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Article(id=1209927013419315726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1209927008822366333, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.02.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1672848000000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-05, revisedDate=1673884800000, revisedDateStr=2023-01-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766398679356, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1708358400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766398679356, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766398679356, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766398679356, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209927008822366333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2024', volume='57', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766398678260, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563829065, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210619701554705052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1209927008822366333, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210619701554705053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1209927008822366333, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=86, endPage=91, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209927013696139798, articleId=1209927013419315726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Study on influence of alpine environment on EPDM rubber seal ring for GIS equipment, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, EPDM seal ring commonly used in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) equipment was treated at -55℃, and the effects of low temperature on its surface morphology, structure, glass transition temperature, and mechanical properties (tensile and compression permanent deformation) were investigated. The results show that the low temperature treatment cannot damage the macromolecular chain structure in the seal ring, but it is easy to cause frosting, and the glass transition temperature shows an increasing trend. The mechanical properties of the seal ring change greatly after low temperature treatment, the hardness and breaking strength decrease, while the elongation at break and compression permanent deformation increase. The degree of change in tensile property is related to the amplitude of alternating temperature difference in alpine environment, the greater the amplitude, the greater the breaking strength loss of the seal ring.

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本研究模拟高寒地区，将气体绝缘开关（GIS）设备常用的三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）密封圈在-55℃进行处理，考察低温对该类密封圈表面形貌、结构、玻璃化转变温度和力学性能（拉伸与压缩永久变形）的影响。结果表明：低温处理未对密封圈中大分子链结构造成破坏，但易导致喷霜发生，玻璃化转变温度有升高趋势。密封圈力学性能在低温处理后发生较大变化：硬度、断裂强度减小，断裂伸长率、压缩永久变形增大。拉伸性能变化程度和高寒环境交变温差幅度有关，幅度越大，密封圈断裂强度损失越大。

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王欣欣（1984-），女（满族），内蒙古赤峰人，高级工程师，主要从事输变电设备材料失效分析及性能提升的研究。

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王欣欣（1984-），女（满族），内蒙古赤峰人，高级工程师，主要从事输变电设备材料失效分析及性能提升的研究。

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王欣欣（1984-），女（满族），内蒙古赤峰人，高级工程师，主要从事输变电设备材料失效分析及性能提升的研究。

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名称型号厂家
压缩永久变形装置A山东赛锐特检测仪器有限公司
差示扫描量热分析仪Q20美国TA公司
拉曼光谱仪Renishaw英国雷尼绍公司
低温冰箱ULTS1490赛默飞世尔(苏州)仪器有限公司
家用冰箱BCD-180MLC合肥美菱股份有限公司
邵氏硬度计LX-A江都市道纯机械厂
微机控制电子万能试验机E43.104美特斯工业系统公司
压敏胶带1 mm×500 mm淄博康迪医疗器械有限公司
数字偏光显微镜NP910-TR宁波永新光学股份有限公司
), ArticleFig(id=1217475348346884802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927013419315726, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验仪器及设备

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名称型号厂家
压缩永久变形装置A山东赛锐特检测仪器有限公司
差示扫描量热分析仪Q20美国TA公司
拉曼光谱仪Renishaw英国雷尼绍公司
低温冰箱ULTS1490赛默飞世尔(苏州)仪器有限公司
家用冰箱BCD-180MLC合肥美菱股份有限公司
邵氏硬度计LX-A江都市道纯机械厂
微机控制电子万能试验机E43.104美特斯工业系统公司
压敏胶带1 mm×500 mm淄博康迪医疗器械有限公司
数字偏光显微镜NP910-TR宁波永新光学股份有限公司
), ArticleFig(id=1217475348443353798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927013419315726, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Sample treatment temperature and treatment time, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别低温处理过渡处理室温处理
处理温度/℃处理时间/h处理温度/℃处理时间/h处理温度/℃处理时间/h
1-5524——2524
2-5548——2524
3-5572——2524
4-5596——2524
5-55964242524
6-55964482524
7-55964722524
8-5596-10242524
9-5596-10482524
10-5596-10722524
11-55120——2524
12-55144——2524
13-55168——2524
), ArticleFig(id=1217475348590154444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927013419315726, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

