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In order to obtain epoxy adhesive materials with high thermal stability for metal foil resistors, combining with molecular simulation and experiment, we studied the effects of molecular structures of methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MeHHPA), methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA), and hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) on the thermodynamic properties of epoxy adhesive materials for metal foil resistors. Firstly, the cross-linking models of three kinds of acid anhydride molecules and fluoren-based epoxy resin (DGEBF) were established, respectively, and the macroscopic thermodynamic parameters of the cross-linking models were analyzed through molecular simulation calculation. Secondly, the influence mechanism of the molecular structure of acid anhydride on the thermodynamic properties of the cross-linking system was explained according to microscopic parameters. Finally, the simulation results were verified by experiments. The results show that hexahydrophthalic anhydride system has the smallest free volume (FFV) and mean square displacement (MSD), and the free volume proportion is only 15.15%. In the experiment, the change trend of thermodynamic properties of the three kinds of curing anhydride system is consistent with the simulation results. The hexahydrophthalic anhydride system has the best thermodynamic performance, and its glass transition temperature reaches 435 K, bending strength reaches 84.46 MPa, and volumetric thermal expansion coefficient is only 1.65×10-4 K-1.

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为获得金属箔电阻器用高热稳定性环氧粘接剂材料,采用分子模拟计算结合实验的方法研究了甲基六氢苯酐(MeHHPA)、甲基四氢苯酐(MeTHPA)和六氢苯酐(HHPA)的分子结构对金属箔电阻器环氧粘接剂材料热力学性能的影响。首先分别建立了3种酸酐分子与芴基环氧树脂(DGEBF)的交联模型,并通过分子模拟计算分析了交联模型的宏观热力学参数,其次从微观参数方面解释了酸酐分子结构对交联体系热力学性能影响的机理,最后通过实验对仿真结果进行了验证。结果表明:六氢邻苯二甲酸酐体系具有最小的自由体积和均方位移,自由体积占比仅为15.15%。实验中,3种酸酐固化体系的热力学性能变化趋势与模拟计算结果相吻合,六氢苯酐体系的热力学性能最好,其玻璃化转变温度达435 K,弯曲强度达84.46 MPa,体积热膨胀系数仅为1.65×10-4 K-1

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姚力(1971-),男(汉族),浙江杭州人,教授级高级工程师,主要从事电力计量、新能源计量技术的研究。

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姚力(1971-),男(汉族),浙江杭州人,教授级高级工程师,主要从事电力计量、新能源计量技术的研究。

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样品DGEBFMeHHPAMeTHPAHHPA
DF-MH200103.3600
DF-MT2000102.110
DF-HH2000094.74
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固化原料质量配比

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样品DGEBFMeHHPAMeTHPAHHPA
DF-MH200103.3600
DF-MT2000102.110
DF-HH2000094.74
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样品体积模量/GPa剪切模量/GPa杨氏模量/GPa
DF-MH3.821.744.53
DF-MT3.831.854.81
DF-HH6.781.865.12
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力学模量参数计算结果

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样品体积模量/GPa剪切模量/GPa杨氏模量/GPa
DF-MH3.821.744.53
DF-MT3.831.854.81
DF-HH6.781.865.12
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样品占据体积/Å自由体积/Å自由体积占比/%
DF-MH14 131.883 163.8618.29
DF-MT13 724.072 939.0616.93
DF-HH13 478.262 405.8115.15
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自由体积占比计算结果

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样品占据体积/Å自由体积/Å自由体积占比/%
DF-MH14 131.883 163.8618.29
DF-MT13 724.072 939.0616.93
DF-HH13 478.262 405.8115.15
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酸酐分子结构对金属箔电阻器环氧粘接剂材料热力学性能影响的研究
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姚力 1 , 刘宇晨 2 , 赵玉顺 2 , 章江铭 1 , 徐韬 1 , 刘思 1 , 张松 2
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2023,56(10): 30-36
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2023, 56(10): 30-36
酸酐分子结构对金属箔电阻器环氧粘接剂材料热力学性能影响的研究
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姚力1, 刘宇晨2, 赵玉顺2, 章江铭1, 徐韬1, 刘思1, 张松2
作者信息
  • 1国网浙江省电力有限公司营销服务中心,浙江 杭州 310000
  • 2合肥工业大学 电气与自动化工程学院,安徽 合肥 230009
  • 姚力(1971-),男(汉族),浙江杭州人,教授级高级工程师,主要从事电力计量、新能源计量技术的研究。

