Article(id=1198667063419040170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198667059954545009, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.04.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1649260800000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-07, revisedDate=1653321600000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763714098075, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1681920000000, pubDateStr=2023-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763714098075, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763714098075, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763714098075, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198667059954545009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2023', volume='56', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763714097249, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563529326, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210618444354023975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198667059954545009, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210618444354023976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198667059954545009, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=106, endPage=112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198667063691669939, articleId=1198667063419040170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Application of XDK adsorbent in electric power insulation oil, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to effectively adsorb the corrosive sulfur in transformer oil, XDK was used as adsorption material, and dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS) was used as the experimental object. The test oil was prepared by adding DBDS to new transformer oil. The removal effect of XDK on DBDS in test oil was studied under different adsorption conditions and regeneration conditions. The structure of XDK was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG), and specific surface area analyzers (BET). The results show that the optimal regeneration temperature of XDK is 600℃, and the regeneration XDK still has good adsorption effect after four times. When the XDK mass fraction is 10%, the adsorption times are two times, the adsorption temperature is 10℃, and the adsorption times is 2 h, the DBDS removal rate reaches 96.9%, the dielectric constant, breakdown voltage, and volume resistivity of the insulating oil after treated increases by 0.31%, 5.3 kV, and 0.23 Ω·m, respectively, and the dielectric loss factor decreases by 0.21%.

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为了有效吸附变压器油中的腐蚀性硫,以XDK为吸附剂,二苄基二硫(DBDS)为实验目标物,向新变压器油中添加DBDS制备实验油,在不同吸附条件和再生条件下研究XDK对实验油中DBDS的脱除效果,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)和比表面积测试仪(BET)对XDK的结构进行表征。结果表明:XDK的最佳再生温度为600℃,再生4次后的XDK依然具有良好的吸附效果。当XDK质量分数为10%、吸附次数为2次、吸附温度为10℃、吸附时间为2 h时,绝缘油中DBDS的脱除率达到96.9%,且处理后绝缘油的介电常数、击穿电压、体积电阻率分别提高了0.31、5.3 kV、0.23 Ω·m,介质损耗因数则降低了0.21%。

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谷战垒(1983-),男(汉族),河南杞县人,工程师,主要从事智能电网、仪器仪表关键技术的工作。
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杨雷(1979-),女(汉族),河南民权人,高级工程师,主要从事营销服务、计量检定、用电信息采集、降损反窃技术的工作。

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杨雷(1979-),女(汉族),河南民权人,高级工程师,主要从事营销服务、计量检定、用电信息采集、降损反窃技术的工作。

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杨雷(1979-),女(汉族),河南民权人,高级工程师,主要从事营销服务、计量检定、用电信息采集、降损反窃技术的工作。

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pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=张绮, 张昱, 王会娟, journalName=润滑油, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张绮,张昱,王会娟,等.国内外变压器油标准的发展[J].润滑油,2021,36(2):46-54., articleTitle=国内外变压器油标准的发展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211239324088136464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667063419040170, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=13, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=张燕, journalName=石油商技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张燕.浅析国内外变压器油市场需求[J].石油商技,2019,37(1):13-18., articleTitle=浅析国内外变压器油市场需求, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211239324146856721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667063419040170, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=5, pageStart=605, pageEnd=609, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=章文俊, 赵启承, 童力, journalName=电力与能源, refType=null, 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参数再生前再生1次再生2次再生3次再生4次
比表面积/(m2/g)204.37196.45185.42182.33179.04
孔体积/(cm3/g)0.820.830.830.800.77
平均孔径/nm15.9517.4518.0417.3617.13
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XDK的结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数再生前再生1次再生2次再生3次再生4次
比表面积/(m2/g)204.37196.45185.42182.33179.04
孔体积/(cm3/g)0.820.830.830.800.77
平均孔径/nm15.9517.4518.0417.3617.13
), ArticleFig(id=1211239323349938948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667063419040170, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Element content on the surface of copper sheet after corrosion test, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素原铜片新油-铜片DBDS-铜片XDK-铜片再生4次-铜片
Cu10098.2893.3497.1897.14
S004.670.221.49
C01.721.992.601.37
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腐蚀实验后铜片表面上的元素含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素原铜片新油-铜片DBDS-铜片XDK-铜片再生4次-铜片
Cu10098.2893.3497.1897.14
S004.670.221.49
C01.721.992.601.37
), ArticleFig(id=1211239323488350984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667063419040170, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Electrical performance of transformer oil before and after treatment, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能新油实验油吸附后油
介电常数(90℃)2.23±0.121.89±0.232.20±0.17
击穿电压/kV34.8±0.9131.20±1.6036.50±1.40
体积电阻率/(Ω·m)1.62±0.141.35±0.161.58±0.23
介质损耗因数(90℃)/%0.56±0.080.68±0.110.47±0.09
), ArticleFig(id=1211239323568042762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667063419040170, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