样品处理温度和处理时间

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组别低温处理过渡处理室温处理
处理温度/℃处理时间/h处理温度/℃处理时间/h处理温度/℃处理时间/h
1-5524——2524
2-5548——2524
3-5572——2524
4-5596——2524
5-55964242524
6-55964482524
7-55964722524
8-5596-10242524
9-5596-10482524
10-5596-10722524
11-55120——2524
12-55144——2524
13-55168——2524
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处理温度/℃处理时间/h压缩永久变形/%
-55011.59
-554811.62
-557211.80
-559611.82
-5512011.85
-5514411.93
-5516811.93
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不同低温处理时间下橡胶密封圈的压缩永久变形

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处理温度/℃处理时间/h压缩永久变形/%
-55011.59
-554811.62
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-559611.82
-5512011.85
-5514411.93
-5516811.93
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高寒环境对GIS设备用EPDM橡胶密封圈的影响研究
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王欣欣 1 , 何成 1 , 陈军 1 , 赵普志 2 , 魏晌 1 , 冯新星 3
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2024,57(2): 86-91
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绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2024, 57(2): 86-91
高寒环境对GIS设备用EPDM橡胶密封圈的影响研究
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王欣欣1, 何成1, 陈军1, 赵普志2, 魏晌1, 冯新星3
作者信息
  • 1国网新疆电力有限公司电力科学研究院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 2国网新疆电力有限公司， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 3大连理工大学 电气工程学院，辽宁 大连 116024

    • 王欣欣（1984-），女（满族），内蒙古赤峰人，高级工程师，主要从事输变电设备材料失效分析及性能提升的研究。

Study on influence of alpine environment on EPDM rubber seal ring for GIS equipment
Xinxin WANG1, Cheng HE1, Jun CHEN1, Puzhi ZHAO2, Shang WEI1, Xinxing FENG3
Affiliations
  • 1State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, Urumqi 830000, China
  • 2State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000, China
  • 3School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
出版时间: 2024-02-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.02.012
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摘要
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本研究模拟高寒地区，将气体绝缘开关（GIS）设备常用的三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）密封圈在-55℃进行处理，考察低温对该类密封圈表面形貌、结构、玻璃化转变温度和力学性能（拉伸与压缩永久变形）的影响。结果表明：低温处理未对密封圈中大分子链结构造成破坏，但易导致喷霜发生，玻璃化转变温度有升高趋势。密封圈力学性能在低温处理后发生较大变化：硬度、断裂强度减小，断裂伸长率、压缩永久变形增大。拉伸性能变化程度和高寒环境交变温差幅度有关，幅度越大，密封圈断裂强度损失越大。

高寒地区  /  六氟化硫（SF6）  /  气体绝缘开关（GIS）  /  三元乙丙橡胶密封圈

In this study, EPDM seal ring commonly used in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) equipment was treated at -55℃, and the effects of low temperature on its surface morphology, structure, glass transition temperature, and mechanical properties (tensile and compression permanent deformation) were investigated. The results show that the low temperature treatment cannot damage the macromolecular chain structure in the seal ring, but it is easy to cause frosting, and the glass transition temperature shows an increasing trend. The mechanical properties of the seal ring change greatly after low temperature treatment, the hardness and breaking strength decrease, while the elongation at break and compression permanent deformation increase. The degree of change in tensile property is related to the amplitude of alternating temperature difference in alpine environment, the greater the amplitude, the greater the breaking strength loss of the seal ring.

