首页 期刊 论文 学科刊群 资讯 加盟 关于
EN
image
Article(id=1199642731325784098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1199642729207660562, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.11.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1670169600000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-05, revisedDate=1675872000000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763946715431, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1700409600000, pubDateStr=2023-11-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763946715431, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763946715431, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763946715431, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199642729207660562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2023', volume='56', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='116', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763946714927, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563708953, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210619197772657229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1199642729207660562, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210619197772657230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1199642729207660562, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=16, endPage=22, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199642731837489204, articleId=1199642731325784098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Effect of mesoscale crystal morphology on breakdown characteristics of XLPE cable insulation, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the effect of mesoscale crystal morphology of XLPE material on its AC breakdown characteristics and analyze its mechanism, XLPE samples with different crystal morphologies were prepared by controlling the cooling rate of samples during cooling crystallization. At the same time, the crystalline structure and morphology of the samples were characterized and observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and its dielectric properties were tested by the broadband dielectric spectrometer, three electrode system, and AC breakdown system. Finally, the test results were verified and the mechanism was analyzed by means of simulation. The results show that decreasing the cooling rate can prolong the crystallization time, making the molecular chains regularly arrange and stack to form large-size spherulites with a relatively high crystal area and relatively perfect structure. The improvement of crystal structure makes the relative dielectric constant of the XLPE sample increase slightly, the conductivity decrease, and the breakdown strength and stability significantly improve. The simulation results are consistent with the test results. The perfect crystal morphology of the sample at mesoscale reduces the degree of electric field distortion between spherulites and inhibits the occurrence of partial discharge and breakdown.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaohui ZHU, Zhengzheng MENG, Mingzheng ZHU, Pengxian SONG, You WU, Yuming DONG, Zhonglei LI, Boxue DU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199642737009066206, articleId=1199642731325784098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=介观尺度结晶形貌对XLPE电缆绝缘击穿特性影响研究, columnId=1190369066813591720, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=材料研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究XLPE材料的介观尺度结晶形貌对其交流击穿特性的影响并分析其作用机理，通过控制样品在降温结晶过程中的降温速率，制备得到了具有不同结晶形貌的XLPE试样。同时，通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）对试样的结晶结构与形貌进行了表征和观测，并使用宽频介电谱仪、三电极系统和交流击穿系统对其介电性能进行测试。最后，结合仿真模拟的手段对试验结果进行验证及机理分析。结果表明：减小降温速率可以延长结晶时间，使分子链规则排列堆叠形成大尺寸球晶，晶区面积占比较高且结构相对完善。结晶结构的完善使XLPE试样的相对介电常数小幅上升，电导率降低，击穿强度及其稳定性显著提升。仿真与试验结果相一致，介观尺度下试样内部完善的结晶形貌降低了球晶间的电场畸变程度，抑制了局部放电与击穿的发生。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=y4uruX3TRuIyBZhNcY/fWQ==, magXml=N6jj3lQm0jikZZA/uLYYjA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=u2Kjz1h8HSz3gDC/t/90MQ==, pdfFileSize=7289782, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=YgfMbtM7BDRTK7buSloI/Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=D16yfCfNGmlwco5AzX/xKQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

朱晓辉（1963-），男（汉族），天津人，教授级高级工程师，博士，主要从事电力电缆老化机理及局部放电在线监测的研究工作。

, authorsList=朱晓辉, 孟峥峥, 朱明正, 宋鹏先, 吴优, 董玉鸣, 李忠磊, 杜伯学)}, authors=[Author(id=1217475517436052236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217475517528326930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475517436052236, language=EN, stringName=Xiaohui ZHU, firstName=Xiaohui, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company, Tianjin 300384, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217475517670933278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475517436052236, language=CN, stringName=朱晓辉, firstName=晓辉, middleName=null, lastName=朱, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津 300384, bio={"content":"

朱晓辉（1963-），男（汉族），天津人，教授级高级工程师，博士，主要从事电力电缆老化机理及局部放电在线监测的研究工作。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

朱晓辉（1963-），男（汉族），天津人，教授级高级工程师，博士，主要从事电力电缆老化机理及局部放电在线监测的研究工作。