Article(id=1193556932607833016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1193556932167431095, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.04.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1717430400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-04, revisedDate=1720368000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762495747948, onlineDateStr=2025-11-07, pubDate=1745078400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762495747948, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762495747948, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762495747948, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193556932167431095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2025', volume='58', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762495747843, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762498255746, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1193567451108573868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1193556932167431095, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1193567451112768173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1193556932167431095, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=134, endPage=144, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193556932825936827, articleId=1193556932607833016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Influence of different crimping processes on temperature rise characteristics of aluminum alloy cable joints, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The cable joint is the weakest link in the cable line, and the contact resistance between the conductor and the connecting pipe at the aluminum alloy conductor cable joint is the key factor affecting the temperature distribution and failure rate of the cable joint. In order to study the influence of different crimping processes on the temperature distribution characteristics of cable joints, a 35 kV aluminum alloy conductor was used as the research object, and the contact resistance between conductor samples with different crimping percentages and connecting tubes were measured through the contact resistance measurement circuit. The quantitative relationshipes between contact resistance and crimping percentage under two crimping processes of pit pressure and confining pressure were obtained. The electro-thermal coupling model of a cable joint with conductor cross-sectional area of 400 mm2 was established by COMSOL finite element simulation software, and the corresponding relationship between contact resistance and temperature distribution characteristics of cable joint under different crimping processes was studied. The results show that the contact resistance increases with the increase of the crimping percentage. Under the premise of ensuring that the maximum temperature of the long-term operation of the cable does not exceed 90℃ and meeting the mechanical performance requirements, the crimping percentage under the pit pressing process should be controlled at 27.86%-35.44%, and the crimping percentage under the confining pressure process should be controlled at 16.01%-22.21%. The temperature rise curves of the two crimping processes have the same change trend. The highest temperature of the cable core appears at the position of the connecting pipe, and gradually decreases along the axial direction. The temperature of the outer surface of the joint shows a downward trend as a whole, but the temperature of the connecting pipe increases in a small range due to the existence of contact resistance.

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电缆接头是电缆线路中最薄弱的环节,而铝合金导体电缆接头处导体与连接管之间的接触电阻是影响电缆接头温度分布及故障率的关键因素。为了研究不同压接工艺对电缆接头温度分布特性的影响,本文以35 kV铝合金电缆导体为研究对象,通过接触电阻测量回路对不同压接百分比导体试样与连接管之间的接触电阻进行测量,得出坑压和围压两种压接工艺下接触电阻与压接百分比之间的定量关系。通过COMSOL有限元仿真软件建立导体横截面积为400 mm2的电缆接头的电-热耦合模型,研究不同压接工艺下接触电阻与电缆接头温度分布特性的对应关系。结果表明:发现接触电阻随压接百分比的增大而增大,在保证电缆长期运行最高温度不超过90℃以及满足力学性能要求的前提下,坑压工艺下压接百分比应控制在27.86%~35.44%,围压工艺下压接百分比应控制在16.01%~22.21%。两种压接工艺的温升曲线变化趋势一致,缆芯部分最高温度出现在连接管位置,并沿轴向逐渐递减;接头外表面温度整体呈现下降趋势,但在连接管部分由于有接触电阻的存在,该部位温度出现了小范围的升高。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李欢(1988-),男(汉族),陕西汉中人,教授,博士,主要从事电气设备绝缘结构设计的研究。
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刘时珍(2000-),女(汉族),陕西西安人,硕士生,主要从事电气设备绝缘结构设计的研究。

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刘时珍(2000-),女(汉族),陕西西安人,硕士生,主要从事电气设备绝缘结构设计的研究。

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刘时珍(2000-),女(汉族),陕西西安人,硕士生,主要从事电气设备绝缘结构设计的研究。