alpine region  /  sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)  /  gas insulated switchgear (GIS)  /  EPDM rubber seal ring
王欣欣, 何成, 陈军, 赵普志, 魏晌, 冯新星. 高寒环境对GIS设备用EPDM橡胶密封圈的影响研究. 绝缘材料, 2024 , 57 (2) : 86 -91 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.02.012
Xinxin WANG, Cheng HE, Jun CHEN, Puzhi ZHAO, Shang WEI, Xinxing FENG. Study on influence of alpine environment on EPDM rubber seal ring for GIS equipment[J]. Insulating Materials, 2024 , 57 (2) : 86 -91 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.02.012
正文
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0 引言
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气体绝缘开关（GIS）通过将一座变电站中除变压器以外的设备，经优化设计有机地组合成一个整体，因安全、易小型化、维护容易、环境适应性强等诸多优势，广泛应用于110 kV及以上变电站[1]。GIS设备的所有带电部分都被金属外壳所包围，外壳用铜母线接地，内部充有一定压力的SF6气体。
SF6气室是GIS设备的主要单元之一。各独立气室在电路上彼此相通，而在气路上则相互隔离。为保障良好的密封，需要使用橡胶密封件辅助构建气室。因此，橡胶密封件成为GIS设备的主要部件之一[2]。三元乙丙（EPDM）橡胶是由乙烯、丙烯和少量二烯烃共聚而成含有不饱和键的聚合物橡胶，具有良好的耐老化、耐水、耐温、电绝缘性和抗臭氧性，具有广泛的用途[3-5]。在工程应用中，常通过加装EPDM密封圈来保证GIS设备中SF6气室良好的密封性能。传统GIS设备在-25～40℃下运行，而在我国某些高寒地区，其实际气温低至-40℃甚至更低。因此，研究低温环境对EPDM橡胶密封圈的影响具有重要意义。
橡胶老化严重影响其使用寿命[6-7]，现有围绕EPDM密封圈的研究多集中于高温环境下EPDM的老化问题[8-10]，对于低温环境下EPDM的研究相对有限[11]，特别是对于极端低温环境（尤其是高低温交变）对密封圈结构、力学性能等方面的影响还缺乏深入的探讨。
本文模拟高寒地区，将EPDM密封圈在-55℃进行低温处理，在研究低温对EPDM密封圈形态影响的基础上，深入考察低温以及高低温交变环境下EPDM密封圈结构与力学性能的变化，以期为EPDM密封圈低温下的长期应用提供理论依据，保障高寒地区GIS设备的密封与安全使用。
1 实验
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1.1 主要原材料与仪器设备
实验样品选用漯河市达旭有限公司生产的JCXJ型EPDM橡胶O型密封圈，其由EPDM母胶、炭黑、石蜡油、硅烷偶联剂（KH55）、硫磺、硬脂酸和2-巯基苯并噻唑制成，内径为（25±0.1）mm，外径为（3.5±0.1）mm。
实验仪器及设备见表1。
1.2 低温样品处理
将样品置于温度为-55℃、相对湿度为45%的条件下处理若干时间，具体的处理温度和时间如表2所示。低温与处理时间的选取依据：①参考我国高寒地区最低温度记录（-53℃），选取-55℃作为最低处理温度；②为了解缓慢变温对密封圈力学性能的影响，基于普适性，随意选取-10℃和4℃作为中间温度过渡区；③基于-55℃左右这类极端低温时间不长的事实，选取处理最长时间为一周。
1.3 邵氏硬度测试