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217475517234725630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517238919935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517234725630, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company, Tianjin 300384, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517247308544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517234725630, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津 300384)])]), Author(id=1217475517817733926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217475517943563056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475517817733926, language=EN, stringName=Zhengzheng MENG, firstName=Zhengzheng, middleName=null, lastName=MENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company, Tianjin 300384, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217475518052614969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475517817733926, language=CN, stringName=孟峥峥, firstName=峥峥, middleName=null, lastName=孟, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津 300384, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217475517234725630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517238919935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517234725630, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company, Tianjin 300384, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517247308544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517234725630, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津 300384)])]), Author(id=1217475518165861183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217475518283301701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475518165861183, language=EN, stringName=Mingzheng ZHU, firstName=Mingzheng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company, Tianjin 300384, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217475518392353614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475518165861183, language=CN, stringName=朱明正, firstName=明正, middleName=null, lastName=朱, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津 300384, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217475517234725630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517238919935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517234725630, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company, Tianjin 300384, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517247308544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517234725630, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津 300384)])]), Author(id=1217475518493016918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217475518648206170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475518493016918, language=EN, stringName=Pengxian SONG, firstName=Pengxian, middleName=null, lastName=SONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company, Tianjin 300384, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217475518736286559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475518493016918, language=CN, stringName=宋鹏先, firstName=鹏先, middleName=null, lastName=宋, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津 300384, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217475517234725630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517238919935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517234725630, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company, Tianjin 300384, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517247308544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517234725630, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津 300384)])]), Author(id=1217475518857921380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217475518975361899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475518857921380, language=EN, stringName=You WU, firstName=You, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217475519084413809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475518857921380, language=CN, stringName=吴优, firstName=优, middleName=null, lastName=吴, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217475517331194631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517335388936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517331194631, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517343777544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517331194631, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072)])]), Author(id=1217475519168299896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217475519336072065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475519168299896, language=EN, stringName=Yuming DONG, firstName=Yuming, middleName=null, lastName=DONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217475519432541065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475519168299896, language=CN, stringName=董玉鸣, firstName=玉鸣, middleName=null, lastName=董, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217475517331194631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517335388936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517331194631, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517343777544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517331194631, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072)])]), Author(id=1217475519533204365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217475519642256277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475519533204365, language=EN, stringName=Zhonglei LI, firstName=Zhonglei, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217475519755502487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475519533204365, language=CN, stringName=李忠磊, firstName=忠磊, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217475517331194631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517335388936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517331194631, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517343777544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517331194631, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072)])]), Author(id=1217475519851971484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217475519977800608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475519851971484, language=EN, stringName=Boxue DU, firstName=Boxue, middleName=null, lastName=DU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217475520049103781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, authorId=1217475519851971484, language=CN, stringName=杜伯学, firstName=伯学, middleName=null, lastName=杜, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217475517331194631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517335388936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517331194631, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517343777544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517331194631, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1217475520300762030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=cross-linked