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Article(id=1203281566035325301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1203281560800830004, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.05.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715097600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-08, revisedDate=1721318400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764814281232, onlineDateStr=2025-12-04, pubDate=1747670400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764814281232, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764814281232, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764814281232, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1203281560800830004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2025', volume='58', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764814279985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764814963861, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1203284429251784784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1203281560800830004, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1203284429251784785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1203281560800830004, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=15, endPage=21, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1203281566446367104, articleId=1203281566035325301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Effect of crystallinity of chopped fibers on properties of meta-aramid insulation paper, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=

The crystallinity of chopped fibers has an important impact on the mechanical strength, thermal shrinkage resistance, toughness, and other properties of aramid paper. To investigate the influence and mechanism of chopped fibers crystallinity on the properties of meta-aramid paper, meta-aramid papers with different crystallinity of chopped fibers were prepared by controlled variable method, and their mechanical properties, electrical properties, and thermodynamic properties were tested. The results show that the electric strength of meta-aramid papers is not significantly affected by the crystallinity of chopped fibers, it is mainly determined by precipitated fibers. The tensile index of meta-aramid papers is almost not affected by the crystallinity of chopped fibers before hot-pressing, but increases with the increase of the crystallinity of chopped fibers after hot-pressing. When the crystallinity of chopped fibers increases from 27.19% to 47.91%, the tensile index of papers enhances from 46.2 N·m/g to 58.0 N·m/g. In addition, the thermal shrinkage resistance of papers is closely related to the crystallinity of chopped fibers. When the crystallinity of chopped fibers increases from 27.19% to 47.91%, the thermal shrinkage rate of papers decreases from 4.8% to 1.3%.

, articleAbstract=

The crystallinity of chopped fibers has an important impact on the mechanical strength, thermal shrinkage resistance, toughness, and other properties of aramid paper. To investigate the influence and mechanism of chopped fibers crystallinity on the properties of meta-aramid paper, meta-aramid papers with different crystallinity of chopped fibers were prepared by controlled variable method, and their mechanical properties, electrical properties, and thermodynamic properties were tested. The results show that the electric strength of meta-aramid papers is not significantly affected by the crystallinity of chopped fibers, it is mainly determined by precipitated fibers. The tensile index of meta-aramid papers is almost not affected by the crystallinity of chopped fibers before hot-pressing, but increases with the increase of the crystallinity of chopped fibers after hot-pressing. When the crystallinity of chopped fibers increases from 27.19% to 47.91%, the tensile index of papers enhances from 46.2 N·m/g to 58.0 N·m/g. In addition, the thermal shrinkage resistance of papers is closely related to the crystallinity of chopped fibers. When the crystallinity of chopped fibers increases from 27.19% to 47.91%, the thermal shrinkage rate of papers decreases from 4.8% to 1.3%.

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短切纤维结晶度对芳纶纸的机械强度、耐热收缩性、韧性等性能具有重要影响，为研究短切纤维结晶度对间位芳纶纸性能的影响规律及机制，本文采用控制变量法，制备了不同结晶度短切纤维配抄的间位芳纶纸，并对其力学性能、电气性能和热力学性能进行测试。结果表明：间位芳纶纸的电气强度受短切纤维结晶度的影响不大，其主要由沉析纤维决定。而芳纶纸的抗张指数在纸张热压前几乎不受短切纤维结晶度的影响，但在经过热压之后则随着短切纤维结晶度的增大而增大，当短切纤维结晶度由27.19%增大至47.91%时，纸张的抗张指数由46.2 N·m/g增加至58.0 N·m/g。此外，纸张的耐热收缩性能也与短切纤维的结晶度密切相关，当短切纤维结晶度由27.19%增大至47.91%时，纸张热收缩率由4.8%减小至1.3%。

, articleAbstract=

短切纤维结晶度对芳纶纸的机械强度、耐热收缩性、韧性等性能具有重要影响，为研究短切纤维结晶度对间位芳纶纸性能的影响规律及机制，本文采用控制变量法，制备了不同结晶度短切纤维配抄的间位芳纶纸，并对其力学性能、电气性能和热力学性能进行测试。结果表明：间位芳纶纸的电气强度受短切纤维结晶度的影响不大，其主要由沉析纤维决定。而芳纶纸的抗张指数在纸张热压前几乎不受短切纤维结晶度的影响，但在经过热压之后则随着短切纤维结晶度的增大而增大，当短切纤维结晶度由27.19%增大至47.91%时，纸张的抗张指数由46.2 N·m/g增加至58.0 N·m/g。此外，纸张的耐热收缩性能也与短切纤维的结晶度密切相关，当短切纤维结晶度由27.19%增大至47.91%时，纸张热收缩率由4.8%减小至1.3%。

