Article(id=1199639739520348418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1199639737100235003, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.09.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1667836800000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-08, revisedDate=1677081600000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763946002129, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1695139200000, pubDateStr=2023-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763946002129, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763946002129, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763946002129, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199639737100235003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2023', volume='56', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='107', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763946001553, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563671560, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210619040956027365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1199639737100235003, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210619040956027366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1199639737100235003, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=43, endPage=48, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199639739923001609, articleId=1199639739520348418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Preparation and properties of PBO fiber-reinforced composite foam insulating materials, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the strength of composite foam material used for post composite insulator core, the poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber was used to reinforce composite foam material, and the fiber content suitable for internal insulation applications was determined by studying the effects of different content of PBO fiber on the thermal, mechanical, and insulating properties of composite foam material. The results show that the addition of PBO fiber endows the composite foam materials with the ability to resist impact damage. When the mass fraction of PBO fiber is 0.4%, the energy absorbed by the composite foam materials in the drop weight impact test reaches the maximum. The addition of PBO fiber can decrease the thermal expansion rate of the material, improve the thermal stability, reduce the potential thermal stress risk, and has little effect on the internal insulation performance of composite foam materials.

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为了提高支柱复合绝缘子芯体用复合泡沫材料的强度,使用聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维增强复合泡沫材料,通过研究不同含量PBO纤维对复合泡沫材料热学、力学和绝缘性能的影响,确定适合于内绝缘应用的纤维含量。结果表明:PBO纤维的加入赋予了复合泡沫材料抵抗冲击破坏的能力,当PBO纤维质量分数为0.4%时,复合泡沫材料落锤冲击试验吸收的能量达到最高;PBO纤维的加入能够降低材料的热膨胀率,提升热稳定性,降低潜在的热应力风险,且对复合泡沫材料的内绝缘性能影响不大。

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麻云帆(1999-),女(汉族),浙江丽水人,硕士生,研究方向为高压绝缘材料。
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刘云鹏(1976-);男(汉族),安徽六安人,教授,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。

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刘云鹏(1976-);男(汉族),安徽六安人,教授,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。

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刘云鹏(1976-);男(汉族),安徽六安人,教授,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。

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纤维质量分数/%T5%/℃Tmax/℃残留率/%
0345.61397.805.67
0.2345.62397.876.34
0.4336.88397.958.89
0.6336.70398.139.08
0.8327.92398.1210.73
), ArticleFig(id=1217470077021114397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199639739520348418, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同PBO纤维含量复合泡沫材料的热稳定性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纤维质量分数/%T5%/℃Tmax/℃残留率/%
0345.61397.805.67
0.2345.62397.876.34
0.4336.88397.958.89
0.6336.70398.139.08
0.8327.92398.1210.73
), ArticleFig(id=1217470077109194784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199639739520348418, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Drop-weight impact test results of materials, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纤维质量分数/%峰值力/N峰值位移/mm峰值能量/J
022.8681.0380.009
0.222.2960.9530.009
0.427.7272.9330.036
0.629.4432.5200.036
0.832.3012.3400.035
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材料的落锤冲击试验结果

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纤维质量分数/%峰值力/N峰值位移/mm峰值能量/J
022.8681.0380.009
0.222.2960.9530.009
0.427.7272.9330.036
0.629.4432.5200.036
0.832.3012.3400.035
), ArticleFig(id=1217470077302132778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199639739520348418, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Electric strength and parameters of samples with different fiber content, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纤维质量分数/%电气强度/(kV/mm)形状参数
031.230.48
0.230.530.45
0.430.270.44
0.629.810.44
0.828.920.41
), ArticleFig(id=1217470077432156202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199639739520348418, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同纤维含量样品的电气强度及参数