Study on effect of molecular structure of anhydride on thermodynamic properties of epoxy adhesive material for metal foil resistor
Li YAO1, Yuchen LIU2, Yushun ZHAO2, Jiangming ZHANG1, Tao XU1, Si LIU1, Song ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1Marketing Service Center of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Supply Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China
  • 2School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
出版时间: 2023-10-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.10.004
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为获得金属箔电阻器用高热稳定性环氧粘接剂材料,采用分子模拟计算结合实验的方法研究了甲基六氢苯酐(MeHHPA)、甲基四氢苯酐(MeTHPA)和六氢苯酐(HHPA)的分子结构对金属箔电阻器环氧粘接剂材料热力学性能的影响。首先分别建立了3种酸酐分子与芴基环氧树脂(DGEBF)的交联模型,并通过分子模拟计算分析了交联模型的宏观热力学参数,其次从微观参数方面解释了酸酐分子结构对交联体系热力学性能影响的机理,最后通过实验对仿真结果进行了验证。结果表明:六氢邻苯二甲酸酐体系具有最小的自由体积和均方位移,自由体积占比仅为15.15%。实验中,3种酸酐固化体系的热力学性能变化趋势与模拟计算结果相吻合,六氢苯酐体系的热力学性能最好,其玻璃化转变温度达435 K,弯曲强度达84.46 MPa,体积热膨胀系数仅为1.65×10-4 K-1

酸酐分子结构  /  金属箔电阻器  /  环氧粘接剂材料  /  热力学性能  /  分子模拟

In order to obtain epoxy adhesive materials with high thermal stability for metal foil resistors, combining with molecular simulation and experiment, we studied the effects of molecular structures of methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MeHHPA), methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA), and hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) on the thermodynamic properties of epoxy adhesive materials for metal foil resistors. Firstly, the cross-linking models of three kinds of acid anhydride molecules and fluoren-based epoxy resin (DGEBF) were established, respectively, and the macroscopic thermodynamic parameters of the cross-linking models were analyzed through molecular simulation calculation. Secondly, the influence mechanism of the molecular structure of acid anhydride on the thermodynamic properties of the cross-linking system was explained according to microscopic parameters. Finally, the simulation results were verified by experiments. The results show that hexahydrophthalic anhydride system has the smallest free volume (FFV) and mean square displacement (MSD), and the free volume proportion is only 15.15%. In the experiment, the change trend of thermodynamic properties of the three kinds of curing anhydride system is consistent with the simulation results. The hexahydrophthalic anhydride system has the best thermodynamic performance, and its glass transition temperature reaches 435 K, bending strength reaches 84.46 MPa, and volumetric thermal expansion coefficient is only 1.65×10-4 K-1.