先用螺丝刀将邵氏硬度计归零后，用适当的力匀速垂直将针头按压至完全接触密封圈表面，记录此时硬度计表盘上的数值。每个样品在不同位置测试3次，取平均值作为该样品邵氏硬度，每组至少测试5个样品。
1.4 拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的测试
借助微机控制电子万能试验机，将密封圈剪开成长度为70 mm的条状，置于上、下夹具间，起始夹具间距设定为50 mm。于控制软件上输入相应样品截面积A（A=πr2，r为半径）、上下夹具间距和拉伸速率（500 mm/min），测试拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。每组至少测试5个样品，计算结果取平均值。
1.5 压缩永久变形测试
借助压缩永久变形装置，将不同已知高度的橡胶密封圈试样压缩到规定的高度（压缩率为25%），然后置于SF6气氛中，在低温（-55℃）下压缩24 h。按GB/T 7759.1—2015除去压缩，将试样在自由状态下恢复24 h，然后测量试样的高度，计算压缩永久变形，每组至少测试5个样品。压缩永久变形按式（1）计算。
C=h0-h1h0-hs×100%
式（1）中：h0为试样初始高度，mm；h1为试样恢复后的高度，mm；hs为限制器高度，mm。
1.6 形貌与结构表征
采用数字偏光显微镜观测样品形貌，借助差示扫描量热分析仪测试低温下处理不同时间样品的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），升温速率为10℃/min，空气气氛。采用等距法求取Tg：将转变前后的基线延长，两线之间的垂直距离为阶差ΔJ，在ΔJ/2处找到C点，从C点作切线与前基线相交于B点，B点所对应的温度值即为玻璃化转变温度Tg。
借助拉曼光谱仪测试低温下处理不同时间样品的拉曼光谱，激发波长为532 nm。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 高寒环境对EPDM橡胶密封圈表面形貌的影响
为模拟高寒环境，将密封圈在温度为-55℃、相对湿度为45%的条件下进行处理，之后直接放置于室温，考察密封圈形态的变化。
图1(a)是密封圈常温下未处理时的表面形貌，图1(b)～(h)分别是经-55℃处理24、48、72、96、120、144、168 h后的样品表面形貌。从图1可以看出，随着低温处理时间的增加，EPDM橡胶密封圈表面会逐步附着一层透明白色物质，这是因为低温下橡胶内部的物质在橡胶内的溶解度下降而析出，形成喷霜现象[12]。低温处理时间较短时喷霜现象不太严重，处理时间达到48～72 h时，样品的喷霜现象已较严重，继续延长处理时间，喷霜继续加重，但是增幅较小。
喷霜又名喷出，其实质性原因是助剂类物质（石蜡油、偶联剂等）在橡胶中溶解度的问题[13-14]。生胶与助剂极性不同，助剂在橡胶中的溶解度小，两者相容性差异导致混炼胶体系不稳定，强制性的机械混炼并不能改善混炼胶热力学上的稳定性。在低温环境下，混炼胶中的助剂类物质会发生迁移和相分离，导致喷霜现象。喷霜过程中，助剂迁移较缓慢，因此低温处理时间较短时，喷霜并不严重。随着时间的推移，助剂类物质逐步积累，喷霜变得较为严重。当助剂含量临近其在橡胶内溶解度时，喷霜变缓，上述过程为非匀速过程，故实验观察到处理48～72 h后喷霜已较严重，继续延长处理时间，喷霜虽继续加重，但是增幅变缓。橡胶表面喷霜不但会影响产品的外观，而且会影响硬度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率等力学性能[15]。
2.2 高寒环境对EPDM橡胶密封圈力学性能的影响研究
高寒环境下EPDM密封圈极易喷霜，因此若密封圈长期工作于高寒环境，该现象会对其力学性能造成影响，进而导致密封圈失效。为佐证上述推论，以硬度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率为指标，考察高寒环境对GIS设备密封圈力学性能的影响。
2.2.1 硬度