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纤维质量分数/%电气强度/(kV/mm)形状参数
031.230.48
0.230.530.45
0.430.270.44
0.629.810.44
0.828.920.41
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PBO纤维增强复合泡沫绝缘材料的制备及性能研究
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刘云鹏 1 , 麻云帆 1 , 刘贺晨 1 , 张铭嘉 1 , 周松松 2 , 李乐 1 , 田正波 3 , 苏铮 1
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2023,56(9): 43-48
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2023, 56(9): 43-48
PBO纤维增强复合泡沫绝缘材料的制备及性能研究
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刘云鹏1, 麻云帆1, 刘贺晨1, 张铭嘉1, 周松松2, 李乐1, 田正波3, 苏铮1
作者信息
  • 1华北电力大学 河北省绿色高效电工新材料与设备重点实验室,河北 保定,071003
  • 2中国电力科学研究院有限公司,北京 100192
  • 3襄阳国网合成绝缘子有限责任公司,湖北 襄阳 410000
  • 刘云鹏(1976-);男(汉族),安徽六安人,教授,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。

通讯作者:

麻云帆(1999-),女(汉族),浙江丽水人,硕士生,研究方向为高压绝缘材料。
Preparation and properties of PBO fiber-reinforced composite foam insulating materials
Yunpeng LIU1, Yunfan MA1, Hechen LIU1, Mingjia ZHANG1, Songsong ZHOU2, Le LI1, Zhengbo TIAN3, Zheng SU1
Affiliations
  • 1Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
  • 2China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
  • 3Xiangyang Guowang Composite Insulators Co., Ltd., Xiangyang 410000, China
出版时间: 2023-09-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.09.008
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为了提高支柱复合绝缘子芯体用复合泡沫材料的强度,使用聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维增强复合泡沫材料,通过研究不同含量PBO纤维对复合泡沫材料热学、力学和绝缘性能的影响,确定适合于内绝缘应用的纤维含量。结果表明:PBO纤维的加入赋予了复合泡沫材料抵抗冲击破坏的能力,当PBO纤维质量分数为0.4%时,复合泡沫材料落锤冲击试验吸收的能量达到最高;PBO纤维的加入能够降低材料的热膨胀率,提升热稳定性,降低潜在的热应力风险,且对复合泡沫材料的内绝缘性能影响不大。

复合泡沫  /  PBO纤维  /  环氧树脂  /  热性能  /  力学性能

In order to improve the strength of composite foam material used for post composite insulator core, the poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber was used to reinforce composite foam material, and the fiber content suitable for internal insulation applications was determined by studying the effects of different content of PBO fiber on the thermal, mechanical, and insulating properties of composite foam material. The results show that the addition of PBO fiber endows the composite foam materials with the ability to resist impact damage. When the mass fraction of PBO fiber is 0.4%, the energy absorbed by the composite foam materials in the drop weight impact test reaches the maximum. The addition of PBO fiber can decrease the thermal expansion rate of the material, improve the thermal stability, reduce the potential thermal stress risk, and has little effect on the internal insulation performance of composite foam materials.