polyethylene), Keyword(id=1217475520405619636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=mesoscale), Keyword(id=1217475520497894329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=crystal morphology), Keyword(id=1217475520623723452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=breakdown characteristics), Keyword(id=1217475520728581058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=electric field simulation), Keyword(id=1217475520837632968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=交联聚乙烯), Keyword(id=1217475520946684878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=介观尺度), Keyword(id=1217475521051542483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=结晶形貌), Keyword(id=1217475521131234262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=击穿特性), Keyword(id=1217475521198343130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=电场仿真)], refs=[Reference(id=1217475524016914487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=49, issue=11, pageStart=9, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=李忠磊, 杜伯学, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李忠磊,杜伯学.高压直流交联聚乙烯电缆运行与研究现状[J].绝缘材料,2016,49(11):9-14., articleTitle=高压直流交联聚乙烯电缆运行与研究现状, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475524117577788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=12, issue=3, pageStart=438, pageEnd=446, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=MONTANARIG C, LAURENTC, TEYSSEDREG, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics Electrical Insulation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MONTANARIG C, LAURENTC, TEYSSEDREG, et al. From LDPE to XLPE: Investigating the change of electrical properties. Part I. space charge, conduction and lifetime[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics Electrical Insulation,2005,12(3):438-446., articleTitle=From LDPE to XLPE: Investigating the change of electrical properties. Part I. space charge, conduction and lifetime, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475524205658177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=53, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=FUM, CHENG, DISSADOL A, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FUM, CHENG, DISSADOL A, et al. Influence of thermal treatment and residues on space charge accumulation in XLPE for DC power cable application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2007,14(1):53-64., articleTitle=Influence of thermal treatment and residues on space charge accumulation in XLPE for DC power cable application, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475524285349954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=3, issue=6, pageStart=778, pageEnd=783, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=ZHANGY W, LEWINER J ALQUIEC, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANGY W, LEWINER J ALQUIEC, et al. Evidence of strong correlation between space-charge buildup and breakdown in cable insulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1996,3(6):778-783., articleTitle=Evidence of strong correlation between space-charge buildup and breakdown in cable insulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475524369236036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=22, pageStart=6740, pageEnd=6748, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=李欢, 李建英, 马永翔, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李欢,李建英,马永翔,等.不同温度热老化对XLPE电缆绝缘材料晶体结构的影响研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(22):6740-6748., articleTitle=不同温度热老化对XLPE电缆绝缘材料晶体结构的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475524461510726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=55, issue=3, pageStart=23, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=周远翔, 吴优, 张灵, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周远翔,吴优,张灵,等.预交联对XLPE直流电缆料空间电荷特性的影响[J].绝缘材料,2022,55(3):23-31., articleTitle=预交联对XLPE直流电缆料空间电荷特性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475524524425287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=420, pageEnd=428, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=张灵, 周远翔, 滕陈源, journalName=高电压技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张灵,周远翔,滕陈源,等.温度场下非等温结晶对低密度聚乙烯空间电荷特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):420-428., articleTitle=温度场下非等温结晶对低密度聚乙烯空间电荷特性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475524599922761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=36, issue=11, pageStart=2629, pageEnd=2633, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=李剑, 沈健, 杨丽君, journalName=高电压技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李剑,沈健,杨丽君,等.降温介质对低密度聚乙烯空间电荷输运特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2010,36(11):2629-2633., articleTitle=降温介质对低密度聚乙烯空间电荷输运特性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475524679614542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=6, issue=1, pageStart=949, pageEnd=962, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=BULINSKIA T, BAMJIS S, DENSLEYR J, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BULINSKIA T, BAMJIS S, DENSLEYR J, et al. Water treeing in binary linear polyethylene blends: The mechanical aspect[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1994,6(1):949-962., articleTitle=Water treeing in binary linear polyethylene blends: The mechanical aspect, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475524784472146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=3, issue=6, pageStart=849, pageEnd=858, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=FANZ H, YOSHIMURAN, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANZ H, YOSHIMURAN. The influence of crystalline morphology on the growth of water trees in PE[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1996,3(6):849-858., articleTitle=The