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彭磊（1989-），男（汉族），湖北仙桃人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事电工材料的研究。

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彭磊（1989-），男（汉族），湖北仙桃人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事电工材料的研究。

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彭磊（1989-），男（汉族），湖北仙桃人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事电工材料的研究。

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China Synthetic Fiber Industry,2022,45(5):33-36., articleTitle=Wet and wet french spinning to prepare high-performance interval thermal aramid and its structure and performance research, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1203365330451145691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, awardId=GDKJXM20222173, language=CN, fundingSource=中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(GDKJXM20222173), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1203365322448413356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203365322452607660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, companyId=1203365322448413356, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510530, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1203365323601846965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, companyId=1203365323589264051, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司，广东 广州 510530)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1203365328299467650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=XRD spectra of chopped fibers, figureFileSmall=R7OWulRzKyO3/AeRqvktLQ==, figureFileBig=DQmhn21b8cLDDszxhkrzdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365328421102470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=CN, label=图1, caption=短切纤维的XRD图, figureFileSmall=R7OWulRzKyO3/AeRqvktLQ==, figureFileBig=DQmhn21b8cLDDszxhkrzdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365328546931599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of chopped fibers with different crystallinity on the evenness of aramid base papers, figureFileSmall=m+T+coaK9dxDSEzylLIbbw==, figureFileBig=ViIcMbLlL980NdcLfey9Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365328630817683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同结晶度短切纤维对芳纶原纸匀度的影响, figureFileSmall=m+T+coaK9dxDSEzylLIbbw==, figureFileBig=ViIcMbLlL980NdcLfey9Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365328718898070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Surface SEM images of different aramid base papers, figureFileSmall=xEHvLIdlbW0QswZCPdP4oA==, figureFileBig=6BROc772L+RSh6Tj3I/j8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365328823755674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同芳纶原纸的表面SEM图, figureFileSmall=xEHvLIdlbW0QswZCPdP4oA==, figureFileBig=6BROc772L+RSh6Tj3I/j8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365328974750625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Surface SEM images of different aramid base papers after hot-pressing, figureFileSmall=m12Zj1j9ChrDYWYv0gb5xw==, figureFileBig=zpxrAotCawYwpvv4Pq2cXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365329075413926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同芳纶原纸热压后的表面SEM图, figureFileSmall=m12Zj1j9ChrDYWYv0gb5xw==, figureFileBig=zpxrAotCawYwpvv4Pq2cXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365329218020267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Sectional SEM images of meta-aramid paper before and after hot-pressing, figureFileSmall=dPDKs5uA9du0SJ1KzucS+g==, figureFileBig=IMx3h+qP3Gxqxu0qRIdJtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365329322877869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=CN, label=图5, caption=间位芳纶纸热压前后的断面SEM图, figureFileSmall=dPDKs5uA9du0SJ1KzucS+g==, figureFileBig=IMx3h+qP3Gxqxu0qRIdJtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365329410958257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of chopped fibers with different crystallinity on electric strength and tensile index of meta-aramid papers before and after hot-pressing, figureFileSmall=oq3J7xtTX7Q7uVjKhq9hig==, figureFileBig=TMiDOGQPXV/hb+jDjqF61w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365329494844339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同结晶度短切纤维对热压前后间位芳纶纸电气强度和抗张指数的影响, figureFileSmall=oq3J7xtTX7Q7uVjKhq9hig==, figureFileBig=TMiDOGQPXV/hb+jDjqF61w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365329587119031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=TG curves of meta-aramid papers after hot-pressing, figureFileSmall=dgnmMqQaj3HJVmuXi1b29Q==, figureFileBig=CXfuO27/aNPPclZ7nQd8xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365329675199420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同间位芳纶纸热压后的TG曲线, figureFileSmall=dgnmMqQaj3HJVmuXi1b29Q==, figureFileBig=CXfuO27/aNPPclZ7nQd8xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1203365329754891198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Evenness and air permeability of aramid base paper samples, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品短切纤维结晶度/%匀度/%透气度/(μm/(Pa·s))
P-A27.1967.440.87
P-B33.8068.770.61
P-C37.9770.830.47
P-D44.3869.400.56
P-E47.9166.450.70
), ArticleFig(id=1203365329863943106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