composite foam  /  PBO fiber  /  epoxy resin  /  thermal properties  /  mechanical properties
刘云鹏, 麻云帆, 刘贺晨, 张铭嘉, 周松松, 李乐, 田正波, 苏铮. PBO纤维增强复合泡沫绝缘材料的制备及性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2023 , 56 (9) : 43 -48 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.09.008
Yunpeng LIU, Yunfan MA, Hechen LIU, Mingjia ZHANG, Songsong ZHOU, Le LI, Zhengbo TIAN, Zheng SU. Preparation and properties of PBO fiber-reinforced composite foam insulating materials[J]. Insulating Materials, 2023 , 56 (9) : 43 -48 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.09.008
近年来,为提升电气设备在施工、运维等方面的便捷性及外绝缘性能,支柱复合绝缘子逐步取代支柱陶瓷绝缘子成为超、特高压电气设备的重要绝缘组件[1]。其中,作为支柱复合绝缘子最重要的结构部件,绝缘芯体既要能够承担外界的机械荷载,还需提供可靠的电气绝缘性能[2-4]。目前,泡沫填充绝缘芯体能够在保证自身轻质高绝缘的同时,实现大尺寸芯体的制备,具备成为主流绝缘芯体的前景。以空心微球为填料,以环氧树脂为基体的复合泡沫材料,在吸水率、水扩散泄漏电流、电气强度等方面具有良好性能,较好地改善了传统聚氨酯泡沫材料耐水渗透性差的问题。然而复合泡沫材料存在热稳定性差、韧性差的缺陷,主要原因在于该材料在温度改变时会因为胀缩效应而发生较大的体积变化,从而出现与其他材料结合界面开裂的情况。同时,空心微球的热导率较低,材料在制作和使用过程中热量传导困难,会进一步引起材料黄变。上述缺陷将对复合泡沫材料的绝缘性能产生较大影响。
目前,国内外对于聚合物材料热稳定性和机械强度的改进方法包括纳米填料增强改性、树脂改性、纤维增强改性等,其中纤维增强改性的方法因具备批量化生产的可行性而被广泛应用[5-8]。聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole),PBO)纤维具有轻质、高强度高模量、耐水性好、耐热性和热稳定性好的优点,是优秀的纤维增强材料[7]。GU J等[8]研究发现添加质量分数为1%的PBO纤维即可使聚氨酯材料的力学性能显著提升。PENG T等[9]对PBO纤维改性环氧树脂材料进行了疲劳老化试验,结果发现老化后材料的拉伸模量、剪切强度降幅较小,PBO纤维改性的材料具有良好的抗疲劳性能。此外,文献[10-11]研究了PBO纤维改性环氧树脂的电气强度、体积电阻率等关键电学性能。上述研究表明,PBO纤维可以显著改善和提升聚合物基复合材料的力学及电学性能。同时,考虑到PBO纤维自身所具备的负热膨胀性能,这将有助于补偿温度变化时聚合物材料的体积变化,对于聚合物材料热稳定性的提高和开裂风险的降低有显著作用[12-13]
综上所述,采用PBO纤维改性复合泡沫材料以提升支柱复合绝缘子芯体材料的力学及热学性能具备可行性。本文利用PBO纤维作为增强材料开展复合泡沫材料的增强改性研究。通过将不同含量的PBO纤维引入到填充质量分数为2%的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)空心微球的复合泡沫材料中,得到改性的芯体材料,并对材料的热学、电学和力学性能进行综合评估。通过分析获得适合的复合泡沫材料配方,以期为解决现有特高压绝缘芯体缺陷问题提供理论支撑和数据参考。
双酚A型环氧树脂(环氧值为0.51 mol/100 g)、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐(工业纯),浙江珀力姆电气科技有限公司;2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚,纯度为95%,阿拉丁试剂有限公司;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)有机空心微球,密度为22~28 kg/m3,平均粒径为50 μm,阿克苏公司;聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维,AS高强型,长度为3 mm,直径为15 μm,中科金琦公司。