influence of crystalline morphology on the growth of water trees in PE, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475524906106965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=JOAKIMP M J, UNGEM, LAIHONENS, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JOAKIMP M J, UNGEM, LAIHONENS. Determining the dielectric losses in polymers by using molecular dynamics simulations[C]//2015 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena. MI, USA:IEEE,2015., articleTitle=Determining the dielectric losses in polymers by using molecular dynamics simulations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475524969021529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=124, issue=8, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=TSOLOUG, HARMANDARISV A, MAVRANTZASV G, journalName=The Journal of Chemical Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TSOLOUG, HARMANDARISV A, MAVRANTZASV G. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of the temperature and pressure dependences of local and terminal relaxations in cis-1,4-polybutadiene[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics,2006,124(8):084906., articleTitle=Atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of the temperature and pressure dependences of local and terminal relaxations in cis-1,4-polybutadiene, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475525086462044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=周硕凡, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周硕凡.基于晶型调控的聚丙烯绝缘电树枝生长抑制方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2022., articleTitle=基于晶型调控的聚丙烯绝缘电树枝生长抑制方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475525161959518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=7, issue=11, pageStart=115012, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=SHIZ X, ZHANGX H, WANGK, journalName=AIP Advances, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHIZ X, ZHANGX H, WANGK, et al. Investigation on electrical tree propagation in polyethylene based on etching method [J]. AIP Advances,2017,7(11):115012., articleTitle=Investigation on electrical tree propagation in polyethylene based on etching method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475525287788640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=ZHOUS F, LIZ L, YUF, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOUS F, LIZ L, YUF, et al. Effect of sPP content on electrical tree growth characteristics in iPP/sPP blended cable insulation[C]//2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Dielectrics. Valencia, Spain:IEEE,2020., articleTitle=Effect of sPP content on electrical tree growth characteristics in iPP/sPP blended cable insulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475525371674723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1988, volume=21, issue=3, pageStart=768, pageEnd=773, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=IMMIRZIA, IANNELLIP, journalName=Macromolecules, refType=null, unstructuredReference=IMMIRZIA, IANNELLIP. Whole-pattern approach to structure refinement problems of fibrous materials: Application to isotactic polypropylene[J]. Macromolecules,1988,21(3):768-773., articleTitle=Whole-pattern approach to structure refinement problems of fibrous materials: Application to isotactic polypropylene, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217475525455560805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=31, issue=20, pageStart=6926, pageEnd=6934, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=FERROD R, MEILLES V, BRUCKNERS, journalName=Macromolecules, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FERROD R, MEILLES V, BRUCKNERS. Energy calculations for isotactic polypropylene: A contribution to clarify the β crystalline structure[J]. Macromolecules,1998,31(20):6926-6934., articleTitle=Energy calculations for isotactic polypropylene: A contribution to clarify the β crystalline structure, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217475523849142322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, awardId=KJ22-1-37, language=CN, fundingSource=国网天津市电力公司科技项目(KJ22-1-37), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217475517234725630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517238919935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517234725630, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company, Tianjin 300384, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517247308544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517234725630, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津 300384)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217475517331194631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517335388936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517331194631, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217475517343777544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, companyId=1217475517331194631, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217475521403864032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=DSC curves of XLPE samples, figureFileSmall=ghZehDblIt2F+3yBA7C0YQ==, figureFileBig=aUfY5xqerj+43xHmCIx1mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475521496138724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, label=图1, caption=XLPE试样DSC曲线, figureFileSmall=ghZehDblIt2F+3yBA7C0YQ==, figureFileBig=aUfY5xqerj+43xHmCIx1mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475521600996326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=SEM images of XLPE samples, figureFileSmall=1bDkGw8B/Lox2CWW5j9gmw==, figureFileBig=ECm7Q7VKilU/ZYvvZmzRaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475521714242539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, label=图2, caption=XLPE试样SEM图像, figureFileSmall=1bDkGw8B/Lox2CWW5j9gmw==, figureFileBig=ECm7Q7VKilU/ZYvvZmzRaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475521806517228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=XRD