处理前、后变压器油的电气性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能新油实验油吸附后油
介电常数(90℃)2.23±0.121.89±0.232.20±0.17
击穿电压/kV34.8±0.9131.20±1.6036.50±1.40
体积电阻率/(Ω·m)1.62±0.141.35±0.161.58±0.23
介质损耗因数(90℃)/%0.56±0.080.68±0.110.47±0.09
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XDK吸附剂在电力绝缘油中的应用
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杨雷 1 , 谷战垒 2 , 王军 2 , 冯志强 3 , 张涛 4
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2023,56(4): 106-112
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2023, 56(4): 106-112
XDK吸附剂在电力绝缘油中的应用
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杨雷1, 谷战垒2, 王军2, 冯志强3, 张涛4
作者信息
  • 1国网河南省电力公司 营销服务中心,河南 郑州 450018
  • 2河南许继仪表有限公司, 河南 许昌 461000
  • 3广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院,广东 广州 510030
  • 4华南理工大学 化学与化工学院,广东 广州 510630
  • 杨雷(1979-),女(汉族),河南民权人,高级工程师,主要从事营销服务、计量检定、用电信息采集、降损反窃技术的工作。

通讯作者:

谷战垒(1983-),男(汉族),河南杞县人,工程师,主要从事智能电网、仪器仪表关键技术的工作。
Application of XDK adsorbent in electric power insulation oil
Lei YANG1, Zhanlei GU2, Jun WANG2, Zhiqiang FENG3, Tao ZHANG4
Affiliations
  • 1Marketing Service Center of State Grid Henan Electric Power Company, Zhengzhou 450018, China
  • 2Henan XuJi Metering Co., Ltd., Xuchang 461000, China
  • 3Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510030, China
  • 4School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510630, China
出版时间: 2023-04-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.04.017
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为了有效吸附变压器油中的腐蚀性硫,以XDK为吸附剂,二苄基二硫(DBDS)为实验目标物,向新变压器油中添加DBDS制备实验油,在不同吸附条件和再生条件下研究XDK对实验油中DBDS的脱除效果,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)和比表面积测试仪(BET)对XDK的结构进行表征。结果表明:XDK的最佳再生温度为600℃,再生4次后的XDK依然具有良好的吸附效果。当XDK质量分数为10%、吸附次数为2次、吸附温度为10℃、吸附时间为2 h时,绝缘油中DBDS的脱除率达到96.9%,且处理后绝缘油的介电常数、击穿电压、体积电阻率分别提高了0.31、5.3 kV、0.23 Ω·m,介质损耗因数则降低了0.21%。

XDK  /  变压器油  /  二苄基二硫  /  吸附

In order to effectively adsorb the corrosive sulfur in transformer oil, XDK was used as adsorption material, and dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS) was used as the experimental object. The test oil was prepared by adding DBDS to new transformer oil. The removal effect of XDK on DBDS in test oil was studied under different adsorption conditions and regeneration conditions. The structure of XDK was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG), and specific surface area analyzers (BET). The results show that the optimal regeneration temperature of XDK is 600℃, and the regeneration XDK still has good adsorption effect after four times. When the XDK mass fraction is 10%, the adsorption times are two times, the adsorption temperature is 10℃, and the adsorption times is 2 h, the DBDS removal rate reaches 96.9%, the dielectric constant, breakdown voltage, and volume resistivity of the insulating oil after treated increases by 0.31%, 5.3 kV, and 0.23 Ω·m, respectively, and the dielectric loss factor decreases by 0.21%.