芳纶原纸样品的匀度及透气度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品短切纤维结晶度/%匀度/%透气度/(μm/(Pa·s))
P-A27.1967.440.87
P-B33.8068.770.61
P-C37.9770.830.47
P-D44.3869.400.56
P-E47.9166.450.70
), ArticleFig(id=1203365329989772231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Effect of chopped fibers with different crystallinity on the properties of meta-aramid papers, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品定量/(g/m2)热压前热压后
厚度/μm紧度/(g/cm3)抗张指数/(N·m/g)断裂伸长率/%电气强度/(kV/mm)厚度/μm紧度/(g/cm3)抗张指数/(N·m/g)断裂伸长率/%电气强度/(kV/mm)
P-A40.50133.300.3020.72.558.3465.600.6246.25.4215.17
P-B40.80134.800.3021.32.988.9959.200.6948.65.6415.21
P-C40.20132.500.3021.63.069.1058.600.6951.55.8915.41
P-D39.80129.600.3121.03.089.0162.000.6454.16.0114.98
P-E40.10132.800.3021.42.588.9560.800.6658.06.1715.12
), ArticleFig(id=1203365330090435531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同结晶度短切纤维对间位芳纶纸性能的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品定量/(g/m2)热压前热压后
厚度/μm紧度/(g/cm3)抗张指数/(N·m/g)断裂伸长率/%电气强度/(kV/mm)厚度/μm紧度/(g/cm3)抗张指数/(N·m/g)断裂伸长率/%电气强度/(kV/mm)
P-A40.50133.300.3020.72.558.3465.600.6246.25.4215.17
P-B40.80134.800.3021.32.988.9959.200.6948.65.6415.21
P-C40.20132.500.3021.63.069.1058.600.6951.55.8915.41
P-D39.80129.600.3121.03.089.0162.000.6454.16.0114.98
P-E40.10132.800.3021.42.588.9560.800.6658.06.1715.12
), ArticleFig(id=1203365330195293137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Thermal performance parameters of meta-aramid papers after hot-pressing, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品初始降解温度/℃最大降解温度/℃

残留率

/%

热收缩率

/%

P-A416.26453.1648.524.8
P-B417.89453.8349.123.6
P-C418.17454.6749.542.5
P-D418.63455.0150.001.7
P-E419.02456.1750.371.3
), ArticleFig(id=1203365330283373527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1203281566035325301, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同间位芳纶纸热压后的热性能参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品初始降解温度/℃最大降解温度/℃

残留率

/%

热收缩率

/%

P-A416.26453.1648.524.8
P-B417.89453.8349.123.6
P-C418.17454.6749.542.5
P-D418.63455.0150.001.7
P-E419.02456.1750.371.3
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短切纤维结晶度对间位芳纶绝缘纸性能的影响
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彭磊 1 , 高萌 2 , 付强 1 , 卓然 2 , 李智 1 , 宋欢 2 , 任俊文 2
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2025,58(5): 15-21
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2025, 58(5): 15-21
短切纤维结晶度对间位芳纶绝缘纸性能的影响
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彭磊1, 高萌2, 付强1, 卓然2, 李智1, 宋欢2, 任俊文2
作者信息
  • 1.广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院，广东省电力装备可靠性企业重点实验室， 广东 广州 510062
  • 2.南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司，广东 广州 510530

    • 彭磊（1989-），男（汉族），湖北仙桃人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事电工材料的研究。