curves of XLPE samples, figureFileSmall=kfoX7ZtqeN42fb4eVM5s+Q==, figureFileBig=6rUoGJ94Du0hezlR7VSDJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475521898791920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, label=图3, caption=XLPE试样XRD曲线, figureFileSmall=kfoX7ZtqeN42fb4eVM5s+Q==, figureFileBig=6rUoGJ94Du0hezlR7VSDJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475522045592565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Relative dielectric constant of XLPE samples, figureFileSmall=+3EbiMQLy/cPsXm5RxtFlw==, figureFileBig=HN2G1xp309bJANDK3Dc3Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475522121090041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, label=图4, caption=XLPE试样的相对介电常数, figureFileSmall=+3EbiMQLy/cPsXm5RxtFlw==, figureFileBig=HN2G1xp309bJANDK3Dc3Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475522188198905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=DC conductivity of XLPE samples, figureFileSmall=pvBtfDtzgGZWYi7WiQxD8g==, figureFileBig=xa7gByduiMvXlkuPAbe8pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475522263696385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, label=图5, caption=XLPE试样的直流电导率, figureFileSmall=pvBtfDtzgGZWYi7WiQxD8g==, figureFileBig=xa7gByduiMvXlkuPAbe8pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475522376942593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Weibull breakdown probability diagram of XLPE samples, figureFileSmall=EKcqAEEXY8w/gWhN24/bPg==, figureFileBig=WrtnBkhxMAdHvtjvXPzuuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475522498576387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, label=图6, caption=XLPE试样的Weibull击穿概率图, figureFileSmall=EKcqAEEXY8w/gWhN24/bPg==, figureFileBig=WrtnBkhxMAdHvtjvXPzuuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475522607628295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Cell model of polyethylene, figureFileSmall=b+Wb3kOUbH14jPyGAnNh/A==, figureFileBig=UghLgTzmNnQUW7mGGSuKKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475522708291594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, label=图7, caption=聚乙烯的晶胞模型, figureFileSmall=b+Wb3kOUbH14jPyGAnNh/A==, figureFileBig=UghLgTzmNnQUW7mGGSuKKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475522792177677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Dipole autocorrelation curves, figureFileSmall=ymOd4t0TxRdSQfAz5FDlwg==, figureFileBig=lM56/Ff7VDerBVgqmvUIEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475523018670096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, label=图8, caption=偶极子自相关函数曲线, figureFileSmall=ymOd4t0TxRdSQfAz5FDlwg==, figureFileBig=lM56/Ff7VDerBVgqmvUIEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475523098361875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Internal electric field distribution of polyethylene at mesoscale, figureFileSmall=bdyuwq20bsREu22Q88pagA==, figureFileBig=NsGocgw2V9g4vy0YPLVzuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475523178053653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, label=图9, caption=介观尺度下聚乙烯内部电场分布, figureFileSmall=bdyuwq20bsREu22Q88pagA==, figureFileBig=NsGocgw2V9g4vy0YPLVzuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217475523249356824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Cooling rate of samples with different cooling methods, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冷却方式降温速率/(℃/min)
冰水冷却-32
空气冷却-10
自然冷却-4
硅油冷却-1
), ArticleFig(id=1217475523333242907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同冷却方式试样的降温速率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冷却方式降温速率/(℃/min)
冰水冷却-32
空气冷却-10
自然冷却-4
硅油冷却-1
), ArticleFig(id=1217475523396157470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=DSC parameters of XLPE samples, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冷却方式熔融温度(Tm)/℃结晶度(χc)/%
冰水冷却106.728.3
空气冷却107.830.1
自然冷却108.834.4
硅油冷却109.135.6
), ArticleFig(id=1217475523513597986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

XLPE试样DSC参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冷却方式熔融温度(Tm)/℃结晶度(χc)/%
冰水冷却106.728.3
空气冷却107.830.1
自然冷却108.834.4
硅油冷却109.135.6
), ArticleFig(id=1217475523589095461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Breakdown parameters of XLPE samples, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃冷却方式尺度参数α/(kV/mm)形状参数β
30冰水冷却88.7816.12
空气冷却91.0913.16
自然冷却98.6816.27
硅油冷却102.2020.73
50冰水冷却86.4021.64
空气冷却90.6411.84
自然冷却93.2616.18
硅油冷却100.1012.22
70冰水冷却83.8618.36
空气冷却84.2218.41
自然冷却89.9932.70
硅油冷却96.6917.44
90冰水冷却76.6413.71
空气冷却82.6218.79
自然冷却84.4314.72
硅油冷却87.7916.56
), ArticleFig(id=1217475523677175850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199642731325784098, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

XLPE试样的击穿参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃冷却方式尺度参数α/(kV/mm)形状参数β
30冰水冷却88.7816.12
空气冷却91.0913.16
自然冷却98.6816.27
硅油冷却102.2020.73
50冰水冷却86.4021.64
空气冷却90.6411.84
自然冷却93.2616.18
硅油冷却100.1012.22
70冰水冷却83.8618.36
空气冷却84.2218.41
自然冷却89.9932.70
硅油冷却96.6917.44
90冰水冷却76.6413.71
空气冷却82.6218.79
自然冷却84.4314.72
硅油冷却87.7916.56
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146437660891000859, delFlag=0, nameCn=绝缘材料, nameEn=Insulating Materials, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1009-9239, eissn=null, cn=45-1287/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=CC BY-NC-ND, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=To3JhdgsOj1Q7eh5WnUN1g==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751261638140, updatedTime=1761735740591, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=I, firstLetterEn=I, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=Natural Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=To3JhdgsOj1Q7eh5WnUN1g==, picEn=O7zoVkJ9hJoi8iGUSQYTxg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369230903152828, language=CN, name=绝缘材料, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735740638, updatedTime=1761735740638, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369230945095869, language=EN, name=Insulating