PBO纤维增强复合泡沫材料的制备流程如图1所示,将双酚A型环氧树脂、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚按质量比100∶75∶0.3配置得到基体树脂,加入质量分数为2%的PMMA微球,再加入质量分数分别为0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%的PBO纤维。然后使用真空行星搅拌仪以600 r/min的速度搅拌均匀,将搅拌均匀的混合料倒入模具,在95℃的真空环境下静置8 h完成脱泡固化。固化后的样品需裁切成相应的形状尺寸进行性能测试。
按照GB/T 16535—2008采用NETZSCH DIL-402SE型热膨胀仪对样品的热膨胀率进行测量;按照ASTM E1461:2013采用NETZSCH LFA-427型激光导热测试仪对样品的热导率进行测量;使用STA 449 F3型热重分析仪(TGA)测试样品的热稳定性,升温速率为5 K/min,氮气氛围;按照BS EN 13726-1:2002测试样品的吸水率。
拉伸破坏试验及弯曲破坏试验分别按照ISO 527-4:2021和ISO 14125:1998采用ETM-104C型通用试验机进行,弯曲样品尺寸为1 mm×15 mm×40 mm,加载时跨距为20 mm,拉伸样品为哑铃形,厚度为1 mm,标距为50 mm,中间平行段宽度为10 mm。加装样品时确保其中心线与夹具中心线一致,载荷加载速度为10 mm/min。
落锤冲击试验按照GB/T 1843—2008采用Instron-9350型落锤试验机进行,落锤直径为20 mm,样品厚度为1 mm,样品长宽均为45 mm。
热力学性能使用TA-Q800动态力学热分析仪进行测试,测试频率为2 Hz,振幅为10 μm,温度为30~120℃,升温速率为5 K/min,记录升温过程中样品在额定变形下的响应,分析模量的变化。
使用YG9100型抗干扰介质损耗测试仪对样品在常温50 Hz频率下的介电性能进行测量,样品厚度为4 mm,每种样品在2 kV试验电压下至少测量10次,结果取平均值。
按照GB/T 1408.1—2016测试样品的电气强度,电极为球-球电极,样品厚度为1 mm,升压速率为2 kV/s,电极与样品需浸没在二甲基硅油中防止沿面闪络,每种试样至少测试20个样品。
泄漏电流试验按照IEC 62217-2012进行,测试回路如图2所示。为了更有效地表征流经纤维与树脂、微球与树脂界面处的泄漏电流,在试样表面粘贴铜箔作为外表面屏蔽电极。试验过程中施加有效值为12 kV的工频交流电压,通过DM-3068型数字万用表记录电流值,精度为±0.1 μA,采样频率为20 Hz。
复合泡沫材料在释放固化反应热以及在高温环境下工作时过高的热膨胀可能导致材料开裂或脱层现象,从而出现失效破坏[14]。因此,复合泡沫材料的热膨胀率应尽可能接近支柱复合绝缘子外层材料的热膨胀率才能保证较长的使用寿命。图3为不同质量分数PBO纤维改性复合泡沫材料在40、60、80、100℃下的热膨胀率。
图3可以看出,4个温度下复合泡沫材料的热膨胀率均随PBO纤维含量的增加而下降。以100℃为例,相较于无PBO纤维的复合泡沫材料,PBO纤维质量分数为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%的复合泡沫材料热膨胀系数分别降低了8%、17%、20%及27%。复合泡沫材料的热膨胀性能主要取决于分子链段的运动以及分子链间的相互作用[15-16]。PBO纤维与分子链结合并依靠其自身较低的热膨胀系数(6×10-6-1)对复合泡沫材料起到机械束缚作用,从而限制复合泡沫材料的热变形[17]。因此PBO纤维能够较大程度地改善复合泡沫材料在各温度下的热膨胀现象。通常情况下支柱复合绝缘子的外层材料为玻璃纤维增强复合材料(FRP),热膨胀系数为6×10-6-1 [14],与复合泡沫材料的热膨胀系数接近,因此PBO纤维的添加能够降低复合泡沫材料潜在的热应力风险。