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High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3354-3560., articleTitle=Investigation on the mathematical model of dynamic contact resistance of pantograph-catenary system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195072531276243230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=59, issue=9, pageStart=268, pageEnd=275,285, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=71, authorNames=陶贻青, 舒胜文, 董懿飞, journalName=高压电器, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陶贻青,舒胜文,董懿飞,等.基于多物理场的防爆盒对10 kV三芯电缆中间接头温升影响研究[J].高压电器,2023,59(9):268-275,285., articleTitle=基于多物理场的防爆盒对10 kV三芯电缆中间接头温升影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195072531334963487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=59, issue=9, pageStart=268, pageEnd=275,285, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=72, authorNames=TAO Y Q, SHU S W, DONG Y F, journalName=High Voltage Electrical Apparatus, refType=null, unstructuredReference= TAO Y Q, SHU S W, DONG Y F, et al. Study on the influence of explosion-proof box on temperature rise of middle joint of 10 kV three-core cable based on multi-physical field[J].High Voltage Electrical Apparatus,2023,59(9):268-275,285., articleTitle=Study on the influence of explosion-proof box on temperature rise of middle joint of 10 kV three-core cable based on multi-physical field, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195072531402072352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=73, authorNames=刘欣蕊, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘欣蕊.铝合金电缆导体材料研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2022., articleTitle=铝合金电缆导体材料研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195072531502735649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=74, authorNames=LIU X R, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LIU X R. Research on aluminum alloy cable conductor materials[D].Beijing: North China Electric Power University,2022., articleTitle=Research on aluminum alloy cable conductor materials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195072531603398946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=34, issue=9, pageStart=2933, pageEnd=2942, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=75, authorNames=刘文权, 扈启晟, 孙炜林, journalName=中国有色金属学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘文权,扈启晟,孙炜林.基于拟流动角点理论的铝合金板成形仿真方法[J].中国有色金属学报,2024,34(9):2933-2942., articleTitle=基于拟流动角点理论的铝合金板成形仿真方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195072531704062243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=34, issue=9, pageStart=2933, pageEnd=2942, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=76, authorNames=LIU W Q, HU Q S, SUN W L, journalName=Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LIU W Q, HU Q S, SUN W L. Simulation method for aluminum alloy sheet metal forming based on quasi-flow corner theory[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2024,34(9):2933-2942., articleTitle=Simulation method for aluminum alloy sheet metal forming based on quasi-flow corner theory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195072531771171108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=77, authorNames=周冬冬, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周冬冬.10 kV三芯交流电缆系统直流化改造热-电耦合仿真研究[D].成都:四川大学,2021., articleTitle=10 kV三芯交流电缆系统直流化改造热-电耦合仿真研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195072531863445797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=78, authorNames=ZHOU D D, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHOU D D.Thermal-electric coupling simulation research on DC transformation of 10 kV AC three core cable system[D].Chengdu: Sichuan University,2021., articleTitle=Thermal-electric coupling simulation research on DC transformation of 10 kV AC three core cable system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195072531934748966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=79, authorNames=程鹏, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程鹏.电缆接头内部缺陷下的电磁-热-力特性及表征方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016., articleTitle=电缆接头内部缺陷下的电磁-热-力特性及表征方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195072532010246439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=80, authorNames=CHENG P, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CHENG P. Electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical characteristics and characterization method research on cable joint under internal defects[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University,2016., articleTitle=Electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical characteristics and characterization method research on cable joint under internal defects, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1195072526255661268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, awardId=2023-JC-ZD-34, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省科技厅自然科学重点项目(2023-JC-ZD-34), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1195072526326964437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, awardId=22JK0322, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省教育厅专项基金资助项目(22JK0322), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1195072526381490390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, awardId=SLGYCX2403, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西理工大学研究生创新基金资助项目(SLGYCX2403), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195072521486737545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Temperature distribution of cable joint under pit pressure process, figureFileSmall=dqAlq6Urf9vfLV2eaHCh6Q==, figureFileBig=brIP7KqHvu0sa5DceoYgeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195072525035118789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, language=CN, label=图13, caption=坑压工艺下电缆接头温度分布图, figureFileSmall=dqAlq6Urf9vfLV2eaHCh6Q==, figureFileBig=brIP7KqHvu0sa5DceoYgeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195072525102227654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Temperature distribution of cable joint under confining pressure process, figureFileSmall=fnS58FkVia1UZZQwhxEtIA==, figureFileBig=kRBNfb3G4eFxsSCVcOrC2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195072525165142215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, 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sample parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 h 1/mm h 1/mm d/mm r 1 /%
1 2 3 4 5 6
a1 10.0 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.0 10.0 10.07 37 27.22
a2 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.4 10.3 10.45 28.24
a3 11.2 11.2 11.1 11.2 11.0 11.3 11.17 30.19
a4 11.4 11.5 11.5 11.6 11.4 11.5 11.48 31.03
a5 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.15 32.84
a6 12.3 12.5 12.8 12.4 12.7 12.8 12.58 34.00
a7 13.4 13.5 13.2 13.0 13.3 13.2 13.27 35.86
), ArticleFig(id=1195072525513269451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

坑压试样参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 h 1/mm h 1/mm d/mm r 1 /%
1 2 3 4 5 6
a1 10.0 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.0 10.0 10.07 37 27.22
a2 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.4 10.3 10.45 28.24
a3 11.2 11.2 11.1 11.2 11.0 11.3 11.17 30.19
a4 11.4 11.5 11.5 11.6 11.4 11.5 11.48 31.03
a5 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.15 32.84
a6 12.3 12.5 12.8 12.4 12.7 12.8 12.58 34.00
a7 13.4 13.5 13.2 13.0 13.3 13.2 13.27 35.86
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编号 2h 2/mm 2h 2/mm d/mm r 2/%
1 2 3 4 5 6
b1 6.1 6.1 6.2 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.05 37 16.35
b2 6.6 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.53 17.65
b3 7.1 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.00 18.92
b4 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.60 20.54
b5 8.0 8.1 8.2 7.8 7.8 8.0 7.98 21.57
b6 8.4 8.5 8.7 8.6 8.4 8.3 8.48 22.92
b7 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.0 9.0 8.9 9.00 24.32
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围压试样参数