Materials, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735740648, updatedTime=1761735740648, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149653034449285133, websiteList=[Website(id=1189939819993166814, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149653034449285133, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761633361099, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761633401425, updateBy=18614031015, name=绝缘材料-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=绝缘材料, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189940292275991527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761633473700, updateTime=1761633473700, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292250825700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761633473694, updateTime=1761633473694, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292301157354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633473706, updateTime=1761633473706, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292238242787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/file/pic?fileId=MyqZAHzZT6tMetr2hjDKLQ==, createTime=1761633473691, updateTime=1761633473691, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292322128876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633473711, updateTime=1761633473711, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292267602918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761633473698, updateTime=1761633473698, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292309545963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633473708, updateTime=1761633473708, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292259214309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761633473696, updateTime=1761633473696, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292284380136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761633473702, updateTime=1761633473702, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292292768745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761633473704, updateTime=1761633473704, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189939820060275680, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149653034449285133, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761633361115, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761633397117, updateBy=18614031015, name=绝缘材料-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Insulating Materials, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189940323548722161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761633481156, updateTime=1761633481156, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323519362030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761633481149, updateTime=1761633481149, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323569693684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633481161, updateTime=1761633481161, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323506779117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN/file/pic?fileId=MyqZAHzZT6tMetr2hjDKLQ==, createTime=1761633481146, updateTime=1761633481146, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323586470902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633481165, updateTime=1761633481165, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323540333552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761633481154, updateTime=1761633481154, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323578082293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633481163, updateTime=1761633481163, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323531944943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761633481152, updateTime=1761633481152, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323557110770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761633481158, updateTime=1761633481158, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323565499379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761633481160, updateTime=1761633481160, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=绝缘材料, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.insulation.org.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Insulating Materials, journalPhotoCn=To3JhdgsOj1Q7eh5WnUN1g==, journalPhotoEn=O7zoVkJ9hJoi8iGUSQYTxg==, journalFirstLetter=I, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.11.003, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.11.003, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/PDF/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.11.003, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN/PDF/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.11.003, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
介观尺度结晶形貌对XLPE电缆绝缘击穿特性影响研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
朱晓辉 1 , 孟峥峥 1 , 朱明正 1 , 宋鹏先 1 , 吴优 2 , 董玉鸣 2 , 李忠磊 2 , 杜伯学 2
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2023,56(11): 16-22
收起
收藏切换
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2023, 56(11): 16-22
介观尺度结晶形貌对XLPE电缆绝缘击穿特性影响研究
全屏
朱晓辉1, 孟峥峥1, 朱明正1, 宋鹏先1, 吴优2, 董玉鸣2, 李忠磊2, 杜伯学2
作者信息
  • 1国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津 300384
  • 2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072

    • 朱晓辉（1963-），男（汉族），天津人，教授级高级工程师，博士，主要从事电力电缆老化机理及局部放电在线监测的研究工作。

Effect of mesoscale crystal morphology on breakdown characteristics of XLPE cable insulation
Xiaohui ZHU1, Zhengzheng MENG1, Mingzheng ZHU1, Pengxian SONG1, You WU2, Yuming DONG2, Zhonglei LI2, Boxue DU2
Affiliations
  • 1Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company, Tianjin 300384, China
  • 2School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
出版时间: 2023-11-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.11.003
文章导航
收藏切换
摘要
收起