molecular structure of anhydride  /  metal foil resistor  /  epoxy adhesive material  /  thermodynamic properties  /  molecular simulation
姚力, 刘宇晨, 赵玉顺, 章江铭, 徐韬, 刘思, 张松. 酸酐分子结构对金属箔电阻器环氧粘接剂材料热力学性能影响的研究. 绝缘材料, 2023 , 56 (10) : 30 -36 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.10.004
Li YAO, Yuchen LIU, Yushun ZHAO, Jiangming ZHANG, Tao XU, Si LIU, Song ZHANG. Study on effect of molecular structure of anhydride on thermodynamic properties of epoxy adhesive material for metal foil resistor[J]. Insulating Materials, 2023 , 56 (10) : 30 -36 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.10.004
金属箔电阻器具有精度高、稳定性好、残余感抗小等优点[1],广泛应用于高精度、高稳定性精密电能测量设备的制造[2]。金属箔电阻器是将金属箔材通过粘接剂材料粘贴到陶瓷基板上而制成,随着电力、航空航天领域的发展,对金属箔电阻器的高温稳定性提出了更高的要求。目前金属箔电阻器的粘接剂材料以普通环氧粘接胶为主,其耐热温度不高,且热膨胀系数较大,电阻器粘接材料容易因为受热发生形变而影响金属箔电阻器的精度和运行稳定性,故制备出高热稳定性的金属箔电阻器用粘接剂材料具有重要的意义。
环氧树脂具有绝缘性能好、力学性能优异、耐化学腐蚀能力强、易加工成型等优点,在电气绝缘领域具有广泛的应用[3-5]。其中,芴基环氧树脂(DGEBF)由于刚性芴基的存在,相较于传统环氧树脂具有较高的玻璃化转变温度和残碳率,耐热性能和力学性能良好,通常作为粘接剂材料应用于电子器件的制造[6]。然而,环氧粘接剂材料由环氧树脂和固化剂交联而成,其性能由环氧树脂和固化剂共同决定,虽然芴基环氧树脂固化物具有较好的热力学性能,但不同种类的酸酐固化剂分子结构存在差异,研究酸酐固化剂分子结构对芴基环氧树脂热力学性能的影响,对提升金属箔电阻器粘接剂材料的热稳定性至关重要。
为研究酸酐固化剂分子对粘接剂材料性能的影响,学者们针对酸酐固化剂结构对环氧固化物的性能进行了研究。郝留成等[7]通过复配的方式改变酸酐固化剂结构,建立了甲基四氢苯酐/邻苯二甲酸酐/双酚A型环氧树脂的交联模型,研究固化剂不同复配比对交联环氧树脂结构、热学性能和力学性能的影响,结果表明,当甲基四氢苯酐和邻苯二甲酸酐的物质的量之比为7∶3时,体系的综合力学性能最好,但玻璃化转变温度最低。ZHAO Y等[8]研究了有机酸酐分子中甲基和碳-碳双键对环氧树脂/Al2O3复合材料介电性能的影响,发现酸酐分子中引入的双键通过吸引其周围轨道的电子云,改变了EP/酸酐固化分子不同链段上电子轨道的稳定性,使整个分子链的LUMO和HOMO能级发生变化。P SOO-JIN等[9]采用动态差示扫描量热法、热重分析和动态力学分析等实验方法研究了以邻苯二甲酸酐和四氢邻苯二甲酸酐为固化剂固化的双酚S二缩水甘油醚的固化行为、热稳定性和动态力学性能,发现四氢邻苯二甲酸酐固化体系的热性能相较于邻苯二甲酸酐体系更好。
虽然目前针对酸酐结构对环氧树脂性能的影响已有部分研究,但是主要集中于酸酐结构对双酚A型普通环氧树脂性能影响,对于金属箔电阻器粘接用高耐热环氧树脂影响的研究相对较少,并且研究多数以实验为主,无法获得酸酐自身结构对粘接剂材料热力学性能影响的机理[10]
甲基六氢苯酐(MeHHPA)和甲基四氢苯酐(MeTHPA)在室温下均为液体,六氢苯酐(HHPA)的熔点仅为100℃左右,易于与环氧树脂混合交联固化,具有固化温度低、操作工艺简单、与环氧树脂的固化产物绝缘性能优异的特点,甲基六氢苯酐与甲基四氢苯酐之间的差异仅为一个C=C键,甲基六氢苯酐与六氢苯酐之间差异仅为一个甲基,故本研究选择甲基六氢苯酐、甲基四氢苯酐、六氢苯酐3种固化剂,通过研究酸酐分子结构对环氧固化产物性能的影响,从自由体积、均方位移等微观参数层面分析酸酐分子结构对环氧粘接剂材料热力学性能影响的机理,从而获得性能相对最佳的高耐热型环氧粘接剂材料。