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编号 2h 2/mm 2h 2/mm d/mm r 2/%
1 2 3 4 5 6
b1 6.1 6.1 6.2 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.05 37 16.35
b2 6.6 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.53 17.65
b3 7.1 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.00 18.92
b4 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.60 20.54
b5 8.0 8.1 8.2 7.8 7.8 8.0 7.98 21.57
b6 8.4 8.5 8.7 8.6 8.4 8.3 8.48 22.92
b7 9.0 9.0 9.1 9.0 9.0 8.9 9.00 24.32
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结构 电导率S/m 相对介电常数 恒压热容/(kg·K) 导热系数/(W/(m·K)) 密度/(kg/m3)
铝合金导体 3.754×107 1 900 238 2 700
半导体复合物 10 100 2 405 10 1 055
交联聚乙烯 1.00×10-14 3 2 300 0.35 1 200
高压屏蔽 10 100 1 150 0.25 1 150
外护套 1.00×10-15 2.36 800 0.17 1 390
应力锥 6 100 1 300 0.142 9 800
接地网 1.00×104 6.00×107 386 160 8 890
金属护套 3.77×107 1.00×104 880 212.76 2 700
硅橡胶主绝缘 1.00×10-15 3.3 1 950 0.27 1 275
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电缆接头材料参数

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结构 电导率S/m 相对介电常数 恒压热容/(kg·K) 导热系数/(W/(m·K)) 密度/(kg/m3)
铝合金导体 3.754×107 1 900 238 2 700
半导体复合物 10 100 2 405 10 1 055
交联聚乙烯 1.00×10-14 3 2 300 0.35 1 200
高压屏蔽 10 100 1 150 0.25 1 150
外护套 1.00×10-15 2.36 800 0.17 1 390
应力锥 6 100 1 300 0.142 9 800
接地网 1.00×104 6.00×107 386 160 8 890
金属护套 3.77×107 1.00×104 880 212.76 2 700
硅橡胶主绝缘 1.00×10-15 3.3 1 950 0.27 1 275
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编号 r 1/% R/µΩ R/µΩ
1 2 3 4 5 6
a1 27.22 26.58 26.50 26.65 26.66 26.59 26.51 26.58
a2 28.24 26.79 26.78 26.70 26.85 26.79 26.84 26.79
a3 30.19 28.23 28.28 28.36 28.77 28.25 27.59 28.25
a4 31.03 28.98 30.05 29.23 29.11 29.20 29.13 29.28
a5 32.84 31.86 32.01 32.11 32.57 33.03 31.10 32.11
a6 34.00 34.51 34.74 35.53 33.91 33.91 34.54 34.52
a7 35.86 37.64 38.21 38.66 36.65 37.02 37.72 37.65
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坑压试样接触电阻

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编号 r 1/% R/µΩ R/µΩ
1 2 3 4 5 6
a1 27.22 26.58 26.50 26.65 26.66 26.59 26.51 26.58
a2 28.24 26.79 26.78 26.70 26.85 26.79 26.84 26.79
a3 30.19 28.23 28.28 28.36 28.77 28.25 27.59 28.25
a4 31.03 28.98 30.05 29.23 29.11 29.20 29.13 29.28
a5 32.84 31.86 32.01 32.11 32.57 33.03 31.10 32.11
a6 34.00 34.51 34.74 35.53 33.91 33.91 34.54 34.52
a7 35.86 37.64 38.21 38.66 36.65 37.02 37.72 37.65
), ArticleFig(id=1195072526037557458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1193556932607833016, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Contact resistance of confining pressure samples, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 r 2/% R/µΩ R/µΩ
1 2 3 4 5 6
b1 16.35 30.84 30.91 31.13 30.66 30.96 30.98 30.91
b2 17.65 30.96 31.35 31.73 30.98 31.32 31.64 31.33
b3 18.92 32.25 32.84 33.44 32.20 32.83 33.48 32.84
b4 20.54 35.13 34.02 34.11 33.40 34.41 34.20 34.21
b5 21.57 35.22 35.98 36.25 35.49 35.89 37.31 36.02
b6 22.92 37.86 38.26 38.66 38.90 39.06 39.21 38.66
b7 24.32 40.64 41.60 40.97 40.63 41.03 40.99 40.98
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围压试样接触电阻