为了研究XLPE材料的介观尺度结晶形貌对其交流击穿特性的影响并分析其作用机理，通过控制样品在降温结晶过程中的降温速率，制备得到了具有不同结晶形貌的XLPE试样。同时，通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）对试样的结晶结构与形貌进行了表征和观测，并使用宽频介电谱仪、三电极系统和交流击穿系统对其介电性能进行测试。最后，结合仿真模拟的手段对试验结果进行验证及机理分析。结果表明：减小降温速率可以延长结晶时间，使分子链规则排列堆叠形成大尺寸球晶，晶区面积占比较高且结构相对完善。结晶结构的完善使XLPE试样的相对介电常数小幅上升，电导率降低，击穿强度及其稳定性显著提升。仿真与试验结果相一致，介观尺度下试样内部完善的结晶形貌降低了球晶间的电场畸变程度，抑制了局部放电与击穿的发生。

交联聚乙烯  /  介观尺度  /  结晶形貌  /  击穿特性  /  电场仿真

In order to study the effect of mesoscale crystal morphology of XLPE material on its AC breakdown characteristics and analyze its mechanism, XLPE samples with different crystal morphologies were prepared by controlling the cooling rate of samples during cooling crystallization. At the same time, the crystalline structure and morphology of the samples were characterized and observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and its dielectric properties were tested by the broadband dielectric spectrometer, three electrode system, and AC breakdown system. Finally, the test results were verified and the mechanism was analyzed by means of simulation. The results show that decreasing the cooling rate can prolong the crystallization time, making the molecular chains regularly arrange and stack to form large-size spherulites with a relatively high crystal area and relatively perfect structure. The improvement of crystal structure makes the relative dielectric constant of the XLPE sample increase slightly, the conductivity decrease, and the breakdown strength and stability significantly improve. The simulation results are consistent with the test results. The perfect crystal morphology of the sample at mesoscale reduces the degree of electric field distortion between spherulites and inhibits the occurrence of partial discharge and breakdown.

cross-linked polyethylene  /  mesoscale  /  crystal morphology  /  breakdown characteristics  /  electric field simulation
朱晓辉, 孟峥峥, 朱明正, 宋鹏先, 吴优, 董玉鸣, 李忠磊, 杜伯学. 介观尺度结晶形貌对XLPE电缆绝缘击穿特性影响研究. 绝缘材料, 2023 , 56 (11) : 16 -22 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.11.003
Xiaohui ZHU, Zhengzheng MENG, Mingzheng ZHU, Pengxian SONG, You WU, Yuming DONG, Zhonglei LI, Boxue DU. Effect of mesoscale crystal morphology on breakdown characteristics of XLPE cable insulation[J]. Insulating Materials, 2023 , 56 (11) : 16 -22 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.11.003
正文
收起
0 引言
收起
作为应用最广泛的电缆主绝缘材料，交联聚乙烯（cross-linked polyethylene，XLPE）的绝缘性能是决定电力能源能否实现高效、稳定传输的关键因素[1-2]。特别是在交流电场的作用下，电缆绝缘层同时受到电场和热场的复合作用，长期运行的交联聚乙烯绝缘容易发生劣化，严重时甚至还会导致绝缘击穿[3-4]。这一系列绝缘问题不但会减少电缆的运行寿命，还会造成极大的安全隐患，严重制约着我国输电工程向更高电压等级、更大输电容量发展。
作为聚合物材料，XLPE的宏观电气性能主要取决于其微观结构，而介观是介于宏观与微观之间的一种尺度。考虑到XLPE本身又是一种具有半结晶结构的材料，在介观尺度下介质内部结构较为复杂，既有结晶区，也有无定形区，这两者以及彼此之间的界面区共同决定了材料在电气、机械等特性方面表现出的各种宏观性能[5-6]。由于分子链在不同结构处的排列方式存在差异，导致相应区域内的介电特性也不同。然而，当前针对XLPE绝缘性能的相关研究，大部分均将其视作均质结构，忽略了介观尺度结晶形貌的差异对其介电性能的影响。为了建立聚乙烯材料介观结构与其宏观绝缘性能之间的联系，相关领域的研究人员从不同方面进行了大量的试验研究，研究内容包括但不局限于在直流电场下不同结晶结构对低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）空间电荷特性的影响[7-8]，以及晶体形貌对LDPE电树枝生长过程的影响[9-10]。然而，当前的研究进展大多是对相关试验现象进行规律性地总结，缺乏能够有效构建介观结构与宏观性能关联的作用机制的分析，亟需从试验与仿真一起入手，对试验现象进行更深层次地解释与讨论。
本文通过控制XLPE结晶过程中的降温速度，制备了具有不同结晶形貌的XLPE试样，利用扫描电子显微镜和差示扫描量热仪对试样的结构差异进行表征。在此基础上，结合试验与仿真模拟，分析和总结结晶形貌对XLPE击穿特性的影响机理。
1 试验
收起
1.1 试样制备
试验用材料是由Borealis公司生产的商用XLPE交流电缆材料。具体试验步骤如下：
（1）将平板硫化机预热，温度设置为120℃，将XLPE颗粒材料放入平板硫化机中，施加压力为15 MPa，热压时间为10 min，直到材料完全处于熔融状态。
（2）保持压力，同时将温度升高到180℃进行XLPE的交联反应，交联过程持续15 min，之后关闭加热电源。
（3）保持压力，直到温度下降到100℃时取出试样，进行分组降温处理。
（4）将取出的试样分别放在100℃的硅油、空气和冰水中进行降温和结晶，由此得到的3种XLPE试样记为硅油冷却、空气冷却和冰水冷却试样。此外，部分未取出的试样与平板硫化机一起降温，作为第4组试样，记为自然冷却试样。4种不同降温方式试样的冷却速率如表1所示。
（5）所有试样降到室温后取出，制备得到厚度为200 μm的XLPE片状试样。
（6）将试样放在真空干燥箱中，在80℃的真空条件下干燥24 h，以尽可能消除制备过程中产生的交联副产物。
1.2 晶型结构测试
使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM，型号为Merlin Compact，ZEISS公司）对XLPE试样的微观结晶形貌进行观察和表征。未处理试样的表面较为粗糙，同时存在大量的无定形区，从而影响试验的观测效果，因此在观察试样表面之前，需配置蚀刻液对试样表面的无定形区域进行蚀刻，然后清洗试样表面，清洗液为去离子水。接着对试样进行喷铂处理，以便观察其晶体形貌。蚀刻液的主要成分为98%的浓硫酸和高锰酸钾粉末，两者按照质量比为19∶1配制而成，蚀刻时间为4 h。
XLPE试样的结晶结构使用X射线衍射仪（XRD，型号为XRD-6000，SHIMADZU公司）进行表征。管电压设置为40 kV，使用CuKa辐射，射线波长为0.154 18 nm，扫描范围为12°～30°，扫描速度为4°/min。
结晶度采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC，型号为SC-Q250，TA公司）进行表征，氮气氛围，温度为40～150℃，升/降温速率为20℃/min。为消除热历史和残余应力，每个试样进行两次升降温循环测试。
1.3 电气性能测试
XLPE片状试样的相对介电常数由宽频介电谱仪（型号为Concept 80，NOVOCONTROL公司）测量，测试频率为0.1 Hz～10 kHz，测试温度为25℃，测试电压为1 kV。
XLPE片状试样在不同温度下的直流电导率由三电极系统测量。该测量系统包括高压直流发生器、保护电阻、静电计（型号为Keithley6517B）、计算机和三电极测量单元。测量温度为30～90℃，极化时间为30 min，极化电场强度为10 kV/mm。每个试样至少测试3次，最后取平均值作为试样的直流电导率。
XLPE片状试样在不同温度下的击穿强度由工频交流击穿系统测试。使用的电极结构是球-柱式电极，上下电极同轴。为了防止爬电闪络，测试期间将试样置于绝缘油中。测量温度为30～90℃，升压速率为1 kV/s。每个试样测试15次，并将有效数据绘制成Weibull分布图。
1.4 仿真模拟
分子动力学仿真方法被认为是一种能够描述聚合物材料分子链结构与性能的有效计算方法[11]，为了分析结晶结构的差异对XLPE宏观性能影响的作用机理，本文分别建立了聚乙烯晶区与无定形区的分子模型，并对其进行几何优化使其具备最低势能构象。将分子模型置于周期性单元格中并进行优化，至能量收敛后，晶胞模型即构建完成。
对构建好的模型进行周期性退火处理，并采用正则系统进行分子动力学模拟。设置相应的时长、步长以及数值积分，最终分别得到聚乙烯晶区与无定形区的偶极子自相关函数和系统体积。利用相关数据可以获得弛豫强度、介电常数等物理信息，用以分析不同结晶结构对材料绝缘性能破坏的影响机理[12]。
2 结果与讨论
收起
2.1 结晶形貌与结构
图1和表2分别为不同降温速率XLPE试样的DSC曲线与结晶特征参数。从图1可以看出，XLPE仅有1个特征熔融峰，峰值温度为100～110℃，且XLPE的熔融峰随着降温速率的降低逐渐向右移动。从表2可以看出，冰水冷却试样的熔融温度为106.7℃，而硅油冷却试样的熔融温度为109.1℃，达到所有试样熔融温度的最大值，对应了图1中的变化趋势。从表2还可以看出，冰水冷却试样的结晶度最低，为28.3%，随着降温速率的降低，XLPE的结晶度不断增加，硅油冷却试样的结晶度为35.6%，同样达到最大值。在4种降温条件中，硅油冷却试样降温最为缓慢，因此结晶持续时间长，更有利于促进分子链有序排列以及晶体的生长完善，最后形成致密稳定的晶型结构。
图2为不同降温速率XLPE试样的SEM图像。从图2中可以看出，在刻蚀完成后，4组试样表面的无定形区域被刻蚀。因此，试样内部的晶区和无定形区两者之间的边界，以及球晶的结构和形貌都可以清楚地观察到。通过比较不同降温方式下XLPE试样的结晶形貌差异，可以发现冰水冷却试样的球晶尺寸最小，平均直径约为8.3 μm。此外，球晶尺寸的分散性较大，可以观察到有大量4 μm和5 μm的小球晶分布在无定形区周围。随着降温速率的逐渐减小，XLPE试样中的球晶尺寸逐渐增大，且其分散性也逐渐减小。不难看出，硅油冷却试样中的球晶平均尺寸最大，约为16.8 μm，而且球晶尺寸均匀、排列紧密。
图3为不同降温速率XLPE试样的XRD曲线。图3中衍射峰1是无定形区的衍射峰，而衍射峰2和衍射峰3是晶区的衍射峰，分别对应（110）和（200）晶面。比较不同试样的衍射峰1可以发现，XLPE试样的衍射强度随着降温速率的增大而增加，表明降温速率越大，试样中无定形区所占的百分比越高，试样的结晶度越低。随着降温速率的减小，衍射峰2的峰值明显增大，硅油冷却试样的衍射强度达到最大值。通过计算衍射峰的面积比例，可以得出减小降温速率可以有效地提高XLPE的结晶度。与冰水冷却试样相比，降温速率的减小使XLPE具有更充分的结晶时间，使得试样中的分子链充分排列和堆积，从而形成体积更大、尺寸更均匀的球晶结构。在结晶形貌得到改善的同时，结晶度也得到了一定程度的提高。
2.2 介电性能
图4为不同降温速率XLPE试样的相对介电常数。从图4可以看出，在任一相同的频率下，冰水冷却试样的相对介电常数都是最低的，约为2.30。随着降温速率的减小，相对介电常数发生小幅上升，硅油冷却试样的相对介电常数明显升高，达到2.45左右。因此可以得出结论，晶体形貌的不同对试样的相对介电常数有一定影响。
从SEM和XRD的结果可知，减小降温速率可以改善XLPE材料的结晶形貌与结构。与无定形区相比，晶区单位体积内的分子链密度更高，所以分子链提供的偶极子极化率也更高[13]。当施加一个恒定的电场时，构成介质的分子内在偶极矩在电场方向上排列，因此晶区的相对介电常数高于无定形区域的相对介电常数。这也解释了具有更高结晶度的硅油冷却试样具有更高的相对介电常数。