在无促进剂参与反应的情况下,酸酐固化反应过程为:(a)环氧树脂中的羟基将酸酐开环,生成单酯;(b)第一步反应生成的羧基与环氧基进行酯化反应生成二酯,同时酯化反应生成的羟基可以进一步使环氧基开环。反应多次重复进行,分子链不断增长,最终得到网状交联结构[11],交联反应方程式如图1所示。
(1)首先通过Materials Studio仿真软件构建DGEBF、MeTHPA、MeHHPA和HHPA 4种单体的分子模型,并对其进行几何优化,反应物的单体分子模型及分子式如图2所示。
(2)采用Amorphous模块,将15个DGEBF和30个酸酐固化剂分子放入周期性的模拟盒内,得到3种交联模型。采用周期性边界条件以消除边界效应,设定初始密度为0.6 g/cm3,温度为600 K。为使模型中分子链进一步松弛,先选择在恒温恒体积(NVT)系综下进行500 ps的计算,随后在恒温恒压(NPT)系综下进行500 ps的计算以获得更加合理的体系密度。计算过程中设置步长为1 fs,压强为0.1 MPa,力场为COMPASS Ⅱ,控温程序选用Andersen,控压程序选用Berendsen[12-13]
(3)按照环氧树脂与酸酐固化剂的交联原理,编制基于Perl语言的交联程序模拟实现交联反应[14]。预设初始截断半径Rn为3.5 Å,最大截断半径Rmax为10 Å,步长为0.5 Å,反应温度为600 K。统一选取交联度为85%的交联结构,并进行几何优化和平衡,最终获得体系的交联结构模型[15],如图3所示。
(4)将3种不同交联模型进行500~300 K的退火处理,降温速率设置为25 K/500 ps,压强设定为1个标准大气压,得到不同温度下各模型的密度与体积数据[16]
芴基环氧树脂(DGEBF),环氧值为0.341 4 mol/100 g,自制;六氢邻苯二甲酸酐(HHPA)、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐(MeHHPA)、甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐(MeTHPA),均为分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司。
表1中所示原料质量配比在三口反应釜中分别加入芴基环氧树脂(DGEBF)及3种不同种类的酸酐固化剂,在150℃的真空条件下持续加热搅拌至完全混合均匀,然后将混料浇注到已进行预热处理的模具中,放置在真空干燥箱中进行真空加热固化,固化程序为150℃/4 h+180℃/12 h。分别得到甲基六氢苯酐体系(DF-MH)、甲基四氢苯酐体系(DF-MT)、六氢苯酐体系(DF-HH)的环氧粘接剂材料。
采用动态热机械分析仪(DMA 800型,美国TA仪器公司)对样品的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)进行测试,测试选用单悬臂模式,测试频率为1 Hz,最大振幅为1 μm,最大动态力为1 N,温度范围为40~200℃,升温速率为2℃/min,空气氛围。
使用热膨胀系数测量仪(ZRPY-1000型,湘潭华辰仪器有限公司)对样品玻璃化转变温度前后的热膨胀系数进行测试。
使用万能力学试验机(UTM4104型,深圳三思纵横有限公司)对样品的弯曲强度、冲击强度进行测试。
玻璃化转变温度(Tg)是衡量聚合物材料热学性能的一个重要指标[17]。在宏观上表现为材料由玻璃态转变为高弹态时其密度随温度的变化关系曲线会在Tg处出现拐点,对拐点两侧的数据进行分段线性拟合,两条拟合直线的交点即为Tg图4是六氢苯酐体系(DF-HH)的Tg拟合曲线,共记录9组密度-温度点,两条拟合线段的交点即为仿真所得的Tg[18-19]
图5是甲基六氢苯酐体系(DF-MH)、甲基四氢苯酐体系(DF-MT)、六氢苯酐体系(DF-HH)环氧粘接剂材料的Tg模拟计算结果。从图5可以看出,计算得到的3种酸酐固化剂交联体系的Tg由高到低依次为DF-HH、DF-MT、DF-MH,说明在3种酸酐与芴基环氧树脂的交联体系中,六氢苯酐体系(DF-HH)的玻璃化转变温度最高,表明其耐热性和热稳定性在3种体系中最好。