XDK  /  transformer oil  /  dibenzyl disulfide  /  adsorption
杨雷, 谷战垒, 王军, 冯志强, 张涛. XDK吸附剂在电力绝缘油中的应用. 绝缘材料, 2023 , 56 (4) : 106 -112 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.04.017
Lei YANG, Zhanlei GU, Jun WANG, Zhiqiang FENG, Tao ZHANG. Application of XDK adsorbent in electric power insulation oil[J]. Insulating Materials, 2023 , 56 (4) : 106 -112 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.04.017
随着我国全面现代化的高速推进,电网建设也不断加快,变压器数量大幅增加,而变压器油(绝缘油)作为变压器中重要的冷却、绝缘媒介,它的稳定性和安全性是保障电力设备可靠运行的关键因素[1]。变压器油主要有植物型和矿物型两大类,其中矿物型变压器油具有优良的电气性能、理化性能以及较低的成本而被广泛应用[2-3]。变压器油在长期运行后,会发生氧化、腐蚀等有害反应,从而引发电力故障[4-6]。其中,腐蚀性硫是影响变压器油质量的一个重要因素,腐蚀性硫不仅会造成变压器内部关键部件(铜带和绕组)的腐蚀,还会破坏绝缘纸的绝缘特性[7-8]。据不完全统计,由于腐蚀性硫导致的变压器故障已经高达数百起,然而变压器油中的硫化合物并不是单一的,目前公认的腐蚀性硫主要有单质硫、硫醇、二硫化物以及硫醚等,其中最具有代表性的腐蚀性硫化物是二苄基二硫(DBDS),其在一定条件下会与铜带等零部件发生化学反应生成硫化亚铜,并沉积在绝缘纸表面,导致绝缘纸的绝缘性能降低并破坏变压器内部电场的分布,从而引发电力故障[9-11]
研究表明,通过添加金属钝化剂可以防止铜部件与腐蚀性硫发生反应,但是随着变压器长时间运行,金属钝化剂会被破坏和消耗,因此并不能从根本上解决腐蚀性硫带来的问题[12-13]。另外还可以通过物理吸附或化学反应来移除变压器油中的腐蚀性硫,如分子筛、活性炭、甲醇、丙酮等,但这些方法要么是吸附效果不佳,要么是成本高、操作繁琐等[14-16]
XDK是由湖北省孝感市供电公司开发的一种工业化的变压器油再生吸附剂,具有良好的降介损、降酸值、脱色等能力,已被国内众多变电站、电厂、换流站用于变压器油的现场再生吸附[17]。然而,目前关于XDK在变压器油中吸附腐蚀性硫的研究报道尚不多见,也未见关于其循环再生利用的研究报道。本文以XDK为吸附剂,研究其对变压器油中DBDS的脱除效果,探讨XDK的使用量、吸附温度、吸附时间以及再生条件对变压器油脱硫效果的影响,以期为劣化变压器油的再生利用提供一定的技术支持。
XDK吸附剂(主要成分为硫酸铝、硅酸钠等,堆密度约为550 kg/m3,粒径为1~3 mm),国网孝感供电公司;二苄基二硫(DBDS),上海阿拉丁科技有限公司;新变压器油(不含腐蚀性硫,总硫质量分数为10 μg/g),东莞市洛生润滑油有限公司。
将适量的DBDS加入到新变压器油中,制得DBDS质量分数为745.5 μg/g的实验变压器油,其中总硫质量分数为204 μg/g、总腐蚀性硫质量分数为194 μg/g。
将配制好的适量变压器油倒入吸附罐中,接着向吸附罐中加入适量的XDK吸附剂,在一定条件下动态吸附一段时间,冷却后,用注射器取适量油样并通过厚度为0.22 μm的滤膜过滤,再用X射线荧光光谱仪测定其总硫含量,然后根据式(1)将总硫含量转换成DBDS的质量分数。
CDBDS=246.3964.12×C-C0