Effect of crystallinity of chopped fibers on properties of meta-aramid insulation paper
Lei PENG1, Meng GAO2, Qiang FU1, Ran ZHUO2, Zhi LI1, Huan SONG2, Junwen REN2
Affiliations
  • 1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electric Power Equipment Reliability, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510062, China
  • 2. Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510530, China
出版时间: 2025-05-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.05.003
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摘要
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短切纤维结晶度对芳纶纸的机械强度、耐热收缩性、韧性等性能具有重要影响，为研究短切纤维结晶度对间位芳纶纸性能的影响规律及机制，本文采用控制变量法，制备了不同结晶度短切纤维配抄的间位芳纶纸，并对其力学性能、电气性能和热力学性能进行测试。结果表明：间位芳纶纸的电气强度受短切纤维结晶度的影响不大，其主要由沉析纤维决定。而芳纶纸的抗张指数在纸张热压前几乎不受短切纤维结晶度的影响，但在经过热压之后则随着短切纤维结晶度的增大而增大，当短切纤维结晶度由27.19%增大至47.91%时，纸张的抗张指数由46.2 N·m/g增加至58.0 N·m/g。此外，纸张的耐热收缩性能也与短切纤维的结晶度密切相关，当短切纤维结晶度由27.19%增大至47.91%时，纸张热收缩率由4.8%减小至1.3%。

间位芳纶纸  /  短切纤维  /  结晶度  /  抗张指数  /  电气强度  /  热收缩率

The crystallinity of chopped fibers has an important impact on the mechanical strength, thermal shrinkage resistance, toughness, and other properties of aramid paper. To investigate the influence and mechanism of chopped fibers crystallinity on the properties of meta-aramid paper, meta-aramid papers with different crystallinity of chopped fibers were prepared by controlled variable method, and their mechanical properties, electrical properties, and thermodynamic properties were tested. The results show that the electric strength of meta-aramid papers is not significantly affected by the crystallinity of chopped fibers, it is mainly determined by precipitated fibers. The tensile index of meta-aramid papers is almost not affected by the crystallinity of chopped fibers before hot-pressing, but increases with the increase of the crystallinity of chopped fibers after hot-pressing. When the crystallinity of chopped fibers increases from 27.19% to 47.91%, the tensile index of papers enhances from 46.2 N·m/g to 58.0 N·m/g. In addition, the thermal shrinkage resistance of papers is closely related to the crystallinity of chopped fibers. When the crystallinity of chopped fibers increases from 27.19% to 47.91%, the thermal shrinkage rate of papers decreases from 4.8% to 1.3%.