热膨胀系数(β)可用来计算材料内部因受热膨胀后所产生的内应力,是衡量材料热稳定性的一个重要指标[20]。通过对玻璃化转变前后的体积-温度数据进行拟合,即可分别得到玻璃态和高弹态下体积随温度的变化率,如图6为DF-MH的热膨胀系数拟合曲线。热膨胀系数的计算式为式(1),其中V0表示体系在300 K时的体积大小,作为初始体积。初始气压取标准大气压P=1.013 25×105 Pa。
β=1V0VTP
图7是甲基六氢苯酐体系(DF-MH)、甲基四氢苯酐体系(DF-MT)、六氢苯酐体系(DF-HH)环氧粘接剂材料的热膨胀系数。从图7可以看出,DF-HH在玻璃态及高弹态下的热膨胀系数均小于DF-MH和DF-MT,而DF-MT的热膨胀系数小于DF-MH。说明在3种酸酐交联体系中,DF-HH的抵抗高温形变的能力最强,内部的热应力最小,热稳定性最高。
在Materials Studio软件中,可采用静态常应变方法来计算交联体系的力学性能[21]。具体方法为:对已达到平衡的交联环氧体系施加一个微小的应变,通过体系对应变的响应,即可得到其刚度矩阵Cij,如式(2)所示。
Cij=λ+2μλλ000λλ+2μλ000λλλ+2μ000000μ000000μ000000μ
式(2)中,λμ为弹性常数,可以由式(3)求出。
λ=16(C12+C13+C21+C23+C31+C32)μ=13(C44+C55+C66)
将环氧树脂近似看作各向同性材料,则由弹性常数可以求得交联体系的体积模量(K)、剪切模量(G)和杨氏模量(E),如式(4)所示。
K=λ+23μG=μE=μ3λ+2μλ+μ
3种不同结构酸酐体系的力学模量计算结果如表2所示。从表2可以看出,六氢苯酐体系(DF-HH)的体积模量、杨氏模量、剪切模量在3种体系中最大,表明DF-HH在3种不同结构的酸酐固化剂交联体系中力学性能最好。甲基四氢苯酐体系(DF-MT)的3种力学模量均大于甲基六氢苯酐体系(DF-MH),故前者的力学性能优于后者。
自由体积占比(F)是材料重要的微观结构参数,是影响交联体系玻璃化转变温度和聚合物材料性能的重要指标[22]。自由体积理论认为液态和固态物质的体积由两部分组成,一部分是被分子链占据的体积V0,另一部分是未被占据的体积Vf,即自由体积。为便于对比不同模型的自由体积,本研究使用自由体积占比,即自由体积与总体积的比值,表示3种不同结构的芴基环氧树脂与酸酐的交联体系模型中自由体积的相对大小,如式(5)所示。
F=VfV0+Vf×100%
表3列出了3种不同结构酸酐固化剂交联体系在300 K下的自由体积占比。
表3可以看出,六氢苯酐体系(DF-HH)的自由体积占比相较于甲基六氢苯酐体系(DF-MH)和甲基四氢苯酐体系(DF-MT)更小,这是因为MeHHPA和MeTHPA分子中甲基的存在会使得分子间的距离增大,分子链柔性增加,导致这两种体系具有较大的自由体积占比。而MeTHPA相较于MeHHPA,由于其分子中的碳-碳双键无法进行内旋转,分子的柔顺性较低,导致体系的自由体积占比较小[23]。自由体积占比对于体系的玻璃化转变温度和力学性能存在一定的影响,自由体积占比越小,体系的交联结构越致密,玻璃化转变温度越高,同时导致体系的刚性越大,对分子链段运动的阻碍作用越大,体系的力学性能越好[24],这分别与图5中玻璃化转变温度和表2中力学模量所示的结果趋势相对应。
均方位移(M)指的是粒子位移平方的平均值[25],可表征体系中分子链段的运动能力,其定义如式(6)所示。
M=13Ni=0N-1[|Ri(t)-Ri(0)|2]
式(6)中:Ri(t)和Ri(0)分别表示系统中的任意一个原子it时刻和初始零时刻的位移矢量;N为体系中的总原子数。
图8表示甲基六氢苯酐、六氢苯酐、甲基四氢苯酐3种酸酐固化剂与芴基环氧树脂交联体系在温度300 K下进行30 ps仿真计算后的均方位移曲线图。体系固化度相同的情况下,链段运动能力是环氧树脂交联体系弹性模量最直接的影响因素,均方位移曲线斜率越小,体系的弹性模量越高,力学性能越优异。
图8可以看出,在3种交联体系中,分子链段的运动能力由大到小依次为甲基六氢苯酐体系(DF-MH)、甲基四氢苯酐体系(DF-MT)、六氢苯酐体系(DF-HH)的环氧粘接剂材料。分析可知,甲基的存在会增大分子间距离,使分子间作用力减小,分子链段的运动能力增强,故不含甲基的DF-HH的均方位移较小;由于分子链段中的碳-碳双键不能内旋转,含碳-碳双键体系结构的刚性较大,分子链段的运动能力较低,故分子主链具有碳-碳双键的DF-MT相较于DF-MH体系的均方位移斜率较小。而均方位移斜率越大,分子链段的运动能力越强,体系随温度产生体积变化的能力越强,热膨胀系数越高,这与图7的计算结果大小顺序相吻合。