式(1)中:C为油中总硫的质量分数,μg/g;C0为新油中硫的初始质量分数,μg/g。
将吸附后的XDK进行过滤,滤干其表面的绝缘油,然后将其浸泡在少量的石油醚中,以脱除吸附在XDK表面的绝缘油和有害杂质,继续过滤,待滤干后再将其置于马弗炉中,在一定温度下进行煅烧再生,即可得到再生后的XDK吸附剂。
变压器油中的含硫总量参照文献[14]使用布鲁克公司生产的S8 Tiger型X射线荧光光谱仪测定;变压器油的腐蚀性实验依照ASTMD 1275-2003(B)标准使用铜片腐蚀法进行;变压器油中的介电常数、体积电阻率、介质损耗因数和击穿电压等电气性能依照GB/T 5654—2007、GB/T 507—2002进行测定;腐蚀性实验前、后铜片和XDK的相关结构和性能分别采用日本电子株式会社生产的JCM-7000型扫描电镜(SEM)、德国耐驰公司生产的STA449F3型热重分析仪(TGA)和北京贝士德仪器公司生产的3H-2000PS2型氮气吸附脱附仪(BET)进行分析。
在XDK质量分数为10%、处理时间为4 h的条件下,研究处理温度对实验油脱硫效果的影响,结果见图1
图1可以看出,处理温度为10℃(室温)时,XDK对实验油中腐蚀性硫的脱除效果最好,脱除率达到了83.5%,这可能是由于XDK吸附剂具有优异的孔隙结构,使得DBDS能够与之充分接触,而XDK分子结构中的氧原子带有大量的弱电荷,可以与带有弱正电荷的极性DBDS分子物质进行静电吸附;其次XDK分子中的配位水分子可以与DBDS等胶团物质之间形成范德华作用力;此外XDK分子中的Si-OH基团、Al-OH基团也可以与DBDS形成一定的螯合作用,从而达到较好的脱硫效果[18]。处理温度越高,XDK对实验油中腐蚀性硫的脱除效果越差。这可能是因为XDK对DBDS的吸附过程主要是物理吸附,而温度升高会使已经被吸附、螯合的DBDS分子逐渐与吸附剂发生解吸,从而降低脱硫效果。
在处理温度为10℃、处理时间为4 h的条件下,研究XDK添加量和吸附次数对实验油脱硫效果的影响,结果见图2
图2可以看出,第1次吸附时,随着XDK添加量的增加,实验油中的DBDS含量逐渐降低,这是由于增加吸附剂用量,可以提供更多的活性位点和接触面积,增大了吸附剂对DBDS的捕获概率;当XDK质量分数为14%时,油中的DBDS的质量分数降到115.3 μg/g左右,脱除率达到了84.5%。第2次吸附时,XDK的质量分数在10%左右时就可以将油中DBDS的含量降到23.1 μg/g左右,此时脱除率达到了96.9%,而10%以上的添加量对脱硫效果的影响不大,反而会增大脱硫处理的成本,因此在本实验中宜选择10%的添加量进行后续研究。在实际应用中,XDK的添加量和吸附次数可根据油样中腐蚀性硫的含量进行适当的调整。
在XDK质量分数为10%、处理温度为10℃的条件下,研究处理时间对实验油脱硫效果的影响,结果见图3。从图3中可以看出,处理时间在1 h之前,变压器油的脱硫速率很快,1 h之后脱硫速率逐渐变慢;处理时间为2 h时,油中DBDS的质量分数降至126.8 μg/g,脱除率达到了83.0%;处理时间在2 h之后,XDK的脱硫效果变化不大。这主要是因为随着处理时间的延长,未参加反应的DBDS和XDK越来越少,反应难以进行。在处理时间为2 h时,实验油中的DBDS含量降到最低水平,此时反应达到平衡,因此选择处理时间为2 h进行后续研究。
在XDK质量分数为10%、处理温度为10℃、吸附时间和再生时间都为2 h的条件下,研究XDK的再生温度对实验油脱硫效果的影响,结果见图4。从图4中可看出,随着再生温度的升高,XDK对DBDS的脱除率表现出先增加后基本保持不变的趋势。当再生温度从400℃升高到600℃时,XDK吸附剂的脱硫率从57.3%提高到80.7%,这可能是因为较高的温度有助于吸附在XDK内部的有机物质热解[19];然而当再生温度进一步升高时,XDK的脱硫率几乎没有发生变化,这表明600℃已经能够有效地去除吸附在XDK内部的有机物质。因此,从节能环保的角度出发,XDK的再生温度选择为600℃为宜。