meta-aramid paper  /  chopped fibers  /  crystallinity  /  tensile index  /  electric strength  /  thermal shrinkage rate
彭磊, 高萌, 付强, 卓然, 李智, 宋欢, 任俊文. 短切纤维结晶度对间位芳纶绝缘纸性能的影响. 绝缘材料, 2025 , 58 (5) : 15 -21 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.05.003
Lei PENG, Meng GAO, Qiang FU, Ran ZHUO, Zhi LI, Huan SONG, Junwen REN. Effect of crystallinity of chopped fibers on properties of meta-aramid insulation paper[J]. Insulating Materials, 2025 , 58 (5) : 15 -21 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.05.003
正文
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0 引言
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随着电工装备朝着集成化、高压化、小型化方向不断发展，对电气绝缘纸的性能提出了更高的要求。传统植物纤维绝缘纸由于其耐热性差，且易受水分、温度等的影响[1]，难以满足性能要求。间位芳纶绝缘纸作为一种高性能材料，由于其具有优异的耐热性、电气绝缘性和力学性能，目前已被广泛应用于轨道交通、海上风电等高端装备领域，将成为电工装备发展的“新刚需”[2-3]。我国对间位芳纶纸的研究起步较晚，轨道交通、海上风电等高端领域用芳纶绝缘纸一直被国外垄断[4-5]，严重制约了我国电工装备的发展。因此，研究高性能间位芳纶绝缘纸制备技术，实现国产化替代是非常迫切和必要的。
间位芳纶纸是由间位芳纶短切纤维和间位芳纶沉析纤维通过湿法抄造制得。其中，间位芳纶短切纤维作为骨架增强材料，相互搭接交织构成纸张主体，赋予纸张基本的机械强度；而间位芳纶沉析纤维则作为基体粘结材料，进一步填充纸张的孔隙，与短切纤维组成“类钢筋混凝土”的致密结构，主要提供纸张的电气性能[6-9]。因此，芳纶纸的性能与短切纤维和沉析纤维密切相关。为了掌握各芳纶纤维关键参数对芳纶纸性能的影响，已有大量的科研人员对其进行了研究。
马婕[10]研究了沉析纤维长度对芳纶绝缘纸电气性能的影响。实验结果表明，当沉析纤维的长度较长时，沉析纤维具有较大的薄膜结构，有利于增大纤维之间的结合力和结合面积，进而使得绝缘纸的电气强度得到提升；当沉析纤维重均长度在1.06～1.26 mm时，配抄绝缘纸在保有良好机械强度和电气强度的同时，具有较低的介电常数。李正胜[6]研究了不同沉析纤维打浆度对芳纶纸性能的影响。结果表明适度提高沉析纤维打浆度有利于纸张性能的提升，但提升效果有限。当沉析纤维打浆度过高时，会使纸张在成形过程中面临巨大的脱水压力，反而不利于纸张性能的提升。阮浩鸥等[11]研究了不同直径、长度、结晶温度的短切纤维对间位芳纶纸性能的影响。结果表明当短切纤维直径增加至45 μm时，会降低沉析纤维对短切纤维的包覆程度，诱发界面孔隙，进而导致纸张的电气强度和拉伸强度大幅降低；当纤维长度增加至18 mm时，短切纤维会发生翘曲并形成“硬质”界面，进而导致纸张的电气强度急剧下降；当结晶温度降至230℃时，短切纤维结构稳定性会下降，进而导致其热压制备得到的芳纶纸性能显著降低。
尽管国内已有不少研究探讨了芳纶纤维各参数对芳纶纸性能的影响，但还不够全面，更没有形成适用于国产芳纶纤维的参数体系，这也是国产芳纶绝缘纸与国外芳纶绝缘纸存在差距的重要原因之一。截至目前，关于短切纤维结晶度对芳纶纸性能的影响报道较少，短切纤维结晶度对芳纶纸性能的影响规律及机制仍掌握不全。
对于芳纶短切纤维等高分子聚合物而言，结晶可以使高分子链段排列整齐，堆砌紧密，增强分子链间的作用力，从而提高聚合物的强度、硬度、耐热收缩性；但结晶程度过高又会使分子链段过分聚集，空隙减少，降低分子链柔韧性，进而降低材料的冲击强度等性能，因而对以弹性、韧性为主要使用性能的材料是不利的。如在芳纶纸制造过程中过度结晶将促使成品纸发脆，甚至呈膜状而容易在交变作用力下发生脆性断裂。因此，本文开展短切纤维结晶度对芳纶纸力学性能、电气性能和热力学性能的影响研究，为制备高性能间位芳纶绝缘纸提供参考。
1 实验
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1.1 原料及仪器
1.1.1 实验原料
间位芳纶短切纤维，国外某特纤有限公司；间位芳纶沉析纤维，中芳特纤股份有限公司。
1.1.2 实验仪器