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编号 r 2/% R/µΩ R/µΩ
1 2 3 4 5 6
b1 16.35 30.84 30.91 31.13 30.66 30.96 30.98 30.91
b2 17.65 30.96 31.35 31.73 30.98 31.32 31.64 31.33
b3 18.92 32.25 32.84 33.44 32.20 32.83 33.48 32.84
b4 20.54 35.13 34.02 34.11 33.40 34.41 34.20 34.21
b5 21.57 35.22 35.98 36.25 35.49 35.89 37.31 36.02
b6 22.92 37.86 38.26 38.66 38.90 39.06 39.21 38.66
b7 24.32 40.64 41.60 40.97 40.63 41.03 40.99 40.98
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不同压接工艺对铝合金电缆接头温升特性的影响研究
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刘时珍 1 , 陈少杰 1 , 李欢 1 , 邓显波 2
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2025,58(4): 134-144
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2025, 58(4): 134-144
不同压接工艺对铝合金电缆接头温升特性的影响研究
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刘时珍1, 陈少杰1, 李欢1, 邓显波2
作者信息
  • 1 陕西理工大学 电气工程学院,陕西 汉中 723001
  • 2 中国电力科学研究院有限公司,湖北 武汉 430074
  • 刘时珍(2000-),女(汉族),陕西西安人,硕士生,主要从事电气设备绝缘结构设计的研究。

通讯作者:

李欢(1988-),男(汉族),陕西汉中人,教授,博士,主要从事电气设备绝缘结构设计的研究。
Influence of different crimping processes on temperature rise characteristics of aluminum alloy cable joints
Shizhen LIU1, Shaojie CHEN1, Huan LI1, Xianbo DENG2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
  • 2 China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2025-04-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.04.017
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电缆接头是电缆线路中最薄弱的环节,而铝合金导体电缆接头处导体与连接管之间的接触电阻是影响电缆接头温度分布及故障率的关键因素。为了研究不同压接工艺对电缆接头温度分布特性的影响,本文以35 kV铝合金电缆导体为研究对象,通过接触电阻测量回路对不同压接百分比导体试样与连接管之间的接触电阻进行测量,得出坑压和围压两种压接工艺下接触电阻与压接百分比之间的定量关系。通过COMSOL有限元仿真软件建立导体横截面积为400 mm2的电缆接头的电-热耦合模型,研究不同压接工艺下接触电阻与电缆接头温度分布特性的对应关系。结果表明:发现接触电阻随压接百分比的增大而增大,在保证电缆长期运行最高温度不超过90℃以及满足力学性能要求的前提下,坑压工艺下压接百分比应控制在27.86%~35.44%,围压工艺下压接百分比应控制在16.01%~22.21%。两种压接工艺的温升曲线变化趋势一致,缆芯部分最高温度出现在连接管位置,并沿轴向逐渐递减;接头外表面温度整体呈现下降趋势,但在连接管部分由于有接触电阻的存在,该部位温度出现了小范围的升高。

铝合金导体  /  电缆接头  /  压接工艺  /  接触电阻  /  有限元仿真

The cable joint is the weakest link in the cable line, and the contact resistance between the conductor and the connecting pipe at the aluminum alloy conductor cable joint is the key factor affecting the temperature distribution and failure rate of the cable joint. In order to study the influence of different crimping processes on the temperature distribution characteristics of cable joints, a 35 kV aluminum alloy conductor was used as the research object, and the contact resistance between conductor samples with different crimping percentages and connecting tubes were measured through the contact resistance measurement circuit. The quantitative relationshipes between contact resistance and crimping percentage under two crimping processes of pit pressure and confining pressure were obtained. The electro-thermal coupling model of a cable joint with conductor cross-sectional area of 400 mm2 was established by COMSOL finite element simulation software, and the corresponding relationship between contact resistance and temperature distribution characteristics of cable joint under different crimping processes was studied. The results show that the contact resistance increases with the increase of the crimping percentage. Under the premise of ensuring that the maximum temperature of the long-term operation of the cable does not exceed 90℃ and meeting the mechanical performance requirements, the crimping percentage under the pit pressing process should be controlled at 27.86%-35.44%, and the crimping percentage under the confining pressure process should be controlled at 16.01%-22.21%. The temperature rise curves of the two crimping processes have the same change trend. The highest temperature of the cable core appears at the position of the connecting pipe, and gradually decreases along the axial direction. The temperature of the outer surface of the joint shows a downward trend as a whole, but the temperature of the connecting pipe increases in a small range due to the existence of contact resistance.