为了对分子动力学模拟仿真热学拟合数据的可靠性进行验证,对3种酸酐交联体系环氧粘接剂材料的热学性能进行实验验证,将实验结果与仿真数据进行对比,主要包括玻璃化转变温度和热膨胀系数。
图9是3种不同结构酸酐固化剂交联体系玻璃化转变温度的仿真数据与实验结果对比。从图9可以看出,尽管在数值上仿真结果与实验结果存在一定的偏差,但玻璃化转变温度的实验数据和仿真数据变化趋势相吻合,且数值均在一个数量级内。3种体系的玻璃化转变温度由低到高依次为甲基六氢苯酐体系(DF-MH)、甲基四氢苯酐体系(DF-MT)、六氢苯酐体系(DF-HH)。
图10为3种不同结构酸酐固化剂交联体系热膨胀系数的实验测试数据图。从图10可以看出,不同酸酐交联体系的热膨胀系数的大小顺序与玻璃化转变温度相反,玻璃化转变温度越高,热膨胀系数越小。热膨胀系数越大,热学性能越差,这与分子模拟计算所得结果趋势相吻合。
综合图9图10的结果可知,3种酸酐交联体系中,六氢苯酐体系(DF-HH)所表现出来的热学性能最好,而在其他两种酸酐固化剂当中,甲基四氢苯酐体系(DF-MT)的热学性能优于甲基六氢苯酐体系(DF-MH),通过实验测试得到的3种酸酐固化体系的热学性能排序结果与分子模拟计算所预测出的热学性能排序结果一致,验证了分子模拟计算用以预测热学性能的准确性与可靠性。
3种不同结构酸酐固化剂交联体系的弯曲强度和冲击强度测试结果如图11所示。
图11可以看出,3种固化体系的弯曲强度和冲击强度从小到大依次为甲基六氢苯酐体系(DF-MH)、甲基四氢苯酐体系(DF-MT)、六氢苯酐体系(DF-HH)。在3种不同结构的酸酐固化剂交联体系中,DF-HH的弯曲强度和冲击强度分别为84.46 MPa和8.39 MPa,均高于其他两种体系,说明分子链中不含甲基结构的DF-HH的力学性能优于其余两种含甲基结构体系。DF-MT的弯曲强度和冲击强度大于DF-MH,说明主链含碳-碳双键结构的DF-MT力学性能优于无碳-碳双键结构的DF-MH。
由以上实验结果可知,通过实验测试得到的力学性能结果与分子模拟计算所得到的力学模量结果一致。以此可以验证出在3种不同结构的酸酐固化剂交联体系中,甲基六氢苯酐体系的力学性能最差,六氢苯酐体系的力学性能最好,这与3种体系的热学性能排序相同。
(1)分子动力学模拟计算结果表明,六氢苯酐(HHPA)因其分子结构中不携带甲基,其与芴基环氧树脂交联体系(DF-HH)的自由体积占比及均方位移最小,自由体积占比仅为15.15%;甲基六氢苯酐(MeHHPA)相较于甲基四氢苯酐(MeTHPA),分子主链中不含有双键,分子柔顺性较大,因此其与芴基环氧树脂交联体系DF-MH的自由体积及均方位移斜率最大,自由体积占比达18.29%。3种酸酐固化体系的宏观热力学性能由高至低依次为DF-HH、DF-MT、DF-MH。
(2)实验验证结果表明,在3种酸酐固化体系中,六氢苯酐体系的玻璃化转变温度最高,达435 K,弯曲强度和冲击强度在3种体系中最大,分别为84.46 MPa和8.39 MPa,并且高弹态和玻璃态的热膨胀系数均小于其他两种体系,热力学性能最优。
(3)分子动力学模拟计算结果与实验测试结果趋势一致,均表明芴基环氧树脂/六氢苯酐体系(DF-HH)的热力学性能最好,可作为金属箔电阻器的高热稳定性粘接剂材料。
  • 国家电网有限公司科技项目(5700-202219210A-1-1-ZN)
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.10.004
  • 接收时间:2022-11-14
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2023-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-14
  • 修回日期:2022-12-20
基金
国家电网有限公司科技项目(5700-202219210A-1-1-ZN)
作者信息
    1国网浙江省电力有限公司营销服务中心,浙江 杭州 310000
    2合肥工业大学 电气与自动化工程学院,安徽 合肥 230009
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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