图5为在10 kV/mm的直流电场下，不同降温速率XLPE试样的电导率与温度的关系。从图5可以看出，XLPE试样的电导率随着温度的升高而呈指数型增长。在任一相同的测试温度下，硅油冷却试样的电导率均最小。随着降温速率的增大，试样的电导率明显增大。特别是在高温下，冰水冷却试样和空气冷却试样的电导率甚至比自然冷却和硅油冷却试样高1个数量级。因此，可以认为XLPE试样结晶形貌与结构的差异会导致介质内部电荷输运过程中的导电通道不同。结晶结构的完善会增加材料内部晶区的占比，相比在无定形区较为松散的分子链排布，分子链规则且致密排布的晶区更容易限制电荷的迁移。因此，降温速率的减小，能有效减小XLPE试样的电导率。
图6为不同温度下不同降温速率XLPE试样交流击穿强度的Weibull分布。参照弱点击穿的相关理论，当试样的击穿概率为63.2%时，其电阻特性由相应的交流击穿强度来表征。从图6可以看出，XLPE试样的特征击穿强度与试样的降温速率直接相关。在任一给定温度下，试样的降温速率越大，击穿强度越小。随着降温速率的减小，XLPE试样的击穿强度在一定程度上有所增大。随着温度的升高，与硅油冷却试样相比，冰水冷却试样的击穿强度下降得更明显，其分散性也更大，所以在相同条件下更容易发生弱点击穿。
表3为不同温度下不同降温速率XLPE试样的交流击穿强度参数，主要包括尺度参数α和形状参数β。交流击穿的试验结果可以用XLPE结晶形貌与结构的差异来解释。XLPE试样的击穿点主要分布在结晶区之间的无定形区。降温速率的减小在增加球晶尺寸的同时，也使球晶间的排列更加紧凑与规则，球晶之间无定形区的体积亦随之减少。一方面，完善的结晶结构使得XLPE试样内空间电荷的注入阈值增大，在相同电压条件下，硅油冷却试样内部注入的电荷量更少；另一方面，与无定形区相比，晶区规则且致密排布的分子链结构能够有效减小交流电场作用下电荷注入与抽出的速率，缓解介质内部的电场畸变程度，由电荷注入和抽出引发的能量释放过程减弱，激发的热电子数量也相应减少。因此，降温速率减小所带来的XLPE结晶结构的完善，能够有效减少局部放电的发生概率与频率[14-15]，因此试样的电气强度得到显著提升。
2.3 仿真模拟
利用Materials Studio中的Visualizar模块分别构建了聚乙烯的晶区与无定形区的晶胞结构，如图7所示。利用正则系统进行分子动力学模拟计算，求解得到偶极子自相关函数曲线，如图8所示。从图8可以看出，无定形区聚乙烯偶极子自相关函数波动较为迟缓，且函数的波动幅值较小。相比之下，晶区聚乙烯偶极子自相关函数波动更为迅速，函数的波动幅度更大。
偶极子自相关函数的初始值代表单位体积内模型分子提供的偶极子强度，初始值越大，意味着分子链提供的偶极子极化强度越高。相比于无定形区，晶区分子链更为规整，单位体积内分子链密度更高，因而分子链提供的偶极子极化强度更高。当施加恒定电场时，组成介质分子的固有偶极矩沿着电场方向排列，因此晶区的相对介电常数要略高于无定形区[16-17]。
通过对上述偶极子自相关函数进行处理，计算得到聚乙烯晶区与无定形区的相对介电常数分别为2.37和2.22，聚乙烯晶区的相对介电常数较高，可以判断出随着晶区占比的升高，试样的相对介电常数会有一定程度的升高。这与前文中相对介电常数测试结果的趋势相一致，验证了仿真与试验的有效性。
将晶区与无定形区的相对介电常数分别带入到聚乙烯介观尺度下的相应结构中进行交流电场仿真计算，得到在150 kV/mm交流电场的作用下，聚乙烯材料内部介观尺度的电场分布情况，结果如图9所示。
从图9可以看出，在150 kV/mm交流电场的作用下，聚乙烯内部电场并非均匀分布。这是由于晶区与无定形区相对介电参数的差异，而在交流电场作用下电场的分布与相对介电常数相关。晶区由于相对介电常数较高，所承担的电场强度较低，而无定形区的相对介电常数较低，所承担的电场强度则较高。而且，在外加电场方向上球晶与球晶之间的无定形区出现较为严重的电场畸变区域。
通过比较不同降温速率XLPE试样内部的电场分布情况，可以发现冰水冷却试样内部由于结晶时间较短，导致结晶不充分。较小的球晶尺寸引入了更多的球晶间的界面，导致其内部产生了较大面积的电场畸变区域。而硅油冷却试样由于结晶时间充分，结晶区以大尺寸球晶的形式存在，且存在致密稳定的晶型结构。因此引入球晶间的界面较少，材料内部的畸变程度与面积更小。
由仿真结果可知，在交流电场作用下，由于晶区与无定形区相对介电常数的差异，导致在两者的界面处发生较强的电场畸变。当界面电场足够大时，导致该区域发生局部放电现象。局部放电会进一步破坏材料的分子链结构，最终发生绝缘击穿现象。
结合仿真结果与前文的击穿数据可知，通过减小降温速率，能够完善XLPE结晶结构与形貌，致密稳定的晶型结构与晶区占比的提升可以有效缓解晶区与无定形区界面处的电场畸变，降低局部放电发生的概率与频率，使XLPE试样的击穿强度升高。仿真结果与实验室的击穿试验结果相一致，证明了仿真与试验的有效性。
3 结论
收起
本文结合试验与仿真两种方法，研究了在介观尺度下结晶形貌对XLPE电缆绝缘击穿特性的影响规律，得到如下结论：
（1）减小降温速率可以延长结晶时间，有利于XLPE晶区分子链充分、规则的折叠和排列，使试样具有更高的结晶度、更大的球晶尺寸以及更稳定的晶型结构。
（2）减小降温速率不仅可以改善XLPE试样的结晶形貌，还可以改善试样的介电性能，减小试样的电导率，提升试样的击穿强度。
（3）仿真模拟得到聚乙烯晶区的相对介电常数略高于无定形区的相对介电常数，使得在外加电场方向上球晶与球晶之间的无定形区出现较为严重的电场畸变区域。
（4）XLPE的晶区结构完善、晶区占比提升可以有效缓解晶区与无定形区界面处的电场畸变问题，降低局部放电发生的概率和频率，使XLPE试样的击穿强度升高。
基金
收起
  • 国网天津市电力公司科技项目(KJ22-1-37)
文献
收起
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
[1]
李忠磊,杜伯学.高压直流交联聚乙烯电缆运行与研究现状[J].绝缘材料,2016,49(11):9-14.
[2]
MONTANARIG C, LAURENTC, TEYSSEDREG, et al. From LDPE to XLPE: Investigating the change of electrical properties. Part I. space charge, conduction and lifetime[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics Electrical Insulation,2005,12(3):438-446.
[3]
FUM, CHENG, DISSADOL A, et al. Influence of thermal treatment and residues on space charge accumulation in XLPE for DC power cable application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2007,14(1):53-64.
[4]
ZHANGY W, LEWINER J ALQUIEC, et al. Evidence of strong correlation between space-charge buildup and breakdown in cable insulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1996,3(6):778-783.
[5]
李欢,李建英,马永翔,等.不同温度热老化对XLPE电缆绝缘材料晶体结构的影响研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(22):6740-6748.
[6]
周远翔,吴优,张灵,等.预交联对XLPE直流电缆料空间电荷特性的影响[J].绝缘材料,2022,55(3):23-31.
[7]
张灵,周远翔,滕陈源,等.温度场下非等温结晶对低密度聚乙烯空间电荷特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):420-428.
[8]
李剑,沈健,杨丽君,等.降温介质对低密度聚乙烯空间电荷输运特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2010,36(11):2629-2633.
[9]
BULINSKIA T, BAMJIS S, DENSLEYR J, et al. Water treeing in binary linear polyethylene blends: The mechanical aspect[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1994,6(1):949-962.
[10]
FANZ H, YOSHIMURAN. The influence of crystalline morphology on the growth of water trees in PE[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1996,3(6):849-858.
[11]
JOAKIMP M J, UNGEM, LAIHONENS. Determining the dielectric losses in polymers by using molecular dynamics simulations[C]//2015 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena. MI, USA:IEEE,2015.
[12]
TSOLOUG, HARMANDARISV A, MAVRANTZASV G. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of the temperature and pressure dependences of local and terminal relaxations in cis-1,4-polybutadiene[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics,2006,124(8):084906.
[13]
周硕凡.基于晶型调控的聚丙烯绝缘电树枝生长抑制方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2022.
[14]
SHIZ X, ZHANGX H, WANGK, et al. Investigation on electrical tree propagation in polyethylene based on etching method [J]. AIP Advances,2017,7(11):115012.
[15]
ZHOUS F, LIZ L, YUF, et al. Effect of sPP content on electrical tree growth characteristics in iPP/sPP blended cable insulation[C]//2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Dielectrics. Valencia, Spain:IEEE,2020.
[16]
IMMIRZIA, IANNELLIP. Whole-pattern approach to structure refinement problems of fibrous materials: Application to isotactic polypropylene[J]. Macromolecules,1988,21(3):768-773.
[17]
FERROD R, MEILLES V, BRUCKNERS. Energy calculations for isotactic polypropylene: A contribution to clarify the β crystalline structure[J]. Macromolecules,1998,31(20):6926-6934.
2023年第56卷第11期
PDF下载
95
44
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.11.003
  • 接收时间：2022-12-05
  • 首发时间：2025-11-24
  • 出版时间：2023-11-20
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2022-12-05
  • 修回日期：2023-02-09
基金
国网天津市电力公司科技项目(KJ22-1-37)
作者信息
    1国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津 300384
    2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.11.003
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
相关链接
论文
最新文章
热读文章
热点专题
内参
蓝皮书
产业发展报告
传播力报告
期刊分级目录
资讯
学术新闻
行业新闻
学术会议
行业会议
关于
关于我们
联系我们
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
100081
010-62199257
qkjq@cast.org.cn

中国科学技术协会版权所有 京ICP 备10216604号-4 海淀分局备案 1101084647
科技导报社主办 中国科协信息中心技术支持