aluminum alloy conductor  /  cable joint  /  crimping process  /  contact resistance, finite element simulation
刘时珍, 陈少杰, 李欢, 邓显波. 不同压接工艺对铝合金电缆接头温升特性的影响研究. 绝缘材料, 2025 , 58 (4) : 134 -144 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.04.017
Shizhen LIU, Shaojie CHEN, Huan LI, Xianbo DENG. Influence of different crimping processes on temperature rise characteristics of aluminum alloy cable joints[J]. Insulating Materials, 2025 , 58 (4) : 134 -144 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.04.017
电力电缆通常采用铜或铝作为导体材料[1-2]。铜具有出色的导电性能和力学性能,但由于国内电解铜产量有限,因此铜被作为战略资源进行控制[3-4]。自1957年起,我国提出了“以铝代铜”的发展战略,发展至今电力电缆行业倡导的“以铝节铜”的理念,无不证明了铝芯导体是电力电缆行业的发展趋势[5]。铝的电导率约为铜的60%,但铝的抗蠕变性能较差、断裂伸长率低、韧性也不如铜,因此,寻找替代铜和铝的电缆材料迫在眉睫[6]。铝合金电缆是一种由铝合金导体和绝缘材料组成的电力传输设备。相比传统的铜导体,铝合金导体具有质量轻、价格低、延展性好等优点[7]。此外,相比纯铝导体,铝合金导体在力学性能方面也有大幅提升,解决了纯铝导体抗蠕变性能差、断裂伸长率低和柔韧性差等问题,避免了纯铝导体电缆在连接性能和力学性能方面的不稳定性[8-9]。因此,研究并推广铝合金导体电缆成为目前电力电缆行业的趋势[10]
铝合金导体的研究起步较晚,国内厂商生产的铝合金导体电缆牌号较多,其内部掺杂的微量元素也有所不同,这种多样性虽在某种程度上推进了技术的进步,但同时也导致用户在选择铝合金导体电缆时由于缺乏统一的标准而感到困惑,从而影响铝合金导体的应用和推广[11-13];当前,铝合金导体电缆所采用的连接端子仍是适配纯铝电缆的过渡连接端子,并非专门为铝合金导体电缆配套设计,会导致连接端子的接触面出现磨损的情况,所以应使用配套的压接端子进行电缆连接[14-15]
近年来,针对电缆接头的研究主要集中在接头处不同的温度分布特性对电缆劣化程度的影响,关于接头处连接性能的研究较少[16]。电缆的连接附件与压接工艺也会影响电缆的安全稳定运行,铝合金导体及其连接管在压接处会产生接触电阻,现有研究表明铝合金导体与连接管之间的连接工艺会产生较大的接触电阻,铝合金导体接头产生较高温升,导致电缆寿命缩短[17-20]。根据电接触理论,当电流经过接触物体表面的导电斑时,电流线将发生收缩,使得电流路径延长,等效于减小了导电面积,在导电斑处产生局部附加电阻,导致电缆接头过热[21-24]。因此,对于铝合金导体电缆必须要注意其与连接管之间的连接问题[25-26],比如采取优良的压接工艺,控制好铝合金导体及连接金具处的接触电阻大小,从而确保电缆线路正常工作时其温升在允许范围内[27]。在国内外学者的研究中,对于电缆接头温度的影响因素以及接触电阻对电缆接头温度的影响进行了大量研究,但少有考虑压接工艺对电缆温升的影响。
本文以35 kV铝合金导体电缆作为研究对象,基于等效电阻率的接触电阻理论[28],通过多物理场耦合仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics搭建基于温度场、电场的耦合仿真模型。研究压接工艺对电缆接头温度分布的影响规律,并分析电缆接头处温升与压接百分比之间的定量关系。同时在保证电缆长时间正常运行的前提下,得出最合理的压接百分比,为电缆的生产制造提供参考。
本文选用国内某厂家生产的电压等级为35 kV、截面积为400 mm2的铝合金导体电缆,所选用样品涉及到的压接工艺包括坑压和围压两种[29]。其中坑压工艺采用4道次压接,围压工艺采用6道次压接,两种工艺的压接顺序都是由外侧向内侧压接,同一压接工艺下不同试样的压接深度存在差异。压接的具体方法和参数参照GB/T 134315—2008[30]图1为铝合金导体电缆压接示意图及压接过程的现场照片,图2为采用不同压接工艺制备的铝合金导体电缆试样。