S95568型纤维解离器、S95587型打浆度测试仪、S81502型抗张强度测试仪、RK3-KWTjul型凯塞法快速抄纸系统，德国PTI公司；X-Pert pro型X射线衍射仪，荷兰帕纳科公司；IMT-KZ0001型高精度电子天平，东莞市英特耐森精密仪器有限公司；RC3型热压机，日本株式会社大昌铁工所；IBV-2/10kV型击穿测试仪，桂林彰信检测设备有限公司；EVO-18型扫描电子显微镜，英国蔡司公司；JYW-170型透气度仪，瑞士ABB公司；GD-1型纸张匀度仪，长春市月明小型试验机有限责任公司；1100SF型热失重分析仪，美国梅特勒-托利多公司。
1.2 实验方法
1.2.1 沉析纤维的打浆处理
为了提高纤维之间的结合性，首先对沉析纤维进行适度打浆处理。将沉析纤维浆料配置成浓度为0.2%的纤维悬浮液，然后在标准疏解机下进行疏解，提高沉析纤维的打浆度，转速为3 000 r/min。
1.2.2 间位芳纶纸的制备
首先分别将5种不同结晶度的短切纤维（命名为A、B、C、D、E）与水进行混合，置于标准纤维解离器中疏解（转速为5 000 r/min），使短切纤维充分分散；随后分别加入打浆处理后的沉析纤维中，继续进行疏解（转速为1 000 r/min）；疏解完成后将分散均匀的混合浆料倒入纸页成型器中进行配抄；将成型得到的湿纸进行10 min干燥，最终得到不同结晶度的间位芳纶配抄纸，分别命名为P-A、P-B、P-C、P-D、P-E。短切纤维与沉析纤维的质量比为4∶6，配抄纸定量为（40±1）g/m2。
1.2.3 间位芳纶纸的热压处理
采用热压机对配抄后的芳纶纸进行热压处理，热压温度为300℃，热压车速为5 m/min，热压压力为10 MPa。
1.3 测试方法
1.3.1 打浆度的测定
按照GB/T 3332—2004《纸浆 打浆度的测定（肖伯尔-瑞格勒法）》对沉析纤维的打浆度进行测定。
1.3.2 X射线衍射（XRD）表征
将剪碎的短切纤维平铺在样品台上，使用X射线衍射仪对其结晶结构和结晶度进行分析，扫描范围2θ为5°～60°，结晶度根据式（1）进行计算[12]。
XC=AKAK+AA
式（1）中：XC为结晶度；AK为结晶区面积；AA为无定形区面积。
1.3.3 扫描电镜（SEM）表征
采用扫描电子显微镜对芳纶纸样品的表面和拉伸断面微观形貌进行观察。
1.3.4 纸张匀度测定
采用纸张匀度仪在二维光电扫描模式下扫描芳纶纸样品的横向、纵向各10次，测量单位面积为10 mm×10 mm，取9个不同单位各测一次。
1.3.5 纸张透气度测试
按照GB/T 458—2008《纸和纸板透气度的测定》对间位芳纶纸的透气度进行测定。
1.3.6 纸张力学性能测试
采用抗张强度测试仪，按照GB/T 20629.2—2013《电气用非纤维素纸 第2部分：试验方法》对间位芳纶纸的抗张强度及断裂伸长率进行测试。
1.3.7 纸张电气绝缘性能测试
按照GB/T 1408.1—2016《绝缘材料 电气强度试验方法 第1部分：工频下试验》对间位芳纶纸的击穿电压进行测试，根据公式换算得到电气强度。
1.3.8 热压后纸张热稳定性测试
称取5～10 mg纸张样品，使用热失重分析仪（TG）在氮气氛围条件下进行测试，测试温度范围为40～800℃，升温速率为10℃/min。
1.3.9 纸张热收缩率的测定
按照GB/T 20629.2—2013《电气用非纤维素纸 第2部分：试验方法》进行纸张热收缩率的测试，测试温度为300℃，时间为40 min。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 间位短切纤维结晶结构与结晶度分析
图1为5种短切纤维的X射线衍射图谱。由图1可知，短切纤维A～E均在2θ为17.5°、23.5°、27.2°附近出现典型特征峰[11]，分别对应（110）、（200）和（211）晶面。根据式（1），经过分峰计算得到短切 纤维样品A、B、C、D、E的结晶度分别为27.19%、33.80%、37.97%、44.38%、47.91%。
2.2 芳纶原纸的匀度表征
图2为不同结晶度短切纤维对配抄芳纶纸匀度的影响，表1为不同芳纶原纸样品的匀度及透气度。由图2和表1可知，5种不同结晶度短切纤维对配抄芳纶纸的匀度影响不大，对透气度略有影响，P-A、P-B、P-C、P-D、P-E的匀度分别为67.44%、68.77%、70.83%、69.40%、66.45%，透气度分别为0.87、0.61、0.47、0.56、0.70。这表明短切纤维结晶度对配抄芳纶纸的成形和纤维之间的结合影响较小。
2.3 芳纶纸的形貌结构表征
图3为5种短切纤维配抄得到的芳纶原纸表面SEM图。由图3可知，5种芳纶原纸的表面粗糙，纤维松散无规则地缠绕在一起，沉析纤维和短切纤维之间结合较差，存在较多空洞和缺陷。这主要是因为未经过高温热压处理的芳纶原纸主要靠纤维之间简单的物理缠绕和搭接而成，纤维之间未产生熔融交织力，未得到充分粘合。
图4为5种芳纶原纸经过高温热压处理后的表面SEM图。对比图3和图4可以明显看出，芳纶原纸在经过热压处理之后，纸页表面变得光滑平整，且没有明显的空洞和孔隙。这主要是因为在高温热压条件下，沉析纤维熔融软化，使得短切纤维得到充分包覆，纤维之间结合得更为致密。