图2是EPDM橡胶密封圈在-55℃下处理不同时间后（表2中1～4组和11～13组）的硬度变化曲线。从图2可以看出，常温下，橡胶的邵氏硬度A约为65。-55℃下，随着处理时间的增加，硬度逐渐减小，之后趋于相对稳定。分析原因可能是低温下EPDM橡胶中的助剂类物质易迁移至表面，发生喷霜现象，造成EPDM密封圈内部链间作用减弱[16]，导致低温处理后密封圈硬度相比其原始硬度有所下降。实验过程中还发现，随着时间推移，实验中期样品的硬度下降较快，之后下降幅度减小，可能也与这段时间内喷霜较快有关。低温处理168 h后，样品硬度仍能维持在59左右，维持率约为90%。
2.2.2 拉伸性能
图3是密封圈经-55℃低温处理不同时间后在25℃测试的代表性应力-应变曲线。从图3可以看出，密封圈常温和低温处理后均显示出典型的橡胶高弹行为，说明低温处理对密封圈的高弹行为影响不大。
图4是-55℃低温处理时间对密封圈（表2中1～4组和11～13组）断裂强度的影响。从图4可以看出，随着低温处理时间的延长，样品的断裂强度缓慢下降。-55℃低温处理168 h后，密封圈断裂强度由初始的11.8 MPa降低到约8.6 MPa，降幅约为27%。推测原因是，EPDM橡胶的玻璃化转变温度约为-50℃，在该温度之下，分子链段运动被冻结。随着低温处理时间的增加，橡胶内部的助剂在橡胶内的溶解度逐步下降而析出，这部分组分原可增强分子链段与填料之间的相互作用[17-19]，其析出则导致橡胶断裂强度下降。此外，样品处理时，从常温到-55℃，再从-55℃到25℃，属于一个先骤冷再骤热的过程，分子链松弛时间有限，对橡胶本身聚集态结构有所破坏，也可导致断裂强度下降，由于EPDM橡胶的主链是饱和的[20]，低温下主链结构不会破坏，分子链段与助剂之间的作用对强度的影响有限，故断裂强度仍可维持在一定值。低温处理48～72 h后，断裂强度下降较快，应归因于该段时间喷霜速率较大所致。
图5是-55℃低温处理时间（表2中1～4组和11～13组）对密封圈断裂伸长率的影响。从图5可以看出，低温处理时间不超过48 h时，样品的断裂伸长率为240%～260%，随着低温处理时间的延长，断裂伸长率先快速上升然后缓慢上升。低温处理168 h后样品的断裂伸长率比未处理样品增大1倍左右，原因是前期低温使EPDM密封圈产生喷霜有限，导致断裂伸长率变化不明显。随着处理时间的增加，特别是低温处理48～72 h后，EPDM橡胶密封圈表面喷霜速率较大，分子链交联密度降低，导致断裂伸长率大幅增加。继续延长处理时间，喷霜速率逐渐降低，分子链交联密度降低幅度减小[21-22]，故断裂伸长率的上升速率减缓。
实际情况下，密封圈常处于交变温度下。为模拟实际，以未低温处理的密封圈断裂强度（12 MPa）为对照，探讨交变温度对密封圈断裂强度的影响，结果如图6所示，其中图6(a)和6(b)分别为表2中样品4、5、6、7和样品4、8、9、10的测试结果。
从图6可以看出，高低温度的交替变化对EPDM橡胶圈断裂强度的影响非常大。当样品从-55℃高寒环境直接交变到25℃，密封圈断裂强度约为9.2 MPa，约为未处理样品强度（12.0 MPa）的77%。当样品从-55℃高寒环境先经4℃处理24、48、72 h再交变至25℃时，密封圈断裂强度逐步增大，分别约为9.9、10.2、10.4 MPa。
同时，交变温差高，导致断裂强度降低明显。例如，从-55℃高寒环境直接交变到25℃，密封圈断裂强度由12.0 MPa降低到9.2 MPa，降幅约为23%；从-55℃高寒环境先经4℃处理72 h交变至25℃，密封圈断裂强度由12.0 MPa降低到10.4 MPa，降幅约为13%；而从-55℃高寒环境先经-10℃处理72 h交变至25℃，密封圈断裂强度由12 MPa降低到11.8 MPa，降幅仅为1.7%。中间温度停留时间越长，越有利于断裂强度的恢复。导致上述现象原因是，交变温差越低，停留时间越长，分子链段越有时间进行松弛，该过程因链段运动造成的摩擦小，损耗降低，对样品密封圈的内部聚集态结构破坏减小[23]。
由以上分析可知，EPDM橡胶圈可耐高寒（温度低至-55℃）环境，但应处于缓慢的交变温度下才能保证其良好的力学性能。
2.2 永久变形