由于在实际工程中不同电压等级的铝合金导体电缆的压接深度存在差异,仅通过本文中35 kV铝合金导体电缆压接深度与接触电阻、温升的对应关系来表征压接工艺对接触电阻和温升的影响并不能广泛适用于各种电压等级的电缆,故定义变量“压接百分比”来表征。压接百分比由压接深度和连接管直径两个关键参数共同决定,坑压和围压压接百分比的具体计算公式分别如式(1)式(2)所示,不同压接工艺的压接参数示意图如图3所示。
r 1 = h 1 d
r 2 = 2 h 2 d
式(1)~(2)中:h 1为坑压工艺的压接深度;h 2为单侧围压深度,2h 2为围压工艺的压接深度;d为连接管直径;r 1r 2分别为坑压工艺和围压工艺的压接百分比。
为了准确测量试样的接触电阻,本文参考GB/T 9327—2008搭建如图4所示的接触电阻测量系统[31]
接触电阻测量系统由不同压接工艺的铝合金导体回路组成,为了减少测量过程中单一试样所引发的测量误差,实验采用7根铝合金导体和6根连接管组合起来,经过穿芯变压器压接成回路,连接管长度为160 mm。对7根铝合金导体进行压接时,需要测量压接深度和接触电阻,并计算这7根铝合金导体的平均压接深度和平均接触电阻。由于接触电阻构成复杂,包含导体与导体、导体与连接管之间的接触电阻,但压接工艺一般只影响导体与连接管之间的接触电阻,因此本文采用导体电阻测量仪对导体与连接管之间的接触电阻进行测量,测量原理如图5所示。
使用导体电阻测量仪对接头处接触电阻进行测量,试验温度为20℃,连接管两侧150 mm处记为电阻测量点,使用铜丝固定连接管两侧,测量两铜丝之间的电阻,此电阻记为测量电阻R c。在长度为460 mm的铝合金导体两端固定铜丝并测量电阻,此电阻记为基准导体电阻R j,接头处的接触电阻R式(3)所示。
R = R j - 300 460 R c
压接深度是影响接触电阻的主要因素。每种压接工艺下选择7个不同的压接深度,研究压接深度对接触电阻的影响规律。其中坑压工艺下,7个不同的压接深度分别编号为a1~a7;围压工艺下,7个不同的压接深度分别编号为b1~b7。在同一压接深度下,由于每个连接管处的压接深度不可能完全相同,因此取6根连接管处压接深度平均值来计算压接百分比。不同压接工艺试样的参数如表1表2所示。
电缆在安装敷设时必须保证具有一定的机械强度。连接管与张力试验工具钳之间的导体长度为1 500 mm,负荷速率为10 N/(s·mm2)。根据GB/T 9327—2008中对电缆导体金具的要求,截面积为400 mm2的连接管最大拉断力应不小于16 kN,因此需要对压接后的铝合金导体进行拉断力测试,得到将其拉断所使用的最大拉断力。
本文利用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元仿真软件,建立了电缆接头的二维轴对称模型。
(1)理论基础
电场为准静态场,其控制方程如式(4)~(6)所示。
· J = Q i
J = σ E + J e
E = - φ
式(4)~(6)中:∇为矢量微分算符;J为电流密度矢量,A/m3Q i为电流源,A/m3σ为电导率,S/m;E为电场强度矢量,V/m;φ为电势,V;J e为外部注入电流密度,A/m3
在式(4)~(6)中,求解的基本参数为φ,其他参数以φ为基础求出。
热传导控制方程如式(7)所示。
ρ c T x = - x K T x + y K T y + Q r h
式(7)中:ρ为密度,kg/m3c为比热容,J/(kg·℃);T为温度,℃;K为导热系数,W/(m·K);Q rh为载流导体产生的热量,W。
通过热传导控制方程求解温度场分布时,需已知方程中的热源项,而热源项与金属导体材料的电导率有关[32],电导率又随温度变化,因此,电场和温度场是一个双向耦合过程。
(2)接头等效模型
图6为电缆接头模型的二维剖面图[33-36]。其中,电缆总长为3 m,缆芯横截面积为400 mm2,连接管长度为160 mm,厚度为14.5 mm。
图7为接触电阻的等效模型[37-38]。假设接触电阻均匀存在于铝合金导体与连接管之间,则连接管和铝合金导体之间不同的接触电阻可通过COMSOL仿真软件改变等效接触电阻的线性电阻率(ρ eq)来等效实现。
为了研究等效接触电阻与温度场的关系,引入压接系数kkρ eq的计算公式如式(8)~(10)所示。
k = R e q R 0
k = ρ e q L / π r e q 2 ρ 0 L / π r 0 2
ρ e q = ρ 0 r e q 2 r 0 2 k
式(8)~(10)中:L为连接管的长度;ρ 0r 0分别为铝合金导体的线性电阻率和半径;ρ eqr eq分别为等效接触电阻的线性电阻率和半径;R eqR 0分别为等效接触电阻的阻值与铝合金导体的阻值。
将电缆接头的几何参数代入式(10)可得式(11)
ρ e q = 6.993 × 10 - 8 k
(3)电缆接头的材料属性
本文仿真中所涉及的材料属性如表3所示。其中,导体材料相关参数的设置参考文献[39-40],导体热参数通过Comsol有限元仿真软件内置的材料库进行设置。