通过TGA分析不同质量分数PBO纤维对复合泡沫材料热降解行为的影响,结果如图4所示。由图4可知,随着PBO纤维含量的增加,复合泡沫材料在热降解过程中的残余质量提升。表1给出了不同含量PBO纤维复合泡沫材料5%失重温度(T5%)、最大失重率温度(Tmax)的变化情况。从表1可以看出,随着PBO纤维含量的增加,复合泡沫材料的T5%下降,而Tmax提升。由此可见,PBO纤维较低的热导率会导致复合泡沫材料在承受极端温度时,内部热量迅速累积,使得复合泡沫材料的初始热解温度降低。同时,PBO纤维的加入对环氧树脂的固化过程产生了影响。当热解温度进一步提升时,复合泡沫材料进一步分解,PBO纤维占比提升,其所含分子链的共轭芳杂环结构赋予所在区域较高的耐热性能,致使Tmax及残留率随着PBO纤维含量的增加而提升[18]
水分会通过渗透作用侵入复合泡沫材料加速材料的塑化和水解[19]。不同PBO纤维含量对复合泡沫材料吸水率的影响如图5所示。PBO纤维具有较多的疏水基团,纤维回潮率较低[20]。因此在分析吸水率时可近似认为纤维吸水率为0,多数水分通过扩散和毛细作用渗入复合泡沫材料的微观界面层,进而导致质量变化[21]。从图5可以看出,经过1 000 h的浸泡,随着PBO纤维含量的增加,复合泡沫材料的吸水率提高,这是由于随着PBO纤维含量的增加,在复合泡沫材料中引入了更多的界面,进而导致吸水率升高。尽管纤维含量增加致使材料的吸水率提升,但当PBO质量分数为0.8%时,复合泡沫材料的吸水率依然维持较低的水平,仅为0.361%。
芯体材料在固化成型过程中会释放大量的反应热,同时在实际运行过程中也需承受较高的环境温度,因此过低的热导率会导致热量在芯体内部积聚,诱发固化过程中的烧芯现象或加速芯体材料黄变[14]。因此有必要考察PBO纤维质量分数对复合泡沫热导率的影响,用以确定适合工艺生产的PBO纤维比例。图6为不同PBO纤维含量复合泡沫材料的热导率测试结果。从图6可以看出,随着PBO纤维含量的增加,复合泡沫材料的热导率呈现递减的趋势。相对于无纤维增强的复合泡沫材料(热导率为0.105 W/(m·K)),PBO纤维质量分数为0.2%的复合泡沫材料热导率降低最少,仅降低至0.100 W/(m·K)。而当纤维质量分数达到0.6%及0.8%时,复合泡沫材料的热导率相较于无纤维增强的材料分别下降了18.1%及27.6%。尽管PBO纤维属于轴向高热导率材料,但其径向热导率较低,并且在制备样品过程中,纤维的团聚以及界面间隙的引入导致材料内部未能构建良好的导热通路,因此无法发挥PBO纤维的高导热性[12]。在PBO纤维质量分数较低时,纤维近似于“海岛”结构分布于复合泡沫材料中,对材料的传热没有明显影响,当质量分数高于0.4%时,过多的纤维团聚将复合泡沫材料区域分割,热量无法在泡沫材料中快速传递,导致热导率下降明显[22]
芯体材料需具备一定程度的模量及强度以保证其在运行过程中抵抗长期静态载荷的能力。图7为不同PBO纤维含量的复合泡沫材料在拉伸弯曲破坏下的强度及模量。
图7可以看出,PBO纤维质量分数为0.2%的复合泡沫材料具备最高的抵抗拉伸、弯曲破坏的能力,其拉伸模量及弯曲模量分别达到431.0 MPa及872.0 MPa,超出无纤维增强的复合泡沫材料的拉伸模量及弯曲模量60.0%及34.0%;拉伸强度及弯曲强度达到了17.0 MPa及22.6 MPa,超出无纤维的复合泡沫材料的拉伸强度及弯曲强度55.0%及9.2%。当PBO纤维质量分数高于0.2%时,随着纤维含量的增加,除弯曲强度外复合泡沫材料的静态力学性能整体呈现出递减的趋势。由此可见,适量的PBO纤维能够在复合泡沫材料受力时起到阻碍微裂纹产生及发展的作用。而当纤维含量过高时,纤维的团聚及引入的过多界面均会导致复合泡沫内部出现应力集中,导致阻裂作用不明显[23]
落锤冲击试验可以有效反映复合泡沫材料的动态力学响应情况。表2为复合泡沫材料的落锤冲击试验结果。从表2可以看出,当纤维质量分数高于0.2%时,复合泡沫材料对于落锤的阻滞力明显升高,其中阻滞行程在纤维质量分数为0.4%达时到最大值,此时复合泡沫材料吸收冲击能量的能力最佳,随后逐步递减。
介质损耗是衡量绝缘材料优劣的参数之一,置于交流电场中的介质以热量的形式表现能量损耗,过高的发热量会造成材料的热老化甚至热击穿。图8为不同PBO纤维含量复合泡沫材料的介质损耗因数。从图8可以看出,各复合泡沫材料的介质损耗因数基本都保持在0.28%左右。由于PBO纤维自身具备较高的绝缘性能,因此其添加量的不同并不会对复合泡沫材料的介质损耗产生明显影响。