将橡胶密封圈压缩至一定高度，保持低温并在模拟SF6气氛下检测压缩永久变形，结果如表3所示。从表3可以看出，总体上低温处理造成EPDM橡胶密封圈的压缩永久变形变化较小。但是值得注意的是，随着低温处理时间的延长，EPDM橡胶密封圈的压缩永久变形有增大趋势。说明低温应力条件下，橡胶还是受到了一定程度的破坏，这一结果和硬度变化结果较为一致，原因仍可能是EPDM橡胶中发生了喷霜现象。
2.3 高寒环境对EPDM橡胶密封圈结构的影响
2.3.1 拉曼光谱分析
图7是EPDM橡胶密封圈在低温（-55℃）处理不同时间后的拉曼光谱图。从图7可以看出，拉曼特征峰（D峰和G峰）位置无明显变化，分别在1 351 cm-1和1 585 cm-1附近，表明低温处理对密封圈的结构未造成本质变化。但二者峰强度比（ID/IG）还是呈现逐步增大趋势，未低温处理时ID/IG=0.723，处理后ID/IG增加至0.770以上，这可能是低温下密封圈内部物质析出，导致碳原子处于的体系环境发生变化所致。
2.3.2 DSC分析
图8是样品在低温（-55℃）下处理不同时间后的DSC图。图7拉曼光谱分析表明低温处理并未对密封圈的结构造成本质变化，然而低温处理却对EPDM橡胶密封圈的玻璃化转变温度造成了影响。从图8可以看出，低温处理不同时间后EPDM橡胶密封圈的玻璃化转变温度呈增大趋势。未低温处理的样品Tg=-52.1℃，处理168 h后Tg增加至-50.8℃左右。这是由于低温下密封圈喷霜现象的发生，助剂溶解度下降从橡胶圈内部析出所致。助剂的减少使得聚集态结构受到影响，导致EPDM橡胶密封圈大分子链段运动困难，促使链段运动所需能量提升，故Tg升高。
3 结论
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（1）形态观察表明，EPDM橡胶密封圈在高寒环境下易发生喷霜现象，时间越长，喷霜现象相对越严重，其表面因喷霜致使形态有较大变化。
（2）拉曼光谱与DSC分析表明，高寒环境未对EPDM大分子链结构造成本质变化，但是会对Tg却造成一定程度影响。
（3）高寒环境对EPDM橡胶密封圈拉伸性能有一定影响，影响程度和交变温差幅度有关。交变温差越大，EPDM橡胶密封圈断裂强度的损失越大。相对于拉伸性能，压缩永久变形受高寒环境影响较小，但随着低温处理时间的延长，EPDM橡胶圈的压缩永久变形有增大趋势。相对来说，EPDM橡胶密封圈适合于温度交变小的高寒环境。
（4）高寒环境下EPDM橡胶密封圈因发生喷霜，进而对形态和聚集态结构造成影响，继而深入影响密封圈的Tg、拉伸、压缩等性能，最终影响EPDM橡胶密封圈在GIS设备中的长期使用效果。
基金
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  • 国网新疆电力有限公司科技项目(5230DK22000C)
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2024年第57卷第2期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.02.012
  • 接收时间：2023-01-05
  • 首发时间：2025-12-22
  • 出版时间：2024-02-20
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  • 收稿日期：2023-01-05
  • 修回日期：2023-01-17
基金
国网新疆电力有限公司科技项目(5230DK22000C)
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    1国网新疆电力有限公司电力科学研究院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
    2国网新疆电力有限公司， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
    3大连理工大学 电气工程学院，辽宁 大连 116024
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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