(4)边界条件及网格划分
土壤上边界与空气存在对流换热,环境温度 设置为298.15 K,空气自然对流系数h为10 W/(m2·K)[41]
在连接管及其缆芯设置电流守恒,本构关系J c-E中传导模型选择线性电阻率,考虑集肤效应,对缆芯施加1 100 A法向电流,建立电热耦合模型。
多物理场选择电磁热耦合,频率为50 Hz。由于铝合金导体电缆接头模型为二维轴对称建模,故在整个模型中直接采用自由三角形进行网格划分[42]
采用铝合金导体电缆接触电阻测量系统测试不同压接工艺试样的接触电阻,结果如表4表5所示。
表4表5中提取压接百分比与平均接触电阻的数值并进行拟合,结果如图8所示。
式(12)式(13)分别为通过单指数拟合曲线得到的坑压与围压工艺下压接百分比与接触电阻的定量关系。
R = 0.07 e r 1 0.07 + 21.95
R = 0.28 e r 2 0.06 + 26.69
通过拟合优度判断两种压接工艺下压接百分比与接触电阻拟合曲线的准确性均达到98%以上。从图8可以看出,在两种压接工艺下,接触电阻均随压接百分比的增大而增大。其中,当坑压压接百分比增加8.7%时,对应的接触电阻增大了11.07 µΩ;当围压压接百分比增加8.1%时,接触电阻增加了10.07 µΩ。通过对比可以认为二者变化规律基本一致。
当压接百分比增大时,连接管与铝合金导体间的压接更为紧密,在金属形变过程中导线之间的空隙被挤压。同时由于铝合金导体受到竖直方向下力的作用而产生横向位移,导致连接管与铝合金导体之间的接触点增多,导电斑个数增加,使得接触电阻增大。为了使接头处接触电阻减小,需要控制接头压接时的压接百分比尽可能小,但当压接百分比过小时,会影响导体的连接稳定性。因此,选择合适的压接百分比显得至关重要。
使用WDW-10型万能试验机对压接后的铝合金导体电缆进行力学性能测试,每个试样测试3次取平均值,不同压接工艺试样的拉断力测试结果如图9所示。
式(14)式(15)分别为通过单指数拟合曲线得到的坑压与围压工艺下压接百分比与拉断力(F)的定量关系。
F = 1.47 e r 1 0.01 + 2.70
F = 1.04 e r 2 0.08 + 8.45
图9可以看出,本文所采用的全部样本除a1之外都能满足GB/T 9327—2008中截面积为400 mm2的连接管最大拉断力应不小于16 kN的要求。
坑压工艺下压接百分比和拉断力拟合曲线的准确性达到了99.71%,围压工艺下压接百分比和拉断力拟合曲线的准确性达到了98.90%。将拉断力16 kN作为下限并代入式(14)~(15)中,可以计算出坑压工艺的压接百分比应大于27.86%,围压工艺的压接百分比应大于16.01%。过小的压接百分比不仅会使接头处连接不稳定、易松动,并且在连接管内部导体与连接管之间存在较大空隙,在电缆运行发热时,接头处受到金属蠕变影响,导体有更大的空间蠕变变形,导致其内部应力严重降低,进一步使得接头处连接不稳定。
接触电阻会在电缆接头处产生额外的热量,一部分热量通过电缆中间接头外表皮进行消散,另一部分热量由电缆中间接头连接处向两端传递,在离连接处1.5 m外,可忽略接触电阻对电缆处温度的影响。基于上述模型,当电缆接头压接良好,即接触电阻为0 Ω时,温度分布图如10图所示。从图10可以看出,在不考虑接触电阻时,铝合金导体电缆接头处与导体本身温度差异不大,均为65℃左右,远小于电缆长期运行温度90℃。
为了更清晰地反映此时电缆接头中的温度分布,沿电缆线芯中心线及接头外表面中心线提取温度数值,如图11所示。图11中a、b点所在具体位置如图12所示。
图11可以看出,无接触电阻时,铝合金导体电缆线芯温度曲线从一侧导体向连接管方向的温度变化呈现下降趋势,分析认为这是由于接头处的散热面积较大,换热系数高,其热量损失大于导体处,所以曲线呈现两端导体处温度较高,接头处温度低的现象。在良好接触的情况下,导体两端温度能达到65.3℃,接头处温度能达到64.8℃左右,二者温差极小,符合理想情况下无接触电阻时的温升变化。
图11还可以看出,无接触电阻时,铝合金导体电缆线芯与外表面温度变化趋势基本一致,二者在a点处温度相差10℃左右,在b点处温度相差15℃左右,主要是因为从a点开始电缆接头外表面绝缘开始加厚,故温度下降。
根据接触电阻测量系统,由式(8)计算得到7组坑压工艺试样的压接系数k,通过对坑压工艺下不同压接百分比的铝合金电缆接头进行温升特性仿真,得到了电缆线芯和外表面温度沿轴向的温度分布图如图13所示。
图13(a)可以看出,随着压接系数k的增大,电缆接头处的温度呈现上升趋势。分析认为,这是由于铝合金导体与连接管压接之后,随着压接系数k的增大,铝合金材料发生形变,此时接触面之间的导电斑面积增加,从而增大了接头处的接触电阻,导致温度升高。