在XDK质量分数为10%、处理温度为10℃、吸附时间和再生时间都为2 h、再生温度为600℃的条件下,研究XDK的再生次数对实验油脱硫效果的影响,结果见图5。从图5中可看出,随着XDK再生次数的增加,XDK对实验油的吸附效果逐渐降低。再生1次的XDK对实验油的吸附效果与新的XDK相差不大;当XDK再生4次后,XDK对实验油中DBDS的脱除率仍可达到61.3%。XDK的煅烧再生可以将XDK吸附油中的大部分杂质烧掉,但仍会有部分杂质残留在XDK中,因此前几次再生可以保持XDK较强的吸附能力,随着再生次数增多,XDK中难以除去的杂质增多,从而使其吸附效果逐渐减弱,建议根据吸附效果的需要合理的选择XDK的再生次数。
图6为XDK吸附剂的热重曲线。从图6中可知,XDK在整个加热过程中只在250℃以内出现了1个失重阶段,且失重率仅为10%左右,这可能是因为残留在XDK中的自由水和少量的沸石水挥发所致。当温度超过300℃时,XDK没有出现明显的失重信号峰,这表明XDK在900℃以内具有良好的热稳定性,在高温下不会发生热分解,因此可以通过高温煅烧进行再生利用。
XDK的N2吸附-脱附等温线如图7所示。从图7可以看出,所有样品都表现出典型的Ⅳ型等温线并具有明显的滞后环,表明样品中含有大量的介孔结构。采用BJH计算样品的孔径分布图,结果如图7中的插图所示。从插图中发现所有样品的孔径主要为介孔,也具有一定的大孔,表明XDK是一种具有多级孔结构的吸附材料,间接地印证了其具有良好的吸附能力。表1列出了所有样品的结构参数。从表1可以看出,再生前的XDK具有最大的比表面积和最小的平均孔径,分别为204.37 m2/g和15.95nm。随着再生次数的增加,XDK的比表面积逐渐减小,而平均孔径则呈现出不同程度的增大。其中中比表面积的减小可能是由于变压器油中耐高温的杂质(如金属杂质、无机颗粒杂质等)吸附在XDK中导致的;而平均孔径的增大则可能是由于在高温再生过程中,XDK的晶体结构发生了部分的破坏(如晶体中沸石水的分解)等造成的。当再生4次后,XDK的比表面积、孔体积和平均孔径分别达到179.04 m2/g、0.77 cm3/g和17.13 nm,这表明此时的XDK依然具有较为发达的孔隙结构。
采用扫描电镜观察XDK的微观结构特征,结果如图8所示。由图8(a)可以看出,吸附前XDK表面凹凸不平,且具有一定的孔道结构。由图8(b)可以看出,吸附后XDK的表面被一层物质覆盖,变得光滑平整,这层物质可能是被XDK吸附的有机物、杂质或少许油类物质。由图8(c)可以看出,再生1次的XDK表面微观结构与吸附前XDK表面的微观结构相比变化不大。由图8(d)可以看出,再生4次的XDK表面的微观结构与吸附前XDK表面的微观结构相比,表面有一层颗粒状的物质覆盖,这层物质可能是吸附油中杂质后造成的,也可能是经过多次煅烧再生后造成的结构破坏。
在XDK质量分数为10%、处理温度为10℃、吸附时间2 h的条件下,对实验油处理后进行铜片腐蚀性实验,铜片外观见图9,铜片表面的SEM照片见图10。由图9图10可以看出,对XDK处理前的实验油进行铜片腐蚀实验后(简称为DBDS-铜片),铜片表面变得粗糙、无金属光泽、腐蚀严重,表面颜色变为黑色,达到了4c程度的腐蚀[17]。在500倍的观察下,可以看出铜片表面生成了大量的黑色颗粒物质,这些物质经研究确认为Cu2S[20],表明变压器油中腐蚀性硫的存在会对变压器设备中的铜导体造成一定的腐蚀。采用经XDK处理后的实验油进行铜片腐蚀实验后(简称为XDK-铜片),与原铜片和新变压器油中腐蚀实验后的铜片(新油-铜片)相比,XDK-铜片边缘处有轻微的腐蚀,这说明在1次吸附的条件下实验油中的腐蚀性硫含量已降低到较低水平。而采用经再生4次的XDK处理后的实验油进行铜片腐蚀试验后(简称为再生4次-铜片),铜片表面具有一定的腐蚀,达到了3a程度的腐蚀,表明XDK随着再生次数的增加,其再生效果会逐渐减弱,但依然对变压器油中的腐蚀性硫具有一定的脱除效果。
