电机绕组电场、损耗分布结果分别如图5图6所示。
图5可以看出,对于定子绕组,场强最大值出现在靠近线棒棱角的斜边垫块与线棒的接触部分,在运行电压、电晕试验电压及工频交流耐压试验电压条件下的最大场强分别为0.78、1.50、2.14 kV/mm,均低于干燥空气的电气强度。对于斜边垫块处,其表面场强最大值在运行电压、电晕试验及工频交流耐电压条件下分别为0.38、0.74、1.21 kV/mm,其场强值相对较低,即沿垫块表面发生沿面放电的可能性相对较小。即使绕组进行工频交流耐电压试验时,其最大场强依旧满足机组试验及运行的设计要求。
图6可以看出,当施加电压(运行电压值)较低时,绕组损耗最大值为3.01×105 W/m3,出现在高低组搭接的区域,这是由电阻突变导致。随着施加电压的增加,因垫块与高阻介电常数差异过大,导致斜边垫块处损耗逐渐增大,当施加电压为耐电压值时,二、三道绑绳垫块处损耗最大值为3.23×106 W/m3。由以上损耗分布可以得出,在实际生产制造过程中,需格外注意高低阻搭接区域及垫块处,避免因损耗过高导致绝缘烧蚀发生击穿事故。
目前高海拔模拟试验主要分为两大类:一种是在制造厂基地通过高海拔修正系数换算后,以提高考核电压的方式进行高海拔模拟试验;另一种是在高海拔地区建设试验室,利用当地自然高海拔气象条件开展相关试验,或者是通过人工环境气候室,利用真空装置在密闭的人工气候罐内模拟高海拔低气压气象条件进行试验。人工环境气候室模拟试验不受试验当地海拔的限制,无需将试样运送到高海拔地区,试验周期和成本大幅降低,且可以完成不同海拔下复杂气候条件试验。为进一步验证所设计的3 000 m海拔高度机组定子线棒及绕组的防晕性能,分别在制造基地及人工气候实验室对所设计的定子线棒及绕组进行验证试验。
根据JB/T 8439—2008海拔修正换算公式计算可知,制造基地海拔高度按500 m计算,当机组安装在3 000 m海拔高度时,要求额定电压20 kV机组单支定子线棒起晕电压须满足不低于1.357×1.5Un,即40.7 kV。根据GB 311.1—2012进行耐电压海拔修正,修正后工频交流耐压值为73.5 kV。为此,对生产的5支试验定子线棒进行电晕及工频交流耐电压试验,试验结果如表4所示。从表4可以看出,5支试验线棒起晕电压均大于40.7 kV,同时在73.5 kV电压下耐压1 min后无冒烟、无烧蚀、无放电现象,表明所生产的试验线棒防晕性能满足设计要求。
在实际产品设计时,综合考虑定子线棒绝缘厚度、防晕结构特性、结构绑扎固定等因素,从而对定子绕组斜边间隙进行修正设计。通过对6支线棒进行绑扎固定,从而开展电晕试验,验证设计的合理可靠性。试验绕组绑扎效果如图7所示。
根据JB/T 8439—2008海拔修正换算公式计算可知,制造基地海拔高度按500 m计算,当机组安装在3 000 m海拔高度时,要求额定电压20 kV机组定子绕组起晕电压须满足不低于1.357×1.1Un,即30 kV。根据GB 311.1—2012进行耐电压海拔修正,修正后工频交流耐压值为52.4 kV。对绑扎的试验绕组进行电晕及工频交流耐电压试验,定子绕组上下层起晕电压均大于33 kV(1.1Un),同时在52.4 kV电压下进行工频耐压试验1 min后,绕组均未出现冒烟、烧蚀、放电现象,表明所生产的试验绕组防晕性能满足设计要求。
本次试验在多功能人工气候室中进行,如图8所示。人工气候室由制冷系统、抽真空系统、喷雾系统以及风速调节系统、高压系统等部分组成。人工气候室的最低温度可达-45℃,最高气温可达45℃,温度的精确控制偏差为±0.5℃,气压调节可实现模拟海拔0~6 000 m。
在本次高海拔试验中,将额定电压为20 kV的线棒用绝缘垫块、绑绳等绝缘材料对线棒进行可靠固定,保持与实际机组一致进行绑扎固定成定子绕组,然后进行高海拔试验。定子线棒、绕组表面出现绝缘缺陷或者损伤时,将会导致缺陷处的局部场强升高,当局部场强大于空气击穿电压时,会出现电晕现象。强烈的电晕现象伴随着剧烈的声、光、电信号,此时可以通过肉眼或者是紫外成像仪观测到放电点。通过应用单位对产品质量要求规定,当紫外成像仪光子数大于1 000时,判定绕组发生电晕,因此高海拔试验过程也以紫外成像光子数大于1 000为电晕判据。在0~5 000 m海拔高度下对额定电压为20 kV的绕组端部进行紫外成像观察(试验电压为22 kV),试验结果如表5所示,试验过程中紫外光子数如图9所示。
表5图9可以看出,在0~3 000 m海拔高度下,定子绕组上、下层在22 kV电压下均未起晕,光子数随着海拔的升高缓慢增长,在海拔为3 000 m时光子数仍然小于1 000。而当海拔高度大于3 500 m时,紫外成像仪能观测到大量光子数,此时判定绕组发生起晕。在0~5 000 m海拔高度下,定子绕组在61 kV电压下进行工频耐压试验1 min,绕组均未出现冒烟、烧蚀、放电现象,表明所生产的试验绕组满足3 000 m海拔的设计要求。
本文首先通过建立仿真模型,对某高海拔地区发电机定子线棒及绕组的防晕性能进行仿真计算,其次根据设计生产制造了定子线棒及绕组,并进一步通过试验验证了防晕结构的可靠性。通过以上研究,得到如下结论:
(1)通过对定子线棒及绕组进行仿真计算得出,定子线棒及绕组防晕结构设计合理,满足3 000 m海拔高度下机组的防晕设计要求。
(2)根据设计生产制造的定子线棒及绕组验证试验得出,所生产制造的定子线棒及绕组满足3 000 m海拔高度下机组的防晕性能要求。
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2024年第57卷第2期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.02.011
  • 接收时间:2023-03-01
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2024-02-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-01
  • 修回日期:2023-03-21
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    1中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司,四川 成都 610000
    2武汉大学 电气与自动化学院, 湖北 武汉 430072
    3东方电气集团东方电机有限公司,四川 德阳 618000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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