图5为P-A热压前后的芳纶纸拉伸断面SEM图。由图5(a)可知，热压前的芳纶纸在受到外力拉伸时，由于纸张内部短切纤维和沉析纤维结合不紧密，此时短切纤维并不发生断裂而是被拔出。而经过热压处理后的芳纶纸，在高温热压条件下，纤维之间结合更致密，当纸张受到外力作用时，大部分短切纤维都发生了断裂，而非纤维整体被拔出（图5(b)～(c)）。此时，纸张断裂失效主要受纤维本身强度的影响而非纤维间的结合力[6,13]。
2.4 芳纶纸的力学性能和电气性能
力学性能与电气性能是影响芳纶纸实际应用的两个最主要的性能[14]。表2为不同结晶度短切纤维对间位芳纶纸热压前后力学性能和电气性能的影响，图6为不同结晶度短切纤维对间位芳纶纸热压前后电气强度及抗张指数的影响。
由图6(a)～(b)可以看出，无论是热压前还是热压后，芳纶纸的电气强度随短切纤维结晶度的变化均不大，表明短切纤维结晶度对芳纶纸的电气强度几乎没有影响，这是因为芳纶纸的电气强度主要是由沉析纤维决定[3]。
由表2和图6(c)～(d)可知，热压前芳纶纸的抗张指数相差不大；而经过热压之后，随着短切纤维结晶度不断增加，纸张的抗张指数呈现明显的上升趋势。当短切纤维结晶度从27.19%增加至47.91%时，芳纶纸抗张指数由46.2 N·m/g提高至58.0 N·m/g。这主要是由于热压前芳纶纸的强度主要来自于纤维之间的结合力，受纸张匀度和纤维之间结合程度的影响（结合图3与图5(a)）；而热压后的芳纶纸强度则主要受纤维自身强度的影响（结合图5(b)～(c)）。
2.5 芳纶纸的热稳定性分析
热稳定性是高性能高分子材料的关键性能之一[15-16]，尤其对实际应用更为重要。图7为不同结晶度短切纤维配抄芳纶纸热压后的TG曲线，表3为不同间位芳纶纸的热性能参数。
由图7和表3可知，各芳纶纸的热解曲线几乎一致，最大降解温度均在455℃左右。这主要是因为不同结晶度短切纤维的分子结构一致，而分解温度主要取决于分子结构[17]。进一步对热压后的芳纶纸耐热收缩性能进行测试，实验结果见表3。从表3可以看出，随着短切纤维结晶度的增加，芳纶纸的热收缩率降低，这是因为热收缩率不仅与分子结构有关，还与纤维的聚集态结构密切相关[18-19]。纤维的结晶度和取向度越高，分子排列越紧密，自由体积越小，分子链运动越受限，进而使得纸张热收缩率越小，耐热收缩性能越好。
3 结论
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本文采用控制变量法研究了不同结晶度短切纤维对间位芳纶纸性能的影响，通过相关测试表征和分析，得到以下结论：
（1）短切纤维结晶度对芳纶纸的电气强度影响不大，芳纶纸的电气强度主要由沉析纤维决定。
（2）热压前，短切纤维结晶度对芳纶纸的抗张指数影响不大；热压后，随着短切纤维结晶度不断增加，芳纶纸的抗张指数不断增大。
（3）短切纤维结晶度对芳纶纸的热稳定性影响不大，这是因为芳纶纸的热稳定性主要取决于纤维分子结构，而不同结晶度的短切纤维分子结构类似；芳纶纸的耐热收缩性能则与短切纤维结晶度密切相关，短切纤维结晶度越高，分子排列越紧密，自由体积越小，分子链运动越受限，所制备的芳纶纸热收缩率越小，耐热收缩性能越好。
基金
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  • 中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(GDKJXM20222173)
文献
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2025年第58卷第5期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.05.003
  • 接收时间：2024-05-08
  • 首发时间：2025-12-04
  • 出版时间：2025-05-20
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  • 收稿日期：2024-05-08
  • 修回日期：2024-07-19
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中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(GDKJXM20222173)
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    1.广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院，广东省电力装备可靠性企业重点实验室， 广东 广州 510062
    2.南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司，广东 广州 510530
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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