对铜片表面元素含量的变化进行EDX能谱分析,结果见表2。由表2可以看出,原铜片表面上的元素为100%的Cu;新油-铜片表面上的元素质量分布为98.28%的Cu和1.72%的C;DBDS-铜片表面上元素Cu、S和C的质量分数分别为93.34%、4.67%、1.99%;XDK-铜片表面上元素Cu、S和C的质量分数分别为97.18%、0.22%、2.60%;再生4次-铜片表面上元素Cu、S和C的质量分数分别为97.14%、1.49%、1.37%,其中S元素主要来源于实验油中的DBDS,C元素主要来自油中的烃类物质,这说明通过XDK的吸附能够明显地降低硫腐蚀反应的发生概率。
在最佳的吸附条件下(XDK质量分数为10%、吸附次数为2次、处理温度为10℃、处理时间为 2 h),对XDK处理前、后的实验油进行电气性能评价,结果见表3。由表3可以看出,经XDK处理后,实验油的介电常数、击穿电压、体积电阻率相对于处理前分别提高了0.31%、5.3 kV、0.23 Ω·m,而介质损耗因数则降低了0.21%,这表明XDK不仅能够有效地脱除油中的腐蚀性硫,同时也可以有效降低介损,提高变压器油的绝缘性能。
以腐蚀性硫DBDS为目标化合物,对实验变压器油进行脱硫研究,研究了XDK在不同吸附条件及再生条件下对实验油中腐蚀性硫的脱除效果。通过600℃的高温煅烧可以有效实现XDK的再生利用。当XDK质量分数为10%、处理温度为10℃、处理时间2 h和吸附次数为2次时,XDK对DBDS的脱除率达到了96.9%,且处理后绝缘油的介电常数、击穿电压、体积电阻率分别提高了0.31、5.3 kV、0.23 Ω·m,介质损耗因数则降低了0.21%。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51507129)
  • 许继集团科技项目(529213210003)
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2023年第56卷第4期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.04.017
  • 接收时间:2022-04-07
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-07
  • 修回日期:2022-05-24
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51507129)
许继集团科技项目(529213210003)
作者信息
    1国网河南省电力公司 营销服务中心,河南 郑州 450018
    2河南许继仪表有限公司, 河南 许昌 461000
    3广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院,广东 广州 510030
    4华南理工大学 化学与化工学院,广东 广州 510630

通讯作者:

谷战垒(1983-),男(汉族),河南杞县人,工程师,主要从事智能电网、仪器仪表关键技术的工作。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.04.017
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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