图13(b)可以看出,由于接头处存在接触电阻,导致电缆由两端向接头处温度呈现上升趋势,温度在a点处达到最高,但从此处开始电缆接头绝缘变厚,故温度呈现下降趋势。在b点处温度出现小范围升高,这主要是由于连接管与导体之间存在接触电阻,较高的温度传递到外表面导致的。电缆接头外表面温度都低于电缆线芯的温度,这是由于电缆中间接头绝缘较厚,且电缆不同结构的材料不同,外表面径向温度变化不规则导致。
根据接触电阻测量系统,由式(8)计算得到7组围压工艺试样的压接系数k,通过对围压工艺下不同压接系数k的铝合金电缆接头进行温升特性仿真,得到了电缆线芯温度和外表面温度沿轴向的分布图如图14所示。从图14可以看出,在围压工艺下,缆芯温度与外表面温度分布特性与坑压工艺一致。对比两种压接工艺的接头处温度发现,在压接系数k相同的条件下,围压工艺的温度均大于坑压工艺,说明坑压工艺在电缆接头的温度分布表现优于围压工艺。
考虑到铝合金导体电缆及接头的长期服役特性,本文通过研究压接百分比对接头内部温度分布特性的影响规律,来确定一个合理的压接百分比范围。在接头内部,金属压接管外为硅橡胶(SIR)绝缘,其余线芯部分的外部为XLPE绝缘。考虑到SIR的耐热等级高于XLPE,因此主要将接头内XLPE材料长期运行最高温度不超过90℃时对应的压接百分比作为上限。由温度场仿真可知,图6中红圈部分为接头内XLPE绝缘的最高温度分布处,分别对应图13(a)14(a)中的轴向长度为1 420 mm和1 580 mm。由图13图14可知,电缆温度呈轴向对称分布,故两处位置温度一致,选择该温度与压接百分比进行单指数拟合,结果如图15所示。
式(16)式(17)分别为通过单指数拟合曲线拟合得到的坑压工艺与围压工艺下压接百分比与温度的定量关系。
T = 0.14 e r 1 7.50 + 74.16
T = 0.24 e r 2 5.95 + 80
对数据拟合后,通过拟合优度得到坑压工艺下压接百分比与温升变化特性曲线的准确性达到了99.07%,围压工艺下压接百分比与温升特性曲线的准确性达到了99.45%。
图15可以看出,当温度达到90℃时,坑压工艺下压接百分比为35.44%,围压工艺下压接百分比为22.21%,故为保证电缆的正常运行,坑压的压接百分比应小于35.44%,围压的压接百分比应小于22.21%。
根据电缆力学性能和安全性能的要求,得到坑压工艺下合理的压接百分比为27.86%~35.44%,围压工艺下合理的压接百分比为16.01%~22.21%。
本文对35 kV铝合金导体电缆接头建立了电-热耦合模型,讨论了压接工艺对电缆接头温度分布的影响,主要得出以下结论:
(1)本文研究了压接工艺对接触电阻的影响规律,在坑压与围压两种压接工艺下,接触电阻均随压接百分比的增大而增大。
(2)通过分析压接工艺与电缆中间接头处温度的关系可知,两种压接工艺的温升曲线变化趋势一致。对于缆芯的温度分布,其最高温度出现在连接管位置,并沿轴向逐渐递减;对于接头外表面温度,由于绝缘层较厚导致热量传导受阻,整体温度呈现下降趋势,但在连接管部分由于有接触电阻的存在,该部位温度出现了小范围的升高。
(3)为了满足力学性能的要求,以及保证电缆的正常运行,得出坑压工艺下合理的压接百分比为27.86%~35.44%,围压工艺下合理的压接百分比为16.01%~22.21%。
  • 陕西省科技厅自然科学重点项目(2023-JC-ZD-34)
  • 陕西省教育厅专项基金资助项目(22JK0322)
  • 陕西理工大学研究生创新基金资助项目(SLGYCX2403)
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2025年第58卷第4期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.04.017
  • 接收时间:2024-06-04
  • 首发时间:2025-11-07
  • 出版时间:2025-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-04
  • 修回日期:2024-07-08
基金
陕西省科技厅自然科学重点项目(2023-JC-ZD-34)
陕西省教育厅专项基金资助项目(22JK0322)
陕西理工大学研究生创新基金资助项目(SLGYCX2403)
作者信息
    1 陕西理工大学 电气工程学院,陕西 汉中 723001
    2 中国电力科学研究院有限公司,湖北 武汉 430074

通讯作者:

李欢(1988-),男(汉族),陕西汉中人,教授,博士,主要从事电气设备绝缘结构设计的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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