耐压特性能够直观展现材料的绝缘强度,本研究采用威布尔分布模型对不同PBO纤维含量复合泡沫材料的电气强度进行统计分析,结果如图9所示,相应的特征电气强度及形状参数β表3所示。从图9表3可以看出,随着PBO纤维含量的增加,复合泡沫材料的电气强度呈现明显的下降趋势。当PBO纤维质量分数从0增加到0.8%时,材料在63.2%击穿概率下的电气强度逐步下降,分别为31.23、30.53、30.27、29.81、28.92 kV/mm。造成这一现象的原因在于PBO纤维的引入致使存在气隙的界面总表面积增大,局部电场均匀程度下降[24]。同时,热导率的降低也提高了复合泡沫材料热击穿的概率。但PBO纤维增强复合泡沫材料依然具有超过20 kV/mm的电气强度,远高于传统的聚氨酯填充材料3~5 kV/mm的电气强度[25-26]
泄漏电流是衡量绝缘材料性能好坏的重要参数之一,是产品安全性能的主要指标。图10为PBO纤维含量对复合泡沫材料泄漏电流的影响。从图10可以看出,随着PBO纤维含量的增加,复合泡沫材料的泄漏电流呈现增大的趋势。当PBO纤维质量分数从0增加到0.2%时,材料的泄漏电流从29.91 μA增大到31.41 μA,增大了5.02%;当PBO纤维质量分数从0.2%增加至0.8%时,材料的泄漏电流有微弱增长,仅从31.41 μA增大至31.83 μA。造成泄漏电流增大的原因在于纤维含量的增加为复合泡沫材料增加了很多新的界面,实验过程中脱泡不完全、搅拌加热过程中融入空气等原因都会造成材料的泄漏电流增大。同时在切割打磨样品时,会不可避免地留下粗糙表面,从而增加对环境水分的吸收,而材料的潮湿同样会使泄漏电流提升,绝缘性能降低。
(1)不同温度下复合泡沫材料的热膨胀率均随PBO纤维含量的增加而下降。PBO纤维能够较大程度地改善复合泡沫材料的热膨胀性能,降低其潜在的热应力风险。
(2)加入PBO纤维后,复合泡沫材料的吸水率略有升高,但仍保持较低水准,满足实际应用要求。
(3)PBO纤维的加入对复合泡沫材料的力学性能提升较为明显,其中PBO纤维质量分数为0.2%的复合泡沫材料具备最高的拉伸、弯曲强度和模量,相对无纤维的复合泡沫材料的拉伸模量及弯曲模量提高了60.0%及34.0%,相对无纤维的复合泡沫材料的拉伸强度及弯曲强度提高了55.0%及9.2%,当PBO纤维质量分数为0.4%时,复合泡沫材料落锤冲击试验吸收的能量达到最高。
(4)PBO纤维的加入使复合泡沫材料的绝缘性能呈现一定程度的下降,随着纤维含量的增加,复合泡沫材料的击穿性能下降明显,介电性能保持良好,泄漏电流有微弱提升。
综上,使用PBO纤维作为复合泡沫材料的增强材料,能够一定程度上改善复合泡沫材料的力学性能和热性能,当PBO纤维质量分数为0.2%时,复合泡沫材料的综合性能最佳,有望作为绝缘芯体材料得到广泛应用。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52207023)
  • 中央高校面上科研项目(2022MS075)
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文章信息
doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.09.008
  • 接收时间:2022-11-08
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2023-09-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-08
  • 修回日期:2023-02-23
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52207023)
中央高校面上科研项目(2022MS075)
作者信息
    1华北电力大学 河北省绿色高效电工新材料与设备重点实验室,河北 保定,071003
    2中国电力科学研究院有限公司,北京 100192
    3襄阳国网合成绝缘子有限责任公司,湖北 襄阳 410000

通讯作者:

麻云帆(1999-),女(汉族),浙江丽水人,硕士生,研究方向为高压绝缘材料。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.09.008
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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